Pharmacology of food, taste, and learned flavor preferences

Appetite and Body Weight

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 217-245

  Cooper, Steven J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77349109580     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-012370633-1/50009-8     Document Type: Chapter

References (218)

1. Ackroff K., Sclafani A. Flavor preferences conditioned by intragastric infusions of dilute Polycose solutions. Physiol. Behav. 1994, 55:957-962.
2. Ackroff K., Sclafani A. Flavour preferences conditioned by intragastric infusion of ethanol in rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2001, 68:327-328.
3. Ackroff K., Vigorito M., Sclafani A. Fat appetite in rats: the response of infant and adult rats to nutritive and non-nutritive oil emulsions. Appetite 1990, 15:171-188.
4. Aggleton J.P., Petrides M., Iversen S.D. Differential effects of amygdaloid lesions on conditioned taste aversion learning by rats. Physiol. Behav. 1981, 27:397-400.
5. Apfelbaum M., Mandenoff A. Naltrexone suppresses hyperphagia induced in the rat by a highly palatable diet. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1981, 15:89-91.
6. Azzara A.V., Bodnar R.J., Delamater A.R., Sclafani A. Naltrexone fails to block the acquisition or expression of a flavour preference conditioned by intragastric carbohydrate infusions. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2000, 67:545-557.
7. 2 dopamine receptor antagonism blocks the acquisition of a flavor preference conditioned by intragastric carbohydrate infusions. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2001, 68:709-720.
8. Baile C.A., McLaughlin C.L., Della-Fera M.A. Role of cholecystokinin and opioid peptides in the control of food intake. Physiol. Rev. 1986, 66:172-234.
9. Bailey C.S., Hsiao S., King J.E. Hedonic reactivity to sucrose in rats: modification by pimozide. Physiol. Behav. 1986, 38:447-452.
10. 2 antagonists reduce the acquisition and expression of flavor-preferences conditioned by fructose in rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2003, 75:55-65.
11. Baker R.W., Li Y., Lee M.G., Sclafani A., Bodnar R.J. Naltrexone does not prevent acquisition or expression of flavor preferences conditioned by fructose in rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2004, 78:239-246.
12. Bakshi V.P., Kelley A.E. Feeding induced by opioid stimulation of the ventral striatum: role of opiate receptor subtypes. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1993, 265:1253-1260.
13. Barbano M.F., Cador M. Differential regulation of the consummatory, motivational and anticipatory aspects of feeding behavior by dopaminergic and opioidergic drugs. Neuropsychopharmacology 2005, 31:1371-1381.
14. A receptors: classification on the basis of subunit structure and receptor function. Pharmacol. Rev. 1998, 50:291-313.
15. Barnett S.A. A Study in Behaviour 1963, Methuen, London.
16. Barnett S.A., Spencer M.M. Experiments on the food preferences of wild rats. J. Hyg. Camb. 1953, 51:16-34.
17. Barnett S.A., Spencer M.M. Responses of wild rats to offensive smells and tastes. Br. J. Anim. Behav. 1953, 1:32-37.
18. Bassareo V., Di Chiara G. Differential influence of associative and nonassociative learning mechanisms on the responsiveness of prefrontal and accumbal dopamine transmission to food stimuli in rats fed ad libitum. J. Neurosci. 1997, 17:815-861.
19. Bassareo V., Di Chiara G. Modulation of feeding-induced activation of mesolimbic dopamine transmission by appetitive stimuli and its relation to motivational state. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1999, 11:4389-4397.
20. Bernstein I.L. Development of taste preferences. The Hedonics of Taste 1991, 143-157. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ. R.C. Bolles (Ed.).
21. Berridge K.C. Brainstem systems mediate the enhancement of palatability by chlordiazepoxide. Brain Res. 1988, 447:262-268.
22. Berridge K.C., Treit D. Chlordiazepoxide directly enhances positive ingestive reactions in rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1986, 24:217-221.
23. Berridge K.C., Peciña S. Benzodiazepines, appetite and taste palatability. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 1995, 19:121-131.
24. Berridge K.C., Venier I.L., Robinson T.E. Taste reactivity analysis of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced aphagia: implications for arousal and hedonia hypotheses of dopamine function. Behav. Neurosci. 1989, 103:36-45.
25. Bertino M., Abelson M.L., Marglin S.H., Neuman R., Burkhardt C.A., Reid L.D. A small dose of morphine increases intake of and preference for isotonic saline among rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1988, 29:617-623.
