Applications of the degradable inter penetrating polymeric networks and hydrogels in controlled drug delivery

Environmentally Degradable Materials based on Multicomponent Polymeric Systems

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 336-382

  Oprea, Ana Maria ^a   Dumitriu, Raluca Petronela ^a   Raschip, Irina Elena ^a   Vasile, Cornelia ^a  

^a PETRU PONI INSTITUTE OF MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY   (Romania)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 78651418942     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (190)

1. West J.L., Hubbell J.A. (1995): Photopolymerized hydrogel materials for drug- delivery applications. React. Polym, 25: 139-147.
2. Wong J.Y., Bronzino J.D. (2007): Biomaterials. CRC Press, New York, USA.
3. Whitbourne R.J. (1994): Lubricious hydrophilic coating, resistant to wet abrasion. Patent No. 5.331.027.
4. Graham N.B. (1990): Controlled drug delivery systems. Chem. Ind., 482-486.
5. Ravichandran P., Shantha K.L., Panduranga Rao K. (1997): Preparation, swelling characteristics and evaluation of hydrogels for stomach specific drug delivery. Int. J. Pharm., 154: 89-94.
6. Risbud M.V., Hardikar A.A., Bhat S.V., Bhonde R.R. (2000): pH-sensitive freeze-dried chitosan-polyvinyl pyrrolidone hydrogels as controlled release system for antibiotic delivery. J. Control. Release, 68: 23-30.
7. Varshosaz J., Koopaie N. (2002): Cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel: study of swelling and drug release behaviour. Iran. Polym. J, 11: 123-131.
8. Akhgari A., Afrasiabi Garekani H., Sadeghi F., Azimaie M. (2005): Statical optimization of indomethacin pettets coated with pH-dependent methacrylic polymers for possible colonic drug delivery. Int. J. Pharm, 305: 22-30.
9. Shoji N., Nomura M., Yokoyama Y. (1997): Methods for producing 2- hydroxyethyl methacrylate polymer hydrogel and water-containing soft contact lenses. Patent No. EP 0874 007 A1.
10. Ratner B.D., Hoffman A.S. (1976): Hydrogels for Medical and Related Applications. ACS Symposium Series No. 31, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA.
11. Li X., Jasti R.B. (2006): Design of Controlled Release Drug Delivery System. McGraw-Hill, USA.
12. Park H., Shalaby W.S.W., Park K. (1993): Biodegradable Hydrogels for Drug Delivery. CRC Press, New York.
13. Jain Kewal, K. (2008): Drug Delivery Systems. Humana Press, USA.
14. Martin A. (1993): Physical Pharmacy: Physical Chemical Principles in the Pharmaceutical Sciences. 4th Edition, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
15. Jantzen G.W., Robinson J.R. (1996): Modern Pharmaceutics. 3rd Edition, Eds., G.S. Banker and C.T. Rhodes, Marcel Dekker, New York, USA.
16. Needham D. (1999): Materials engineering of lipid bilayers for drug carrier performances. MRS Bull., 24: 32-40.
17. Crommelin D.J.A., Hennink W.E., Storm G. (2001): Drug Delivery and Targeting for Pharmacists and Pharmaceutical Scientists. Hillery A.M., Lloyd A.W., Swarbrick J., (Eds.), Taylor & Francis, London, UK.
18. Guo X., Szoka F.C. (2003): Chemical approaches to triggerable lipid vesicles for drug and gene delivery. Acc. Chem. Res, 36(5): 335-341.
19. Lim H.J., Masin D., McIntosh N.L. (2000): Role of drug release and liposomemediated drug delivery in governing the therapeutic activity of liposomal mitox- antrone used to treat human A431 and LS180 solid tumors. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 292(1): 337-345.
20. Hoare T.R., Kohane D.S. (2008): Hydrogels in drug delivery: progress and challenges. Polymer, 49: 1993-2007.
21. Lee K.Y., Mooney D.J. (2001): Hydrogels for tissue engineering. Chem. Rev., 101(7): 1869-1880.
22. Van der Linden H.J., Herber S., Olthuis W., Bergveld, P. (2003): Stimulussensitive hydrogels and their application in chemical (micro)analysis. Analyst, 128: 325-331.
23. Jen A.C., Wake M.C., Mikos A.G. (1996): Review: Hydrogels for cell immobilization. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 50(4): 357-64.
24. Wang K.J., Cussler Burban E. (1993): Hydrogels as Separation Agents. Responsive Gels: Volume Transitions II, pp. 67-79.
25. Bennett S.L., Melanson D.A., Torchiana D.F., Wiseman D.M., Sawhney A.S. (2003): Next generation hydrogels film as tissue sealants and adhesion barriers. J. Cardiac Surg., 18(6): 494-499.
