Anticancer vaccine strategies

Handbook of Listeria Monocytogenes

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 481-511

  Seavey, Matthew M ^a   Verch, Thorsten ^a   Paterson, Yvonne ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77951735091     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (187)

1. Leen, A.M., Rooney, C.M., and Foster, A.E., Improving T cell therapy for cancer, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 25, 243, 2007.
2. Buchsel, P.C., and DeMeyer, E.S., Dendritic cells: Emerging roles in tumor immunotherapy, Clin. J. Oncol. Nurs. 10, 629, 2006.
3. Hussain, S. F., and Paterson, Y., What is needed for effective antitumor immunotherapy? Lessons learned using Listeria monocytogenes as a live vector for HPV-associated tumors, Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 54, 577, 2005.
4. Banchereau, J., and Palucka, A.K., Dendritic cells as therapeutic vaccines against cancer, Nat. Rev. Immunol. 5, 296, 2005.
5. Coley, W.B., The treatment of malignant tumors by repeated inoculations of erysipelas: With a report of 10 original cases, Am. J. Med. Sci. 105, 487, 1893.
6. Coley, W.B., The treatment of inoperable sarcoma by bacterial toxins (the mixed toxins of the streptococcus of erysipelas and the Bacillus prodigiosus), Practitioner 83, 589, 1909.
7. Wiemann, B., and Starnes, C.O., Coley’s toxins, tumor necrosis factor and cancer research: A historical perspective, Pharmacol. Ther. 64, 529, 1994.
8. Schreiber, H. et al., Unique tumor-specific antigens, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 6, 465, 1988.
9. Boon, T. et al., Tumor antigens recognized by T lymphocytes, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 12, 337, 1994.
10. Chomez, P. et al., An overview of the MAGE gene family with the identification of all human members of the family, Cancer Res. 61, 5544, 2001.
11. Overwijk, W.W. et al., Vaccination with a recombinant vaccinia virus encoding a “self” antigen induces autoimmune vitiligo and tumor cell destruction in mice: Requirement for CD4(+) T lymphocytes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 2982, 1999.
12. Berd, D., Cancer vaccines: Reborn or just recycled? Semin. Oncol. 25, 605, 1998.
13. York, I.A., and Rock, K.L., Antigen processing and presentation by the class I major histocompatibility complex, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 14, 369, 1996.
14. Huang, A.Y. et al., Role of bone marrow-derived cells in presenting MHC class I-restricted tumor antigens, Science 264, 961, 1994.
15. Pardoll, D.M., Cancer vaccines, Nat. Med. 4, 525, 1998.
16. Pace, J.L. et al., Comparative effects of various classes of mouse interferons on macrophage activation for tumor cell killing, J. Immunol. 134, 977, 1985.
17. + T cells requires tumor responsiveness to IFN-gamma, J. Immunol. 166, 2276, 2001.
18. + T cells through IL-12 produced by Listeria-induced macrophages, Science 260, 547, 1993.
19. Manetti, R. et al., Natural killer cell stimulatory factor (interleukin 12 [IL-12]) induces T helper type 1 (Th1)-specific immune responses and inhibits the development of IL-4-producing Th cells, J. Exp. Med. 177, 1199, 1993.
20. Boehm, U. et al., Cellular responses to interferon-gamma, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 15, 749, 1997.
21. Trinchieri, G., and Scott, P., Interleukin-12: Basic principles and clinical applications, Curr. Topics Microbiol. Immunol. 238, 57, 1999.
22. Shu, U. et al., Activated T cells induce interleukin-12 production by monocytes via CD40-CD40 ligand interaction, Eur. J. Immunol. 25, 1125, 1995.
23. Cella, M. et al., Ligation of CD40 on dendritic cells triggers production of high levels of interleukin-12 and enhances T cell stimulatory capacity: T-T help via APC activation, J. Exp. Med. 184, 747, 1996.
24. Creasey, A.A., Reynolds, M.T., and Laird, W., Cures and partial regression of murine and human tumors by recombinant human tumor necrosis factor, Cancer Res. 46, 5687, 1986
25. Haranaka, K., Satomi, N., and Sakurai, A., Antitumor activity of murine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) against transplanted murine tumors and heterotransplanted human tumors in nude mice, Int. J. Cancer 34, 263, 1984.
