메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 55, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 7-31

Assessing exposure to phthalates - The human biomonitoring approach

Author keywords

Biomonitoring; Daily intake; Exposure assessment; Phthalates; Risk assessment

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA;

EID: 78650877458     PISSN: 16134125     EISSN: 16134133     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201000121     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (649)

References (208)
  • 1
    • 78650858185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AgPU, Plastizicers market data, Arbeitsgemeinschaft PVC und Umwelt e.V., Bonn, Germany.
    • AgPU, Plastizicers market data, Arbeitsgemeinschaft PVC und Umwelt e.V., 2006, Bonn, Germany.
    • (2006)
  • 2
    • 78650858539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ECB, European Union Risk Assessment Report for 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-C8-10-branched alkyl esters, C9-rich and di-"isononyl" phthalate (DINP) (Final Report 2003), European Chemical Bureau, Ispra, Italy.
    • ECB, European Union Risk Assessment Report for 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-C8-10-branched alkyl esters, C9-rich and di-"isononyl" phthalate (DINP) (Final Report 2003), 2003, European Chemical Bureau, Ispra, Italy.
    • (2003)
  • 3
    • 78650872398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ECB, European Union Risk Assessment Report for 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-C9-11-branched alkyl esters, C10-rich and di-"isodecyl" phthalate (DIDP) (Final Report), European Chemicals Bureau, Ispra, Italy.
    • ECB, European Union Risk Assessment Report for 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-C9-11-branched alkyl esters, C10-rich and di-"isodecyl" phthalate (DIDP) (Final Report), 2003, European Chemicals Bureau, Ispra, Italy.
    • (2003)
  • 4
    • 78650923348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ECB, European Union Risk Assessment Report for dibutyl phthalate (with addendum 2004), European Chemicals Bureau, Ispra, Italy.
    • ECB, European Union Risk Assessment Report for dibutyl phthalate (with addendum 2004), 2004, European Chemicals Bureau, Ispra, Italy.
    • (2004)
  • 5
    • 78650873553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ECB, European Union Risk Assessment Report for Benzyl Butyl Phthalate (Final Report 2007), European Chemicals Bureau, Ispra, Italy.
    • ECB, European Union Risk Assessment Report for Benzyl Butyl Phthalate (Final Report 2007), 2007, European Chemicals Bureau, Ispra, Italy.
    • (2007)
  • 6
    • 78650859299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ECB, European Union Risk Assessment Report for Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (Final Report 2008), European Chemicals Bureau, Ispra, Italy.
    • ECB, European Union Risk Assessment Report for Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (Final Report 2008), 2008, European Chemicals Bureau, Ispra, Italy.
    • (2008)
  • 7
    • 0036754969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NTP Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction: phthalates expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of di-n-octyl phthalate
    • Kavlock, R., Boekelheide, K., Chapin, R., Cunningham, M. et al., NTP Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction: phthalates expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of di-n-octyl phthalate. Reprod. Toxicol. 2002, 16, 721-734.
    • (2002) Reprod. Toxicol. , vol.16 , pp. 721-734
    • Kavlock, R.1    Boekelheide, K.2    Chapin, R.3    Cunningham, M.4
  • 8
    • 0036755741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NTP Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction: phthalates expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of di-n-hexyl phthalate
    • Kavlock, R., Boekelheide, K., Chapin, R., Cunningham, M. et al., NTP Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction: phthalates expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of di-n-hexyl phthalate. Reprod. Toxicol. 2002, 16, 709-719.
    • (2002) Reprod. Toxicol. , vol.16 , pp. 709-719
    • Kavlock, R.1    Boekelheide, K.2    Chapin, R.3    Cunningham, M.4
  • 9
    • 0036754969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NTP Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction: phthalates expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of di-isononyl phthalate
    • Kavlock, R., Boekelheide, K., Chapin, R., Cunningham, M. et al., NTP Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction: phthalates expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of di-isononyl phthalate. Reprod. Toxicol. 2002, 16, 679-708.
    • (2002) Reprod. Toxicol. , vol.16 , pp. 679-708
    • Kavlock, R.1    Boekelheide, K.2    Chapin, R.3    Cunningham, M.4
  • 10
    • 0036754969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NTP Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction: phthalates expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of di-isodecyl phthalate
    • Kavlock, R., Boekelheide, K., Chapin, R., Cunningham, M. et al., NTP Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction: phthalates expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of di-isodecyl phthalate. Reprod. Toxicol. 2002, 16, 655-678.
    • (2002) Reprod. Toxicol. , vol.16 , pp. 655-678
    • Kavlock, R.1    Boekelheide, K.2    Chapin, R.3    Cunningham, M.4
  • 11
    • 0036755741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NTP Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction: phthalates expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
    • Kavlock, R., Boekelheide, K., Chapin, R., Cunningham, M. et al., NTP Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction: phthalates expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Reprod. Toxicol. 2002, 16, 529-653.
    • (2002) Reprod. Toxicol. , vol.16 , pp. 529-653
    • Kavlock, R.1    Boekelheide, K.2    Chapin, R.3    Cunningham, M.4
  • 12
    • 0036754969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NTP Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction: phthalates expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of di-n-butyl phthalate
    • Kavlock, R., Boekelheide, K., Chapin, R., Cunningham, M. et al., NTP Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction: phthalates expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of di-n-butyl phthalate. Reprod. Toxicol. 2002, 16, 489-527.
    • (2002) Reprod. Toxicol. , vol.16 , pp. 489-527
    • Kavlock, R.1    Boekelheide, K.2    Chapin, R.3    Cunningham, M.4
  • 13
    • 0036756190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NTP Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction: phthalates expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of butyl benzyl phthalate
    • Kavlock, R., Boekelheide, K., Chapin, R., Cunningham, M. et al., NTP Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction: phthalates expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of butyl benzyl phthalate. Reprod. Toxicol. 2002, 16, 453-487.
    • (2002) Reprod. Toxicol. , vol.16 , pp. 453-487
    • Kavlock, R.1    Boekelheide, K.2    Chapin, R.3    Cunningham, M.4
  • 14
    • 33750945353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NTP-CERHR expert panel update on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
    • Kavlock, R., Barr, D., Boekelheide, K., Breslin, W. et al., NTP-CERHR expert panel update on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Reprod. Toxicol. 2006, 22, 291-399.
    • (2006) Reprod. Toxicol. , vol.22 , pp. 291-399
    • Kavlock, R.1    Barr, D.2    Boekelheide, K.3    Breslin, W.4
  • 15
    • 84975746690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry
    • in: Staples, C. A. (Ed.), Springer, New York
    • Stanley, M. K., Robillard, K. A., Staples, C. A., in: Staples, C. A. (Ed.), The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Springer, New York 2003, pp. 1-7.
    • (2003) , pp. 1-7
    • Stanley, M.K.1    Robillard, K.A.2    Staples, C.A.3
  • 16
    • 0012550816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internal exposure of the general population to DEHP and other phthalates - determination of secondary and primary phthalate monoester metabolites in urine
    • Koch, H. M., Rossbach, B., Drexler, H., Angerer, J., Internal exposure of the general population to DEHP and other phthalates - determination of secondary and primary phthalate monoester metabolites in urine. Environ. Res. 2003, 93, 177-185.
    • (2003) Environ. Res. , vol.93 , pp. 177-185
    • Koch, H.M.1    Rossbach, B.2    Drexler, H.3    Angerer, J.4
  • 17
    • 1542686315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary levels of seven phthalate metabolites in the US population from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000
    • Silva, M. J., Barr, D. B., Reidy, J. A., Malek, N. A. et al., Urinary levels of seven phthalate metabolites in the US population from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000. Environ. Health Perspect. 2004, 112, 331-338.
    • (2004) Environ. Health Perspect , vol.112 , pp. 331-338
    • Silva, M.J.1    Barr, D.B.2    Reidy, J.A.3    Malek, N.A.4
  • 18
    • 0033693113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levels of seven urinary phthalate metabolites in a human reference population
    • Blount, B. C., Silva, M. J., Caudill, S. P., Needham, L. L. et al., Levels of seven urinary phthalate metabolites in a human reference population. Environ. Health Perspect. 2000, 108, 979-982.
    • (2000) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.108 , pp. 979-982
    • Blount, B.C.1    Silva, M.J.2    Caudill, S.P.3    Needham, L.L.4
  • 19
    • 34247201634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internal phthalate exposure over the last two decades - a retrospective human biomonitoring study
    • Wittassek, M., Wiesmuller, G. A., Koch, H. M., Eckard, R. et al., Internal phthalate exposure over the last two decades - a retrospective human biomonitoring study. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2007, 210, 319-333.
    • (2007) Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health , vol.210 , pp. 319-333
    • Wittassek, M.1    Wiesmuller, G.A.2    Koch, H.M.3    Eckard, R.4
  • 20
    • 0034021024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-dependent alterations in androgen-regulated male reproductive development in rats exposed to di(n-butyl) phthalate during late gestation
    • Mylchreest, E., Wallace, D. G., Cattley, R. C., Foster, P. M. D., Dose-dependent alterations in androgen-regulated male reproductive development in rats exposed to di(n-butyl) phthalate during late gestation. Toxicol. Sci. 2000, 55, 143-151.
    • (2000) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.55 , pp. 143-151
    • Mylchreest, E.1    Wallace, D.G.2    Cattley, R.C.3    Foster, P.M.D.4
  • 21
    • 4444227801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diverse developmental toxicity of di-n-butyl phthalate in both sexes of rat offspring after maternal exposure during the period from late gestation through lactation
    • Lee, K. Y., Shibutani, M., Takagi, H., Kato, N. et al., Diverse developmental toxicity of di-n-butyl phthalate in both sexes of rat offspring after maternal exposure during the period from late gestation through lactation. Toxicology 2004, 203, 221-238.
    • (2004) Toxicology , vol.203 , pp. 221-238
    • Lee, K.Y.1    Shibutani, M.2    Takagi, H.3    Kato, N.4
  • 22
    • 33645884713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diisobutyl phthalate has comparable anti-androgenic effects to di-n-butyl phthalate in fetal rat testis
    • Borch, J., Axelstad, M., Vinggaard, A. M., Dalgaard, M., Diisobutyl phthalate has comparable anti-androgenic effects to di-n-butyl phthalate in fetal rat testis. Toxicol. Lett. 2006, 163, 183-190.
    • (2006) Toxicol. Lett. , vol.163 , pp. 183-190
    • Borch, J.1    Axelstad, M.2    Vinggaard, A.M.3    Dalgaard, M.4
  • 23
    • 33745000306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental toxic effects of diisobutyl phthalate, the methyl-branched analogue of di-n-butyl phthalate, administered by gavage to rats
    • Saillenfait, A. M., Sabate, J. P., Gallissot, F., Developmental toxic effects of diisobutyl phthalate, the methyl-branched analogue of di-n-butyl phthalate, administered by gavage to rats. Toxicol. Lett. 2006, 165, 39-46.