26. Sutton C. (2005): Adhesion and their prevention. The Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, 7: 168-176.
27. Amsden B. (1998): Solute diffusion within hydrogels. Mechanisms and models. Macromolecules, 31: 8382-8395.
28. Siepmann J., Gopferich A. (2001): Mathematical modeling of bioerodible, polymeric drug delivery systems. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 48: 229-247.
29. Bettini R., Colombo P., Massimo G., Catellani P.L., Vitali T. (1994): Swelling and drug-release in hydrogel matrices-polymer viscosity and matrix porosity effects. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 2: 213-219.
30. Peppas N.A. (1986): Hydrogels in Medicine and Pharmacy, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
31. Masaro L., Zhu X.X. (1999): Physical models of diffusion for polymer solutions, gels and solids. Prog. Polym. Sci, 24: 731-775.
32. Bird R.B., Stewart W.E., Lightfoot E.N. (1960): Transport Phenomena. John Wiley and Sons, Toronto.
33. Cohen M.H., Turnbull D. (1959): Molecular transport in liquids and glasses. J. Chem. Phys., 31: 1164-1169.
34. Mackie J.S., Meares P. (1955): Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser, 232: 498.
35. Peppas N.A., Huang Y., Torres-Lugo M., Ward J.H., Zhang J. (2000): Physicochemical foundations and structural design of hydrogels in medicine and biology. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng., 2: 9-29.
36. Lowman A.M., Peppas N.A. (1999): Hydrogels in E. Mathiowitz, Ed. Encyclopedia of Controlled Drug Delivery, Wiley, New York, USA.
37. Lustig S.R., Peppas N.A. (1988): Solute diffusion in swollen membranes. 9. Scaling laws for solute diffusion in gels. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 36: 735-747.
38. Langer R., Peppas N. (1983): Chemical and physical structure of polymers as carriers for controlled release of bioactive agents: a review. J. Macromol. Sci., Rev. Macromol. Chem. Phys, 23: 61-126.
39. Mason M.N., Metters A.T., Bowman C.N., Anseth K.S. (2001): Predicting controlled-release behavior of degradable PLA-b-PEG-b-PLA hydrogels. Macromolecules, 34: 4630-4635.
40. Anseth K.S., Metters A.T., Bryant S.J., Martens P.J., Elisseeff J.H., Bowman C.N. (2002): In situ forming degradable networks and their application in tissue engineering and drug delivery. J. Control. Release, 78: 199-209.
41. Dumitriu R.P., Oprea A-M., Vasile C. (2008): Kinetics of swelling and drug release from PNIPAAm/alginate stimuli responsive hydrogels. Solid State Phenomena, Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland, 154: 17-22.
42. Oprea A-M., Ciolacu D., Profire L., Vasile C. (2009): Cellulose/chondroitin sulphate hydrogels as release formulations: kinetic studies of swelling and drug release. 14th Panhellenic Pharmaceutical Congress, Athena, Greece CD publication, PS003: 38.
43. Yoshida R., Sakai K., Okano T., Sakurai Y. (1993): Pulsatile drug delivery systems using hydrogels. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev, 11: 85-108.
44. Brazel C.S., Peppas N.A. (1999): Dimensionless analysis of swelling of hydrophilic glassy polymers with subsequent drug release from relaxing structures. Biomaterials, 20: 721-732.
45. Brazel C.S., Peppas N.A. (1999): Mechanisms of solute and drug transport in relaxing, swellable, hydrophilic glassy polymers. Polymer, 40: 3383-3398.
46. Peppas N.A., Sahlin J.J. (1989): A simple equation for the description of solute release. 3. Coupling of diffusion and relaxation. Int. J. Pharm., 57: 169-172.
47. Korsmeyer R.W., Peppas N.A. (1981): Effect of the morphology of hydrophilic polymeric matrices on the diffusion and release of water soluble drugs. J. Membr. Sci, 9: 211-227.
48. Brazel C.S., Peppas N.A. (2000): Modeling of drug release from swellable polymers. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 49: 47-58.
49. Canal T., Peppas N.A. (1989): Correlation between mesh size and equilibrium degree of swelling of polymeric networks. J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 23: 1183-1193.
50. Peppas N.A., Khare A.R. (1993): Preparation, structure and diffusional behavior of hydrogels in controlled-release. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev, 11: 1-35.
51. Hariharan D., Peppas N.A. (1993): Modeling of water transport and solute release in physiologically sensitive gels. J. Control. Release, 23: 123-135.
52. Hariharan D., Peppas N.A. (1994): Modeling of water transport in ionic hydrophilic polymers. J. Polym. Sci., B, Polym. Phys., 32: 1093-1103.