26. Rosenberg, S.A., Immunotherapy of cancer by systemic administration of lymphoid cells plus interleukin-2, J. Biol. Respon. Modif. 3, 501, 1984.
27. Rosenberg, S.A. et al., Regression of established pulmonary metastases and subcutaneous tumor mediated by the systemic administration of high-dose recombinant interleukin 2, J. Exp. Med. 161, 1169, 1985.
28. Winkelhake, J.L., Stampfl, S., and Zimmerman, R.J., Synergistic effects of combination therapy with human recombinant interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor in murine tumor models, Cancer Res. 47, 3948, 1987.
29. Dranoff, G. et al., Vaccination with irradiated tumor cells engineered to secrete murine granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulates potent, specific, and long-lasting anti-tumor immunity, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 3539, 1993.
30. Tepper, R.I., Coffman, R.L., and Leder, P., An eosinophil-dependent mechanism for the antitumor effect of interleukin-4, Science 257, 548, 1992.
31. June, C.H. et al., Role of the CD28 receptor in T-cell activation, Immunol. Today 11, 211, 1990.
32. Melero, I., Bach, N., and Chen, L., Costimulation, tolerance and ignorance of cytolytic T lymphocytes in immune responses to tumor antigens, Life Sci. 60, 2035, 1997.
33. Fuchs, E.J., and Matzinger, P., Is cancer dangerous to the immune system? Semin. Immunol. 8, 271, 1996.
34. Wortzel, R.D., Philipps, C., and Schreiber, H., Multiple tumor-specific antigens expressed on a single tumor cell, Nature 304, 165, 1983.
35. Urban, J.L. et al., Mechanisms of syngeneic tumor rejection. Susceptibility of host-selected progressor variants to various immunological effector cells, J. Exp. Med. 155, 557, 1982.
36. Uyttenhove, C., Maryanski, J., and Boon, T., Escape of mouse mastocytoma P815 after nearly complete rejection is due to antigen-loss variants rather than immunosuppression, J. Exp. Med. 157, 1040, 1983.
37. Hui, K., Grosveld, F., and Festenstein, H., Rejection of transplantable AKR leukemia cells following MHC DNA-mediated cell transformation, Nature 311, 750, 1984.
38. Haywood, G.R., and McKhann, C.F., Antigenic specificities on murine sarcoma cells. Reciprocal relationship between normal transplantation antigens (H-2) and tumor-specific immunogenicity, J. Exp. Med. 133, 1171, 1971.
39. Trowsdale, J. et al., Expression of HLA-A, -B, and-C and beta 2-microglobulin antigens in human choriocarcinoma cell lines, J. Exp. Med. 152, 11s, 1980.
40. Wallich, R. et al., Abrogation of metastatic properties of tumor cells by de novo expression of H-2K antigens following H-2 gene transfection, Nature 315, 301, 1985.
41. Restifo, N.P. et al., Defective presentation of endogenous antigens by a murine sarcoma. Implications for the failure of an antitumor immune response, J. Immunol. 147, 1453, 1991.
42. Singh, R., and Paterson, Y., Immunoediting sculpts tumor epitopes during immunotherapy, Cancer Res. 67, 1887, 2007.
43. Torre-Amione, G. et al., A highly immunogenic tumor transfected with a murine transforming growth factor type beta 1 cDNA escapes immune surveillance, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 1486, 1990.
44. O’Connell, J. et al., The Fas counterattack: Fas-mediated T cell killing by colon cancer cells expressing Fas ligand, J. Exp. Med. 184, 1075, 1996.
45. Paterson, Y., The relationship between intra-cellular bacterial life-styles and immune responsiveness to bacterial delivered antigens. In Intracellular bacterial vaccine vectors. Paterson, Y., ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1-24, 1999.
46. Pan, Z.K. et al., A recombinant Listeria monocytogenes vaccine expressing a model tumor antigen protects mice against lethal tumor cell challenge and causes regression of established tumors, Nat. Med. 1, 471, 1995.
47. Pan, Z.K., Weiskirch, L.M., and Paterson, Y., Regression of established B16F10 melanoma with a recombinant Listeria monocytogenes vaccine, Cancer Res. 59, 5264, 1999.