    • (2006) Toxicol. Lett. , vol.165 , pp. 39-46
    • Saillenfait, A.M.1    Sabate, J.P.2    Gallissot, F.3
  • 24
    • 53249143967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diisobutyl phthalate impairs the androgen-dependent reproductive development of the male rat
    • Saillenfait, A. M., Sabate, J. P., Gallissot, F., Diisobutyl phthalate impairs the androgen-dependent reproductive development of the male rat. Reprod. Toxicol. 2008, 26, 107-115.
    • (2008) Reprod. Toxicol. , vol.26 , pp. 107-115
    • Saillenfait, A.M.1    Sabate, J.P.2    Gallissot, F.3
  • 25
    • 0034521058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The plasticizer diethylhexyl phthalate induces malformations by decreasing fetal testosterone synthesis during sexual differentiation in the male rat
    • Parks, L. G., Ostby, J. S., Lambright, C. R., Abbott, B. D. et al., The plasticizer diethylhexyl phthalate induces malformations by decreasing fetal testosterone synthesis during sexual differentiation in the male rat. Toxicol. Sci. 2000, 58, 339-349.
    • (2000) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.58 , pp. 339-349
    • Parks, L.G.1    Ostby, J.S.2    Lambright, C.R.3    Abbott, B.D.4
  • 26
    • 4444354867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multigeneration Reproduction Toxicity Study in Rats: Diethylhexylphthalate: Multigenerational Reproductive Assessment by Continuous Breeding When Administered to Sprague-Dawley Rats in The Diet
    • TherImmune Research Corporation, Gaithersburg, Maryland.
    • Wolfe, G. W., Layton, K. A., Multigeneration Reproduction Toxicity Study in Rats: Diethylhexylphthalate: Multigenerational Reproductive Assessment by Continuous Breeding When Administered to Sprague-Dawley Rats in The Diet, TherImmune Research Corporation, Gaithersburg, Maryland 2003.
    • (2003)
    • Wolfe, G.W.1    Layton, K.A.2
  • 27
    • 0034523473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perinatal exposure to the phthalates DEHP, BBP, and DINP, but not DEP, DMP, or DOTP, alters sexual differentiation of the male rat
    • Gray, L. E., Ostby, J., Furr, J., Price, M. et al., Perinatal exposure to the phthalates DEHP, BBP, and DINP, but not DEP, DMP, or DOTP, alters sexual differentiation of the male rat. Toxicol. Sci. 2000, 58, 350-365.
    • (2000) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.58 , pp. 350-365
    • Gray, L.E.1    Ostby, J.2    Furr, J.3    Price, M.4
  • 28
    • 33749659139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dose response study following in utero and lactational exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP): reproductive effects on adult male offspring rats
    • Andrade, A. J., Grande, S. W., Talsness, C. E., Gericke, C. et al., A dose response study following in utero and lactational exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP): reproductive effects on adult male offspring rats. Toxicology 2006, 228, 85-97.
    • (2006) Toxicology , vol.228 , pp. 85-97
    • Andrade, A.J.1    Grande, S.W.2    Talsness, C.E.3    Gericke, C.4
  • 29
    • 0033653315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of butyl benzyl phthalate in Sprague-Dawley rats after gavage administration: a two-generation reproductive study
    • Nagao, T., Ohta, R., Marumo, H., Shindo, T. et al., Effect of butyl benzyl phthalate in Sprague-Dawley rats after gavage administration: a two-generation reproductive study. Reprod. Toxicol. 2000, 14, 513-532.
    • (2000) Reprod. Toxicol. , vol.14 , pp. 513-532
    • Nagao, T.1    Ohta, R.2    Marumo, H.3    Shindo, T.4
  • 30
    • 1542408707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive toxicity evaluation of dietary butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) in rats
    • Tyl, R. W., Myers, C. B., Marr, M. C., Fail, P. A. et al., Reproductive toxicity evaluation of dietary butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) in rats. Reprod. Toxicol. 2004, 18, 241-264.
    • (2004) Reprod. Toxicol. , vol.18 , pp. 241-264
    • Tyl, R.W.1    Myers, C.B.2    Marr, M.C.3    Fail, P.A.4
  • 31
    • 0842285399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steroidogenesis in fetal male rats is reduced by DEHP and DINP, but endocrine effects of DEHP are not modulated by DEHA in fetal, prepubertal and adult male rats
    • Borch, J., Ladefoged, O., Hass, U., Vinggaard, A. M., Steroidogenesis in fetal male rats is reduced by DEHP and DINP, but endocrine effects of DEHP are not modulated by DEHA in fetal, prepubertal and adult male rats. Reprod. Toxicol. 2004, 18, 53-61.
    • (2004) Reprod. Toxicol. , vol.18 , pp. 53-61
    • Borch, J.1    Ladefoged, O.2    Hass, U.3    Vinggaard, A.M.4
  • 32
    • 1342322768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How strong is the evidence of a link between environmental chemicals and adverse effects on human reproductive health?
    • Sharpe, R. M., Irvine, D. S., How strong is the evidence of a link between environmental chemicals and adverse effects on human reproductive health? Br. Med. J. 2004, 328, 447-451.
    • (2004) Br. Med. J. , vol.328 , pp. 447-451
    • Sharpe, R.M.1    Irvine, D.S.2
  • 33
    • 33645220588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of reproductive development in male rat offspring following in utero exposure to phthalate esters
    • Foster, P. M. D., Disruption of reproductive development in male rat offspring following in utero exposure to phthalate esters. Int. J. Androl. 2006, 29, 140-147.
    • (2006) Int. J. Androl. , vol.29 , pp. 140-147
    • Foster, P.M.D.1
  • 34
    • 0034523473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perinatal exposure to the phthalates DEHP, BBP, and DINP, but not DEP, DMP, or DOTP, alters sexual differentiation of the male rat
    • Gray, L. E., Ostby, J., Furr, J., Price, M. et al., Perinatal exposure to the phthalates DEHP, BBP, and DINP, but not DEP, DMP, or DOTP, alters sexual differentiation of the male rat. Toxicol. Sci. 2000, 58, 350-365.
    • (2000) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.58 , pp. 350-365
    • Gray, L.E.1    Ostby, J.2    Furr, J.3    Price, M.4
  • 35
    • 52949122185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of action of phthalate esters, individually and in combination, to induce abnormal reproductive development in male laboratory rats
    • Howdeshell, K. L., Rider, C. V., Wilson, V. S., Gray, L. E., Mechanisms of action of phthalate esters, individually and in combination, to induce abnormal reproductive development in male laboratory rats. Environ. Res. 2008, 108, 168-176.
    • (2008) Environ. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 168-176
    • Howdeshell, K.L.1    Rider, C.V.2    Wilson, V.S.3    Gray, L.E.4
  • 36
    • 33645220588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of reproductive development in male rat offspring following in utero exposure to phthalate esters
    • Foster, P. M., Disruption of reproductive development in male rat offspring following in utero exposure to phthalate esters. Int. J. Androl. 2006, 29, 140-147.
    • (2006) Int. J. Androl. , vol.29 , pp. 140-147
    • Foster, P.M.1
  • 37
    • 40349089612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diverse mechanisms of anti-androgen action: impact on male rat reproductive tract development
    • Wilson, V. S., Blystone, C. R., Hotchkiss, A. K., Rider, C. V. et al., Diverse mechanisms of anti-androgen action: impact on male rat reproductive tract development. Int. J. Androl. 2008, 31, 178-187.
    • (2008) Int. J. Androl. , vol.31 , pp. 178-187
    • Wilson, V.S.1    Blystone, C.R.2    Hotchkiss, A.K.3    Rider, C.V.4
  • 38
    • 0037644424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male reproductive disorders and the role of endocrine disruption: advances in understanding and identification of areas for future research
    • Sharpe, R. M., Skakkebaek, N. E., Male reproductive disorders and the role of endocrine disruption: advances in understanding and identification of areas for future research. Pure Appl. Chem. 2003, 75, 2023-2038.
    • (2003) Pure Appl. Chem. , vol.75 , pp. 2023-2038
    • Sharpe, R.M.1    Skakkebaek, N.E.2
  • 39
    • 33645233817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible impact of phthalates on infant reproductive health
    • Lottrup, G., Andersson, A. M., Leffers, H., Mortensen, G. K. et al., Possible impact of phthalates on infant reproductive health. Int. J. Androl. 2006, 29, 172-180.
    • (2006) Int. J. Androl. , vol.29 , pp. 172-180
    • Lottrup, G.1    Andersson, A.M.2    Leffers, H.3    Mortensen, G.K.4
  • 40
    • 67650718148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transgenerational effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in the male CRL:CD(SD) rat: added value of assessing multiple offspring per litter
    • Gray, L. E., Barlow, N. J., Howdeshell, K. L., Ostby, J. S. et al., Transgenerational effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in the male CRL:CD(SD) rat: added value of assessing multiple offspring per litter. Toxicol. Sci. 2009, 110, 411-425.
    • (2009) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.110 , pp. 411-425
    • Gray, L.E.1    Barlow, N.J.2    Howdeshell, K.L.3    Ostby, J.S.4
  • 41
    • 0038092279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocrine disrupters and testicular dysgenesis syndrome
    • Skakkebaek, N. E., Endocrine disrupters and testicular dysgenesis syndrome. Horm. Res. 2002, 57, 43.
    • (2002) Horm. Res. , vol.57 , pp. 43
    • Skakkebaek, N.E.1
  • 42
    • 0035004535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: an increasingly common developmental disorder with environmental aspects
    • Skakkebaek, N. E., Rajpert-De Meyts, E., Main, K. M., Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: an increasingly common developmental disorder with environmental aspects. Hum. Reprod. 2001, 16, 972-978.
    • (2001) Hum. Reprod. , vol.16 , pp. 972-978
    • Skakkebaek, N.E.1    Rajpert-De Meyts, E.2    Main, K.M.3
  • 43
    • 41749092093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: mechanistic insights and potential new downstream effects
    • Sharpe, R. M., Skakkebaek, N. E., Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: mechanistic insights and potential new downstream effects. Fertil. Steril. 2008, 89, e33-e38.
    • (2008) Fertil. Steril. , vol.89
    • Sharpe, R.M.1    Skakkebaek, N.E.2
  • 44
    • 52949101044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental phthalate exposure in relation to reproductive outcomes and other health endpoints in humans
    • Swan, S. H., Environmental phthalate exposure in relation to reproductive outcomes and other health endpoints in humans. Environ. Res. 2008, 108, 177-184.
    • (2008) Environ. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 177-184
    • Swan, S.H.1
  • 45
    • 33750482232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered semen quality in relation to urinary concentrations of phthalate monoester and oxidative metabolites
    • Hauser, R., Meeker, J. D., Duty, S., Silva, M. J. et al., Altered semen quality in relation to urinary concentrations of phthalate monoester and oxidative metabolites. Epidemiology 2006, 17, 682-691.