53. Siepmann J., Peppas N.A. (2001): Modeling of drug release from delivery systems based on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev, 48: 139-157.
54. Siepmann J., Kranz H., Bodmeier R., Peppas N.A. (1999): HPMC matrices for controlled drug delivery: a new model combining diffusion, swelling, and dissolution mechanisms and predicting the release kinetics. Pharm. Res., 16: 1748-1756.
55. Siepmann J., Podual K., Sriwongjanya M., Peppas N.A., Bodmeier R. (1999): A new model describing the swelling and drug release kinetics from hydrox- ypropyl methylcellulose tablets. J. Pharm. Sci, 88: 65-72.
56. Siepmann J., Peppas N.A. (2000): Hydrophilic matrices for controlled drug delivery: an improved mathematical model to predict the resulting drug release kinetics (the "sequential layer" model). Pharm. Res., 17: 1290-1298.
57. Siepmann J., Kranz H., Peppas N.A., Bodmeier R. (2000): Calculation of the required size and shape of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose matrices to achieve desired drug release profiles. Int. J. Pharm., 201: 151-164.
58. Siepmann J., Streubel A., Peppas N.A. (2002): Understanding and predicting drug delivery from hydrophilic matrix tablets using the "sequential layer" model. Pharm. Res., 19: 306-314.
59. Hedenqvist M., Angelstok A., Edsberg L., Larsson P.T., Gedde U.W. (1996): Diffusion of small-molecule penetrants in polyethylene: free volume and morphology. Polymer, 37: 2887-2902.
60. Nichifor M., Cristea D., Carpov A. (2000) Eur. Polym. J., 28(1): 15.
61. Frassen O., Vos O.P., Hennink W.E. (1997): Delayed release of a protein from enzymatically-degrating dextran hydrogels. J. Control. Release, 44: 237.
62. Majeti N.V., Kumar R. (2000): Nano and microparticles as controlled drug delivery devices. J. Pharm. Pharmaceut. Sci., 3(2): 234.
63. Almgren M., Edwards K., Karlsson G. (2000): Cryo transmission electron microscopy of liposomes and related structures. Colloid Surface A, 174: 3.
64. Popa M., Rusu B., Sunel V. (2000): Euroasian Chem. Tech., J., 4(2): 117.
65. Majeti N.V., Kumar Ravi., Kumar N., Domb A.J. (2002): Pharmaceutical polymeric controlled drug delivery systems. Adv. Polym. Sci., 160: 47.
66. Kawagachi N., Ohkura R., Miyazaki S. (1999): Thermally reversible xyloglucan gels as a vehicle for oral drug delivery. Int. J. Pharm., 181: 227.
67. Alupeil C., Popa M., Hamcerescu M., Savin A., Abadie M.J. (2001): Euroasian Chem. Thec. J., 3: 195.
68. Yao K.D., Peng T., Xu M.X. (1994): pH-dependent hydrolysis and drug release of chitosan/polyether interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel. Polym. Int., 34: 213.
69. Sakiyama-Elbert S.E., Hubbell J.A. (2000): Controlled release of nerve growth factor from a heparin-containing fibrin-based cell in growth matrix. J. Control. Release, 69: 149-158.
70. Sakiyama-Elbert S.E., Hubbell J.A. (2000): Development of fibrin derivatives for controlled release of heparin-binding growth factors. J. Control. Release, 65: 389-402.
71. Sakiyama-Elbert S.E., Panitch A., Hubbell J.A. (2001): Development of growth factor fusion proteins for cell-triggered drug delivery. FASEB J., 15: 1300-1302.
72. Taylor S.J., McDonald J.W., Sakiyama-Elbert S.E. (2004): Controlled release of neurotrophin-3 from fibrin gels for spinal cord injury. J. Control. Release, 98: 281-294.
73. Greenwald R.B., Choe Y.H., McGuire J., Conover C.D. (2003): Effective drug delivery by PEG-ylated drug conjugates. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 55: 217-250.
74. Khandare J., Minko T. (2006): Polymer-drug conjugates: progress in polymeric prodrugs. Prog. Polym. Sci., 31: 359-397.
75. Heller J. (1980): Controlled release of biologically active compounds from bioerodible polymers. Biomaterials, 1: 51-57.
76. Zhao X., Harris J.M. (1997): Novel degradable poly(ethylene glycol) esters for drug delivery: poly(ethylene glycol). J. Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Ser., 680: 458-472.
77. Seliktar D., Zisch A.H., Lutolf M.P., Wrana J.L., Hubbell J.A. (2004): MMP-2 sensitive, VEGF-bearing bioactive hydrogels for promotion of vascular healing. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A, 68: 704-716.