48. Starks, H. et al., Listeria monocytogenes as a vaccine vector: Virulence attenuation or existing antivector immunity does not diminish therapeutic efficacy, J. Immunol. 173, 420, 2004.
49. Gaillard, J.L. et al., In vitro model of penetration and intracellular growth of Listeria monocytogenes in the human enterocyte-like cell line Caco-2, Infect. Immun. 55, 2822, 1987.
50. Tilney, L.G., and Portnoy, D.A., Actin filaments and the growth, movement, and spread of the intracellular bacterial parasite, Listeria monocytogenes, J. Cell Biol. 109, 1597, 1989.
51. Camilli, A., Tilney, L.G., and Portnoy, D.A., Dual roles of plcA in Listeria monocytogenes pathogenesis, Mol. Microbiol. 8, 143, 1993.
52. Marquis, H. et al., Intracytoplasmic growth and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes auxotrophic mutants, Infect. Immun. 61, 3756, 1993.
53. Kocks, C. et al., L. monocytogenes-induced actin assembly requires the actA gene product, a surface protein, Cell 68, 521, 1992.
54. Cossart P. et al., Listeriolysin O is essential for virulence of Listeria monocytogenes: Direct evidence obtained by gene complementation, Infect. Immun. 57, 3629, 1989.
55. Vazquez-Boland, J.A. et al., Nucleotide sequence of the lecithinase operon of Listeria monocytogenes and possible role of lecithinase in cell-to-cell spread, Infect. Immun. 60, 219, 1992.
56. Portnoy, D.A. et al., Molecular determinants of Listeria monocytogenes pathogenesis, Infect. Immun. 60, 1263, 1992.
57. Mackaness, G.B., The influence of immunologically committed lymphoid cells on macrophage activity in vivo, J. Exp. Med. 129, 973, 1969.
58. Unanue, E.R., Studies in listeriosis show the strong symbiosis between the innate cellular system and the T-cell response, Immunol. Rev. 158, 11, 1997.
59. Mata, M., and Paterson, Y., Th1 T cell responses to HIV-1 Gag protein delivered by a Listeria monocytogenes vaccine are similar to those induced by endogenous listerial antigens, J. Immunol. 163, 1449, 1999.
60. Southwick, F.S., and Purich, D.L., Intracellular pathogenesis of listeriosis, New Engl. J. Med. 334, 770, 1996.
61. Pamer, E.G., Immune responses to Listeria monocytogenes, Nat. Rev. Immunol. 4, 812, 2004.
62. + T cells after acute infection, Nat. Immunol. 5, 927, 2004.
63. Cerundolo, V., T cells work together to fight cancer, Curr. Biol. 9, R695, 1999.
64. Bottino, C., Moretta, L., and Moretta, A., NK cell activating receptors and tumor recognition in humans, Curr. Topics Microbiol.Immunol. 298, 175, 2006.
65. Ferrarini, M. et al., Human γδ T cells: A nonredundant system in the immune-surveillance against cancer, Trends Immunol. 23, 14, 2002.
66. Weiss, S., and Chakraborty, T., Transfer of eukaryotic expression plasmids to mammalian host cells by bacterial carriers, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 12, 467, 2001.
67. Chabalgoity, J.A. et al., Live bacteria as the basis for immunotherapies against cancer, Expert Rev. Vaccines 1, 495, 2002.
68. Pawelek, J.M., Low, K.B., and Bermudes, D., Bacteria as tumor-targeting vectors, Lancet Oncol. 4, 548, 2003.
69. Gunn, G.R., Zubair, A., and Paterson, Y., Harnessing bacteria for cancer immunotherapy. In Vaccines: Delivery systems, Goebel, W., and Dietrich, G., eds. Scientific Horizon Press, Norwich, U.K., 315-348, 2002.
70. Bishop, D.K., and Hinrichs, D.J., Adoptive transfer of immunity to Listeria monocytogenes. The influence of in vitro stimulation on lymphocyte subset requirements, J. Immunol. 139, 2005, 1987.
71. Gunn, G.R. et al., Two Listeria monocytogenes vaccine vectors that express different molecular forms of human papilloma virus-16 (HPV-16) E7 induce qualitatively different T cell immunity that correlates with their ability to induce regression of established tumors immortalized by HPV-16, J. Immunol. 167, 6471, 2001.
