Drug delivery systems in domestic animal species

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology

Volumn 199, Issue , 2010, Pages 79-112

  Brayden, David J ^a   Oudot, Emilie J M ^a   Baird, Alan W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

Author keywords

ABC transporters; Epithelial drug transport; Intraruminal devices; Ivermectin formulation; P glycoprotein efflux; Topical delivery; Veterinary drug delivery; Veterinary drug interactions

Indexed keywords

ABC TRANSPORTER; ANTHELMINTIC AGENT; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; ANTIPARASITIC AGENT; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CHLORHEXIDINE; FENTANYL; FIPRONIL; FRONTLINE TOP SPOT; GENTAMICIN; IMIDACLOPRID; INSULIN; IVERMECTIN; IVOMEC MAXIMIZER; IVOMEC POUR ON; IVOMEC SR; KENNEL COUGH VACCINE; LIDOCAINE; LIPOSOME; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; MORANTEL TARTRATE; NICOTINE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PIRBUTEROL; PROGESTERONE; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; RECOMBINANT HUMAN INSULIN; REVOLUTION; SALMETEROL; SELAMECTIN; STREPTOMYCIN; THEOPHYLLINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; BIODEGRADABILITY; BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER; BOVIDS; BRUCELLOSIS; CONJUNCTIVITIS; CONTRACEPTION; CONTROLLED DRUG RELEASE; COUGHING; DOMESTIC ANIMAL; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG FORMULATION; DRUG IMPLANT; DRUG INDICATION; DRUG PENETRATION; DRUG SAFETY; FERTILITY; HUMAN; HUMAN VERSUS ANIMAL COMPARISON; IN VITRO STUDY; MASTITIS; NANOTECHNOLOGY; NONHUMAN; PERIODONTAL DISEASE; PHARMACODYNAMICS; PHARMACOGENOMICS; POSTOPERATIVE PAIN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; SUSTAINED DRUG RELEASE; TRANSDERMAL PATCH; VETERINARY MEDICINE; ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; FEMALE; INFUSION; INHALATIONAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; INTRANASAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; METHODOLOGY; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION;

ADMINISTRATION, INHALATION; ADMINISTRATION, INTRANASAL; ADMINISTRATION, ORAL; ANIMALS; ANIMALS, DOMESTIC; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS; FEMALE; FERTILITY; HUMANS; INFUSIONS, PARENTERAL; RUMINANTS; SPECIES SPECIFICITY;

EID: 77953673808     PISSN: 01712004     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-10324-7_4     Document Type: Review

References (176)

1. Alcon V, Baca-Estrada M, Vega-Lopez M, Willson P, Babiuk LA, Kumar P, Hecker R, FoldvariM (2005) Mucosal delivery of bacterial antigens and CpG oligonucleotides formulated in biphasic lipid vesicles in pigs. AAPS J 7:E566-E571
2. Alvarez AI, Merino G, Molina AJ, Pulido MM, McKellar QA, Prieto JG (2006) Role of ABC transporters in veterinary drug research and parasite resistance. Curr Drug Deliv 3:199-206
3. Aragon CL, Read MR, Gaynor JS, Barnhart MD, Wilson D, Papich MG (2009) Pharmacokinetics of an immediate and extended release oral morphine formulation utilizing the spheroidal oral drug absorption system in dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 32:129-136
4. Arther RG, Cunningham J, Dorn H, Everett R, Herr LG, Hopkins T (1997) Efficacy of imidacloprid for removal and control of fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) on dogs. Am J Vet Res 58:848-850
5. Aslan V, Maden M, Erganis O, Birdane FM, Corlu M (2002) Clinical efficacy of florfenicol in the treatment of calf respiratory tract infections. Vet Q 24:35-39
6. Baeyens V, Percicot C, Zignani M, Deshpande AA, Kaltsatos V, Gurny R (1997) Ocular drug delivery in veterinary medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 28:335-361
7. Baeyens V, Felt-Baeyens O, Rougier S, Pheulpin S, Boisramé B, Gurny R (2002) Clinical evaluation of bioadhesive ophthalmic drug inserts (BODI) for the treatment of external ocular infections in dogs. J Control Release 85:163-168
8. Ball AM, Smith KM (2008) Optimizing transdermal drug therapy. Am J Health Syst Pharm 65:1337-1346
9. Baltes S, Gastens AM, Fedrowitz M, Potschka H, Kaever V, Löscher W (2007) Differences in the transport of the antiepileptic drugs phenytoin, levetiracetam and carbamazepine by human and mouse P-glycoprotein. Neuropharmacology 52:333-346
10. Barbet JL, Snook T, Gay JM, Mealey K (2009) ABCB1-1 Delta (MDR1-1 Delta) genotype is associated with adverse reactions in dogs treated with milbemycin oxime for generalized demodicosis. Vet Dermatol 20:111-114