78. Lutolf M.P., Lauer-Fields J.L., Schmoekel H.G., Metters A.T., Weber F.E., Fields G.B., Hubbell J.A. (2003): Synthetic matrix metalloproteinase-sensitive hydrogels for the conduction of tissue regeneration: engineering cell-invasion characteristics. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100: 5413-5418.
79. Ehrbar M., Metters A., Zammaretti P., Hubbell J.A., Zisch A.H. (2005): Endothelial cell proliferation and progenitor maturation by fibrin-bound VEGF variants with differential susceptibilities to local cellular activity. J. Control. Release, 101: 93-109.
80. DuBose J.W., Cutshall C., Metters A.T. (2005): Controlled release of tethered molecules via engineered hydrogel degradation: model development and validation. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A, 74: 104-116.
81. Rice M.A., Sanchez-Adams J., Anseth K.S. (2006): Exogenously triggered, enzymatic degradation of photopolymerized hydrogels with polycaprolactone subunits: experimental observation and modeling of mass loss behavior. Biomacromolecules, 7: 1968-1975.
82. Davis K.A., Anseth K.S. (2002): Controlled release from crosslinked degradable networks. Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carr. Syst., 19: 385-423.
83. Hopfenberg H.B. (1976): Controlled release polymeric formulations in: D.R. Paul, F.W. Haris (Eds.), ACS Symposium Series, Vol. 33, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp. 26-31.
84. Katzhendler I., Hoffman A., Goldberger A., Friedman M. (1997): Modeling of drug release from erodible tablets. J. Pharm. Sci., 86: 110-115.
85. Karasulu H.Y., Ertan G., Kose T. (2000): Modeling of theophylline release from different geometrical erodible tablets. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 49: 177-182.
86. Nam K., Watanabe J., Ishihara K. (2004): Modeling of swelling and drug release behavior of spontaneously forming hydrogels composed of phospholipid polymers. Int. J. Pharm., 275: 259-269.
87. Sawhney A.S., Pathak C.P., Hubbell J.A. (1993): Bioerodible hydrogels based on photopolymerized poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(alpha-hydroxy acid) diacrylate macromers. Macromolecules, 26: 581-587.
88. Metters A.T., Anseth K.S., Bowman C.N. (2000): Fundamental studies of a novel, biodegradable PEG-b-PLA hydrogel. Polymer, 41: 3993-4004.
89. Metters A.T., Bowman C.N., Anseth K.S. (2000): A statistical kinetic model for the bulk degradation of PLA-fc-PED-fc-PLA hydrogel networks. J. Phys. Chem, 104: 7043-7049.
90. Yasuda H., Lamaze C.E., Ikenberry L.D. (1968): Permeability of solutes throught hydrated polymer membranes. Part I. Diffusion of sodium chloride. Makromol. Chem., 118: 19.
91. Johansson L., Skantze U., Lofroth J.E. (1991): Diffusion and interaction in gels and solutions. 2. Experimental results on the obstruction effect. Macromolecules, 24: 6019-6023.
92. Martens P., Anseth K.S. (2000): Characterization of hydrogels formed from acrylate modified poly(vinyl alcohol) macromers. Polymer, 41: 7715-7722.
93. Martens P., Holland T., Anseth K.S. (2002): Synthesis and characterization of degradable hydrogels formed from acrylate modified poly(vinyl alcohol) macromers. Polymer, 43: 6093-6100.
94. Martens P.J., Bowman C.N., Anseth K.S. (2004): Degradable networks formed from multifunctional poly(vinyl alcohol) macromers: comparison of results from a generalized bulk degradation model for polymer networks and experimental data. Polymer, 45: 3377-3387.
95. Metters A., Hubbell J. (2005): Network formation and degradation behavior of hydrogels formed by Michael-type addition reactions. Biomacromolecules, 6: 290-301.
96. Gopferich A., Langer R. (1993): Modeling of polymer erosion. Macromolecules, 26: 4105-4112.
97. Gopferich A., Langer R. (1995): Modeling of polymer erosion in 3 dimensions- rotationally symmetrical devices. AIChE J., 41: 2292-2299.
98. Gopferich A., Karydas D., Langer R. (1995): Predicting drug-release from cylindric polyanhydride matrix discs. Eur. J. Pham. Biopharm, 41: 81-87.
99. Gopferich A., Langer R. (1995): Modeling monomer release from bioerodible polymers. J. Control. Release, 33: 55-69.
100. Vlugt-Wensink K.D.F., Vlugt T.J.H., Jiskoot W., Crommelin D.J.A., Verrijk R., Hennink W.E. (2006): Modeling the release of proteins from degrading crosslinked dextran microspheres using kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. J. Control. Release, 111: 117-127.
