The exponent 3/2 at pyramidal nanoindentations

Scanning

Volumn 32, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 265-281

  Kaupp, G ^a   Naimi Jamal, M R ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OLDENBURG   (Germany)

^b IRAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Iran)

Author keywords

AFM; experiment versus theoretical assumptions; linear plots; nanoindentations; non Hertzian exponent; phase transitions

Indexed keywords

AFM; BONDING STATE; FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATIONS; INDENTERS; LINEAR PLOTS; LOADING CURVES; MEAN PRESSURES; MICRO INDENTATION; NANOPOROUS MATERIALS; NON-HERTZIAN EXPONENT; ORGANICS; TRANSFORMATION PRESSURES;

BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS; LOADING; MATERIALS PROPERTIES; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; NANOINDENTATION; PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS; POROUS MATERIALS;

PHASE TRANSITIONS;

BIOMATERIAL; METAL; OXIDE; POLYMER;

ARTICLE; ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY; ELECTRON DIFFRACTION; FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS; GEOMETRY; HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE; MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; NANOINDENTATION; NANOPORE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAMAN SPECTROMETRY; SEMICONDUCTOR; X RAY;

EID: 78649247409     PISSN: 01610457     EISSN: 19328745     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/sca.20206     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Ahuja R, Rekhi S, Johansson B,: Theoretical prediction of a phase transition in gold. Phys Rev B 63, 212101/1 - 212101/3 (2001).
2. Apra E, Baletto F, Ferrando R, Fortunelli A,: Amorphization mechanism of icosahedral metal nanoclusters. Phys Rev Lett 93, 065502/1 - 065502/4 (2004).
3. Arashi H, Ishigame M,: Raman spectroscopic studies of the polymorphism in zirconium dioxide at high pressures. Phys Status Solidi A 71, 313 - 321 (1982).
4. Besson JM, Itie JP, Polian A, Weill G, Mansot JL, et al.,: High-pressure phase transition and phase diagram of gallium arsenide. Phys Rev B 44, 4214 - 4234 (1991).
5. Biener J, Hodge AM, Hamza AV, Hsiung LM, Satcher JH,: Nanoporous Au: a high yield strength material. J Appl Phys 97, 024301 - 024301/4 (2005).
6. Bradby JE, Williams JS, Swain MV,: In situ electrical characterization of phase transformations in Si during indentation. Phys Rev B 67, 085205 - 085205/9 (2003).
7. Cheng YT, Cheng CM, Zhemin Z,: Further analysis of indentation loading curves: effects of tip rounding on mechanical property measurements. J Mater Res 13, 1059 - 1064 (1998).
8. Chudoba T, Richter T,: Investigation of creep behaviour under load during indentation experiments and its influence on hardness and modulus results. Surf Coat Tech 148, 191 - 198 (2001).
9. Cook RF, Oyen ML,: Nanoindentation behavior and mechanical properties measurement of polymeric materials. Int J Mater Res 98, 370 - 378 (2007).
10. Danyluk S, Lim DS, Kalejs J,: Microhardness of carbon-doped (111) p-type Czochralski silicon. Mater Sci Lett 4, 1135 - 1137 (1985).
11. Decremps F, Zhang J, Liebermann RC,: New phase boundary and high-pressure thermoelasticity of ZnO. Europhys Lett 51, 268 - 274 (2000).
12. Domnich V, Gogotsi Y, Dub S,: Effect of phase transformations on the shape of the unloading curve in the nanoindentation of silicon. Appl Phys Lett 76, 2214 - 2216 (2000).
13. Fang TH, Kang SH,: Mechanical property evaluation of ZnO thin films using nanoindentation and scanning probe microscope. Adv Mater Res 55-57, 609 - 612 (2008).
14. Gassilloud R, Ballif C, Gasser P, Buerki G, Michler J,: Deformation mechanisms of silicon during nanoscratching. Phys Status Solidi A 202, 2858 - 2869 (2005).
15. Gindl W, Gupta HS, Schöberl T, Lichtenegger HC, Fratzl P,: Mechanical properties of spruce wood cell walls by nanoindentation. Appl Phys A 79, 2069 - 2073 (2004).
16. Graeves N, Meneau F,: Probing the dynamics of instability in zeolitic materials. J Phys Condens Matter 16, S3459 - S3472 (2004).
17. Greene RG, Luo H, Ruoff AL,: High pressure X-ray and Raman study of ZnSe. J Phys Chem Solids 56, 521 - 524 (1995).
18. Grillo SE, Ducarroir M, Nadal M, Tournie E, Faurie JP,: Nanoindentation of Si, GaP, GaAs and ZnSe single crystals. J Phys D Appl Phys 36, L5 - L9 (2003).
19. 3 up to 53 GPa. Phys Rev B 81, 054115/1 - 054115/10 (2010).