11. Barbu E, Sarvaiya I, Green KL, Nevell TG, Tsibouklis J (2005) Vinylpyrrolidone-co-(meth) acrylic acid inserts for ocular drug delivery: synthesis and evaluation. J Biomed Mater Res A 74:598-606
12. Beal MW, Poppenga RH, Birdsall WJ, Hughes D (1999) Respiratory failure attributable to moxidectin intoxication in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 215:1813-1817
13. Bernstein G (2008) Delivery of insulin to the buccal mucosa utilizing the RapidMist1 system. Exp Opin Drug Deliv 5:1047-1055
14. Bidwell LA, Wilson DV, Caron JP (2007) Lack of systemic absorption of lidocaine from 5% patches placed on horses. Vet Anaesth Analg 34:443-446
15. Bishop BF, Bruce CI, Evans NA, Goudie AC, Gration KA, Gibson SP, Pacey MS, Perry DA, Walshe ND, Witty MJ (2000) Selamectin: a novel broad-spectrum endectocide for dogs and cats. Vet Parasitol 91:163-176
16. Blagburn BL, Vaughan JL, Butler JM, Parks SC (1999) Dose titration of an injectable formulation of lufenuron in cats experimentally infested with fleas. Am J Vet Res 60:1513-1515
17. Bodmeier R, Chen H, Davidson RG, Hardee GE (1997) Microencapsulation of antimicrobial ceftiofur drugs. Pharm Dev Technol 2:323-334
18. Brand W, Schutte ME, Williamson G, Van Zanden JJ, Cnubben NH, Groten JP, Van Bladeren PJ, Rietjens IM (2006) Flavonoid-mediated inhibition of intestinal ABC transporters may affect the oral bioavailability of drugs, food-borne toxic compounds and bioactive ingredients. Biomed Pharmacother 60:508-519
19. Brayden DJ, Griffin J (2008) Avermectin transepithelial transport in MDR1- and MRP-transfected canine kidney monolayers. Vet Res Commun 32:93-106
20. Campbell WC, BenzGW (1984) Ivermectin: a review of efficacy and safety. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 7:1-16
21. Cardinal JR (1997) Intraruminal devices. Adv Drug Del Rev 28:303-322
22. Clark JN, Pulliam JD, Daurio CP (1992) Safety study of a beef-based chewable tablet formulation of ivermectin and pyrantel pamoate in growing dogs, pups, and breeding adult dogs. Am J Vet Res 53:608-612
23. Cleland WP Jr (2001) Opportunities and obstacles in veterinary dental drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 50:261-275
24. Cochet P, Birckel P, Bromet-Petit M, Bromet N, Weil A (1997) Skin distribution of fipronil by microautoradiography following topical administration to the Beagle dog. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 22:211-216
25. Collett A, Higgs NB, Sims E, Rowland M, Warhurst G (1999) Modulation of the permeability of H2 receptor antagonists cimetidine and ranitidine by P-glycoprotein in rat intestine and the human colonic cell line Caco-2. J Pharm Exp Ther 288:171-178
26. Collnot EM, Baldes C, Wempe MF, Hyatt J, Navarro L, Edgar KJ, Schaefer UF, Lehr CM (2006) Influence of vitamin E TPGS poly(ethylene glycol) chain length on apical efflux transporters in Caco-2 cell monolayers. J Control Release 111:35-40
27. Conrad S, Viertelhaus A, Orzechowski A, Hoogstraate J, Gjellan K, Schrenk D, Hans-Martin K (2001) Sequencing and tissue distribution of the canine MRP2 gene compared with MRP1 and MDR1. Toxicology 156:81-91
28. Cross PS, Künnemeyer R, Bunt CR, Carnegie DA, Rathbone MJ (2004) Control, communication and monitoring of intravaginal drug delivery in dairy cows. Int J Pharm 282:35-44
29. Culot M, Lundquist S, Vanuxeem D, Nion S, Landry C, Delplace Y, Dehouck MP, Berezowski V, Fenart L, Cecchelli R (2008) An in vitro blood-brain barrier model for high throughput (HTS) toxicological screening. Toxicol In Vitro 22:799-811
30. Davidson AL, Maloney PC (2007) ABC transporters: how small machines do a big job. Trends Microbiol 15:448-455
31. Davis JL, Gilger BC, Robinson MR (2004) Novel approaches to ocular drug delivery. Curr Opin Mol Ther 6:195-205
32. Davis R, Jayappa H, Abdelmagid OY, Armstrong R, Sweeney D, Lehr C (2007) Comparison of the mucosal immune response in dogs vaccinated with either an intranasal avirulent live culture or a subcutaneous antigen extract vaccine of Bordetella bronchiseptica. Vet Ther 8:32-40
33. DeClue AE, Leverenz EF, Wiedmeyer CE, Bryan ME, Reinero CR (2008) Glucose-lowering effects of inhaled insulin in cats. J Feline Med Surg 10:519-522
34. Derksen FJ, Olszewski M, Robinson NE, Berney C, Lloyd JW, Hakala J, Matson C, Ruth D (1996) Use of a hand-held, metered-dose aerosol delivery device to administer pirbuterol acetate to horses with 'heaves'. Equine Vet J 28:306-310
35. Dietrich CG, Geier A, Oude-Elferink RPJ (2003) ABC of oral bioavailability: transporters as gatekeepers in the gut. Gut 52:1788-1795