101. Genta I., Constantini M., Asti A., Conti B., Montanari L. (1998): Influence of glutaraldelhyde on drug release and mucoadhesive properties of chitosan microspheres. Carbohydr. Polym., 36: 81.
102. Hayashi T., Ikada Y. (1991): Protease immobilization onto porous chitosan beads. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 42: 85.
103. Chandy T., Sharma C.P. (1999): Chitosan matrix for oral sustained delivery of ampicilin. Biomaterials, 14: 939.
104. Leonard J., Skowronski R.J. (2001): An in vivo/in vitro comparasion with a leuprolide osmotic implant for the treatment of prostate cancer. J. Control Rel., 75: 1.
105. Jagur-Grodzinski J. (1999): Biomedical application of functional polymers. React. Funct. Polym., 39: 99.
106. Vandorpe J., Schacht E. (1997): Long circulation biodegradable poly(phosphazene) nanoparticles surface modified with poly(phosphazene)- poly(ethylene oxide) copolymer. Biomaterials, 18: 1147.
107. Lehr C.M., Boustra J.A., Schacht E., Junginer H. (1992): In vitro evaluation of mucoadhesive properties of chitosan and some other natural polymers. Int. J. Pham., 78: 43.
108. Calvo P., Remunan-Lopez C., Vila-Jato J.L., Alonso, M.J. (1997): Novel hydrophilic chitosan-polyethylene oxide nanoparticles as protein carriers. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 63: 125.
109. Huguet M.L., Groboillot, A., Neufeld, R.J. (1994): Hemoglobin encapsulation in chitosan/calcium alginate beads. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 51: 1427.
110. Fundueanu G., Nastruzzi C., Carpov A. (1999): Physico-chemical characterization of Ca-alginate microparticles produced with different method. Biomaterials, 20: 1427.
111. Sinn H., Schrenk H.H., Friedrich E.A., Schilling U., Maier-Borst W. (1990): Design of compounds having an enhanced tumor uptake using serum albumin as a carrier. Part I, Nucl. Med. Biol., 17: 819.
112. Katti D., Krishnamurti N. (1999): Preparation of albumin microspheres by an improved process. J. Microencapsulation, 16: 231.
113. Doner L.W., Douds B.D. (1995): Purification of commercial gellan to monovalent cation salts results in acute modification of solution and gel-forming properties. Carbohydr. Res., 273: 225.
114. Paulsson M., Edsman K. (2001): Controlled drug release from gels using surfactants aggregates.II. Vesicles formed from mixture of amphiphilic drugs and oppositely charged surfactants. J. Pharm., Sci., 18: 1216.
115. Yao K.D., Peng T., Yu J.J., Xu M.X. (1995): Macromol. Chem. Phys, 35: 155.
116. Yin Y., Xu M., Chen X., Yao K.D. (1996): Chinese Sci. Bull., 41: 1266.
117. Shojaei Amir H. (1998): J. Pharm. Pharmaceut. Sci., 1(1): 15.
118. Mocanu, G., Merle, L., Carpov, A., Muller, G. (2000): Immobilisation de biomolecules dans de microparticules de carboxymethylcelluloses "hydropho- biquementmodifiAl'es". Eur Polym. J, 36: 2381.
119. Peattie R.A., Rieke E.R., Hewett E.M., Fisher R.J., Shu X.Z., Prestwich G.D. (2006): Dual growth factor-induced angiogenesis in vivo using hyaluronan hydrogel implants. Biomaterials, 27: 1868-1875.
120. Simmons C.A., Alsberg E., Hsiong S., Kim W.J., Mooney D.J. (2004): Dual growth factor delivery and controlled scaffold degradation enhance in vivo bone formation by transplanted bone marrow stromal cells. Bone, 35: 562-569.
121. Streubel A., Siepmann J., Peppas N.A., Bodmeier R. (2000): Bimodal drug release achieved with multi-layer matrix tablets: transport mechanisms and device design. J. Control. Release, 69: 455-468.
122. Grassi M., Zema L., Sangalli M.E., Maroni A., Giordano F., Gazzaniga A. (2004): Modeling of drug release from partially coated matrices made of a high viscosity HPMC. Int. J. Pharm., 276: 107-114.
123. Sohier J., Vlugt T.J.H., Cabrol N., Van Blitterswijk C., de Groot K., Bezemer J.M. (2006): Dual release of proteins from porous polymeric scaffolds. J. Control. Release, 111: 95-106.
124. Lu S.X., Anseth K.S. (1999): Photopolymerization of multilaminated poly(HEMA) hydrogels for controlled release. J. Control. Release, 57: 291-300.