26. Bodnar R.J. Opioid receptor subtype antagonists and ingestion. Drug Receptor Subtypes and Ingestive Behaviour 1996, 147-166. Academic Press, London. S.J. Cooper, P.G. Clifton (Eds.).
27. Bodnar R.J., Glass M.J., Koch J.E. Analysis of central opioid receptor subtype antagonism of hypotonic and hypertonic saline intake in water-deprived rats. Brain Res. Bull. 1995, 36:293-300.
28. Booth D.A. Food-conditioned eating preferences and aversions with interoceptive elements: conditioned appetites and satieties. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1985, 443:22-41.
29. Borsini F., Rolls E.T. Role of noradrenaline and serotonin in the basolateral region of the amygdala in food preferences and learned taste aversions in the rat. Physiol. Behav. 1984, 33:37-43.
30. Braestrup C., Schmiechen R., Neef G., Nielsen M., Petersen E.N. Interaction of convulsive ligands with benzodiazepine receptors. Science 1982, 216:1241-1243.
31. Braestrup C., Nielsen M., Honoré T., Jensen L.H., Petersen E.N. Benzodiazepine receptor ligands with positive and negative efficacy. Neuropharmacology 1983, 22:1451-1457.
32. Brands B., Thornhill J.A., Hirst M., Gowdey C.W. Suppression of food intake and body weight gain by naloxone in rats. Life Sci. 1979, 24:1773-1778.
33. Brown D.R., Holtzman S.G. Suppression of deprivation-induced food and water intake in rats and mice by naloxone. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1979, 11:567-573.
34. Calcagnetti D.J., Reid L.D. Morphine and acceptability of putative reinforcers. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1983, 18:567-569.
35. Clarke S.N.D.A., Parker L.A. Morphine-induced modification of quinine palatability: effects of multiple morphine-quinine trials. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1995, 51:505-508.
36. Cooper S.J. Naloxone: effects on food and water consumption in the non-deprived and deprived rat. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 1980, 71:1-6.
37. Cooper S.J. Behaviourally-specific hyperdipsia in the non-deprived rat following acute morphine treatment. Neuropharmacology 1981, 20:469-472.
38. Cooper S.J. Benzodiazepine mechanisms and drinking in the water-deprived rat. Neuropharmacology 1982, 21:775-801.
39. Cooper S.J. Palatability-induced drinking after administration of morphine, naltrexone and diazepam in the non-deprived rat. Subst. Alcohol. Actions/Misuse 1982, 3:259-265.
40. Cooper S.J. Effects of opiate agonists and antagonists on fluid intake and saccharin choice in the rat. Neuropharmacology 1983, 22:323-328.
41. Cooper S.J. Benzodiazepine-opiate antagonist interactions in relation to feeding and drinking reward. Life Sci. 1983, 32:1043-1051.
42. Cooper S.J. Bidirectional control of palatable food consumption through a common benzodiazepine receptor: theory and evidence. Brain Res. Bull. 1985, 15:397-410.
43. Cooper S.J. Effects of the beta-carboline FG 7142 on saccharin preference and quinine aversion in water-deprived rats. Neuropharmacology 1986, 25:213-216.
44. Cooper S.J. Chlordiazepoxide-induced selection of saccharin-flavored food in the food-deprived rat. Physiol. Behav. 1987, 41:539-542.
45. Cooper S.J. Drugs and hormones: effects on ingestion. Feeding and Drinking 1987, 231-269. Elsevier Biomedical Press, Amsterdam. N.E. Rowland, F.M. Toates (Eds.).
46. Cooper S.J. Benzodiazepine receptor-mediated enhancement and inhibition of taste reactivity, food choice, and intake. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1989, 575:321-337.
47. Cooper S.J. Palatability and endogenous opioids. Regul. Pept. 1994, 54:67-68.
48. A receptor subtypes. Appetite 2005, 44:133-150.
49. Cooper S.J., Crummy Y.M.T. Enhanced choice of familiar food in a food preference test after chlordiazepoxide administration. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 1978, 59:51-56.
50. Cooper S.J., Francis R.L. Water intake and time course of drinking after single or repeated chlordiazepoxide injections. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 1979, 65:191-195.
51. Cooper S.J., McClelland A. Effects of chlordiazepoxide, food familiarization, and prior shock experience on food choice in rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1980, 12:23-28.