72. Smith, K., and Youngman, P., Use of a new integrational vector to investigate compartment-specific expression of the Bacillus subtilis spoIIM gene, Biochimie 74, 705, 1992.
73. Wirth, R., An, F.Y., and Clewell, D.B., Highly efficient protoplast transformation system for Streptococcus faecalis and a new Escherichia coli-S. faecalis shuttle vector, J. Bacteriol. 165, 831, 1986.
74. Ikonomidis, G. et al., Delivery of a viral antigen to the class I processing and presentation pathway by Listeria monocytogenes, J. Exp. Med. 180, 2209, 1994.
75. Ripio, M. T. et al., Transcriptional activation of virulence genes in wild-type strains of Listeria monocytogenes in response to a change in the extracellular medium composition, Res. Microbiol. 147, 371, 1996.
76. Cheers, C. et al., Resistance and susceptibility of mice to bacterial infection: Course of listeriosis in resistant or susceptible mice, Infect. Immun. 19, 763, 1978.
77. Singh, R. et al., Fusion to listeriolysin O and delivery by Listeria monocytogenes enhances the immunogenicity of HER-2/neu and reveals subdominant epitopes in the FVB/N mouse, J. Immunol. 175, 3663, 2005.
78. Boyer, J. D. et al., DNA prime Listeria boost induces a cellular immune response to SIV antigens in the rhesus macaque model that is capable of limited suppression of SIV239 viral replication, Virology 333, 88, 2005.
79. Milenbachs Lukowiak, A. et al., Deregulation of Listeria monocytogenes virulence gene expression by two distinct and semi-independent pathways, Microbiology 150, 321, 2004.
80. Kohler, S. et al., The gene coding for protein p60 of Listeria monocytogenes and its use as a specific probe for Listeria monocytogenes, Infect. Immun. 58, 1943, 1990.
81. Kohler, S. et al., Expression of the iap gene coding for protein p60 of Listeria monocytogenes is controlled on the posttranscriptional level, J. Bacteriol. 173, 4668, 1991.
82. Verch, T., Pan, Z.K., and Paterson, Y., Listeria monocytogenes-based antibiotic resistance gene-free antigen delivery system applicable to other bacterial vectors and DNA vaccines, Infect. Immun. 72, 6418, 2004.
83. Park, S.F., and Stewart, G.S., High-efficiency transformation of Listeria monocytogenes by electroporation of penicillin-treated cells, Gene 94, 129, 1990.
84. Shen, H. et al., Recombinant Listeria monocytogenes as a live vaccine vehicle for the induction of protective antiviral cell-mediated immunity, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 3987, 1995.
85. Pilgrim, S. et al., Bactofection of mammalian cells by Listeria monocytogenes: Improvement and mechanism of DNA delivery, Gene Ther. 10, 2036, 2003.
86. Decatur, A.L., and Portnoy, D.A., A PEST-like sequence in listeriolysin O essential for Listeria monocytogenes pathogenicity, Science 290, 992, 2000.
87. Dubail, I., Berche, P., and Charbit, A., Listeriolysin O as a reporter to identify constitutive and in vivoinducible promoters in the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, Infect. Immun. 68, 3242, 2000.
88. Sewell, D.A. et al., Recombinant Listeria vaccines containing PEST sequences are potent immune adjuvants for the tumor-associated antigen human papillomavirus-16 E7, Cancer Res. 64, 8821, 2004.
89. Sewell, D.A. et al., Regression of HPV-positive tumors treated with a new Listeria monocytogenes vaccine, Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 130, 92, 2004.
90. Peters, C., and Paterson, Y., Enhancing the immunogenicity of bioengineered Listeria monocytogenes by passaging through live animal hosts, Vaccine 21, 1187, 2003.
91. Vahidy, R., Waseem, M., and Khalid, S.M., A comparative study of unpassaged and animal passaged cultures of Listeria monocytogenes in rabbits, Ann. Acad. Med. Singapore 25, 139, 1996.
92. + T cells in the spleen and GALT by parenteral or mucosal immunization using recombinant Listeria monocytogenes-HIV-Gag, J. Immunol. 170, 5176, 2003.