125. Lu S.X., Ramirez W.F., Anseth K.S. (1998): Modeling and optimization of drug release from laminated polymer matrix devices. AIChE J., 44: 1689-1696.
126. Crank J. (1975): The Mathematics of Diffusion. Oxford University Press, New York.
127. Holland T.A., Tabata Y., Mikos A.G. (2005): Dual growth factor delivery from degradable oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) hydrogel scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. J. Control. Release, 101: 111-125.
128. Jeon O., Kang S.W., Lim H.W., Chung J.H., Kim B.S. (2006): Long term and zero-order release of basic fibroblast growth factor from heparin-conjugated poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanospheres and fibrin gel. Biomaterials, 27: 1598-1607.
129. DeFail A.J., Chu C.R., Izzo N., Marra K.G. (2006): Controlled release of bioactive TGF-beta(1) from microspheres embedded within biodegradable hydrogels. Biomaterials, 27: 1579-1585.
130. Richardson T.P., Peters M.C., Ennett A.B., Mooney D.J. (2001): Polymeric system for dual growth factor delivery. Nat. Biotechnol., 19: 1029-1034.
131. Gombotz W.R., Wee S.F. (1998): Protein release from alginate matrices. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 31: 267-285.
132. Chang S.C.N., Rowley J.A., Tobias G., Genes N.G., Roy A.K., Mooney D.J., Vacanti C.A., Bonassar L.J. (2001): Injection molding of chondrocyte/alginate constructs in the shape of facial implants. J. Biomed. Mater. Res, 55: 503-511.
133. Chang T.M.S., Prakash S. (1998): Therapeutic uses of microencapsulated genetically engineered cells. Mol. Med. Today, 4: 221-227.
134. Uludag H., De Vos P., Tresco P.A. (2000): Technology of mammalian cell encapsulation. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 42: 29-64.
135. Crotts G., Park T.G. (1998): Protein delivery from poly(lactic-coglycolic acid) biodegradable microspheres: release kinetics and stability issues. J. Microen- capsul, 15: 699-713.
136. Bodmeier R., Chen H.G., Paeratakul O. (1989): A novel-approach to the oral delivery of micro-particles or nanoparticles. Pharm. Res., 6: 413-417.
137. Mumper R.J., Hoffman A.S., Puolakkainen P.A., Bouchard L.S., Gombotz W.R. (1994): Calcium-alginate beads for the oral delivery of transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1))-stabilization of TGF-beta(1) by the addition of polyacrylic-acid within acid-treated beads. J. Control. Release, 30: 241-251.
138. Almeida A.J., Alpar H.O. (1996): Nasal delivery of vaccines. J. Drug Target, 3: 455-467.
139. Brooking J., Davis S.S., Illum L. (2001): Transport of nanoparticles across the rat nasal mucosa. J. Drug Target., 9: 267-279.
140. Van Tomme S.R., De Geest B.G., Braeckmans K., De Smedt S.C., Siepmann F., Siepmann J., Van Nostrum C.F., Hennink W.E. (2005): Mobility of model proteins in hydrogels composed of oppositely charged dextran microspheres studied by protein release and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. J. Control. Release, 110: 67-78.
141. Siepmann J., Faisant N., Benoit J.P. (2002): A new mathematical model quantifying drug release from bioerodible microparticles using Monte Carlo simulations. Pharm. Res., 19: 1885-1893.
142. Huang X., Brazel C.S. (2001): On the importance and mechanisms of burst release in matrix-controlled drug delivery systems. J. Control. Release, 73: 121-136.
143. Yeo Y., Park K.N. (2004): Control of encapsulation efficiency and initial burst in polymeric microparticle systems. Arch. Pharm. Res, 27: 1-12.
144. Sagiv A., Parker N., Parkhi V., Nelson K.D. (2003): Initial burst measures of release kinetics from fiber matrices. Ann. Biomed. Eng, 31: 1132-1140.
145. Santovena A., Garcia J.T., Oliva A., Llabres M., Farina J.B. (2006): A mathematical model for interpreting in vitro rHGH release from laminar implants. Int. J. Pharm., 309: 38-43.
146. Huang X., Chestang B.L., Brazel C.S. (2002): Minimization of initial burst in poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels by surface extraction and surface-preferential crosslinking. Int. J. Pharm, 248: 183-192.
147. Thote A.J., Chappell J.T, Gupta R.B., Kumar R. (2005): Reduction in the initial-burst release by surface crosslinking of PLGA microparticles containing hydrophilic or hydrophobic drugs. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm, 31: 43-57.
148. Zhou Y., Wu X.Y. (1997): Finite element analysis of diffusional drug release from complex matrix systems. I. Complex geometries and composite structures. J. Control. Release, 49: 277-288.