    • (2006) Epidemiology , vol.17 , pp. 682-691
    • Hauser, R.1    Meeker, J.D.2    Duty, S.3    Silva, M.J.4
  • 46
    • 1242275292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between environmental exposure to phthalates and computer-aided sperm analysis motion parameters
    • Duty, S. M., Calafat, A. M., Silva, M. J., Brock, J. W. et al., The relationship between environmental exposure to phthalates and computer-aided sperm analysis motion parameters. J. Androl. 2004, 25, 293-302.
    • (2004) J. Androl. , vol.25 , pp. 293-302
    • Duty, S.M.1    Calafat, A.M.2    Silva, M.J.3    Brock, J.W.4
  • 47
    • 0037996292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phthalate exposure and human semen parameters
    • Duty, S. M., Silva, M. J., Barr, D. B., Brock, J. W. et al., Phthalate exposure and human semen parameters. Epidemiology 2003, 14, 269-277.
    • (2003) Epidemiology , vol.14 , pp. 269-277
    • Duty, S.M.1    Silva, M.J.2    Barr, D.B.3    Brock, J.W.4
  • 48
    • 34247892413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA damage in human sperm is related to urinary levels of phthalate monoester and oxidative metabolites
    • Hauser, R., Meeker, J. D., Singh, N. P., Silva, M. J. et al., DNA damage in human sperm is related to urinary levels of phthalate monoester and oxidative metabolites. Hum. Reprod. 2007, 22, 688-695.
    • (2007) Hum. Reprod. , vol.22 , pp. 688-695
    • Hauser, R.1    Meeker, J.D.2    Singh, N.P.3    Silva, M.J.4
  • 49
    • 0042197599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between environmental exposures to phthalates and DNA damage in human sperm using the neutral comet assay
    • Duty, S. M., Singh, N. P., Silva, M. J., Barr, D. B. et al., The relationship between environmental exposures to phthalates and DNA damage in human sperm using the neutral comet assay. Environ. Health Perspect. 2003, 111, 1164-1169.
    • (2003) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.111 , pp. 1164-1169
    • Duty, S.M.1    Singh, N.P.2    Silva, M.J.3    Barr, D.B.4
  • 50
    • 15844419037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phthalate exposure and reproductive hormones in adult men
    • Duty, S. M., Calafat, A. M., Silva, M. J., Ryan, L. et al., Phthalate exposure and reproductive hormones in adult men. Hum. Reprod. 2005, 20, 604-610.
    • (2005) Hum. Reprod. , vol.20 , pp. 604-610
    • Duty, S.M.1    Calafat, A.M.2    Silva, M.J.3    Ryan, L.4
  • 51
    • 23744469802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with prenatal phthalate exposure
    • Swan, S. H., Main, K. M., Liu, F., Stewart, S. L. et al., Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with prenatal phthalate exposure. Environ. Health Perspect. 2005, 113, 1056-1061.
    • (2005) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.113 , pp. 1056-1061
    • Swan, S.H.1    Main, K.M.2    Liu, F.3    Stewart, S.L.4
  • 52
    • 34250184495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentrations of urinary phthalate metabolites are associated with increased waist circumference and insulin resistance in adult US males
    • Stahlhut, R. W., Van Wijngaarden, E., Dye, T. D., Cook, S. et al., Concentrations of urinary phthalate metabolites are associated with increased waist circumference and insulin resistance in adult US males. Environ. Health Perspect. 2007, 115, 876-882.
    • (2007) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.115 , pp. 876-882
    • Stahlhut, R.W.1    Van Wijngaarden, E.2    Dye, T.D.3    Cook, S.4
  • 53
    • 46149094851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations with body mass index and waist circumference: a cross-sectional study of NHANES data, 1999-2002
    • Hatch, E. E., Nelson, J. W., Qureshi, M. M., Weinberg, J. et al., Association of urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations with body mass index and waist circumference: a cross-sectional study of NHANES data, 1999-2002. Environ. Health 2008, 7, 27.
    • (2008) Environ. Health , vol.7 , pp. 27
    • Hatch, E.E.1    Nelson, J.W.2    Qureshi, M.M.3    Weinberg, J.4
  • 54
    • 77949600626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of endocrine disruptors and obesity: perspectives from epidemiological studies
    • Hatch, E. E., Nelson, J. W., Stahlhut, R. W., Webster, T. F., Association of endocrine disruptors and obesity: perspectives from epidemiological studies. Int. J. Androl 2010, 33, 324-332.
    • (2010) Int. J. Androl , vol.33 , pp. 324-332
    • Hatch, E.E.1    Nelson, J.W.2    Stahlhut, R.W.3    Webster, T.F.4
  • 55
    • 77951696100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal phthalate exposure is associated with childhood behavior and executive functioning
    • Engel, S. M., Miodovnik, A., Canfield, R. L., Zhu, C. et al., Prenatal phthalate exposure is associated with childhood behavior and executive functioning. Environ. Health Perspect. 2010, 118, 565-571.
    • (2010) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.118 , pp. 565-571
    • Engel, S.M.1    Miodovnik, A.2    Canfield, R.L.3    Zhu, C.4
  • 56
    • 77949587706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal phthalate exposure and reduced masculine play in boys
    • Swan, S. H., Liu, F., Hines, M., Kruse, R. L. et al., Prenatal phthalate exposure and reduced masculine play in boys. Int. J. Androl 2010, 33, 259-269.
    • (2010) Int. J. Androl , vol.33 , pp. 259-269
    • Swan, S.H.1    Liu, F.2    Hines, M.3    Kruse, R.L.4
  • 57
    • 33645221142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse effects of environmental antiandrogens and androgens on reproductive development in mammals
    • Gray, L. E., Wilson, V. S., Stoker, T., Lambright, C. et al., Adverse effects of environmental antiandrogens and androgens on reproductive development in mammals. Int. J. Androl. 2006, 29, 96-104.
    • (2006) Int. J. Androl. , vol.29 , pp. 96-104
    • Gray, L.E.1    Wilson, V.S.2    Stoker, T.3    Lambright, C.4
  • 58
    • 40349110847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mixture of seven antiandrogens induces reproductive malformations in rats
    • Rider, C. V., Furr, J., Wilson, V. S., Gray, L. E., Jr., A mixture of seven antiandrogens induces reproductive malformations in rats. Int. J. Androl. 2008, 31, 249-262.
    • (2008) Int. J. Androl. , vol.31 , pp. 249-262
    • Rider, C.V.1    Furr, J.2    Wilson, V.S.3    Gray Jr, L.E.4
  • 59
    • 34547896247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cumulative effects of dibutyl phthalate and diethylhexyl phthalate on male rat reproductive tract development: altered fetal steroid hormones and genes
    • Howdeshell, K. L., Furr, J., Lambright, C. R., Rider, C. V. et al., Cumulative effects of dibutyl phthalate and diethylhexyl phthalate on male rat reproductive tract development: altered fetal steroid hormones and genes. Toxicol. Sci. 2007, 99, 190-202.
    • (2007) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.99 , pp. 190-202
    • Howdeshell, K.L.1    Furr, J.2    Lambright, C.R.3    Rider, C.V.4
  • 60
    • 62749155762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cumulative effects of in utero administration of mixtures of "antiandrogens" on male rat reproductive development
    • Rider, C. V., Wilson, V. S., Howdeshell, K. L., Hotchkiss, A. K. et al., Cumulative effects of in utero administration of mixtures of "antiandrogens" on male rat reproductive development. Toxicol. Pathol. 2009, 37, 100-113.
    • (2009) Toxicol. Pathol. , vol.37 , pp. 100-113
    • Rider, C.V.1    Wilson, V.S.2    Howdeshell, K.L.3    Hotchkiss, A.K.4
  • 61
    • 75349094919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergistic disruption of external male sex organ development by a mixture of four antiandrogens
    • Christiansen, S., Scholze, M., Dalgaard, M., Vinggaard, A. M. et al., Synergistic disruption of external male sex organ development by a mixture of four antiandrogens. Environ. Health Perspect. 2009, 117, 1839-1846.
    • (2009) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.117 , pp. 1839-1846
    • Christiansen, S.1    Scholze, M.2    Dalgaard, M.3    Vinggaard, A.M.4
  • 62
    • 67651005706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phthalates and Cumulative Risk Assessment - The Task Ahead
    • Committee on the Health Risks of Phthalates, The National Academies Press, Washington.
    • Committee on the Health Risks of Phthalates, Phthalates and Cumulative Risk Assessment - The Task Ahead, The National Academies Press, Washington, 2008.
    • (2008)
  • 63
    • 78650875369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ECB, The European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances (EUSES). European Chemicals Bureau (ECB).
    • ECB, The European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances (EUSES). European Chemicals Bureau (ECB) 2007.
    • (2007)
  • 64
    • 20144370004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European union system for the evaluation of substances: the second version
    • Attias, L., Boccardi, P., Boeije, G., Brooke, D. et al., European union system for the evaluation of substances: the second version. Chemosphere 2005, 59, 473-485.
    • (2005) Chemosphere , vol.59 , pp. 473-485
    • Attias, L.1    Boccardi, P.2    Boeije, G.3    Brooke, D.4
  • 65
    • 78650855548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, Measuring the bioavailability of human dietary intake of PAH, phthalates and aromatic hydrocarbons. Report prepared for the Food Standards Agency, London, UK.
    • Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, Measuring the bioavailability of human dietary intake of PAH, phthalates and aromatic hydrocarbons. Report prepared for the Food Standards Agency, 2003, London, UK.
    • (2003)
  • 66
    • 35448936722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessments of direct human exposure: the approach of EU risk assessments compared to scenario-based risk assessment
    • Wormuth, M., Demou, E., Scheringer, M., Hungerbuhler, K., Assessments of direct human exposure: the approach of EU risk assessments compared to scenario-based risk assessment. Risk Anal. 2007, 27, 979-990.
    • (2007) Risk Anal. , vol.27 , pp. 979-990
    • Wormuth, M.1    Demou, E.2    Scheringer, M.3    Hungerbuhler, K.4
  • 67
    • 0035384506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of human exposure modeling activities at the USEPA's National Exposure Research Laboratory
    • Furtaw, E. J., Jr., An overview of human exposure modeling activities at the USEPA's National Exposure Research Laboratory. Toxicol. Ind. Health 2001, 17, 302-314.
    • (2001) Toxicol. Ind. Health , vol.17 , pp. 302-314
    • Furtaw Jr, E.J.1
  • 68
    • 34249702346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential sources of background contaminants in solid phase extraction and microextraction
    • Stiles, R., Yang, I., Lippincott, R. L., Murphy, E. et al., Potential sources of background contaminants in solid phase extraction and microextraction. J. Sep. Sci. 2007, 30, 1029-1036.
    • (2007) J. Sep. Sci. , vol.30 , pp. 1029-1036
    • Stiles, R.1    Yang, I.2    Lippincott, R.L.3    Murphy, E.4
  • 70
    • 33845653663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blank problems in trace analysis of diethylhexyl and dibutyl phthalate: investigation of the sources, tips and tricks
    • Fankhauser-Noti, A., Grob, K., Blank problems in trace analysis of diethylhexyl and dibutyl phthalate: investigation of the sources, tips and tricks. Anal. Chim. Acta 2007, 582, 353-360.