93. Lecuit, M. et al., A transgenic model for listeriosis: Role of internalin in crossing the intestinal barrier, Science 292, 1722, 2001.
94. Pan, Z.K. et al., Regression of established tumors in mice mediated by the oral administration of a recombinant Listeria monocytogenes vaccine, Cancer Res. 55, 4776, 1995.
95. Lin, C.W. et al., Oral vaccination with recombinant Listeria monocytogenes expressing human papillomavirus type 16 E7 can cause tumor growth in mice to regress, Int. J. Cancer 102, 629, 2002.
96. Jensen, E.R. et al., Recombinant Listeria monocytogenes vaccination eliminates papillomavirus-induced tumors and prevents papilloma formation from viral DNA, J. Virol. 71, 8467, 1997.
97. Christensen, N.D., Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) model system to test antiviral and immunotherapeutic strategies, Antiviral Chem. Chemother. 16, 355, 2005.
98. Liau, L.M. et al., Tumor immunity within the central nervous system stimulated by recombinant Listeria monocytogenes vaccination, Cancer Res. 62, 2287, 2002.
99. Brockstedt, D.G. et al., Listeria-based cancer vaccines that segregate immunogenicity from toxicity, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 13832, 2004.
100. Bruhn, K. W. et al., Characterization of anti-self CD8 T-cell responses stimulated by recombinant Listeria monocytogenes expressing the melanoma antigen TRP-2, Vaccine 23, 4263, 2005.
101. Tindle, R.W., Human papillomavirus vaccines for cervical cancer, Curr. Opin. Immunol. 8, 643, 1996.
102. Stanley, M., Coleman, N., and Chambers, M., The host response to lesions induced by human papillomavirus, Ciba Foundation Symposium 187, 21, 1994.
103. Palefsky, J.M., and Barrasso, R., HPV infection and disease in men, Obst. Gynecol. Clin. N. Am. 23, 895, 1996.
104. Unger, E.R. et al., Human papillomavirus type in anal epithelial lesions is influenced by human immunodeficiency virus, Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 121, 820, 1997.
105. Braun, L., Role of human immunodeficiency virus infection in the pathogenesis of human papillomavirus-associated cervical neoplasia, Am. J. Pathol. 144, 209, 1994.
106. Petry, K.U. et al., Cellular immunodeficiency enhances the progression of human papillomavirus-associated cervical lesions, Int. J. Cancer 57, 836, 1994.
107. Ho, G.Y. et al., Risk of genital human papillomavirus infection in women with human immunodeficiency virus-induced immunosuppression, Int. J. Cancer 56, 788, 1994.
108. Sun, X.W. et al., Human papillomavirus infection in women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, New Engl. J. Med. 337, 1343, 1997.
109. Ellis, J.R. et al., The association of an HPV16 oncogene variant with HLA-B7 has implications for vaccine design in cervical cancer, Nat. Med. 1, 464, 1995.
110. Gillison, M.L. et al., Evidence for a causal association between human papillomavirus and a subset of head and neck cancers, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 92, 709, 2000.
111. Lowy, D.R., Kirnbauer, R., and Schiller, J.T., Genital human papillomavirus infection, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 2436, 1994.
112. Seedorf, K. et al., Identification of early proteins of the human papilloma viruses type 16 (HPV 16) and type 18 (HPV 18) in cervical carcinoma cells, EMBO J. 6, 139, 1987.
113. Tindle, R.W., and Frazer, I.H., Immune response to human papillomaviruses and the prospects for human papillomavirus-specific immunisation, Curr. Topics Microbiol. Immunol. 186, 217, 1994.
114. Scheffner, M. et al., The E6 oncoprotein encoded by human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 promotes the degradation of p53, Cell 63, 1129, 1990.
115. Lin, K.Y. et al., Treatment of established tumors with a novel vaccine that enhances major histocompatibility class II presentation of tumor antigen, Cancer Res. 56, 21, 1996.
116. Sakaguchi, S. et al., Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by activated T cells expressing IL-2 receptor alpha-chains (CD25). Breakdown of a single mechanism of self-tolerance causes various autoimmune diseases, J. Immunol. 155, 1151, 1995.
117. Piccirillo, C.A., and Shavach, E.M., Cutting edge: control of CD8(+) T cell activation by CD4(+)CD25(+) immunoregulatory cells, J. Immunol. 167, 1137, 2001.