149. Mandal T.K., Bostanian L.A., Graves R.A., Chapman S.R. (2002): Poly(D, L- lactide-co-glycolide) encapsulated poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel as a drug delivery system. Pharm. Res., 19: 1713-1719.
150. Lee P.L. (1984): Effect of non-uniform initial-drug concentration distribution on the kinetics of drug release from glassy hydrogel matrices. Polymer, 25: 973.
151. Zhou Y., Chu J.S., Wu X.Y. (2004): Theoretical analysis of drug release into a finite medium from sphere ensembles with various size and concentration distributions. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 22: 251-259.
152. Kim B., Peppas N.A. (2003): Poly(ethylene glycol)-containing hydrogels for oral protein delivery applications. Biomed. Microdevices, 5: 333-341.
153. Burdick J.A., Mason M.N., Hinman A.D., Thorne K., Anseth K.S. (2002): Delivery of osteoinductive growth factors from degradable PEG hydrogels influences osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. J. Control. Release, 83: 53-63.
154. Quick D.J., Anseth K.S. (2003): Gene delivery in tissue engineering: a photopolymer platform to coencapsulate cells and plasmid DNA. Pharm. Res., 20: 1730-1737.
155. Quick D.J., Macdonald K.K., Anseth K.S. (2004): Delivering DNA from pho- tocrosslinked surface eroding polyanhydrides. J. Control. Release, 97: 333-343.
156. Quick D.J., Anseth K.S. (2004): DNA delivery from photocrosslinked PED hydrogels: Encapsulation efficiency, release profiles and DNA quality. J. Control. Release, 96: 341-351.
157. Wu J.Y., Liu S.Q., Heng P.W.S., Yang Y.Y. (2005): Evaluating proteins release from and their interactions with thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels. J. Control. Release, 102: 361-372.
158. Coughlan D.C., Corrigan O.I. (2006): Drug-polymer interactions and their effect on thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) drug delivery systems. Int. J. Pharm., 313: 163-174.
159. Tu J., Bolla S., Barr J., Miedema J., Li X., Jasti B. (2005): Alginate microparticles prepared by spray-coagulation method: preparation, drug loading and release characterization. Int. J. Pharm, 303: 171-181.
160. Van de Wetering P., Metters A.T., Schoenmakers R.G., Hubbell J.A. (2005): Poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels formed by conjugate addition with controllable swelling, degradation, and release of pharmaceutically active proteins. J. Control. Release, 102: 619-627.
161. Yin L., Ding J.Y., Fei L., Heb M., Cui F., Tang C., Yin C. (2008): Beneficial properties for insulin absorbtion using superporous hydrogels containing interpenetrating polymer network as oral delivery vehicles. Int. J. Pharmaceut., 350: 220-229.
162. Rokhade A.P., Patil S.A., Aminabhavi T.M. (2007): Synthesis and characterization of semi-interpenetrating polymer network mycrospheres of acrylamide grafted dextran and chitosan for controlled release of acyclovir. Carbohydr. Polym., 67: 605-613.
163. Wang S.C., Chen B.H., Wang L.F., Chen J.S. (2007): Characterization of chondroitin sulphate and its interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels for sustained-drug release. Int. J. Pharmaceut., 329: 103-109.
164. Ramesh Babu V., Hosamani K.M., Aminabhavi T.M. (2008): Preparation and in vitro release of chlorothiazide novel pH-sensitive chitosan-V, V'- dimethylacrylamide semi-interpenetrating network microspheres. Carbohydr. Polym., 71: 208-217.
165. Li X., Wu W., Liu W. (2008): Synthesis and properties of thermo-responsive guar gum/poly(V-isopropylacrylamide) interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels. Carbohydr. Polym., 71: 394-402.
166. Rodriguez-Tenreiro C., Diez-Bueno L., Concheiro A., Torres-Labandeira J.J., Alvarez-Lorenzo C. (2007): Cyclodextrin/carbopol micro-scale interpenetrating network (ms-IPNs) for drug delivery. J. Control. Release, 123: 56-66.
167. Wang C., Liu H., Gao Q., Liu X., Tong Z. (2008): Alginate-calcium carbonate porous microparticles hybrid hydrogels with versatile drug loading capabilities and variable mechanical strengths. Carbohydr. Polym., 71: 476-480.
168. Krishna Rao K.S.V., Naidu B.V.K., Subha M.C.S., Sairam M., Aminabhavi T.M. (2006): Novel chitosan-based pH-sensitive interpenetrating network microgels for the controlled release of cefadroxil. Carbohydr. Polym., 66: 333-344.