52. Cooper S.J., Turkish S. Effects of naloxone and its quaternary analogue on fluid consumption in water-deprived rats. Neuropharmacology 1983, 22:797-800.
53. Cooper S.J., Gilbert D.B. Naloxone suppresses fluid consumption in tests of choice between sodium chloride solutions and water in male and female water-deprived rats. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 1984, 84:362-367.
54. Cooper S.J., Webb Z.M. Microstructural analysis of chlordiazepoxide's effects on food preference behaviour in Roman high-, control- and low-avoidance rats. Physiol. Behav. 1984, 32:581-588.
55. Cooper S.J., Estall L.B. Behavioural pharmacology of food, water and salt intake in relation to drug actions at benzodiazepine receptors. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 1985, 9:5-19.
56. Cooper S.J., Yerbury R.E. Clonazepam selectively increases saccharin ingestion in a two-choice test. Brain Res. 1988, 456:173-176.
57. Cooper S.J., Turkish S. Effects of naltrexone on food preferences and concurrent behavioural responses in food-deprived rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1989, 33:17-20.
58. Cooper S.J., Kirkham T.C. Basic mechanisms of opioids' effects on eating and drinking. Opioids, Bulimia, and Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism 1990, 91-110. Springer-Verlag, New York. L.D. Reid (Ed.).
59. Cooper S.J., Greenwood S.E. The β-carboline abecarnil, a novel agonist at central benzodiazepine receptors, influences saccharin and salt taste preferences in the rat. Brain Res. 1992, 599:144-147.
60. Cooper S.J., Barber D.J. The benzodiazepine receptor partial agonist bretazenil and the partial inverse agonist Ro15-4513: effects on salt preference and aversion in the rat. Brain Res. 1993, 612:313-318.
61. Cooper S.J., Green A.E. The benzodiazepine receptor partial agonists, bretazenil (Ro16-6028) and Ro17-1812, affect saccharin preference and quinine aversion in the rat. Behav. Pharmacol. 1993, 4:81-85.
62. Cooper S.J., Kirkham T.C. Opioid mechanisms in the control of food consumption and taste preferences. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Volume 104/II. Opioids II 1993, 239-262. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. A. Herz (Ed.).
63. Cooper S.J., Higgs S. Benzodiazepine receptors and the determination of palatability. Drug Receptor Subtypes and Ingestive Behaviour 1996, 347-368. Academic Press, London. S.J. Cooper, P.G. Clifton (Eds.).
64. Cooper S.J., Higgs S. Benzodiazepine effects on licking responses for sodium chloride solutions in water-deprived male rats. Physiol. Behav. 2005, 85:252-258.
65. Cooper S.J., Ridley E.T. Abecarnil and palatability: taste reactivity in normal ingestion in male rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2005, 81:517-523.
66. Cooper S.J., Al-Naser H.A. Dopaminergic control of food choice: contrasting effects of SKF 38393 and quinpirole on high-palatability food preference in the rat. Neuropharmacology 2006, 50:953-963.
67. Cooper S.J., Jackson A., Morgan R., Carter R. Evidence for opiate receptor involvement in the consumption of a high palatability diet in non-deprived rats. Neuropeptides 1985, 5:345-348.
68. Cooper S.J., Jackson A., Kirkham T.C. Endorphins and food intake: kappa opioid receptor agonists and hyperphagia. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1985, 23:889-901.
69. Cooper S.J., Barber D.J., Gilbert D.B., Moores W.R. Benzodiazepine receptor ligands and the consumption of a highly palatable diet in nondeprived male rats. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 1985, 86:348-355.
70. Cooper S.J., Jackson A., Kirkham T.C., Turkish S. Endorphins, opiates and food intake. Endorphins, Opiates and Behavioural Processes 1988, 143-186. John Wiley, Chichester. R.J. Rodgers, S.J. Cooper (Eds.).
71. Cooper S.J., Bowyer D.M., van der Hoek G. Effects of the imidazobenzodiazepine Ro15-4513 on saccharin choice and acceptance, and on food intake, in the rat. Brain Res. 1989, 494:172-176.
72. Corey D.T. The determinants of exploration and neophobia. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 1978, 2:235-253.
73. Davis J.D. The effectiveness of some sugars in stimulating licking behavior in the rat. Physiol Behav. 1973, 11:39-45.