118. Onizuka, S. et al., Tumor rejection by in vivo administration of anti-CD25 (interleukin-2 receptor alpha) monoclonal antibody, Cancer Res. 59, 3128, 1999.
119. Read, S., Malmstrom, V., and Powrie, F., Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 plays an essential role in the function of CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory cells that control intestinal inflammation, J. Exp. Med. 192, 295, 2000.
120. Chang, H.L. et al., Increased transforming growth factor beta expression inhibits cell proliferation in vitro, yet increases tumorigenicity and tumor growth of Meth A sarcoma cells, Cancer Res. 53, 4391, 1993
121. + Suppressor T cells that secrete inhibitory cytokines TGF- beta and IL-10 are preferentially induced by a vaccine vector, J. Immunother. 27, 339, 2004.
122. Rechsteiner, M., and Rogers, S.W., PEST sequences and regulation by proteolysis, Trends Biochem. Sci. 21, 267, 1996.
123. Rogers, S., Wells, R., and Rechsteiner, M., Amino acid sequences common to rapidly degraded proteins: The PEST hypothesis, Science 234, 364, 1986.
124. + T cells capable of eradicating a solid tumor in a transgenic mouse model of cancer, Cancer Immun. 7, 2, 2007.
125. Derbinski, J. et al., Promiscuous gene expression in medullary thymic epithelial cells mirrors the peripheral self, Nat. Immunol. 2, 1032, 2001.
126. Gallegos, A.M., and Bevan, M.J., Central tolerance to tissue-specific antigens mediated by direct and indirect antigen presentation, J. Exp. Med. 200, 1039, 2004.
127. Anderson, M. S. et al., Projection of an immunological self shadow within the thymus by the Aire protein, Science 298, 1395, 2002.
128. Liston, A. et al., Aire regulates negative selection of organ-specific T cells, Nat. Immunol. 4, 350, 2003.
129. Anderson, M.S. et al., The cellular mechanism of Aire control of T cell tolerance, Immunity 23, 227, 2005.
130. Liston, A. et al., Gene dosage-Limiting role of Aire in thymic expression, clonal deletion, and organ-specific autoimmunity, J. Exp. Med. 200, 1015, 2004.
131. Ercolini, A.M. et al., Recruitment of latent pools of high-avidity CD8(+) T cells to the antitumor immune response, J. Exp. Med. 201, 1591, 2005.
132. Auewarakul, P., Gissmann, L., and Cid-Arregui, A., Targeted expression of the E6 and E7 oncogenes of human papillomavirus type 16 in the epidermis of transgenic mice elicits generalized epidermal hyperplasia involving autocrine factors, Mol. Cell Biol. 14, 8250, 1994.
133. Riezebos-Brilman, A. et al., Induction of human papilloma virus E6/E7-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity in immune-tolerant, E6/E7-transgenic mice, Gene Ther. 12, 1410, 2005.
134. Lambert, P.F. et al., Epidermal cancer associated with expression of human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and E7 oncogenes in the skin of transgenic mice, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 5583, 1993.
135. Herd, K. et al., E7 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus type 16 expressed constitutively in the epidermis has no effect on E7-specific B- or Th-repertoires or on the immune response induced or sustained after immunization with E7 protein, Virology 231, 155, 1997.
136. Doan, T. et al., Mice expressing the E7 oncogene of HPV16 in epithelium show central tolerance, and evidence of peripheral energizing tolerance, to E7-encoded cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes, Virology 244, 352, 1998.
137. Melero, I. et al., Immunological ignorance of an E7-encoded cytolytic T-lymphocyte epitope in transgenic mice expressing the E7 and E6 oncogenes of human papillomavirus type 16, J. Virol. 71, 3998, 1997
138. Frazer, I.H. et al., Split tolerance to a viral antigen expressed in thymic epithelium and keratinocytes, Eur. J. Immunol. 28, 2791, 1998.
139. + T-cell responses in mice expressing human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein from the keratin-14 promoter, J. Virol. 75, 5985, 2001.
140. Kiessling, R. et al., Cellular immunity to the Her-2/neu protooncogene, Adv. Cancer Res. 85, 101, 2002.
141. Treurniet, H.F. et al., Differences in breast cancer risk factors to neu (c-erbB-2) protein overexpression of the breast tumor, Cancer Res. 52, 2344, 1992.