20. Hakamada M, Mabuchi M,: Processing of nanoporous gold by dealloying and its morphological control. Mater Sci Forum 561-565, 1657 - 1660 (2007).
21. Hertz H,: Über die Berührung fester elastischer Körper. J Reine Angew Math 92, 156 - 171 (1882).
22. Hainsworth SV, Chandler HW, Page TF,: Analysis of nanoindentation load-displacement loading curves. J Mater Res 11, 1987 - 1995 (1996).
23. Hu JZ, Merkle LD, Menoni CS, Spain IL,: Crystal data for high-pressure phases of silicon. Phys Rev B 34, 4679 - 4684 (1986).
24. Ishidate T, Isonuma T,: Phase transition of strontium titanate under high pressure. Ferroelectrics 137, 45 - 52 (1992).
25. Jackson MP, Halsall MP, Gungerich M, Klar PJ, Heimbrodt W, et al,.: Vibrational properties of GaP and GaP1-xNx under hydrostatic pressures up to 30 GPa. Phys Status Solid B 244, 336 - 341 (2007).
26. Kailer A, Nickel KG, Gogotsi YG,: Raman microspectroscopy of nanocrystalline and amorphous phases in hardness indentations. J Raman Spectrosc 30, 939 - 946 (1999).
27. Karzel H, Potzel W, Koefferlein M, Schiessl W, Steiner M, et al.,: Lattice dynamics and hyperfine interactions in ZnO and ZnSe at high external pressures. Phys Rev B 53, 11425 - 11438 (1996).
28. Kaupp G,: Atomic Force Microscopy, Scanning Nearfield Optical Microscopy and Nanoscratching'Application to Rough and Natural Surfaces, Chapter 3, Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg, New York, 177 - 227 (2006); Erratum: ISBN 978-3-540-28405-5 (2006).
29. Kaupp G, Naimi-Jamal MR,: Nanoscratching on surfaces: the relationships between lateral force, normal force and normal displacement. Z Metallkd, Int J Mater Res 95, 297 - 305 (2004).
30. Kaupp G, Naimi-Jamal MR,: Quantitative evaluation of nanoindents: do we need more reliable mechanical parameters for the characterization of materials? Z Metallkd, Int J Mater Res 96, 1226 - 1236 (2005a).
31. Kaupp G, Naimi-Jamal MR,: Mechanically induced molecular migrations in molecular crystals. CrystEngComm 7, 402 - 410 (2005b).
32. Klopfstein MJ, Lucca DA, Cantwell G,: Effects of illumination on the response of (0001)ZnO to nanoindentation. Phys Stat Solid A 196, R1 - R3 (2003).
33. Knapp JA, Follstaedt DM, Myers SM, Barbour JC, Friedmann TA,: Finite-element modeling of nanoindentation. J Appl Phys 85, 1460 - 1474 (1999).
34. Le Bourhis E, Patriarche G,: Nanoindentation investigation of solid-solution strengthening in III-V semiconductor alloys. Z Metallkd, Int J Mater Res 96, 1237 - 1241 (2005).
35. Leger JM, Tomaszewski PE, Atouf A, Pereira AS,: Pressure-induced, structural, phase transitions in zirconia under high pressure. Phys Rev B 47, 14075 - 14083 (1993).
36. Lide DR, (Ed.): Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 86th ed., CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton (2005 -2006).
37. Lin CM, Chuu DS, Yang TJ, Chou WC, Xu JA, et al.,: Raman spectroscopy study of ZnSe and Zn0.16Fe0.16Se at high pressures. Phys Rev B 55, 13641 - 13646 (1997).
38. Malzbender J, de With G,: Indentation load-displacement curve, plastic deformation, and energy. J Mater Res 17, 502 - 511 (2002).
39. Meinhard H, Grau P, Berg G, Mosch S,: Hardness and flow behavior of glass in the nanometer range. An interpretation of the load dependence of the hardness. Glass Sci Technol 70, 333 - 339 (1997).
40. Meza JM, Abbes F, Troyon M,: Penetration depth and tip radius dependence on the correction factor in nanoindentation measurements. J Mater Res 23, 725 - 731 (2008).
41. Mujica A, Needs RJ,: Theoretical study of the high-pressure phase stability of GaP, InP, and InAs. Phys Rev B 55, 9659 - 9670 (1997).
42. Mujica A, Rubio A, Munoz A, Needs RJ,: High-pressure phases of group-IV, III-V, and II-VI compounds. Rev Mod Phys 75, 863 - 912 (2003).
43. Mukhopadhyay NK, Paufler P,: Micro- and nanoindentation techniques for mechanical characterization of materials. Int Mater Rev 51, 209 - 245 (2006).
44. Naimi-Jamal MR, Kaupp G,: Unusual architecture of the exceedingly tough Macadamia "nut"-shell as revealed by atomic force microscopy and nanomechanics. Int J Mater Res 98, 438 - 445 (2007).
45. Naimi-Jamal MR, Kaupp G,: New nanoindentation and nanoscratching parameters of thermoplastics. Macromol Symp 274, 72 - 80 (2008).
46. Nelmes RJ, McMahon MI,: Structural transitions in the Group IV, III-V, and II-VI semiconductors under pressure. In Semiconductors and Semimetals. Vol. 54, Academic Press, New York, 145 - 246 (1998).
47. 2 under high temperature and high pressure. Phys Rev B 63, 174108/1 - 174108/8 (2001).