    • (2007) Anal. Chim. Acta , vol.582 , pp. 353-360
    • Fankhauser-Noti, A.1    Grob, K.2
  • 71
    • 58449099575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstructing population exposures to environmental chemicals from biomarkers: challenges and opportunities
    • Georgopoulos, P. G., Sasso, A. F., Isukapalli, S. S., Lioy, P. J. et al., Reconstructing population exposures to environmental chemicals from biomarkers: challenges and opportunities. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 2009, 19, 149-171.
    • (2009) J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. , vol.19 , pp. 149-171
    • Georgopoulos, P.G.1    Sasso, A.F.2    Isukapalli, S.S.3    Lioy, P.J.4
  • 72
    • 45349089576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biologically based modeling of multimedia, multipathway, multiroute population exposures to arsenic
    • Georgopoulos, P. G., Wang, S. W., Yang, Y. C., Xue, J. et al., Biologically based modeling of multimedia, multipathway, multiroute population exposures to arsenic. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 2008, 18, 462-476.
    • (2008) J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. , vol.18 , pp. 462-476
    • Georgopoulos, P.G.1    Wang, S.W.2    Yang, Y.C.3    Xue, J.4
  • 74
    • 33747882047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategic biomonitoring initiatives: moving the science forward
    • Angerer, J., Bird, M. G., Burke, T. A., Doerrer, N. G. et al., Strategic biomonitoring initiatives: moving the science forward. Toxicol. Sci. 2006, 93, 3-10.
    • (2006) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.93 , pp. 3-10
    • Angerer, J.1    Bird, M.G.2    Burke, T.A.3    Doerrer, N.G.4
  • 77
    • 0034526289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing children's exposure to hazardous environmental chemicals: an overview of selected research challenges and complexities
    • Needham, L. L., Sexton, K., Assessing children's exposure to hazardous environmental chemicals: an overview of selected research challenges and complexities. J. Expos. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. 2000, 10, 611-629.
    • (2000) J. Expos. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. , vol.10 , pp. 611-629
    • Needham, L.L.1    Sexton, K.2
  • 79
    • 78650916831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, bergang von Phthalaten aus Twist off-Deckeln in Lebensmittel - Aktualisierte Stellungnahme Nr. 025/2007, Berlin, Germany.
    • Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Übergang von Phthalaten aus Twist off-Deckeln in Lebensmittel - Aktualisierte Stellungnahme Nr. 025/2007, 2007, Berlin, Germany.
    • (2007)
  • 80
    • 84975760234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 3Q. Phthalate Esters
    • in: Staples, C. (Ed.), Springer, New York
    • Clark, K., Cousins, I., MacKay, D., in: Staples, C. (Ed.), The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 3Q. Phthalate Esters. Springer, New York 2003, pp. 227-262.
    • (2003) , pp. 227-262
    • Clark, K.1    Cousins, I.2    MacKay, D.3
  • 81
    • 33745453647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What are the sources of exposure to eight frequently used phthalic acid esters in Europeans?
    • Wormuth, M., Scheringer, M., Vollenweider, M., Hungerbuhler, K., What are the sources of exposure to eight frequently used phthalic acid esters in Europeans? Risk Anal. 2006, 26, 803-824.
    • (2006) Risk Anal. , vol.26 , pp. 803-824
    • Wormuth, M.1    Scheringer, M.2    Vollenweider, M.3    Hungerbuhler, K.4
  • 82
    • 0034063586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasticizers in total diet samples, baby food and infant formulae
    • Peterson, J. H., Breindahl, T., Plasticizers in total diet samples, baby food and infant formulae. Food Addit. Contam. 2000, 17, 133-141.
    • (2000) Food Addit. Contam. , vol.17 , pp. 133-141
    • Peterson, J.H.1    Breindahl, T.2
  • 83
    • 78650895610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MAFF, Survey of plasticiser levels in food contact materials and in foods. Food Surveillance Paper No. 21.
    • MAFF, Survey of plasticiser levels in food contact materials and in foods. Food Surveillance Paper No. 21, 1996.
    • (1996)
  • 84
    • 78650871628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MAFF, Phthalates in food - MAFF UK Food Surveillance Information Sheet No.82, London, UK.
    • MAFF, Phthalates in food - MAFF UK Food Surveillance Information Sheet No.82, 1996, London, UK.
    • (1996)
  • 85
    • 78650853707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MAFF, Phthalates in Infant Formulae - Follow-up Survey. MAFF UK Food Surveillance Information Sheet No. 168, London, UK.
    • MAFF, Phthalates in Infant Formulae - Follow-up Survey. MAFF UK Food Surveillance Information Sheet No. 168, 1998, London, UK.
    • (1998)
  • 86
    • 14644412249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human Exposure to Selected Phthalates in Denmark
    • Søborg, Denmark.
    • Müller, A. K., Nielsen, E., Ladefoget, O., Human Exposure to Selected Phthalates in Denmark, Søborg, Denmark 2003.
    • (2003)
    • Müller, A.K.1    Nielsen, E.2    Ladefoget, O.3
  • 87
    • 0027998196 scopus 로고
    • Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate - evaluation of risks to health from environmental exposure in Canada
    • Meek, M. E., Chan, P. K. L., Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate - evaluation of risks to health from environmental exposure in Canada. J. Environ. Sci. Health C Environ. Carcinog. Ecotoxicol. Rev. 1994, 12, 179-194.
    • (1994) J. Environ. Sci. Health C Environ. Carcinog. Ecotoxicol. Rev. , vol.12 , pp. 179-194
    • Meek, M.E.1    Chan, P.K.L.2
  • 88
    • 32044470078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human breast milk contamination with phthalates and alterations of endogenous reproductive hormones in infants three months of age
    • Main, K. M., Mortensen, G. K., Kaleva, M. M., Boisen, K. A. et al., Human breast milk contamination with phthalates and alterations of endogenous reproductive hormones in infants three months of age. Environ. Health Perspect. 2006, 114, 270-276.
    • (2006) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.114 , pp. 270-276
    • Main, K.M.1    Mortensen, G.K.2    Kaleva, M.M.3    Boisen, K.A.4
  • 89
    • 21244480126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of phthalate monoesters in human milk, consumer milk, and infant formula by tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS)
    • Mortensen, G. K., Main, K. M., Andersson, A. M., Leffers, H. et al., Determination of phthalate monoesters in human milk, consumer milk, and infant formula by tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2005, 382, 1084-1092.
    • (2005) Anal. Bioanal. Chem. , vol.382 , pp. 1084-1092
    • Mortensen, G.K.1    Main, K.M.2    Andersson, A.M.3    Leffers, H.4
  • 90
    • 58549084558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactational exposure to phthalates in Southern Italy
    • Latini, G., Wittassek, M., Del Vecchio, A., Presta, G. et al., Lactational exposure to phthalates in Southern Italy. Environ. Int. 2009, 35, 236-239.
    • (2009) Environ. Int. , vol.35 , pp. 236-239
    • Latini, G.1    Wittassek, M.2    Del Vecchio, A.3    Presta, G.4
  • 91
    • 78650903595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of alimentary abstinence on body burden to phthalates (Poster). International Conference on environmental epidemiology and exposure (ISEE/ISEA), 2-6 September, Paris
    • Koch, H. M., Wittassek, M., Angerer, J., Influence of alimentary abstinence on body burden to phthalates (Poster). International Conference on environmental epidemiology and exposure (ISEE/ISEA), 2-6 September, Paris 2006.
    • (2006)
    • Koch, H.M.1    Wittassek, M.2    Angerer, J.3
  • 92
    • 2442661389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) metabolites in human urine and serum after a single oral dose of deuterium-labelled DEHP
    • Koch, H. M., Bolt, H. M., Angerer, J., Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) metabolites in human urine and serum after a single oral dose of deuterium-labelled DEHP. Arch. Toxicol. 2004, 78, 123-130.
    • (2004) Arch. Toxicol. , vol.78 , pp. 123-130
    • Koch, H.M.1    Bolt, H.M.2    Angerer, J.3
  • 93
    • 22844433529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) in human urine and serum after single oral doses of deuterium-labelled DEHP
    • Koch, H. M., Bolt, H. M., Preuss, R., Angerer, J., New metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) in human urine and serum after single oral doses of deuterium-labelled DEHP. Arch. Toxicol. 2005, 79, 367-376.
    • (2005) Arch. Toxicol. , vol.79 , pp. 367-376
    • Koch, H.M.1    Bolt, H.M.2    Preuss, R.3    Angerer, J.4
  • 94
    • 33846258744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Di-iso-nonylphthalate (DINP) metabolites in human urine after a single oral dose of deuterium-labelled DINP
    • Koch, H. M., Angerer, J., Di-iso-nonylphthalate (DINP) metabolites in human urine after a single oral dose of deuterium-labelled DINP. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2007, 210, 9-19.
    • (2007) Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health , vol.210 , pp. 9-19
    • Koch, H.M.1    Angerer, J.2
  • 95
    • 34848893570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intake of phthalates and di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate: results of the Integrated Exposure Assessment Survey based on duplicate diet samples and biomonitoring data
    • Fromme, H., Gruber, L., Schlummer, M., Wolz, G. et al., Intake of phthalates and di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate: results of the Integrated Exposure Assessment Survey based on duplicate diet samples and biomonitoring data. Environ. Int. 2007, 33, 1012-1020.
    • (2007) Environ. Int. , vol.33 , pp. 1012-1020
    • Fromme, H.1    Gruber, L.2    Schlummer, M.3    Wolz, G.4
  • 96
    • 34447266656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative identification of unknown exposure pathways of phthalates based on measuring their metabolites in human urine
    • Itoh, H., Yoshida, K., Masunaga, S., Quantitative identification of unknown exposure pathways of phthalates based on measuring their metabolites in human urine. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 4542-4547.
    • (2007) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.41 , pp. 4542-4547
    • Itoh, H.1    Yoshida, K.2    Masunaga, S.3
  • 97
    • 20444439278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the effect of governmental control of human exposure to two phthalates in Japan using a urinary biomarker approach
    • Itoh, H., Yoshida, K., Masunaga, S., Evaluation of the effect of governmental control of human exposure to two phthalates in Japan using a urinary biomarker approach. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2005, 208, 237-245.
    • (2005) Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health , vol.208 , pp. 237-245
    • Itoh, H.1    Yoshida, K.2    Masunaga, S.3
  • 98
    • 33645219158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human exposure to phthalates via consumer products
    • Schettler, T., Human exposure to phthalates via consumer products. Int. J. Androl. 2006, 29, 134-139.
    • (2006) Int. J. Androl. , vol.29 , pp. 134-139
    • Schettler, T.1
  • 99
    • 14644401703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plastics additives in the indoor environment - flame retardants and plasticizers
    • Wensing, M., Uhde, E., Salthammer, T., Plastics additives in the indoor environment - flame retardants and plasticizers. Sci. Total Environ. 2005, 339, 19-40.
