메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 112, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 331-338

Urinary levels of seven phthalate metabolites in the U.S. population from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000

Author keywords

mono (2 ethylhexyl) phthlate; monobenzyl phthalate; Monobutyl phthalate; Monoethyl phthalate; NHANES; Phthalate exposure

Indexed keywords

PHTHALIC ACID 2 ETHYLHEXYL MONOESTER; PHTHALIC ACID DERIVATIVE; PHTHALIC ACID DIBUTYL ESTER; PHTHALIC ACID DIETHYL ESTER;

EID: 1542686315     PISSN: 00916765     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.6723     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (836)

References (36)
  • 3
    • 0005595638 scopus 로고
    • Toxicological Profile for Diethyl Phthalate (DEP)
    • ATSDR. Atlanta, GA:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Available: [accessed 11 August 2003]
    • ATSDR. 1995. Toxicological Profile for Diethyl Phthalate (DEP). Atlanta, GA:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Available: Http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ toxprofiles [accessed 11 August 2003].
    • (1995)
  • 4
    • 0042806770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicological Profile for Di-n-octyl Phthalate (DNOP)
    • ATSDR. Atlanta, GA:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Available: [accessed 11 August 2003]
    • ATSDR. 1997. Toxicological Profile for Di-n-octyl Phthalate (DNOP). Atlanta, GA:AGency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Available: Http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ toxprofiles/tp95.html [accessed 11 August 2003].
    • (1997)
  • 5
    • 0042305705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicological Profile for Di-n-butyl Phthalate (DBP)
    • ATSDR. Atlanta, GA:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Available: [accessed 11 August 2003]
    • ATSDR. 2001. Toxicological Profile for Di-n-butyl Phthalate (DBP). Atlanta, GA:AGency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Available: Http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles [accessed 11 August 2003].
    • (2001)
  • 6
    • 0041304143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicological Profile for Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)
    • ATSDR. Atlanta, GA:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Available: [accessed 11 August 2003]
    • ATSDR. 2002. Toxicological Profile for Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Atlanta, GA:AGency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Available: Http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ toxprofiles/ [accessed 11 August 2003].
    • (2002)
  • 7
    • 0041697034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing human exposure to phthalates using monoesters and their oxidized metabolites as biomarkers
    • Barr DB, Silva MJ, Kato K, Reidy JA, Malek NA, Hurtz D, et al. 2003. Assessing human exposure to phthalates using monoesters and their oxidized metabolites as biomarkers. Environ Health Perspect 111:1148-1151.
    • (2003) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.111 , pp. 1148-1151
    • Barr, D.B.1    Silva, M.J.2    Kato, K.3    Reidy, J.A.4    Malek, N.A.5    Hurtz, D.6
  • 8
    • 0034282493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative detection of eight phthalate metabolites in human urine using HPLC-APCI-MS/MS
    • Blount BC, Milgram KE, Silva MJ, Malek NA, Reidy JA, Needham LL, et al. 2000a. Quantitative detection of eight phthalate metabolites in human urine using HPLC-APCI-MS/MS. Anal Chem 72:4127-4134.
    • (2000) Anal. Chem. , vol.72 , pp. 4127-4134
    • Blount, B.C.1    Milgram, K.E.2    Silva, M.J.3    Malek, N.A.4    Reidy, J.A.5    Needham, L.L.6
  • 11
    • 0003893348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals
    • CDC. Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences. Available: [accessed 11 August 2003]
    • CDC. 2001. National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. Atlanta, GA:CEnters for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences. Available: Http://www. cdc.gov/nceh/dls/report/default.htm [accessed 11 August 2003].
    • (2001)
  • 12
    • 0013202598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Second National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals
    • CDC. Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences. Available: [accessed 11 August 2003]
    • CDC. 2003. Second National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. Atlanta, GA:CEnters for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences. Available: Http:// www.cdc.gov/exposurereport [accessed 11 August 2003].
    • (2003)
  • 13
    • 0019845677 scopus 로고
    • Gas-chromatographic quantitation of 2 plasticizers contaminating intravenous fluids stored in plastic containers
    • Ching NPH, Jham GN, Subbarayan C, Grossi C, Hicks R, Nealon TF. 1981. Gas-chromatographic quantitation of 2 plasticizers contaminating intravenous fluids stored in plastic containers. J Chromatogr 225:196-201.
    • (1981) J. Chromatogr. , vol.225 , pp. 196-201
    • Ching, N.P.H.1    Jham, G.N.2    Subbarayan, C.3    Grossi, C.4    Hicks, R.5    Nealon, T.F.6
  • 14