36. Dixit N, Bali V, Baboota S, Ahuja A, Ali J (2007) Iontophoresis - an approach for controlled drug delivery:a review. Curr Drug Deliv 4:1-10
37. Dowling PM, Russell AM (2000) Pharmacokinetics of a long-acting oxytetracycline-polyethylene glycol formulation in horses. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 23:107-110
38. Dryden MW, Denenberg TM, Bunch S (2000) Control of fleas on naturally infested dogs and cats and in private residences with topical spot applications of fipronil or imidacloprid. Vet Parasitol 93:69-75
39. Eagleson JS, Carrigan MJ, Webb RF (1987) Avermectin B1 toxicity in a herd of Murray Grey cattle. Aust Vet J 64:284-285
40. Edgerton DS, Cherrington AD, Neal DW, Scott M, Lautz M, Hobbs CH, Leach C, Brown N, Petro J, Del Parigi A, Strack TR (2009) Inhaled insulin is associated with prolonged enhancement of glucose disposal in muscle and liver in the canine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 328:970-975
41. Egger CM, Glerum L, Michelle Haag K, Rohrbach BW (2007) Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of transdermal fentanyl patches for the relief of post-operative pain in dogs after anterior cruciate ligament and pelvic limb repair. Vet Anaesth Analg 34:200-208
42. Ehinger AM, Kietzmann M (2000) Tissue distribution of benzylpenicillin after intramammary administration in the isolated perfused bovine udder. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 23:303-310
43. Fischetti M (2001) Working knowledge: killer drops. Sci Am 285:92-93
44. Fletcher NF, Brayden DJ, Brankin B, Worrall S, Callanan JJ (2006) Growth and characterisation of a cell culture model of the feline blood-brain barrier. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 109:233-244
45. Föger F, Hoyer H, Kafedjiiski K, Thaurer M, Bernkop-Schnürch A (2006) In vivo comparison of various polymeric and low molecular mass inhibitors of intestinal P-glycoprotein. Biomaterials 27:5855-5860
46. Fourie PB, Germishuizen WA, Wong YL, Edwards DA (2008) Spray-drying TB vaccines for pulmonary administration. Expert Opin Biol Ther 8:857-863
47. Frenais R, Burgaud S, Horspool LJI (2009) Pharmacokinetics of controlled-release carbimazole tablets support once daily dosing in cats. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 31:213-219
48. Gavini E, Sanna V, Juliano C, Bonferoni MC, Giunchedi P (2002) Mucoadhesive vaginal tablets as veterinary delivery system for the controlled release of an antimicrobial drug, acriflavine. AAPS PharmSciTech 3:E20
49. Gehring R, Smith GW (2006) An overview of factors affecting the disposition of intramammary preparations used to treat bovine mastitis. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 29:237-241
50. Geyer J, Gavrilova O, Petzinger E (2009) Brain penetration of ivermectin and selamectin in mdr1a, b P-glycoprotein- and bcrp- deficient knockout mice. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 32:87-96
51. Gore AV, Chien YW (1998) The nicotine transdermal system. Clin Dermatol 16:599-615
52. Grace ND, Knowles SO, Sinclair GR, Lee J (2003) Growth response to increasing doses of microencapsulated vitamin B12 and related changes in tissue vitamin B12 concentrations in cobalt-deficient lambs. N Z Vet J 51:89-92
53. Grant A, Grant N, Abbott J, Janigro D (1998) Understanding the physiology of the blood-brain barrier: In vitro models. News Physiol Sci 13:287-293
54. Griffin J, Fletcher N, Clemence R, Blanchflower S, Brayden DJ (2005) Selamectin is a potent substrate and inhibitor of human and canine P-glycoprotein. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 28:257-265
55. Gruet P, Gaillard C, Boisramé B, Duffaut D, Grimoud AM, Camy G (1995) Use of an oral antiseptic bioadhesive tablet in dogs. J Vet Dent 12:87-91
56. Gruet P, Maincent P, Berthelot X, Kaltsatos V (2001) Bovine mastitis and intramammary drug delivery: review and perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 50:245-259
57. Gulay MS, Hayen MJ, Liboni M, Belloso TI, Wilcox CJ, Head HH (2004) Low doses of bovine somatotropin during the transition period and early lactation improves milk yield, efficiency of production, and other physiological responses of Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 87:948-960
58. Guy AJ, Schuerch FS, Heffernan S, Thomson PC, O'Brien JK, McGreevy PD (2008) The effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on behavioural responses of captive female hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas). Anim Reprod Sci 108:412-424