142. Weiner, D.B. et al., A point mutation in the neu oncogene mimics ligand induction of receptor aggregation, Nature 339, 230, 1989.
143. Siegel, P.M., and Muller, W.J., Mutations affecting conserved cysteine residues within the extracellular domain of Neu promote receptor dimerization and activation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 8878, 1996.
144. Klapper, L.N. et al., The ErbB-2/HER2 oncoprotein of human carcinomas may function solely as a shared coreceptor for multiple stroma-derived growth factors, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 4995, 1999.
145. Prenzel, N. et al., The epidermal growth factor receptor family as a central element for cellular signal transduction and diversification, Endocrine-Related Cancer 8, 11, 2001.
146. Disis, M.L. et al., Existent T-cell and antibody immunity to HER-2/neu protein in patients with breast cancer, Cancer Res. 54, 16, 1994.
147. Tuttle, T.M. et al., Proliferative and cytokine responses to class II HER-2/neu-associated peptides in breast cancer patients, Clin. Cancer Res. 4, 2015, 1998.
148. Brugger, W. et al., Approaches to dendritic cell-based immunotherapy after peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 872, 363, 1999.
149. Disis, M.L. et al., Generation of immunity to the HER-2/neu oncogenic protein in patients with breast and ovarian cancer using a peptide-based vaccine, Clin. Cancer Res. 5, 1289, 1999.
150. Disis, M.L. et al., Pre-existent immunity to the HER-2/neu oncogenic protein in patients with HER-2/neu overexpressing breast and ovarian cancer, Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 62, 245, 2000.
151. Disis, M.L., and Cheever, M.A., HER-2/neu protein: A target for antigen-specific immunotherapy of human cancer, Adv. Cancer Res. 71, 343, 1997.
152. Coronella, J.A. et al., Evidence for an antigen-driven humoral immune response in medullary ductal breast cancer, Cancer Res. 61, 7889, 2001.
153. Disis, M.L. et al., High-titer HER-2/neu protein-specific antibody can be detected in patients with earlystage breast cancer, J. Clin. Oncol. 15, 3363, 1997.
154. Ercolini, A.M. et al., Identification and characterization of the immunodominant rat HER-2/neu MHC class I epitope presented by spontaneous mammary tumors from HER-2/neu-transgenic mice, J. Immunol. 170, 4273, 2003.
155. Muller, W.J., Expression of activated oncogenes in the murine mammary gland: Transgenic models for human breast cancer, Cancer Metastasis Rev. 10, 217, 1991.
156. Guy, C.T. et al., Expression of the neu protooncogene in the mammary epithelium of transgenic mice induces metastatic disease, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 10578, 1992.
157. + T-cell epitopes in a FVB/N rat HER-2/neu mouse model of breast cancer, Cancer Res. 66, 7748, 2006.
158. Singh, R., and Paterson, Y., In the FVB/N HER-2/neu transgenic mouse both peripheral and central tolerance limit the immune response targeting HER-2/neu induced by Listeria monocytogenes-based vaccines, Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 56, 927, 2007.
159. Lollini, P.L. et al., Down-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I expression in mammary carcinoma of HER-2/neu transgenic mice, Int. J. Cancer 77, 937, 1998.
160. Nagata, Y. et al., Peptides derived from a wild-type murine proto-oncogene c-erbB-2/HER2/neu can induce CTL and tumor suppression in syngeneic hosts, J. Immunol. 159, 1336, 1997.
161. Peng, X., Hussain, S.F., and Paterson, Y., The ability of two Listeria monocytogenes vaccines targeting human papillomavirus-16 E7 to induce an antitumor response correlates with myeloid dendritic cell function, J. Immunol. 172, 6030, 2004.
162. Neeson, P., Pan, Z.-K., and Paterson, Y., Listeriolysin O is an improved protein carrier for lymphoma immunoglobulin idiotype and provides protection against 38C13 lymphoma, Cancer Immunol. Immunother., 2007 Sep 18; [Epub ahead of print].
163. Schafer, R. et al., Induction of a cellular immune response to a foreign antigen by a recombinant Listeria monocytogenes vaccine, J. Immunol. 149, 53, 1992.