169. Kim I.Y., Yoo M.K., Seo J.H., Park S.S., Na H.S., Lee H.C., Kim S.K., Cho C.S. (2007): Evaluation of semi-interpenetrating polymers networks composed of chitosan and poloxamer for wound dressing application. Int. J. Pham., 341: 3543.
170. Mehyar G.F., Liu Z., Han, J.H. (2008): Dynamics of antimicrobial hydrogels physiological saline. Carbohydr. Polymers, 74: 92-98.
171. Loh X.J., Sng K.B.C., Li J. (2008): Synthesis and water-swelling of thermoresponsive poly(ester urethane)s containing poly(e-caprolactone), poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(propylene glycol). Biomaterials, 29: 3185-3194.
172. Nagahama H., Kashiki T., Nwe N., Jayakumar R., Furuike T., Tamura H. (2008): Preparation of biodegradable chitin/gelatin membranes with GlcNac for tissue engineering applications. Carbohydr. Polym., 73: 456-463.
173. Francis Suh J.K., Matthew H.W.T. (2000): Application of chitosan-based polysaccharides biomaterials in cartilage tissue engineering: a review. Biomaterials, 21: 2589-2598.
174. Juntanon K., Niamlang S., Rujiravanit R., Sirivat A. (2008): Electrically controlled release of sulfosalycilic acid from crooslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel. Int. J. Pharm., 356: 1-11.
175. Liu K.H., Liu T.Y., Chen S.Y., Liu D.M. (2008): Drug release behavior of chitosan-montmorillonite nanocomposite hydrogels following electrostimulation. Acta Biomaterialia, 4: 1038-1045.
176. Don T.M., Huang M.L., Chiu A.C., Kuo K.H., Chiu W.Y., Chiu L.H. (2008): Preparation of thermo-responsive acrylic hydrogels usefull for the application in transdermal drug delivery systems. Mater. Chem. Phys., 107: 266-273.
177. Gavini E., Rassu G., Muzzarelli C., Cossu M., Giunchedi P. (2008): Spray- dried microspheres based on methylpirrolidinone chitosan as new carrier for nasal administration of metaclopramid. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 68: 245-252.
178. Pratoomsoot C., Tanioka H., Hori K., Kawasaki S., Kinoshita S., Tighe PJ., Duad H., Shakesheff K.M., Rosamari F., Rose A.J. (2008): A thermoreversible hydrogel as a biosynthetic bandage for corneal wound repair. Biomaterials, 29: 272-281.
179. Park J.S., Woo D.G., Sun B.K., Chung H.M., Im S.J., Choi Y.M., Park K., Huh K.M., Park K.H. (2007): In vitro and in vivo test of PEG/PCL-based hydrogel scaffold for cell delivery application. J. Control. Release, 124: 51-59.
180. Jones D. (2004): Pharmaceutical Applications of Polymers for Drug Delivery. Vol. 15, Rapra Technology, Shawvury, UK.
181. Ratner B.D., Hoffman A.S., Schoen F.J., Lemons J.E. (1996): Biomaterial Science. Academic Press, USA.
182. Miyazaki S., Suisha F., Kawagachi N. (1998): Thermally reversible xyloglucan gels as a vehicle for rectal drug delivery. J. Controlled Release, 56: 75.
183. Lu S.X., Anseth K.S. (2000): Release behavior of high molecular weight solutes from poly(ethylene glycol)-based degradable networks. Macromolecules, 33: 2509-2515.
184. Lu S.X., Ramirez W.F., Anseth K.S. (2000): Photopolymerized, multilaminated matrix devices with optimized nonuniform initial concentration profiles to control drug release. J. Pharm. Sci, 89: 45-51.
185. Lin C.C., Metters A.T. (2006): Enhanced protein delivery from photopolymerized hydrogels using a pseudospecific metal chelating ligand. Pharm. Res., 23: 614-622.
186. Lin C.C., Metters A.T. (2006): Hydrogels in controlled release formulations: Network design and mathematical modeling. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 58: 1379-1408.
187. Lowman A.M., Peppas N.A. (1999): Solute transport analysis in pH responsive complexing hydrogels of poly(methacrylic acid-g-ethylene glycol). J. Biomater. Sci., Polym. Ed, 10: 999-1009.
188. Zhao X., Harris J.M. (1998): Novel degradable poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels for controlled release of protein. J. Pharm. Sci., 87: 1450-1458.
189. Suisha F., Kawagachi N., Miyazaki S. (1998): Xyloglucan gels as sustained release vehicles fot the intraperitoneal administration of mitomycin C. Int. J. Pharm., 172: 27.
190. Peppas N.A., Bures P., Leobandung W., Ichikawa H. (2000): Hydrogels in pharmaceutical formulations. Eur J. Pharm. Biopharm., 50: 27-46.