74. Davis J.D., Smith G.P. Analysis of lick rate measures the positive and negative feedback effects of carbohydrates on eating. Appetite 1988, 11:229-238.
75. Davis J.D., Smith G.P. Analysis of the microstructure of the rhythmic tongue movements of rats ingesting maltrose and sucrose solutions. Behav. Neurosci. 1992, 106:217-228.
76. Davis J.D., Perez M.C. Food deprivation- and palatability-induced microstructural changes in ingestive behavior. Am. J. Physiol. 1993, 264:R97-R103.
77. Depoortere H., Zivkovic B., Lloyd K.G., Sanger D.J., Derrault G., Langer S.Z., Bartholini G. Zolpidem, a novel non-benzodiazepine hypnotic. I. Neuropharmacological and behavioural effects. J. Pharmacol Exp. Ther. 1986, 237:649-658.
78. Desor J.A., Mallor O., Turner R. Taste in acceptance of sugars by human infants. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 1973, 19:163-174.
79. Doyle T.G., Berridge K.C., Gosnell B.A. Morphine enhances hedonic taste palatability in rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1993, 46:745-749.
80. Drewnowski A. Energy density, palatability and satiety: implications for weight control. Nutr. Rev. 1998, 56:347-353.
81. Drucker D.B., Ackroff K., Sclafani A. Flavor preference produced by intragastric Polycose infusions using a concurrent conditioning procedure. Physiol. Behav. 1993, 54:351-355.
82. Elizalde G., Sclafani A. Flavor preferences conditioned by intragastric Polycose: a detailed analysis using an electronic esophagus preparation. Physiol. Behav. 1990, 47:63-77.
83. Elizalde G., Sclafani A. Fat appetite in rats: flavour preferences conditioned by nutritive and non-nutritive oil emulsions. Appetite 1990, 15:189-197.
84. Ernits T., Corbit J.D. Taste as a dipsogenic stimulus. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 1973, 83:27-31.
85. Estall L.B., Cooper S.J. Benzodiazepine receptor-mediated effect of CGS 8216 on milk consumption in the non-deprived rat. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 1986, 89:477-479.
86. Falk J.L. Determining changes in vital functions: ingestion. Methods in Psychobiology 1971, Volume 1:301-329. Academic Press, New York. R.D. Myers (Ed.).
87. Fanselow M., Birk J. Flavor-flavor associations induce hedonic shifts in taste preference. Anim. Learn. Behav. 1982, 10:223-228.
88. Fedorchak P.M., Bolles R.C. Hunger enhances the expression of calorie- but not taste-mediated conditioned flavour preferences. J. Exp. Physiol.: Anim. Behav. Proc. 1987, 13:73-79.
89. Fitzgerald R.E., Burton M.J. Effects of small basolateral amygdala lesions on ingestion in the rat. Physiol. Behav. 1981, 27:431-437.
90. Flynn F.W., Grill H.J. Intraoral intake and taste reactivity responses elicited by sucrose and sodium chloride in chronic decerebrate rats. Behav. Neurosci. 1988, 102:934-941.
91. Frenk H., Rogers G.H. Suppressant effects of naloxone on food and water intake in the rat. Behav. Neural Biol. 1979, 26:33-40.
92. Ganchrow J.R., Steiner I.E., Canetto S. Behavioral displays to gustatory stimuli in newborn rat pups. Dev. Psychobiol. 1986, 19:163-174.
93. Genn R.F., Higgs S., Cooper S.J. The effects of 7-OH-DPAT, quinpirole and raclopride on licking for sucrose solutions in the non-deprived rat. Behav. Pharmacol. 2003, 14:609-617.
94. 3 autoreceptor-medicated effects?. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1995, 52:274-280.
95. 3 agonist, 7-OH-DPAT, reduces dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens and electrical self-stimulation to the ventral tegmentum. Brain Res. 1995, 68:1-7.
96. Giraudo S.Q., Grace M.K., Welch C.C., Billington C.J., Levine A.S. Naloxone's anorectic effect is dependant upon the relative palatability of food. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1993, 46:917-921.
97. Giros B., Jaber M., Jones S.R., Wightman R.M., Caron M.G. Hyperlocomotion and indifference to cocaine and amphetamine in mice lacking the dopamine transporter. Nature 1996, 379:606-612.
98. Glass M.J., Grace M., Cleary J.P., Billington C.J., Levine A.S. Potency of naloxone's anorectic effect in rats is dependent on diet preference. Am. J. Physiol. 1996, 271:R217-R221.