    • (2005) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.339 , pp. 19-40
    • Wensing, M.1    Uhde, E.2    Salthammer, T.3
  • 100
    • 8444226001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimated exposure to phthalates in cosmetics and risk assessment
    • Koo, H. J., Lee, B. M., Estimated exposure to phthalates in cosmetics and risk assessment. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 2004, 67, 1901-1914.
    • (2004) J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , vol.67 , pp. 1901-1914
    • Koo, H.J.1    Lee, B.M.2
  • 101
    • 70350607831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomonitoring of the di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate in children and adults during the course of time and seasons
    • Hildenbrand, S. L., Wodarz, R., Gabrio, T., Volland, G., Biomonitoring of the di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate in children and adults during the course of time and seasons. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2009, 212, 679-684.
    • (2009) Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health , vol.212 , pp. 679-684
    • Hildenbrand, S.L.1    Wodarz, R.2    Gabrio, T.3    Volland, G.4
  • 102
    • 27744538788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personal care product use predicts urinary concentrations of some phthalate monoesters
    • Duty, S. M., Ackerman, R. M., Calafat, A. M., Hauser, R., Personal care product use predicts urinary concentrations of some phthalate monoesters. Environ. Health Perspect. 2005, 113, 1530-1535.
    • (2005) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.113 , pp. 1530-1535
    • Duty, S.M.1    Ackerman, R.M.2    Calafat, A.M.3    Hauser, R.4
  • 103
    • 38849197063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baby care products: possible sources of infant phthalate exposure
    • Sathyanarayana, S., Karr, C. J., Lozano, P., Brown, E. et al., Baby care products: possible sources of infant phthalate exposure. Pediatrics 2008, 121, e260-e268.
    • (2008) Pediatrics , vol.121
    • Sathyanarayana, S.1    Karr, C.J.2    Lozano, P.3    Brown, E.4
  • 104
    • 40349110850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary excretion of phthalates and paraben after repeated whole-body topical application in humans
    • Janjua, N. R., Frederiksen, H., Skakkebaek, N. E., Wulf, H. C. et al., Urinary excretion of phthalates and paraben after repeated whole-body topical application in humans. Int. J. Androl. 2008, 31, 118-130.
    • (2008) Int. J. Androl. , vol.31 , pp. 118-130
    • Janjua, N.R.1    Frederiksen, H.2    Skakkebaek, N.E.3    Wulf, H.C.4
  • 105
    • 45749129013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of phthalate exposure among pregnant women assessed by repeat air and urine samples
    • Adibi, J. J., Whyatt, R. M., Williams, P. L., Calafat, A. M. et al., Characterization of phthalate exposure among pregnant women assessed by repeat air and urine samples. Environ. Health Perspect. 2008, 116, 467-473.
    • (2008) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.116 , pp. 467-473
    • Adibi, J.J.1    Whyatt, R.M.2    Williams, P.L.3    Calafat, A.M.4
  • 107
    • 0032703518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential health effects of phthalate esters in children's toys: a review and risk assessment
    • Wilkinson, C. F., Lamb, J. C., The potential health effects of phthalate esters in children's toys: a review and risk assessment. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 1999, 30, 140-155.
    • (1999) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.30 , pp. 140-155
    • Wilkinson, C.F.1    Lamb, J.C.2
  • 108
    • 4644241303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk assessment of oral exposure to diisononyl phthalate from children's products
    • Babich, M. A., Chen, S. B., Greene, M. A., Kiss, C. T. et al., Risk assessment of oral exposure to diisononyl phthalate from children's products. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2004, 40, 151-167.
    • (2004) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.40 , pp. 151-167
    • Babich, M.A.1    Chen, S.B.2    Greene, M.A.3    Kiss, C.T.4
  • 109
    • 20644455100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dibutylphthalate (DBP) in medications: are pregnant women and infants at risk?
    • Koch, H. M., Muller, J., Drexler, H., Angerer, J., Dibutylphthalate (DBP) in medications: are pregnant women and infants at risk? Umweltmed Forsch Prax 2005, 10, 144-146.
    • (2005) Umweltmed Forsch Prax , vol.10 , pp. 144-146
    • Koch, H.M.1    Muller, J.2    Drexler, H.3    Angerer, J.4
  • 110
    • 60749106440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medications as a potential source of exposure to phthalates in the US population
    • Hernandez-Diaz, S., Mitchell, A. A., Kelley, K. E., Calafat, A. M. et al., Medications as a potential source of exposure to phthalates in the US population. Environ. Health Perspect. 2009, 117, 185-189.
    • (2009) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.117 , pp. 185-189
    • Hernandez-Diaz, S.1    Mitchell, A.A.2    Kelley, K.E.3    Calafat, A.M.4
  • 112
    • 67349266625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of total and free mono-n-butyl phthalate in human urine samples after medication of a di-n-butyl phthalate containing capsule
    • Seckin, E., Fromme, H., Volkel, W., Determination of total and free mono-n-butyl phthalate in human urine samples after medication of a di-n-butyl phthalate containing capsule. Toxicol. Lett. 2009, 188, 33-37.
    • (2009) Toxicol. Lett. , vol.188 , pp. 33-37
    • Seckin, E.1    Fromme, H.2    Volkel, W.3
  • 113
    • 78650914520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SCENIHR - Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly-Identified Health Risks, Opinion on the safety of medical devices containing DEHP - plasticized PVC or other plasticizers on neonates and other groups possibly at risk, 6-2-, European Commission.
    • SCENIHR - Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly-Identified Health Risks, Opinion on the safety of medical devices containing DEHP - plasticized PVC or other plasticizers on neonates and other groups possibly at risk, 6-2- 2008, European Commission.
    • (2008)
  • 114
    • 78650899347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health Canada, DEHP in Medical Devices: an exposure and toxicity assessment, 2002, Ottawa, Canada.
    • Health Canada, DEHP in Medical Devices: an exposure and toxicity assessment, 2002, Ottawa, Canada.
  • 115
    • 78650906429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FDA. Safety assessment of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) released from PVC medical devices. Rockville, MD, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, 11-8-2003.
    • FDA. Safety assessment of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) released from PVC medical devices. 2001. Rockville, MD, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, 11-8-2003.
    • (2001)
  • 116
    • 33748150941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to phthalates in neonatal intensive care unit infants: urinary concentrations of monoesters and oxidative metabolites
    • Weuve, J., Sanchez, B. N., Calafat, A. M., Schettler, T. et al., Exposure to phthalates in neonatal intensive care unit infants: urinary concentrations of monoesters and oxidative metabolites. Environ. Health Perspect. 2006, 114, 1424-1431.
    • (2006) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.114 , pp. 1424-1431
    • Weuve, J.1    Sanchez, B.N.2    Calafat, A.M.3    Schettler, T.4
  • 117
    • 3242885420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate among premature neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit
    • Calafat, A. M., Needham, L. L., Silva, M. J., Lambert, G., Exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate among premature neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit. Pediatrics 2004, 113, e429-e434.
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.113
    • Calafat, A.M.1    Needham, L.L.2    Silva, M.J.3    Lambert, G.4
  • 118
    • 33645231471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP): human metabolism and internal exposure - an update and latest results
    • Koch, H. M., Preuss, R., Angerer, J., Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP): human metabolism and internal exposure - an update and latest results. Int. J. Androl. 2006, 29, 155-165.
    • (2006) Int. J. Androl. , vol.29 , pp. 155-165
    • Koch, H.M.1    Preuss, R.2    Angerer, J.3
  • 119
    • 33746359640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate exposure of apheresis donors is procedure-related
    • Weisbach, V., Koch, H. M., Angerer, J., Eckstein, R., Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate exposure of apheresis donors is procedure-related. Transfusion 2006, 46, 1457-1458.
    • (2006) Transfusion , vol.46 , pp. 1457-1458
    • Weisbach, V.1    Koch, H.M.2    Angerer, J.3    Eckstein, R.4
  • 120
    • 27344433461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) exposure of voluntary plasma and platelet donors
    • Koch, H. M., Angerer, J., Drexler, H., Eckstein, R. et al., Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) exposure of voluntary plasma and platelet donors. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2005, 208, 489-498.
    • (2005) Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health , vol.208 , pp. 489-498
    • Koch, H.M.1    Angerer, J.2    Drexler, H.3    Eckstein, R.4
  • 121
    • 28444475546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP): metabolites of DEHP in urine after a voluntary platelet donation
    • Koch, H. M., Bolt, H. M., Preuss, R., Eckstein, R. et al., Intravenous exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP): metabolites of DEHP in urine after a voluntary platelet donation. Arch. Toxicol. 2005, 79, 689-693.
    • (2005) Arch. Toxicol. , vol.79 , pp. 689-693
    • Koch, H.M.1    Bolt, H.M.2    Preuss, R.3    Eckstein, R.4
  • 122
    • 73649099871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate metabolites in athletes as screening measure for illicit blood doping: a comparison study with patients receiving blood transfusion
    • Monfort, N., Ventura, R., Latorre, A., Belalcazar, V. et al., Urinary di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate metabolites in athletes as screening measure for illicit blood doping: a comparison study with patients receiving blood transfusion. Transfusion 2010, 50, 145-149.
    • (2010) Transfusion , vol.50 , pp. 145-149
    • Monfort, N.1    Ventura, R.2    Latorre, A.3    Belalcazar, V.4
  • 123
    • 78650906814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Union, Commission Directive 2007/19/EC of 30 March 2007 amending Directive 2002/72/EC relating to plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food and Council Directive 85/572/EEC laying down the list of simulants to be used for testing migration of constituents of plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs.
    • European Union, Commission Directive 2007/19/EC of 30 March 2007 amending Directive 2002/72/EC relating to plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food and Council Directive 85/572/EEC laying down the list of simulants to be used for testing migration of constituents of plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs, 2007.
    • (2007)
  • 124
    • 78650902432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Union, Directive 2005/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2005 amending for the 22nd time Council Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations (phthalates in toys and childcare articles), Council, European Parliament. 12-1-2008.
    • European Union, Directive 2005/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2005 amending for the 22nd time Council Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations (phthalates in toys and childcare articles), 2005. Council, European Parliament. 12-1-2008.
    • (2005)
  • 125
    • 78650912493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Union, Commission Directive 2004/93/EC of 21 September 2004 amending Council Directive 76/768/EEC for the purpose of adapting its Annexes II and III to technical progress. Council, European Parliament. 12-1-2008.
    • European Union, Commission Directive 2004/93/EC of 21 September 2004 amending Council Directive 76/768/EEC for the purpose of adapting its Annexes II and III to technical progress. 2004. Council, European Parliament. 12-1-2008.
    • (2004)
  • 126
    • 78650895224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Union, Directive 2005/90/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 January 2006 amending, for the 29th time, Council Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations (substances classified as carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic to reproduction - c/m/r) Text with EEA relevance, Council, European Parliament. 12-1-2008.