    • 0041304140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Esters of aromatic mono-, di-, and tricarboxylic acids, aromatic diacids, and di-, tri-, or polyalcohols
    • (Bingham E, Cohrssen B, Powell CH, eds). 5th ed. New York:John Wiley and Sons
    • David RM, McKee RH, Butala JH, Barter RA, Kayser M. 2001. Esters of aromatic mono-, di-, and tricarboxylic acids, aromatic diacids, and di-, tri-, or polyalcohols. In: Patty's Toxicology. Vol 6 (Bingham E, Cohrssen B, Powell CH, eds). 5th ed. New York:JOhn Wiley and Sons, 635-932.
    • (2001) Patty's Toxicology , vol.6 , pp. 635-932
    • David, R.M.1    McKee, R.H.2    Butala, J.H.3    Barter, R.A.4    Kayser, M.5
  • 16
    • 0042197599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between environmental exposures to phthalates and DNA damage in human sperm using the neutral comet assay
    • Duty SM, Singh NP, Silva MJ, Barr DB, Brock JW, Ryan L, et al. 2003. The relationship between environmental exposures to phthalates and DNA damage in human sperm using the neutral comet assay. Environ Health Perspect 111:1164-1169.
    • (2003) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.111 , pp. 1164-1169
    • Duty, S.M.1    Singh, N.P.2    Silva, M.J.3    Barr, D.B.4    Brock, J.W.5    Ryan, L.6
  • 17
    • 0035027634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse effects on development of the reproductive system in male offspring of rats given monobutyl phthalate, a metabolite of dibutyl phthalate, during late pregnancy
    • Ema M, Miyawaki E. 2001a. Adverse effects on development of the reproductive system in male offspring of rats given monobutyl phthalate, a metabolite of dibutyl phthalate, during late pregnancy. Reprod Toxicol 15:189-194.
    • (2001) Reprod. Toxicol. , vol.15 , pp. 189-194
    • Ema, M.1    Miyawaki, E.2
  • 18
    • 0034974278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of monabutyl phthalate on reproductive function in pregnant and pseudopregnant rats
    • Ema M, Miyawaki E. 2001b. Effects of monabutyl phthalate on reproductive function in pregnant and pseudopregnant rats. Reprod Toxicol 15:261-267.
    • (2001) Reprod. Toxicol. , vol.15 , pp. 261-267
    • Ema, M.1    Miyawaki, E.2
  • 20
    • 0035025368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of phthalate esters on the developing reproductive tract of male rats
    • Foster PMD, Mylchreest E, Gaido KW, Sar M. 2001. Effects of phthalate esters on the developing reproductive tract of male rats. Human Reprod Update 7:231-235.
    • (2001) Human Reprod. Update , vol.7 , pp. 231-235
    • Foster, P.M.D.1    Mylchreest, E.2    Gaido, K.W.3    Sar, M.4
  • 21
    • 0022560385 scopus 로고
    • Aspects of the testicular toxicity of phthalate-esters
    • Gray TJB, Gangolli SD. 1986. Aspects of the testicular toxicity of phthalate-esters. Environ Health Perspect 65:229-235.
    • (1986) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.65 , pp. 229-235
    • Gray, T.J.B.1    Gangolli, S.D.2
  • 22
    • 0036105250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproducibility of urinary phthalate metabolites in first morning urine samples
    • Hoppin JA, Brock JW, Davis BJ, Baird DD. 2002. Reproducibility of urinary phthalate metabolites in first morning urine samples. Environ Health Perspect 110:515-518.
    • (2002) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.110 , pp. 515-518
    • Hoppin, J.A.1    Brock, J.W.2    Davis, B.J.3    Baird, D.D.4
  • 23
    • 0025261744 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of average concentration in the presence of nondetectable values
    • Hornung RW, Reed LD. 1990. Estimation of average concentration in the presence of nondetectable values. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 5:46-51.
    • (1990) Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , vol.5 , pp. 46-51
    • Hornung, R.W.1    Reed, L.D.2
  • 24
    • 0030002143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatocarcinogenic potential of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in rodents and its implications on human risk
    • Huber WW, Grasl-Kraupp B, Schulte-Hermann R. 1996. Hepatocarcinogenic potential of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in rodents and its implications on human risk. Crit Rev Toxicol 26:365-481.
    • (1996) Crit. Rev. Toxicol. , vol.26 , pp. 365-481
    • Huber, W.W.1    Grasl-Kraupp, B.2    Schulte-Hermann, R.3
  • 25
    • 0013916544 scopus 로고
    • Creatinine in urine as an index of urinary excretion rate
    • Jackson S. 1966. Creatinine in urine as an index of urinary excretion rate. Health Phys 12:843-850.
    • (1966) Health Phys. , vol.12 , pp. 843-850
    • Jackson, S.1
  • 26
    • 0037464618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On-line clean-up by multidimensional liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for high throughput quantification of primary and secondary phthalate metabolites in human urine
    • Koch HM, Gonzalez-Reche LM, Angerer J. 2003a. On-line clean-up by multidimensional liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for high throughput quantification of primary and secondary phthalate metabolites in human urine. J Chromatogr B 784:169-182.
    • (2003) J. Chromatogr. B , vol.784 , pp. 169-182
    • Koch, H.M.1    Gonzalez-Reche, L.M.2    Angerer, J.3