99. Gosnell B.A., Majchrzak M.J. Centrally administered opioid peptides stimulate saccharin intake in non-deprived rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1989, 33:805-810.
100. Gosnell B.A., Majchrzak M.J. Effects of a selective mu opoid receptor agonist and naloxone on the intake of sodium chloride solutions. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 1990, 100:66-71.
101. Gosnell B.A., Levine A.S. Stimulation of ingestive behaviour by preferential and selective opioid agonists. Drug Receptor Subtypes and Ingestive Behaviour 1996, 147-166. Academic Press, London. S.J. Cooper, P.G. Clifton (Eds.).
102. Gosnell B.A., Krahn D.D., Majchrzak M.J. The effects of morphine on diet selection are dependent upon baseline diet preferences. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1990, 37:207-212.
103. Gosnell B.A., Majchrzak M.J., Krahn D.D. Effects of preferential delta and kappa opioid receptor agonists on the intake of hypotonic saline. Physiol. Behav. 1990, 47:601-603.
104. Gray R.W., Cooper S.J. Benzodiazepines and palatability: taste reactivity in normal ingestion. Physiol. Behav. 1995, 58:853-859.
105. Grill H.J., Norgren R. The taste reactivity test. I. Mimetic responses to gustatory stimuli in neurologically normal rats. Brain Res. 1978, 143:263-279.
106. Grill H.J., Norgren R. The taste reactivity test. II. Mimetic responses to gustatory stimuli in chronic thalamic and chronic decerebrate rats. Brain Res. 1978, 143:281-297.
107. Grill H.J., Berridge K.C. Taste reactivity as a measure of the neural control of palatability. Progress in Psychobiology and Physiological Psychology 1985, Volume 11:1-61. Academic Press, Orlando, FL. J.M. Sprague, A.N. Epstein (Eds.).
108. Grill H.J., Spector A.C., Schwartz G.J., Kaplan J.M., Flynn F.W. Evaluating taste effects on ingestive behavior. Feeding and Drinking 1987, 151-188. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam. F.M. Toates, N.E. Rowland (Eds.).
109. Haefely W., Facklam M., Schoch P., Martin J.R., Bonetti E.P., Moreau J.-L., et al. Partial agonists of benzodiazepine receptors for the treatment of epilepsy, sleep, and anxiety disorders. GABAergic Synaptic Transmission 1992, 379-394. Raven Press, New York. G. Biggio, A. Concas, E. Costa (Eds.).
110. Hajnal A., Norgren R. Accumbens dopamine mechanisms in sucrose intake. Brain Res. 2001, 904:76-84.
111. Hajnal A., Smith G.P., Norgren R. Oral sucrose stimulation increases accumbens dopamine in the rat. Am. J. Physiol. 2004, 286:R31-R37.
112. Hernandez L., Hoebel B.G. Feeding and hypothalamic stimulation increases dopamine turnover in the accumbens. Physiol. Behav. 1988, 44:599-606.
113. Higgs S., Cooper S.J. Effects of the benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist Ro15-4513 on the ingestion of sucrose and sodium saccharin solutions: a microstructural analysis of licking behavior. Behav. Neurosci. 1996, 110:559-566.
114. Higgs S., Cooper S.J. Increased food intake following injection of the benzodiazepine receptor agonist midazolam into the IVth ventricle. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1996, 55:81-86.
115. Higgs S., Cooper S.J. Hyperphagia induced by direct administration of midazolam into the parabrachial nucleus of the rat. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1996, 313:1-9.
116. Higgs S., Cooper S.J. Midazolam-induced rapid changes in licking behaviour: evidence for involvement of endogenous opioid peptides. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 1997, 131:278-286.
117. Higgs S., Cooper S.J. Effects of benzodiazepine receptor ligands on the ingestion of sucrose, intralipid and maltodextrin: an investigation using a microstructural analysis of licking behavior in a brief contact test. Behav. Neurosci. 1998, 112:447-457.
118. Higgs S., Cooper S.J. Evidence for early opioid modulation of licking responses to sucrose and intralipid: a microstructural analysis in the rat. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 1998, 139:342-355.
119. 2 receptor antagonist raclopride on the pattern of licking microstructure induced by midazolam in the rat. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2000, 409:73-80.
120. Holtzman S.G. Behavioral effects of separate and combined administration of naloxone and d-amphetamine. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1974, 189:51-60.