    • European Union, Directive 2005/90/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 January 2006 amending, for the 29th time, Council Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations (substances classified as carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic to reproduction - c/m/r) Text with EEA relevance, 2006. Council, European Parliament. 12-1-2008.
    • (2006)
  • 127
    • 78650856641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Union, Commission Directive 2009/2/EC of 15 January 2009 amending, for the purpose of its adaptation to technical progress, for the 31st time, Council Directive 67/548/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances. European Union.
    • European Union, Commission Directive 2009/2/EC of 15 January 2009 amending, for the purpose of its adaptation to technical progress, for the 31st time, Council Directive 67/548/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances. European Union, 2009.
    • (2009)
  • 128
    • 78650903209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Union, Directive 2003/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003 amending, for the 25th time, Council Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations (substances classified as carcinogens, mutagens or substances toxic to reproduction - c/m/r), 2003. Tertiary Directive 2003/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May.
    • European Union, Directive 2003/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003 amending, for the 25th time, Council Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations (substances classified as carcinogens, mutagens or substances toxic to reproduction - c/m/r), 2003. Tertiary Directive 2003/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003.
    • (2003)
  • 129
    • 67650803296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human body burdens of chemicals used in plastic manufacture
    • Koch, H. M., Calafat, A. M., Human body burdens of chemicals used in plastic manufacture. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 2009, 364, 2063-2078.
    • (2009) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. , vol.364 , pp. 2063-2078
    • Koch, H.M.1    Calafat, A.M.2
  • 130
    • 0035196987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A biomarker approach to measuring human dietary exposure to certain phthalate diesters
    • Anderson, W. A. C., Castle, L., Scotter, M. J., Massey, R. C. et al., A biomarker approach to measuring human dietary exposure to certain phthalate diesters. Food Addit. Contam. 2001, 18, 1068-1074.
    • (2001) Food Addit. Contam. , vol.18 , pp. 1068-1074
    • Anderson, W.A.C.1    Castle, L.2    Scotter, M.J.3    Massey, R.C.4
  • 131
    • 34248647395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of human exposure to di-isodecyl phthalate using oxidative metabolites as biomarkers
    • Silva, M. J., Reidy, J. A., Kato, K., Preau, J. L., Jr. et al., Assessment of human exposure to di-isodecyl phthalate using oxidative metabolites as biomarkers. Biomarkers 2007, 12, 133-144.
    • (2007) Biomarkers , vol.12 , pp. 133-144
    • Silva, M.J.1    Reidy, J.A.2    Kato, K.3    Preau Jr, J.L.4
  • 132
    • 33746893484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative metabolites of diisononyl phthalate as biomarkers for human exposure assessment
    • Silva, M. J., Reidy, J. A., Preau, J. L., Jr., Needham, L. L. et al., Oxidative metabolites of diisononyl phthalate as biomarkers for human exposure assessment. Environ. Health Perspect. 2006, 114, 1158-1161.
    • (2006) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.114 , pp. 1158-1161
    • Silva, M.J.1    Reidy, J.A.2    Preau Jr, J.L.3    Needham, L.L.4
  • 133
    • 32844473762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of eight urinary metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate as biomarkers for human exposure assessment
    • Silva, M. J., Reidy, J. A., Preau, J. L., Samandar, E. et al., Measurement of eight urinary metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate as biomarkers for human exposure assessment. Biomarkers 2006, 11, 1-13.
    • (2006) Biomarkers , vol.11 , pp. 1-13
    • Silva, M.J.1    Reidy, J.A.2    Preau, J.L.3    Samandar, E.4
  • 134
    • 31044434255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary oxidative metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in humans
    • Silva, M. J., Samandar, E., Preau, J. L., Jr., Needham, L. L. et al., Urinary oxidative metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in humans. Toxicology 2006, 219, 22-32.
    • (2006) Toxicology , vol.219 , pp. 22-32
    • Silva, M.J.1    Samandar, E.2    Preau Jr, J.L.3    Needham, L.L.4
  • 135
    • 40349116118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phthalates: metabolism and exposure
    • Wittassek, M., Angerer, J., Phthalates: metabolism and exposure. Int. J. Androl. 2008, 31, 131-138.
    • (2008) Int. J. Androl. , vol.31 , pp. 131-138
    • Wittassek, M.1    Angerer, J.2
  • 137
    • 33748809565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying phthalate metabolites in human meconium and semen using automated off-line solid-phase extraction coupled with on-line SPE and isotope-dilution high-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry
    • Kato, K., Silva, M. J., Needham, L. L., Calafat, A. M., Quantifying phthalate metabolites in human meconium and semen using automated off-line solid-phase extraction coupled with on-line SPE and isotope-dilution high-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2006, 78, 6651-6655.
    • (2006) Anal. Chem. , vol.78 , pp. 6651-6655
    • Kato, K.1    Silva, M.J.2    Needham, L.L.3    Calafat, A.M.4
  • 138
    • 0037962243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative detection of nine phthalate metabolites in human serum using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry
    • Kato, K., Silva, M. J., Brock, J. W., Reidy, J. A. et al., Quantitative detection of nine phthalate metabolites in human serum using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2003, 27, 284-289.
    • (2003) J. Anal. Toxicol. , vol.27 , pp. 284-289
    • Kato, K.1    Silva, M.J.2    Brock, J.W.3    Reidy, J.A.4
  • 140
    • 78650878060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CDC, Third National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. Atlanta, GA, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Center for Environmental Health; Division of Laboratory Sciences. 11-4-2007.
    • CDC, Third National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. 2005. Atlanta, GA, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Center for Environmental Health; Division of Laboratory Sciences. 11-4-2007.
    • (2005)
  • 141
    • 0041697034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing human exposure to phthalates using monoesters and their oxidized metabolites as biomarkers
    • Barr, D. B., Silva, M. J., Kato, K., Reidy, J. A. et al., Assessing human exposure to phthalates using monoesters and their oxidized metabolites as biomarkers. Environ. Health Perspect. 2003, 111, 1148-1151.
    • (2003) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.111 , pp. 1148-1151
    • Barr, D.B.1    Silva, M.J.2    Kato, K.3    Reidy, J.A.4
  • 142
    • 1542498397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate as biomarkers for human exposure assessment to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
    • Kato, K., Silva, M. J., Reidy, J. A., Hurtz III D. et al., Mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate as biomarkers for human exposure assessment to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Environ. Health Perspect. 2004, 112, 327-330.
    • (2004) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.112 , pp. 327-330
    • Kato, K.1    Silva, M.J.2    Reidy, J.A.3    Hurtz III, D.4
  • 143
    • 33846321851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence and daily variation of phthalate metabolites in the urine of an adult population
    • Fromme, H., Bolte, G., Koch, H. M., Angerer, J. et al., Occurrence and daily variation of phthalate metabolites in the urine of an adult population. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2007, 210, 21-33.
    • (2007) Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health , vol.210 , pp. 21-33
    • Fromme, H.1    Bolte, G.2    Koch, H.M.3    Angerer, J.4
  • 144
    • 33646557696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary biomarkers of di-isononyl phthalate in rats
    • Silva, M. J., Kato, K., Wolf, C., Samandar, E. et al., Urinary biomarkers of di-isononyl phthalate in rats. Toxicology 2006, 223, 101-112.
    • (2006) Toxicology , vol.223 , pp. 101-112
    • Silva, M.J.1    Kato, K.2    Wolf, C.3    Samandar, E.4
  • 145
    • 33847399071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of secondary, oxidised di-iso-nonylphthalate (DINP) metabolites in human urine representative for the exposure to commercial DINP plasticizers
    • Koch, H. M., Muller, J., Angerer, J., Determination of secondary, oxidised di-iso-nonylphthalate (DINP) metabolites in human urine representative for the exposure to commercial DINP plasticizers. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 2007, 847, 114-125.
    • (2007) J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. , vol.847 , pp. 114-125
    • Koch, H.M.1    Muller, J.2    Angerer, J.3
  • 146
    • 70350584930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GerES IV: phthalate metabolites and bisphenol A in urine of German children
    • Becker, K., Goen, T., Seiwert, M., Conrad, A. et al., GerES IV: phthalate metabolites and bisphenol A in urine of German children. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2009, 212, 685-692.
    • (2009) Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health , vol.212 , pp. 685-692
    • Becker, K.1    Goen, T.2    Seiwert, M.3    Conrad, A.4
  • 147
    • 73649145527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple pharmacokinetic model to characterize exposure of Americans to Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate
    • Lorber, M., Angerer, J., Koch, H. M., A simple pharmacokinetic model to characterize exposure of Americans to Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 2010, 20, 38-53.
    • (2010) J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. , vol.20 , pp. 38-53
    • Lorber, M.1    Angerer, J.2    Koch, H.M.3
  • 148
    • 35948952735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolite profiles of di-n-butyl phthalate in humans and rats
    • Silva, M. J., Samandar, E., Reidy, J. A., Hauser, R. et al., Metabolite profiles of di-n-butyl phthalate in humans and rats. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 7576-7580.
    • (2007) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.41 , pp. 7576-7580
    • Silva, M.J.1    Samandar, E.2    Reidy, J.A.3    Hauser, R.4
  • 149
    • 0242539915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal exposures to phthalates among women in New York City and Krakow, Poland
    • Adibi, J. J., Perera, F. P., Jedrychowski, W., Camann, D. E. et al., Prenatal exposures to phthalates among women in New York City and Krakow, Poland. Environ. Health Perspect. 2003, 111, 1719-1722.
    • (2003) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.111 , pp. 1719-1722
    • Adibi, J.J.1    Perera, F.P.2    Jedrychowski, W.3    Camann, D.E.4
  • 150
    • 0346492751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internal exposure of nursery-school children and their parents and teachers to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)
    • Koch, H. M., Drexler, H., Angerer, J., Internal exposure of nursery-school children and their parents and teachers to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2004, 207, 15-22.
    • (2004) Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health , vol.207 , pp. 15-22
    • Koch, H.M.1    Drexler, H.2    Angerer, J.3
  • 151
    • 34447509273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Di-n-butylphthalate and butylbenzylphthalate - urinary metabolite levels and estimated daily intakes: pilot study for the German Environmental Survey on children
    • Koch, H. M., Becker, K., Wittassek, M., Seiwert, M. et al., Di-n-butylphthalate and butylbenzylphthalate - urinary metabolite levels and estimated daily intakes: pilot study for the German Environmental Survey on children. J. Exp. Sci. Envirom. Epidemiol. 2007, 17, 378-387.
    • (2007) J. Exp. Sci. Envirom. Epidemiol. , vol.17 , pp. 378-387
    • Koch, H.M.1    Becker, K.2    Wittassek, M.3    Seiwert, M.4
  • 152
    • 20544448920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary phthalate metabolites and biomarkers of reproductive function in young men
    • Jonsson, B. A. G., Richthoff, J., Rylander, L., Giwercman, A. et al., Urinary phthalate metabolites and biomarkers of reproductive function in young men. Epidemiology 2005, 16, 487-493.