59. Hammond SA, Tsonis C, Sellins K, Rushlow K, Scharton-Kersten T, Colditz I, Glenn GM (2000) Transcutaneous immunization of domestic animals: opportunities and challenges. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 43:45-55
60. Han C, Qi CM, Zhao BK, Cao J, Xie SY, Wang SL, Zhou WZ (2009) Hydrogenated castor oil nanoparticles as carriers for the subcutaneous administration of tilmicosin: in vitro and in vivo studies. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 32:116-123
61. Hanes PJ, Purvis JP (2003) Local anti-infective therapy: pharmacological agents. A systematic review. Ann Periodontal 8:79-98
62. Hart BL, Cliff KD, Tynes VV, Bergman L (2005) Control of urine marking by use of long-term treatment with fluoxetine or clomipramine in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 226:378-382
63. Henrikson SL, Rush BR (2001) Efficacy of salmeterol xinafoate in horses with recurrent airway obstruction. J Am Vet Med Assoc 218:1961-1965
64. Herndon CM (2007) Iontophoretic drug delivery system: focus on fentanyl. Pharmacotherapy 27:745-754
65. Hinchcliffe M, Jabbal-Gill I, Smith A (2005) Effect of chitosan on the intranasal absorption of salmon calcitonin in sheep. J Pharm Pharmacol 57:681-687
66. Hirasawa M, Hayashi K, Takada K (2000) Measurement of peptidase activity and evaluation of effectiveness of administration of minocycline for treatment of dogs with periodontitis. Am J Vet Res 61:1349-1352
67. Hofmeister EH, Egger CM (2004) Transdermal fentanyl patches in small animals. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 40:468-478
68. Holtzman CW, Wiggins BS, Spinler SA (2006) Role of P-glycoprotein in statin drug interactions. Pharmacotherapy 26:1601-1607
69. Hubatsch I, Ragnarsson EG, Artursson P (2007) Determination of drug permeability and prediction of drug absorption in Caco-2 monolayers. Nat Protoc 2:2111-2119
70. Hunter RP, Isaza R (2002) Zoological pharmacology: current status, issues, and potential. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 54:787-793
71. Hutchinson MJ, Jacobs DE, Fox MT, Jeannin P, Postal JM (1998) Evaluation of flea control strategies using fipronil on cats in a controlled simulated home environment. Vet Rec 142:356-357
72. Jansen M, Darby I, Abribat T, Dubreuil P, Ferdinandi ES, Hardy JG (2004) Pulmonary delivery of TH9507, a growth hormone releasing factor analogue, in the dog. Int J Pharm 276:75-81
73. Johnson CA, Thompson DL, Sullivan SA, Gibson JW, Tipton AJ, Simon BW, Burns PJ (1999) Biodegradable delivery systems for estradiol: comparison between poly(DL-lactide) microspheres and the SABER delivery system. Proc Int Symp Control Release Bioact Mater 26:74-75
74. Johnstone RW, Ruefli AA, Smyth MJ (2000) Multiple physiological functions for multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein? Trends Biochem Sci 25:1-6
75. Jones RM (1983) Therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of morantel when administered directly into the rumen of cattle on a continuous basis. Vet Parasitol 12:223-232
76. Juliano RL, Ling V (1976) A surface glycoprotein modulating drug permeability in Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants. Biochim Biophys Acta 11:152-162
77. Junaidi A, Williamson PE, Martin GB, Stanton PG, Blackberry MA, Cummins JM, Trigg TE (2007) Pituitary and testicular endocrine responses to exogenous gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinising hormone in male dogs treated with GnRH agonist implants. Reprod Fertil Dev 19:891-898
78. Kikuvi GM, Mitema ES, Buoro IB (2001) The pharmacokinetics of a long-acting oxytetracycline formulation in healthy dogs and in dogs infected with Ehrlichia canis.VetResCommun 25:391-400
79. Kim S, Kengaku K, Tanaka T, Kamomae H (2004) The therapeutic effects of a progesteronereleasing intravaginal device (PRID) with attached estradiol capsule on ovarian quiescence and cystic ovarian disease in postpartum dairy cows. J Reprod Dev 50:341-348
80. Ko J, Weil A, Maxwell L, Kitao T, Haydon T (2007) Plasma concentrations of lidocaine in dogs following lidocaine patch application. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 43:280-283
81. Ko JC, Maxwell LK, Abbo LA, Weil AB (2008) Pharmacokinetics of lidocaine following the application of 5% lidocaine patches to cats. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 31:359-367
82. Kyles AE, Papich M, Hardie EM (1996) Disposition of transdermally- administered fentanyl in dogs. Am J Vet Res 57:715-719
83. Laffont CM, Bousquet-Mélou A, Bralet D, Alvinerie M, Fink-Gremmels J, Toutain PL (2003) A pharmacokinetic model to document the actual disposition of topical ivermectin in cattle. Vet Res 34:445-460