121. Holtzman S.G. Effects of narcotic antagonists on fluid intake in the rat. Life Sci. 1975, 16:1465-1470.
122. Hunkeler W., Möhler J., Pieri L., Polc P., Bonetti E.P., Cumin R., Schaffner R., Haefely W. Selective antagonists of benzodiazepines. Nature 1981, 290:514-516.
123. Jalowiec J.E., Panksepp J., Zolovick A.J., Najam N., Herman B.H. Opioid modulation of ingestive behavior. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1981, 15:477-484.
124. Jensen L.H., Petersen E.N., Braestrup C. Audiogenic seizures in DBA/2 mice discriminate sensitively between low efficacy benzodiazepine receptor agonists and inverse agonists. Life Sci. 1983, 33:393-399.
125. Kenakin T. Principles: receptor theory in pharmacology. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 2004, 25:186-192.
126. Kenakin T. Efficacy as a vector: the relative prevalence and paucity of inverse agonism. Mol. Pharmacol. 2004, 65:2-11.
127. Kennedy R.T., Jones S.R., Wightman R.M. Dynamic observation of dopamine autoreceptor effects in rat striatal slices. J. Neurochem. 1992, 59:449-455.
128. Kirkham T.C. Enhanced anorectic potency of naloxone in rats sham feeding 30% sucrose: reversal by repeated naloxone administration. Physiol. Behav. 1990, 47:419-426.
129. Kirkham T.C., Cooper S.J. CGS 8216, a novel anorectic agent, selectively reduces saccharin solution consumption in the rat. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1986, 25:341-345.
130. Kirkham T.C., Cooper S.J. The pyrazoloquinoline, CGS 8216, reduces sham feeding in the rat. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1987, 26:497-501.
131. Kirkham T.C., Cooper S.J. Attenuation of sham feeding by naloxone is stereospecific: evidence for opioid mediation of orosensory reward. Physiol. Behav. 1988, 43:845-847.
132. Kirkham T.C., Cooper S.J. Naloxone attenuation of sham feeding is modified by manipulation of sucrose concentration. Physiol. Behav. 1988, 44:419-494.
133. Kirkham T.C., Cooper S.J. Interactions between sucrose concentration and the time course of naloxone suppression of sham feeding: evidence for opioid mediation of food palatability. Adv. Biosci. 1989, 75:655-658.
134. Kirkham T.C., Barker D.J., Health R.W., Cooper S.J. Differential effects of CGS 8216 and naltrexone on ingestional behaviour. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1987, 26:145-151.
135. Leeb K., Parker L., Eikelboom R. Effects of pimozide on the hedonic properties of sucrose: analysis by the taste reactivity test. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1991, 39:895-901.
136. Le Magnen J. Neurobiology of Feeding and Nutrition 1992, Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
137. Le Magnen J., Marfaing-Jallat P., Miceli D., Devos M. Pain modulating and reward systems: a single brain mechanism?. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1980, 12:729-733.
138. Leventhal L., Kirkham T.C., Cole J.L., Bodnar R.J. Selective actions of central μ and κ opioid antagonists upon sucrose intake in sham-fed rats. Brain Res. 1995, 685:205-210.
139. Levine A.S., Morley J.E., Gosnell B.A., Billington C.J., Bartness T.J. Opioids and consummatory behaviour. Brain Res. Bull. 1985, 14:663-672.
140. Levine S.A., Murray D.S., Kneip J., Grace M., Morley J.E. Flavour enhances the antidipsogenic effect of naloxone. Physiol. Behav. 1982, 28:23-25.
141. Ljungberg T. Blockade by neuroleptics of water intake and operant responding for water in the rat: anhedonia, motor deficit or both?. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1987, 27:341-350.
142. Ljungberg T. Differential attenuation of water intake and water rewarded operant responding by repeated administration of haloperidol and SCH 23390 in the rat. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1990, 35:111-115.
143. Lucas F., Sclafani A. Capsaicin attenuates feeding suppresion but not reinforcement by intestinal nutrients. Am. J. Physiol. 1996, 270:R1059-R1064.
144. Lynch W.C. Opiate blockade inhibits saccharin intake and blocks normal preference acquisition. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1986, 24:833-836.
145. Lynch W.C., Libby L. Naloxone suppresses intake of highly preferred saccharin solutions in food deprived and sated rats. Life Sci. 1983, 33:1909-1914.