    • (2005) Epidemiology , vol.16 , pp. 487-493
    • Jonsson, B.A.G.1    Richthoff, J.2    Rylander, L.3    Giwercman, A.4
  • 153
    • 33745037694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimated daily phthalate exposures in a population of mothers of male infants exhibiting reduced anogenital distance
    • Marsee, K., Woodruff, T. J., Axelrad, D. A., Calafat, A. M. et al., Estimated daily phthalate exposures in a population of mothers of male infants exhibiting reduced anogenital distance. Environ. Health Perspect. 2006, 114, 805-809.
    • (2006) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.114 , pp. 805-809
    • Marsee, K.1    Woodruff, T.J.2    Axelrad, D.A.3    Calafat, A.M.4
  • 155
    • 0346492751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response to the letter of R. M. David Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 207, 75-76 (2004)
    • Koch, H. M., Drexler, H., Angerer, J., Response to the letter of R. M. David Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 207, 75-76 (2004). Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2004, 207, 77-78.
    • (2004) Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health , vol.207 , pp. 77-78
    • Koch, H.M.1    Drexler, H.2    Angerer, J.3
  • 156
    • 33750878780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrating biomonitoring exposure data into the risk assessment process: phthalates [diethyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate] as a case study
    • Calafat, A. M., McKee, R. H., Integrating biomonitoring exposure data into the risk assessment process: phthalates [diethyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate] as a case study. Environ. Health Perspect. 2006, 114, 1783-1789.
    • (2006) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.114 , pp. 1783-1789
    • Calafat, A.M.1    McKee, R.H.2
  • 157
    • 37849022338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between production amounts of DEHP and daily intake
    • Helm, D., Correlation between production amounts of DEHP and daily intake. Sci. Tot. Environ. 2007, 388, 389-391.
    • (2007) Sci. Tot. Environ. , vol.388 , pp. 389-391
    • Helm, D.1
  • 158
    • 78650858538 scopus 로고
    • Wissenschaftliche Tabellen Geigy - Teilband Körperflüssigkeiten, 8th Edn.), Basel.
    • Wissenschaftliche Tabellen Geigy - Teilband Körperflüssigkeiten, (8th Edn.), Basel, 1977.
    • (1977)
  • 159
    • 33846251887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daily intake of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) by German children - a comparison of two estimation models based on urinary DEHP metabolite levels
    • Wittassek, M., Heger, W., Koch, H. M., Becker, K. et al., Daily intake of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) by German children - a comparison of two estimation models based on urinary DEHP metabolite levels. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2007, 210, 35-42.
    • (2007) Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health , vol.210 , pp. 35-42
    • Wittassek, M.1    Heger, W.2    Koch, H.M.3    Becker, K.4
  • 160
    • 0036183525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anthropometry-based reference values for 24-h urinary creatinine excretion during growth and their use in endocrine and nutritional research
    • Remer, T., Neubert, A., Maser-Gluth, C., Anthropometry-based reference values for 24-h urinary creatinine excretion during growth and their use in endocrine and nutritional research. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2002, 75, 561-569.
    • (2002) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.75 , pp. 561-569
    • Remer, T.1    Neubert, A.2    Maser-Gluth, C.3
  • 161
    • 14744271278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary creatinine concentrations in the US population: implications for urinary biologic monitoring measurements
    • Barr, D. B., Wilder, L. C., Caudill, S. P., Gonzalez, A. J. et al., Urinary creatinine concentrations in the US population: implications for urinary biologic monitoring measurements. Environ. Health Perspect. 2005, 113, 192-200.
    • (2005) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.113 , pp. 192-200
    • Barr, D.B.1    Wilder, L.C.2    Caudill, S.P.3    Gonzalez, A.J.4
  • 162
    • 23844462532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterizing children's exposures: beyond NHANES
    • Needham, L. L., Barr, D. B., Calafat, A. M., Characterizing children's exposures: beyond NHANES. Neurotoxicology 2005, 26, 547-553.
    • (2005) Neurotoxicology , vol.26 , pp. 547-553
    • Needham, L.L.1    Barr, D.B.2    Calafat, A.M.3
  • 163
    • 78650863768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CDC, NHANES 2003-2004 Laboratory Procedures Manual.
    • CDC, NHANES 2003-2004 Laboratory Procedures Manual, 2004.
    • (2004)
  • 164
    • 85056021546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary metabolites of di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and di-iso-butyl phthalate (DiBP) in urine as valuable biomarkers of exposure
    • Koch, H. M., Käfferlein, H. U., zur Nieden, A., Brüning, T., Secondary metabolites of di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and di-iso-butyl phthalate (DiBP) in urine as valuable biomarkers of exposure. Epidemiology 2008, 19, S281.
    • (2008) Epidemiology , vol.19
    • Koch, H.M.1    Käfferlein, H.U.2    zur Nieden, A.3    Brüning, T.4
  • 166
  • 167
    • 0037345870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An estimation of the daily intake of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and other phthalates in the general population
    • Koch, H. M., Drexler, H., Angerer, J., An estimation of the daily intake of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and other phthalates in the general population. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2003, 206, 77-83.
    • (2003) Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health , vol.206 , pp. 77-83
    • Koch, H.M.1    Drexler, H.2    Angerer, J.3
  • 169
    • 33644865114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, a metabolite of di-n-octyl phthalate
    • Calafat, A. M., Silva, M. J., Reidy, J. A., Earl, G. L. et al., Mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, a metabolite of di-n-octyl phthalate. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 2006, 69, 215-227.
    • (2006) J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , vol.69 , pp. 215-227
    • Calafat, A.M.1    Silva, M.J.2    Reidy, J.A.3    Earl, G.L.4
  • 170
    • 17144389332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary metabolites of di-n-octyl phthalate in rats
    • Silva, M. J., Kato, K., Gray, E. L., Wolf, C. et al., Urinary metabolites of di-n-octyl phthalate in rats. Toxicology 2005, 210, 123-133.
    • (2005) Toxicology , vol.210 , pp. 123-133
    • Silva, M.J.1    Kato, K.2    Gray, E.L.3    Wolf, C.4
  • 171
    • 77249101347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure assessment of phthalate esters in Japanese pregnant women by using urinary metabolite analysis
    • Suzuki, Y., Niwa, M., Yoshinaga, J., Watanabe, C. et al., Exposure assessment of phthalate esters in Japanese pregnant women by using urinary metabolite analysis. Environ. Health Prev. Med. 2009, 14, 180-187.
    • (2009) Environ. Health Prev. Med. , vol.14 , pp. 180-187
    • Suzuki, Y.1    Niwa, M.2    Yoshinaga, J.3    Watanabe, C.4
  • 172
    • 26444443018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probabilistic risk characterization: an example with di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
    • Bosgra, S., Bos, P. M., Vermeire, T. G., Luit, R. J. et al., Probabilistic risk characterization: an example with di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2005, 43, 104-113.
    • (2005) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.43 , pp. 104-113
    • Bosgra, S.1    Bos, P.M.2    Vermeire, T.G.3    Luit, R.J.4
  • 173
    • 78650910330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UK Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food MAFF, Phthalates in Food - Food Surveillance Information Sheet 82, London.
    • UK Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food MAFF, Phthalates in Food - Food Surveillance Information Sheet 82, 1996, London.
    • (1996)
  • 174
    • 78650871200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UK Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food MAFF, Phthalates in infant formulae - Follow-up survey. Food surveillance information sheet 168, London.
    • UK Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food MAFF, Phthalates in infant formulae - Follow-up survey. Food surveillance information sheet 168, 1998, London.
    • (1998)
  • 175
    • 78650877200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, bergang von Phthalaten aus Twist off-Deckeln in Lebensmittel - Gesundheitliche Bewertung Nr. 042/2005, Berlin, Germany.
    • Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Übergang von Phthalaten aus Twist off-Deckeln in Lebensmittel - Gesundheitliche Bewertung Nr. 042/2005, 2005, Berlin, Germany.
    • (2005)
  • 176
    • 78650866863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Weichmacher gehören nicht ins Speiseöl!, Berlin, Germany.
    • Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Weichmacher gehören nicht ins Speiseöl!, 2005, Berlin, Germany.
    • (2005)
  • 177
    • 78650885979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FDA, Inactive Ingredient Search for Approved Drug Products.
    • FDA, Inactive Ingredient Search for Approved Drug Products 2006.
    • (2006)
  • 178
    • 78650899106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DBP (Di-n-butylphthalate) in pharmaceuticals: are pregnant women and infants at risk? 15th Annual Conference of the International Society of Exposure Analysis. Tucson, Arizona, USA.
    • Koch, H. M., Drexler, H., Angerer, J., DBP (Di-n-butylphthalate) in pharmaceuticals: are pregnant women and infants at risk? 15th Annual Conference of the International Society of Exposure Analysis. Tucson, Arizona, USA 2005.
    • (2005)
    • Koch, H.M.1    Drexler, H.2    Angerer, J.3
  • 179
    • 85056021353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of phthalate-containing medications and urine phthalate concentrations
    • Hemandez-Diaz, S., Mitchell, A. A., Hauser, R., Use of phthalate-containing medications and urine phthalate concentrations. Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. 2008, 17, S128-S129.
    • (2008) Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. , vol.17
    • Hemandez-Diaz, S.1    Mitchell, A.A.2    Hauser, R.3
  • 180
    • 78650862654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Di-isobutylphthalat in Papier und Kartons für dem Kontakt mit Lebensmitteln, Berlin, Germany.
    • Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Di-isobutylphthalat in Papier und Kartons für dem Kontakt mit Lebensmitteln, Berlin, Germany 2007.
    • (2007)
  • 181
    • 33645235319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human exposure assessment to environmental chemicals using biomonitoring
    • Calafat, A. M., Ye, X., Silva, M. J., Kuklenyik, Z. et al., Human exposure assessment to environmental chemicals using biomonitoring. Int. J. Androl. 2006, 29, 166-171.
    • (2006) Int. J. Androl. , vol.29 , pp. 166-171
    • Calafat, A.M.1    Ye, X.2    Silva, M.J.3    Kuklenyik, Z.4
  • 182
    • 33749661607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to Di-Butylphthalate (DBP) for use in food contact materials
    • EFSA.
    • EFSA, Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to Di-Butylphthalate (DBP) for use in food contact materials. EFSA J. 2005, 242, 1-14.
    • (2005) EFSA J. , vol.242 , pp. 1-14
  • 183
    • 33749661607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) for use in food contact materials
    • EFSA.
    • EFSA, Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) for use in food contact materials. EFSA J. 2005, 243, 1-20.
    • (2005) EFSA J. , vol.243 , pp. 1-20
  • 184
    • 33749661607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to Butylbenzylphthalate (BBP) for use in food contact materials
    • EFSA.
    • EFSA, Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to Butylbenzylphthalate (BBP) for use in food contact materials. EFSA J. 2005, 241, 1-14.
    • (2005) EFSA J. , vol.241 , pp. 1-14
  • 185
    • 34247279328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to Di-isononylphthalate (DINP) for use in food contact materials
    • EFSA.