84. Lavy E, Steinman A, Soback S (2006) Oral controlled-release formulation in veterinary medicine. Crit Rev Drug Carrier Syst 23:165-204
85. Leavell S, Wright B, Scappino L, Sirriyah J, Chen C, Clements JD, Burkhard MJ (2005) Induction of serum and mucosal FIV-specific immune responses by intranasal immunization with p24Gag. Vaccine 23:1471-1478
86. Lespine A, Alvinerie M, Vercruysse J, Prichard RK, Geldhof P (2008) ABC transporter modulation: a strategy to enhance the activity of macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics. Trends Parasitol 24:293-298
87. Li M, Yuan H, Li N, Song G, Zheng Y, Baratta M, Hua F, Thurston A, Wang J, Lai Y (2008) Identification of interspecies difference in efflux transporters of hepatocytes from dog, rat, monkey and human. Eur J Pharm Sci 35:114-126
88. Lok JB, Knight DH, Nolan TJ, Grubbs ST, Cleale RM, Heaney K (2005) Efficacy of an injectable, sustained-release formulation of moxidectin in preventing experimental heartworm infection in mongrel dogs challenged 12 months after administration. Vet Parasitol 128:129-135
89. Löscher W, Potschka H (2005) Drug resistance in brain diseases and the role of drug efflux transporters. Nat Rev Neurosci 6:591-602
90. Lui CY, Amidon GL, Goldberg A (1991) Intranasal absorption of flurazepam, midazolam and triazolam in dogs. J Pharm Sci 80:1125-1129
91. Luna-Tortós C, Fedrowitz M, Löscher W (2008) Several major antiepileptic drugs are substrates for human P-glycoprotein. Neuropharmacology 55:1364-1375
92. Ma L, Pratt SE, Cao J, Dantzig AH, Moore RE, Slapak CA (2002) Identification and characterization of the canine multidrug resistance- associated protein. Mol Cancer Ther 1:1335-1342
93. Makhey VD, Guo A, Norris DA, Hu P, Yan J, Sinko PJ (1998) Characterization of the regional intestinal kinetics of drug efflux in rat and human intestine and in Caco-2 cells. Pharm Res 15:1160-1167
94. Malavasi LM, Nyman G, Augustsson H, Jacobson M, Jensen-Waern M (2006) Effects of epidural morphine and transdermal fentanyl analgesia on physiology and behaviour after abdominal surgery in pigs. Lab Anim 40:16-27
95. Martinez M, Modric S, Sharkey M, Troutman L, Walker L, Mealey K (2008a) The pharmacogenomics of P-glycoprotein and its role in veterinary medicine. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 31:285-300
96. Martinez M, Rathbone M, Burgess D, Huynh M (2008b) In vitro and in vivo considerations associated with parenteral sustained release products: a review based upon information presented and points expressed at the 2007 Controlled Release Society Annual Meeting. J Control Release 129:79-87
97. Matschke C, Isele U, Van Hoogevest P, Fahr A (2002) Sustained-release injectables formed in situ and their potential use for veterinary products. J Control Release 85:1-15
98. McConnel CS, House JK (2007) Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis antimicrobial therapy. Aust Vet J 85:65-69
99. Mealey KL (2004) Therapeutic implications of the MDR-1 gene. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 27:257-264
100. Mealey KL (2008) Canine ABCB1 and macrocyclic lactones: heartworm prevention and pharmacogenetics. Vet Parasitol 158:215-222
101. Mealey KL, Bentjen SA, Gay JM, Cantor GH (2001) Ivermectin sensitivity in Collies is associated with a deletion mutation of the mdr1 gene. Pharmacogenetics 11:727-733
102. Mealey KL, Bentjen SA, Waiting DK (2002) Frequency of the mutant MDR1 allele associated with ivermectin sensitivity in a sample population of collies from the northwestern United States. Am J Vet Res 63:479-481
103. Mealey KL, Northrup NC, Bentjen SA (2003) Increased toxicity of P-glycoprotein-substrate chemotherapeutic agents in a dog with the MDR1 deletion mutation associated with ivermectin sensitivity. J Am Vet Med Assoc 223:1453-1455
104. Mealey KL, Greene S, Bagley R, Gay J, Tucker R, Gavin P, Schmidt K, Nelson F (2008) Pglycoprotein contributes to the blood-brain, but not blood-CSF, barrier in a spontaneous canine P-glycoprotein knockout model. Drug Metab Dispos 36:1073-1109
105. Medlicott NJ, Waldron NA, Foster TP (2004) Sustained release veterinary parenteral products. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 56:1345-1365
106. Merino G, Alvarez AI, Pulido MM, Molina AJ, Schinkel AH, Prieto JG (2006) Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) transports fluoroquinolone antibiotics and affects their oral availability, pharmacokinetics, and milk secretion. Drug Metab Dispos 34:690-695