48. Okrusch M, Matthes S,: Mineralogie, 7th ed., Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, 111 and 115 (2005).
49. Olijnyk H, Sikka SK, Holzapfel WB,: Structural phase transitions in silicon and germanium under pressures up to 50 GPa. Phys Lett A 103, 137 - 140 (1984).
50. Oliver WC, Pharr GM,: An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments. J Mater Res 7, 1564 - 1583 (1992).
51. Oyen ML, Cook RF,: A practical guide for analysis of nanoindentation data. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2, 396 - 407 (2009).
52. Palacio JF, Bull SJ,: Dynamic indentation measurements on amorphous materials. Z Metallkd, Int J Mater Res 95, 335 - 339 (2004).
53. Patriarche G, Le Bourhis E,: Non-linear solid solution strengthening of InGaAs alloy. J Mater Sci Lett 20, 43 - 45 (2001).
54. Roy NN, Steward EG,: Compression of aluminum up to about 200 kilobars and evidence of a structure change. Nature 224, 905 - 905 (1969).
55. Shibutani Y, Tsuru T,: Nanoindentation-induced collective dislocation behavior and nanoplasticity. Key Eng Mater 340-341, 39 - 48 (2007).
56. Soare S, Bull SJ, Oila A, O'Neill AG, Wright NG, et al.,: Obtaining mechanical parameters for metallization stress sensor design using nanoindentation. Int J Mater Res 96, 1262 - 1266 (2005).
57. Thurn J, Morris DJ, Cook RF,: Depth-sensing indentation at macroscopic dimensions. J Mater Res 17, 2679 - 2690 (2002).
58. Trachenko K, Dove M,: Intermediate state in pressurized silica glass: reversibility window analogue. Phys Rev B 67, 212203/1 - 212203/3 (2003).
59. Tranchida D, Piccarolo S, Soliman M,: Nanoscale mechanical characterization of polymers by AFM nanoindentations: critical approach to the elastic characterization. Macromolecules 39, 4547 - 4556 (2006).
60. Troyon M, Huang L,: Critical examination of the two-slope method in nanoindentation. J Mater Res 20, 2194 - 2198 (2005).
61. Tsui TY, Oliver WC, Pharr GM,: Indenter geometry effects on the measurement of mechanical properties by nanoindentation with sharp indenters. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc 436, 147 - 152 (1997).
62. Tsuji K, Katayama Y, Kanda H, Nosaka H,: Amorphization from the quenched high-pressure phase in tetrahedrally-bonded materials. J Non-Crystalline Solids 198-200, 24 - 27 (1996). (Pubitemid 126355999)
63. Wang TH, Fang TH, Lin YC,: Finite-element analysis of the mechanical behavior of Au/Cu and Cu/Au multilayers on silicon substrate under nanoindentation. Appl Phys A 90, 457 - 463 (2008).
64. Weber M, Schoeberl T, Roschger P, Klaushofer K, Fratzl P,: Relating local bone stiffness and calcium content by combined nanoindentation and backscattered electron imaging. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc 874, 79 - 84 (2005).
65. Weir ST, Vohra YK, Vanderborgh CA, Ruoff AL,: Structural phase transitions in gallium arsenide to 108 GPa. Phys Rev B 39, 1280 - 1285 (1989).
66. Wesch, W, Ridgway M,: The rapid amorphization of In0.53Ga0.47As relative to both InAs and GaAs. Mater Sci Semiconductor Processing 7, 35 - 38 (2004).
67. Wimmer R, Lucas BN, Tsui TY, Oliver WC,: Longitudinal hardness and Young's modulus of spruce tracheid secondary walls using nanoindentation technique. Wood Sci Technol 31, 131 - 141 (1997).
68. Wolf B,: Inference of mechanical properties from instrumented depth sensing indentation at tiny loads and indentation depths. Cryst Res Technol 35, 377 - 399 (2000).
69. Wolf B, Richter A, Günther M,: Approaches of quantifying the entire load-depth curve in terms of hardness. Z Metallkd 94, 807 - 812 (2003).
70. Xu JA, Hu JZ,: X-ray diffraction under high pressure. Wuli Xxuebao 26, 521 - 525 (1977).
71. Yang F,: Effect of subsurface damage on indentation behavior of ground ULE™ glass. J Non-cryst Solids 351, 3861 - 3865 (2005).
72. Ye J, Mishra RK, Pelton AR, Minor AM,: Direct observation of the NiTi martensitic phase transformation in nanoscale volumes. Acta Mater 58, 490 - 498 (2009).
73. Zarudi I, Zou J, Zhang LC,: Microstructures of phases in indented silicon: a high resolution characterization. Appl Phys Lett 82, 874 - 876 (2003a).
74. Zarudi I, Zhang LC, Swain MV,: Behavior of monocrystalline silicon under cyclic microindentations with a spherical indenter. Appl Phys Lett 82, 1027 - 1029 (2003b).
75. Zeng K, Chiu CH,: An analysis of load-penetration curves from instrumented indentation. Acta Mater 49, 3539 - 3551 (2001).