    • EFSA, Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to Di-isononylphthalate (DINP) for use in food contact materials. EFSA J. 2005, 244, 77-83.
    • (2005) EFSA J. , vol.244 , pp. 77-83
  • 186
    • 33749661607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to Di-isodecylphthalate (DIDP) for use in food contact materials
    • EFSA.
    • EFSA, Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to Di-isodecylphthalate (DIDP) for use in food contact materials. EFSA J. 2005, 245, 1-14.
    • (2005) EFSA J. , vol.245 , pp. 1-14
  • 187
    • 78650873552 scopus 로고
    • EPA, Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), Dibutyl phthalate (CASRN 84-74-2), US Environmental Protection Agency, 12-1-2008.
    • EPA, Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), Dibutyl phthalate (CASRN 84-74-2), 1990, US Environmental Protection Agency, 12-1-2008.
    • (1990)
  • 188
    • 78650916066 scopus 로고
    • EPA, Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) (CASRN 117-81-7), US Environmental Protection Agency, 12-1-2008.
    • EPA, Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) (CASRN 117-81-7), 1993, US Environmental Protection Agency, 12-1-2008.
    • (1993)
  • 189
    • 78650923728 scopus 로고
    • EPA, Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), Butyl benzyl phthalate (CASRN 85-68-7), US Environmental Protection Agency, 12-1-2008.
    • EPA, Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), Butyl benzyl phthalate (CASRN 85-68-7), 1993,) US Environmental Protection Agency, 12-1-2008.
    • (1993)
  • 190
    • 78650854076 scopus 로고
    • EPA. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Diethyl phthalate (CASRN 84-66-2). US Environmental Protection Agency. 12-1-2008.
    • EPA. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Diethyl phthalate (CASRN 84-66-2). 1993. US Environmental Protection Agency. 12-1-2008.
    • (1993)
  • 191
    • 0001484385 scopus 로고
    • Chronic oral toxicity of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate for rats, guinea pigs, and dogs
    • Carpenter, C. P., Weil, C. S., Smyth, H. F., Chronic oral toxicity of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate for rats, guinea pigs, and dogs. Ama Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med. 1953, 8, 219-226.
    • (1953) Ama Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med. , vol.8 , pp. 219-226
    • Carpenter, C.P.1    Weil, C.S.2    Smyth, H.F.3
  • 192
    • 0005469055 scopus 로고
    • Toxicity of butyl sterate, dibutyl sebacate, dibutyl phthalate and methoxyethyl oleate
    • Smith, C. C., Toxicity of butyl sterate, dibutyl sebacate, dibutyl phthalate and methoxyethyl oleate. Arch. Hyg. Occup. Med. 1953, 7, 310-318.
    • (1953) Arch. Hyg. Occup. Med. , vol.7 , pp. 310-318
    • Smith, C.C.1
  • 193
    • 20644455100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dibutylphthalat (DBP) in Arzneimitteln: ein bisher unterschätztes Risiko für Schwangere und Kleinkinder
    • Koch, H. M., Müller, J., Drexler, H., Angerer, J., Dibutylphthalat (DBP) in Arzneimitteln: ein bisher unterschätztes Risiko für Schwangere und Kleinkinder. Umweltmed Forsch Prax 2004, 10, 144-146.
    • (2004) Umweltmed Forsch Prax , vol.10 , pp. 144-146
    • Koch, H.M.1    Müller, J.2    Drexler, H.3    Angerer, J.4
  • 194
    • 78650880320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personal communication German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Reference Number: 75.01-3822-V8254-170564/07.
    • Koch, H. M. Personal communication German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Reference Number: 75.01-3822-V8254-170564/07, 2007.
    • (2007)
    • Koch, H.M.1
  • 195
    • 49249132006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Additional" effects of phthalate mixtures on fetal testosterone production
    • Sharpe, R. M., "Additional" effects of phthalate mixtures on fetal testosterone production. Toxicol. Sci. 2008, 105, 1-4.
    • (2008) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.105 , pp. 1-4
    • Sharpe, R.M.1
  • 196
    • 49249119674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mixture of five phthalate esters inhibits fetal testicular testosterone production in the Sprague-Dawley rat in a cumulative, dose-additive manner
    • Howdeshell, K. L., Wilson, V. S., Furr, J., Lambright, C. R. et al., A mixture of five phthalate esters inhibits fetal testicular testosterone production in the Sprague-Dawley rat in a cumulative, dose-additive manner. Toxicol. Sci. 2008, 105, 153-165.
    • (2008) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.105 , pp. 153-165
    • Howdeshell, K.L.1    Wilson, V.S.2    Furr, J.3    Lambright, C.R.4
  • 197
    • 0034523473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perinatal exposure to the phthalates DEHP, BBP, and DINP, but not DEP, DMP, or DOTP, alters sexual differentiation of the male rat
    • Gray, L. E., Ostby, J., Furr, J., Price, M. et al., Perinatal exposure to the phthalates DEHP, BBP, and DINP, but not DEP, DMP, or DOTP, alters sexual differentiation of the male rat. Toxicol. Sci. 2000, 58, 350-365.
    • (2000) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.58 , pp. 350-365
    • Gray, L.E.1    Ostby, J.2    Furr, J.3    Price, M.4
  • 198
    • 78650914157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cumulative effects of in utero administration of mixtures of "antiandrogens" on male rat reproductive development
    • Gray, L. E., Furr, J., Howdeshell, K., Hotchkiss, A. et al., Cumulative effects of in utero administration of mixtures of "antiandrogens" on male rat reproductive development. Toxicology 2007, 240, 139-140.
    • (2007) Toxicology , vol.240 , pp. 139-140
    • Gray, L.E.1    Furr, J.2    Howdeshell, K.3    Hotchkiss, A.4
  • 199
    • 9744248326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mixture of the "antiandrogens" linuron and butyl benzyl phthalate alters sexual differentiation of the male rat in a cumulative fashion
    • Hotchkiss, A. K., Parks-Saldutti, L. G., Ostby, J. S., Lambright, C. et al., A mixture of the "antiandrogens" linuron and butyl benzyl phthalate alters sexual differentiation of the male rat in a cumulative fashion. Biol. Reprod. 2004, 71, 1852-1861.
    • (2004) Biol. Reprod. , vol.71 , pp. 1852-1861
    • Hotchkiss, A.K.1    Parks-Saldutti, L.G.2    Ostby, J.S.3    Lambright, C.4
  • 200
    • 0042430585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Donor exposure to the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate during plateletpheresis
    • Buchta, C., Bittner, C., Hocker, P., Macher, M. et al., Donor exposure to the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate during plateletpheresis. Transfusion 2003, 43, 1115-1120.
    • (2003) Transfusion , vol.43 , pp. 1115-1120
    • Buchta, C.1    Bittner, C.2    Hocker, P.3    Macher, M.4
  • 201
    • 0027169714 scopus 로고
    • Exposure of newborn infants to di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate and 2-ethylhexanoic acid following exchange transfusion with polyvinylchloride catheters
    • Plonait, S. L., Nau, H., Maier, R. F., Wittfoht, W. et al., Exposure of newborn infants to di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate and 2-ethylhexanoic acid following exchange transfusion with polyvinylchloride catheters. Transfusion 1993, 33, 598-605.
    • (1993) Transfusion , vol.33 , pp. 598-605
    • Plonait, S.L.1    Nau, H.2    Maier, R.F.3    Wittfoht, W.4
  • 202
    • 63649102703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal urinary metabolites of di-(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate in relation to the timing of labor in a US multicenter pregnancy cohort study
    • Adibi, J. J., Hauser, R., Williams, P. L., Whyatt, R. M. et al., Maternal urinary metabolites of di-(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate in relation to the timing of labor in a US multicenter pregnancy cohort study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2009, 169, 1015-1024.
    • (2009) Am. J. Epidemiol. , vol.169 , pp. 1015-1024
    • Adibi, J.J.1    Hauser, R.2    Williams, P.L.3    Whyatt, R.M.4
  • 203
    • 45749129013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of phthalate exposure among pregnant women assessed by repeat air and urine samples
    • Adibi, J. J., Whyatt, R. M., Williams, P. L., Calafat, A. M. et al., Characterization of phthalate exposure among pregnant women assessed by repeat air and urine samples. Environ. Health Perspect. 2008, 116, 467-473.
    • (2008) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.116 , pp. 467-473
    • Adibi, J.J.1    Whyatt, R.M.2    Williams, P.L.3    Calafat, A.M.4
  • 204
    • 58349092507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phthalate exposure among pregnant women in Jerusalem, Israel: Results of a pilot study
    • Berman, T., Hochner-Celnikier, D., Calafat, A. M., Needham, L. L. et al., Phthalate exposure among pregnant women in Jerusalem, Israel: Results of a pilot study. Environ. Int. 2009, 35, 353-357.
    • (2009) Environ. Int. , vol.35 , pp. 353-357
    • Berman, T.1    Hochner-Celnikier, D.2    Calafat, A.M.3    Needham, L.L.4
  • 205
    • 54849381500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary metabolite concentrations of organophosphorous pesticides, bisphenol A, and phthalates among pregnant women in Rotterdam, the Netherlands: the Generation R study
    • Ye, X., Pierik, F. H., Hauser, R., Duty, S. et al., Urinary metabolite concentrations of organophosphorous pesticides, bisphenol A, and phthalates among pregnant women in Rotterdam, the Netherlands: the Generation R study. Environ. Res. 2008, 108, 260-267.
    • (2008) Environ. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 260-267
    • Ye, X.1    Pierik, F.H.2    Hauser, R.3    Duty, S.4
  • 206
    • 34548743984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between urinary phthalate monoesters and thyroid hormones in pregnant women
    • Huang, P. C., Kuo, P. L., Guo, Y. L., Liao, P. C. et al., Associations between urinary phthalate monoesters and thyroid hormones in pregnant women. Hum. Reprod. 2007, 22, 2715-2722.
    • (2007) Hum. Reprod. , vol.22 , pp. 2715-2722
    • Huang, P.C.1    Kuo, P.L.2    Guo, Y.L.3    Liao, P.C.4
  • 207
    • 20544448920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary phthalate metabolites and biomarkers of reproductive function in young men
    • Jonsson, B. A., Richthoff, J., Rylander, L., Giwercman, A. et al., Urinary phthalate metabolites and biomarkers of reproductive function in young men. Epidemiology 2005, 16, 487-493.
    • (2005) Epidemiology , vol.16 , pp. 487-493
    • Jonsson, B.A.1    Richthoff, J.2    Rylander, L.3    Giwercman, A.4
  • 208
    • 0021823729 scopus 로고
    • Excretion and metabolism of di(2-Ethylhexyl)-phthalate in man
    • Schmid, P., Schlatter, C., Excretion and metabolism of di(2-Ethylhexyl)-phthalate in man. Xenobiotica 1985, 15, 251-256.
    • (1985) Xenobiotica , vol.15 , pp. 251-256
    • Schmid, P.1    Schlatter, C.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.