107. Miller JA, Davey RB, Oehler DD, Pound JM, George JE (2001) The Ivomec SR Bolus for control of Boophilus annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae) on cattle in South Texas. J Econ Entomol 94:1622-1627
108. Miller DS, Bauer B, Hartz AM (2008) Modulation of P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier: opportunities to improve central nervous system pharmacotherapy. Pharmacol Rev 60:196-209
109. Mills PC, Cross SE (2006) Transdermal drug delivery: basic principles for the veterinarian. Vet J 172:218-233
110. Mills PC, Cross SE (2007) Regional differences in transdermal penetration of fentanyl through equine skin. Res Vet Sci 82:252-256
111. Mitri J, Pittas AG (2009) Inhaled insulin - what went wrong? Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 5:24-25
112. Murrell JC, Robertson SA, Taylor PM, McCown JL, Bloomfield M, Sear JW (2007) Use of a transdermal matrix patch of buprenorphine in cats: preliminary pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data. Vet Rec 160:578-583
113. Nakagawa S, Deli MA, Kawaguchi H, Shimizudani T, Shimono T, Kittel A, Tanaka K, Niwa M (2009) A new blood-brain barrier model using primary rat brain endothelial cells, pericytes and astrocytes. Neurochem Int [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19111869
114. Narahashi T, Zhao X, Ikeda T, Nagata K, Yeh JZ (2007) Differential actions of insecticides on target sites: basis for selective toxicity. Hum Exp Toxicol 26:361-366
115. Naz RK, Gupta SK, Gupta JC, Vyas HK, Talwar AG (2005) Recent advances in contraceptive vaccine development: a mini-review. Hum Reprod 20:3271-3283
116. Nicoletti P, Lenk RP, Popescu MC, Swenson CE (1989) Efficacy of various treatment regimens, using liposomal streptomycin in cows with brucellosis. Am J Vet Res 50:1004-1007
117. Novotny MJ, Krautmann MJ, Ehrhart JC, Godin CS, Evans EI, McCall JW, Sun F, Rowan TG, Jernigan AD (2000) Safety of selamectin in dogs. Vet Parasitol 91:377-391
118. Park HM, Han HR (2002) Production and characterization of biodegradable Povidone-iodine microsphere as an intramammary disinfectant. J Vet Med Sci 64:739-741
119. Paul AJ, Tranquilli WJ, Seward RL, Todd KS, Di Pietro JA (1987) Clinical observations in Collies given ivermectin orally. Am J Vet Res 48:684-685
120. Paul AJ, Tranquilli WJ, Hutchens DE (2000) Safety of moxidectin in avermectin-sensitive collies. Am J Vet Res 61:482-483
121. Pekcec A, Unkrüer B, Stein V, Bankstahl JP, Soerensen J, Tipold A, Baumgärtner W, Potschka H (2008) Over-expression of P-glycoprotein in the canine brain following spontaneous status epilepticus. Epilepsy Res [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19059762
122. Ploegaert TC, De Vries Reilingh G, Nieuwland MG, Lammers A, Savelkoul HF, Parmentier HK (2007) Intratracheally administered pathogen-associated molecular patterns affect antibody responses of poultry. Poult Sci 86:1667-1676
123. Poller B, Gutmann H, Krähenbühl S, Weksler B, Romero I, Couraud PO, Tuffin G, Drewe J, Huwyler J (2008) The human brain endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3 as a human blood-brain barrier model for drug transport studies. J Neurochem 107:1358-1368
124. Pollmeier M, Toulemonde C, Fleishman C, Hanson PD (2006) Clinical evaluation of firocoxib and carprofen for the treatment of dogs with osteoarthritis. Vet Rec 159:547-551
125. Polson AM, Southard GL, Dunn RL, Yewey GL, Godowski KC, Polson AP, Fulfs JC, Laster L (1996) Periodontal pocket treatment in beagle dogs using subgingival doxycycline from a biodegradable system. I. Initial clinical responses. J Periodontol 67:1176-1184
126. Pulido MM, Molina AJ, Merino G, Mendoza G, Prieto JG, Alvarez AI (2006) Interaction of enrofloxacin with breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2): influence of flavonoids and role in milk secretion in sheep. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 29:279-287
127. Quinn T, O'Mahony R, Baird AW, Drudy D, Whyte P, Fanning S (2006) Multi-drug resistance in Salmonella enterica: efflux mechanisms and their relationships with the development of chromosomal resistance gene clusters. Curr Drug Targets 7:849-860
128. Rathbone MJ, Martinez MN (2002) Modified release drug delivery in veterinary medicine. Drug Discov Today 7:823-829
129. Rathbone MR, Macmillan KL, Bunt CR, Burggraaf S (1997) Conceptual and commercially available intravaginal veterinary drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 28:363-392