  • 27
    • 0012550816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internal exposure of the general population to DEHP and other phthalates - Determination of secondary and primary phthalate monoester metabolites in urine
    • Koch HM, Rossbach B, Drexler H, Angerer J. 2003b. Internal exposure of the general population to DEHP and other phthalates - determination of secondary and primary phthalate monoester metabolites in urine. Environ Res 93:177-185.
    • (2003) Environ. Res. , vol.93 , pp. 177-185
    • Koch, H.M.1    Rossbach, B.2    Drexler, H.3    Angerer, J.4
  • 28
    • 0036744680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absorption, disposition and metabolism of di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) in F-344 rats
    • McKee RH, El Hawari M, Stoltz M, Pallas F, Lington AW. 2002. Absorption, disposition and metabolism of di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) in F-344 rats. J Appl Toxicol 22:293-302.
    • (2002) J. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.22 , pp. 293-302
    • McKee, R.H.1    El Hawari, M.2    Stoltz, M.3    Pallas, F.4    Lington, A.W.5
  • 30
    • 0031860360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male reproductive tract malformations in rats following gestational and lactational exposure to di(n-butyl) phthalate: An antiandrogenic mechanism?
    • Mylchreest E, Cattley RC, Foster PMD. 1998. Male reproductive tract malformations in rats following gestational and lactational exposure to di(n-butyl) phthalate: An antiandrogenic mechanism? Toxicol Sci 43:47-60.
    • (1998) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.43 , pp. 47-60
    • Mylchreest, E.1    Cattley, R.C.2    Foster, P.M.D.3
  • 31
    • 0003447646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    • NCHS. Hyattsville, MD:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics. Available: [accessed 11 August 2003]
    • NCHS. 2003. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Hyattsville, MD:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htm [accessed 11 August 2003].
    • (2003)
  • 32
    • 0034521058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The plasticizer diethylhexyl phthalate induces malformations by decreasing fetal testosterone synthesis during sexual differentiation in the male rat
    • Parks LG, Ostby JS, Lambright CR, Abbott BD, Klinefelter GR, Barlow NJ, et al. 2000. The plasticizer diethylhexyl phthalate induces malformations by decreasing fetal testosterone synthesis during sexual differentiation in the male rat. Toxicol Sci 58:339-349.
    • (2000) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.58 , pp. 339-349
    • Parks, L.G.1    Ostby, J.S.2    Lambright, C.R.3    Abbott, B.D.4    Klinefelter, G.R.5    Barlow, N.J.6
  • 33
    • 0022259966 scopus 로고
    • Circulating concentrations of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and its de-esterified phthalic-acid products following plasticizer exposure in patients receiving hemodialysis
    • Pollack GM, Buchanan JF, Slaughter RL, Kohli RK, Shen DD. 1985. Circulating concentrations of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and its de-esterified phthalic-acid products following plasticizer exposure in patients receiving hemodialysis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 79:257-267.
    • (1985) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.79 , pp. 257-267
    • Pollack, G.M.1    Buchanan, J.F.2    Slaughter, R.L.3    Kohli, R.K.4    Shen, D.D.5
  • 34
    • 0142122471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phthalates, alkylphenols, pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and other endocrine-disrupting compounds in indoor air and dust
    • Rudel RA, Camann DE, Spengler JD, Korn LR, Brody JG. 2003. Phthalates, alkylphenols, pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and other endocrine-disrupting compounds in indoor air and dust. Environ Sci Technol 37:4543-4553.
    • (2003) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.37 , pp. 4543-4553
    • Rudel, R.A.1    Camann, D.E.2    Spengler, J.D.3    Korn, L.R.4    Brody, J.G.5
  • 35
    • 0242468336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucuronidation patterns of common urinary and serum monoester phthalate metabolites
    • Silva MJ, Barr DB, Reidy JA, Kato K, Malek NA, Hodge CC, et al. 2003a. Glucuronidation patterns of common urinary and serum monoester phthalate metabolites. Arch Toxicol 77:561-567.
    • (2003) Arch. Toxicol. , vol.77 , pp. 561-567
    • Silva, M.J.1    Barr, D.B.2    Reidy, J.A.3    Kato, K.4    Malek, N.A.5    Hodge, C.C.6
  • 36
    • 0038414556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved quantitative detection of 11 urinary phthalate metabolites in humans using liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry
    • Silva MJ, Malek NA, Hodge CC, Reidy JA, Kato K, Barr DB, et al. 2003b. Improved quantitative detection of 11 urinary phthalate metabolites in humans using liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B 789:393-404.
    • (2003) J. Chromatogr. B , vol.789 , pp. 393-404
    • Silva, M.J.1    Malek, N.A.2    Hodge, C.C.3    Reidy, J.A.4    Kato, K.5    Barr, D.B.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.