164. Lauvau, G. et al., Priming of memory but not effector CD8 T cells by a killed bacterial vaccine, Science 294, 1735, 2001.
165. von Koenig, C.H., Finger, H., and Hof, H., Failure of killed Listeria monocytogenes vaccine to produce protective immunity, Nature 297, 233, 1982.
166. Brockstedt, D.G. et al., Killed but metabolically active microbes: A new vaccine paradigm for eliciting effector T-cell responses and protective immunity, Nat. Med. 11, 853, 2005.
167. Datta, S.K. et al., Vaccination with irradiated Listeria induces protective T cell immunity, Immunity 25, 143, 2006.
168. Hamilton, S.E. et al., Listeriolysin O-deficient Listeria monocytogenes as a vaccine delivery vehicle: Antigen-specific CD8 T cell priming and protective immunity, J. Immunol. 177, 4012, 2006.
169. Dietrich, G. et al., Live attenuated bacteria as vectors to deliver plasmid DNA vaccines, Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther. 5, 10, 2003.
170. Dietrich, G. et al., Delivery of DNA vaccines by attenuated intracellular bacteria, Immunol. Today 20, 251-253, 1999.
171. Lamikanra, A. et al., Regression of established human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) immortalized tumors in vivo by vaccinia viruses expressing different forms of HPV-16 E7 correlates with enhanced CD8(+) T-cell responses that home to the tumor site, J. Virol. 75, 9654, 2001.
172. + T cell responses, Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 56, 797, 2007.
173. Dietrich, G. et al., From evil to good: A cytolysin in vaccine development, Trends Microbiol. 9, 23, 2001.
174. Gunn, G.R., Peters, C., and Paterson, Y., Listeriolysin-A useful cytolysin, Trends Microbiol. 9, 161, 2001.
175. Cvetkovic, R.S., and Perry, C.M., Rituximab: A review of its use in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Drugs 66, 791, 2006.
176. Marcus, R., Use of 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Semin. Oncol. 32, S36, 2005.
177. Bergman, Y., and Haimovich, J., Characterization of a carcinogen-induced murine B lymphocyte cell line of C3H/eB origin, Eur. J. Immunol. 7, 413, 1977.
178. Janda, J. et al., Cross-presentation of Listeria-derived CD8 T cell epitopes requires unstable bacterial translation products, J. Immunol. 173, 5644, 2004.
179. Dietrich, G. et al., Delivery of antigen-encoding plasmid DNA into the cytosol of macrophages by attenuated suicide Listeria monocytogenes, Nat. Biotechnol. 16, 181, 1998.
180. Loessner, M.J., Wendlinger, G., and Scherer, S., Heterogeneous endolysins in Listeria monocytogenes bacteriophages: A new class of enzymes and evidence for conserved holin genes within the siphoviral lysis cassettes, Mol. Microbiol. 16, 1231, 1995.
181. Loeffler, J.M., Nelson, D., and Fischetti, V.A., Rapid killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae with a bacteriophage cell wall hydrolase, Science 294, 2170, 2001.
182. Souders, N.C., Verch, T., and Paterson, Y., In vivo bactofection: Listeria can function as a DNA-cancer vaccine, DNA Cell Biol. 25, 142, 2006.
183. Xiang, R. et al., An autologous oral DNA vaccine protects against murine melanoma, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 5492, 2000.
184. Paglia, P. et al., Gene transfer in dendritic cells, induced by oral DNA vaccination with Salmonella typhimurium, results in protective immunity against a murine fibrosarcoma, Blood 92, 3172, 1998.
185. Shata, M.T. et al., Mucosal and systemic HIV-1 Env-specific CD8(+) T-cells develop after intragastric vaccination with a Salmonella Env DNA vaccine vector, Vaccine 20, 623, 2001.
186. Galen, J.E., and Levine, M.M., Can a “flawless” live vector vaccine strain be engineered? Trends Microbiol. 9, 372, 2001.
187. Paglia, P. et al., The defined attenuated Listeria monocytogenes delta mp12 mutant is an effective oral vaccine carrier to trigger a long-lasting immune response against a mouse fibrosarcoma, Eur. J. Immunol. 27, 1570, 1997.