130. Rathbone MJ, Kinder JE, Fike K, Kojima F, Clopton D, Ogle CR, Bunt CR (2001) Recent advances in bovine reproductive endocrinology and physiology and their impact on drug delivery system design for the control of the estrous cycle in cattle. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 50:277-320
131. Rathbone MJ, Bunt CR, Ogle CR, Burggraaf S, Macmillan KL, Pickering K (2002) Development of an injection molded poly(epsilon-caprolactone) intravaginal insert for the delivery of progesterone to cattle. J Control Release 85:61-71
132. Rebelatto MC, Guimond P, Bowersock TL, HogenEsch H (2001) Induction of systemic and mucosal immune response in cattle by intranasal administration of pig serum albumin in alginate microparticles. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 83:93-105
133. Rehbein S, Batty AF, Barth D, Visser M, Timms BJ, Barrick RA, Eagleson JS (1998) Efficacy of an ivermectin controlled release capsule against nematode and arthropod endoparasites in sheep. Vet Rec 142:331-334
134. Rehbein S, Visser M, Yoon S, Marley SE (2007) Efficacy of a combination ivermectin/praziquantel paste against nematodes, cestodes and bots in naturally infected ponies. Vet Rec 161:722-724
135. Riviere J (2007) The future of veterinary therapeutics: a glimpse towards 2030. Vet J 174:462-471
136. Riviere J, Brooks JD (2009) Determination of the effective dermal penetration barrier pH of porcine skin. J Vet Pharmacol (In Press) DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2008.01055.x
137. Riviere JE, Papich MG (2001) Potential and problems of developing transdermal patches for veterinary applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 50:175-203
138. Roberts LM, Black DS, Raman C, Woodford K, Zhou M, Haggerty JE, Yan AT, Cwirla SE, Grindstaff KK (2008) Subcellular localization of transporters along the rat blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebral-spinal fluid barrier by in vivo biotinylation. Neuroscience 155:423-438
139. Rossi J (2006) Implanting beef cattle. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension. http://pubs. caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubcd/B1302.htm. Accessed January, 2009
140. Rothenberg SE, Sackman JE, Numerof RE (2009) Breaking out of the blockbuster model in animal health. Animal Pharm (World Animal Health and Nutrition News) 652:5-7
141. Rothen-Weinhold A, Gurney R, Dahn M (2000) Formulation and technology aspects of controlled drug delivery in animals. Pharm Sci Technol Today 3:222-231
142. Roulet A, Puel O, Gesta S, Lepage JF, Drag M, Soll M, Alvinerie M, Pineau T (2003) MDR1- deficient genotype in Collie dogs hypersensitive to the P-glycoprotein substrate ivermectin. Eur J Pharmacol 460:85-91
143. Rozanski EA, Bach JF, Shaw SP (2007) Advances in respiratory therapy. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 37:963-974
144. Sarasola P, Jernigan AD, Walker DK, Castledine J, Smith DG, Rowan TG (2002) Pharmacokinetics of selamectin following intravenous, oral and topical administration in cats and dogs. J Vet Pharm Ther 25:265-272
145. Schaffert D, Wagner E (2008) Gene therapy progress and prospects: synthetic polymer-based systems. Gene Ther 15:1131-1138
146. Scheerlinck JP, Greenwood DL (2006) Particulate delivery systems for animal vaccines. Methods 40:118-124
147. Schinkel AH, Smit JJ, Van Tellingen O, Beijnen JH, Wagenaar E, Van Deemter L, Mol CA, Van Der Valk MA, Robanus-Maandag EC, Te Riele HP, Berns, AJM, Borst, P (1994) Disruption of the mouse mdr1a P-glycoprotein gene leads to a deficiency in the blood-brain barrier and to increased sensitivity to drugs. Cell 77:491-502
148. Schleis SE, LeBlanc AK, Neilsen NR, LeBlanc CJ (2008) Flow cytometric evaluation of multidrug resistance proteins on grossly normal canine nodal lymphocyte membranes. Am J Vet Res 69:1310-1315
149. Schrickx JA, Fink-Gremmels J (2008) Implications of ABC transporters on the disposition of typical veterinary medicine products. Eur J Pharmacol 585:510-519
150. Sendelbeck L, Moore D, Urquhart J (1975) Comparative distribution of pilocarpine in ocular tissues of the rabbit during administration by eyedrop or by membrane-controlled delivery systems. Am J Ophthalmol 80:274-283
151. Shao ZJ (2001) Aquaculture pharmaceuticals and biologicals: current perspectives and future possibilities. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 50:229-243
152. Simpson BS, Landsberg GM, Reisner IR, Ciribassi JJ, Horwitz D, Houpt KA, Kroll TL, Luescher A, Moffat KS, Douglass G, Robertson-Plouch C, Veenhuizen MF, Zimmerman A, Clark TP (2007) Effects of Reconcile1 (fluoxetine) chewable tablets plus behavior management for canine separation anxiety. Vet Ther 8:18-31
153. Smith M, Omidi Y, Gumbleton M (2007) Primary porcine brain microvascular endothelial cells: biochemical and functional characterisation as a model for drug transport and targeting. J Drug Target 15:253-268
154. Smith LJ, KuKanich B, Hogan BK, Brown C, Heath TD, Krugner-Higby LA (2008) Pharmacokinetics of a controlled-release liposome-encapsulated hydromorphone administered to healthy dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 31:415-422
155. Snowden NJ, Helyar CV, Platt SR, Penderis J (2006) Clinical presentation and management of moxidectin toxicity in two dogs. J Small Anim Pract 47:620-624
156. Stanley AC, Buxton D, Innes EA, Huntley JF (2004) Intranasal immunisation with Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite antigen encapsulated into PLG microspheres induces humoral and cellmediated immunity in sheep. Vaccine 22:3929-3941
157. Streubel A, Siepmann J, Bodmeier R (2006) Drug delivery to the upper small intestine window using gastroretentive technologies. Curr Opin Pharmacol 6:501-508
158. Stride BD, Grant CE, Loe DW, Hipfner DR, Cole SPC, Deeley RG (1997) Pharmacological characterization of the murine and human orthologs of multidrug-resistance protein in transfected human embryonic kidney cells. Mol Pharmacol 52:344-353
159. Sun H, Chow Edwin CY, Liu S, Du Y, Sandy PK (2008) The Caco-2 cell monolayer: usefulness and limitations. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 4:395-411
160. Sutton SC (2004) Companion animal physiology and dosage form performance. Adv Drug Del Rev 56:1383-1398
161. Tang F, Horie K, Borchardt RT (2002) Are MDCK cells transfected with the human MDR1 gene a good model of the human intestinal mucosa? Pharm Res 19:765-772
162. Terasaki T, Ohtsuki S, Hori S, Takanaga H, Nakashima E, Hosoya K-I (2003) New approaches to in vitro models of blood-brain barrier drug transport. Drug Discov Today 8:944-954
163. Thombre AG (2004) Oral delivery of medications to companion animals: palatability considerations. Adv Drug Del Rev 56:1399-1410
164. Torre ML, Giunchedi P, Maggi L, Stefli R, Machiste EO, Conte U (1998) Formulation and characterization of calcium alginate beads containing ampicillin. Pharm Dev Technol 3:193-198
165. Tranquilli WJ, Paul AJ, Todd KS (2001) Assessment of toxicosis induced by high-dose administration of milbemycin oxime in collies. Am J Vet Res 52:1170-1172
166. Wahlig H, Dingeldein E, Bergmann R, Reuss K (1978) The release of gentamicin from polymethylmethacrylate beads. An experimental and pharmacokinetic study. J Bone Joint Surg Br 60-B: 270-275
167. Walters KA, Roberts MS (1993) Drugs and the pharmaceutical sciences. Vol.59 Pharmaceutical skin penetration enhancement. Chapter 16: Veterinary applications of skin penetration enhancers. Marcel Dekker Inc New York, pp 345-364
168. Whang EM, Bauer C, Kollmann D, Bürger HJ (1994) Efficacy of two formulations ('injectable' and 'pour on') of moxidectin against gastrointestinal nematode infections in grazing cattle. Vet Parasitol 51:271-281
169. Winzenburg G, Schmidt C, Fuchs S, Kissel T (2004) Biodegradable polymers and their potential use in parenteral veterinary drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 56:1453-1466
170. Witchey-Lakshmanan LC (1999) Long-acting control of ectoparasites: a review of collar technologies for companion animals. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 38:113-122
171. Withrow SJ, Liptak JM, Straw RC, Dernell WS, Jameson VJ, Powers BE, Johnson JL, Brekke JH, Douple EB (2004) Biodegradable cisplatin polymer in limb-sparing surgery for canine osteosarcoma. Ann Surg Oncol 11:705-713
172. Wolf S (2008) Current status of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in Europe. Jpn J Opthamol 52:433-439
173. Wu H, Hu K, Jiang X (2008) From nose to brain: understanding transport capacity and transport rate of drugs. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 5:1159-1168
174. Xu FR, Pan BL, Wang YW, Pan ZD, Dai XX, Liu PH, Wang M (2007) Pharmacokinetics of injectable long-acting ivermectin aqueous suspension following subcutaneous administration in sheep. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 30:486-488
175. Yas-Natan E, Shamir M, Kleinbert S, Aroch I (2003) Doramectin toxicity in a collie. Vet Rec 153:718-720
176. Zhou SF (2008) Structure, function and regulation of P-glycoprotein and its clinical relevance in drug disposition. Xenobiotica 38:802-832