146. Lynch W.C., Burns G. Opioid effects on intake of sweet solutions depend both on prior drug experience and on prior ingestive experience. Appetite 1990, 15:23-32.
147. Margules D.L., Stein L. Neuroleptics vs. tranquilizers: evidence from animal studies of mode and site of action. Neuropsychopharmacology 1987, 108-120. Excerpta Medical Foundation, Amsterdam. H. Brill, J.O. Cole, P. Deniker, H. Hippius, P.B. Bradley (Eds.).
148. Marks-Kaufman R. Increased fat consumption induced by morphine administration in rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1982, 16:949-955.
149. Marks-Kaufman R., Kanarek R. Morphine selectively influences macronutrient intake in the rat. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1980, 12:427-430.
150. Marks-Kaufman R., Kanarek R. Modifications of nutrient selection by naloxone in rats. Psychopharmacology 1981, 74:321-324.
151. Martel P., Fantino M. Mesolimbic dopaminergic system activity as a function of food reward: a microdialysis study. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1996, 53:221-226.
152. Martel P., Fantino M. Influence of the amount of food ingested on mesolimbic dopaminergic system activity: a microdialysis study. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1996, 55:297-302.
153. Mehiel R. The effects of naloxone on flavorcalorie preference learning indicate involvement of opioid reward systems. Psychol. Rec. 1996, 46:435-450.
154. Mehiel R., Bolles R.C. Learned flavour preferences based on caloric outcome. Anim. Learn. Behav. 1984, 12:421-427.
155. Mehiel R., Bolles R.C. Learned flavour preferences based on calories are independent of initial hedonic value. Anim. Learn. Behav. 1988, 16:383-387.
156. A receptors. Brain Res. Rev. 1999, 29:196-217.
157. Myers K.P., Sclafani A. Conditioned enhancement of flavor evaluation reinforced by intragastric glucose. II. Taste reactivity analysis. Physiol. Behav. 2001, 74:495-505.
158. Myers K.P., Sclafani A. Conditioned acceptance and preference but not altered taste reactivity responses to bitter and sour flavors paired with intragastric glucose infusion. Physiol. Behav. 2003, 78:173-183.
159. Nachman M., Ashe J.H. Effects of basolateral amygdala lesions on neophobia, learned taste aversions, and sodium appetite in rats. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 1974, 87:622-643.
160. Parker L.A. Chlordiazepoxide enhances the palatability of lithium-, amphetamine-, and salinepaired saccharin solution. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1995, 50:345-349.
161. Parker L.A., Maier S., Rennie M., Creboider J. Morphine- and naltrexone-induced modification of palatability: analysis by the taste reactivity test. Behav. Neurosci. 1992, 106:999-1010.
162. Peciña S., Berridge K.C. Central enhancement of taste pleasure by intraventricular morphine. Neurobiology 1995, 3:269-280.
163. Peciña S., Berridge K.C. Brainstem mediates enhancement of palatability and feeding: microinjections into fourth ventricle versus lateral ventricle. Brain Res. 1996, 727:22-30.
164. Peciña S., Berridge K.C. Opioid eating site in nucleus accumbens shell mediates food intake and hedonic 'liking': map based on microinjection FoS plumes. Brain Res. 2000, 863:71-86.
165. Peciña S., Berridge K.C. Hedonic hot spot in nucleus accumbens shell: where do μ-opioids cause increased hedonic impact of sweetness?. J. Neurosci. 2005, 25:11777-11786.
166. Peciña S., Berridge K.C., Parker L.A. Pimozide does not shift palatability: separation of anhedonia from sensorimotor suppression by taste reactivity. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1997, 58:801-811.
167. Peciña S., Cagniard B., Berridge K.C., Aldridge J.W., Zhuang X. Hyperdopaminergic mutant mice have higher "wanting" but not "liking" for sweet rewards. J. Neurosci. 2003, 23:9395-9402.
168. Pérez C., Lucas F., Sclafani A. Carbohydrate, fat and protein condition similar flavour preferences in rats using an oral-delay procedure. Physiol. Behav. 1995, 57:549-554.
169. Pérez C., Ackroff K., Sclafani A. Carbohydrate- and protein-conditioned flavor preferences: effects of nutrient preloads. Physiol. Behav. 1996, 59:467-474.
170. A antagonist, attenuates the satiating but not the preference and conditioning effects of intestinal carbohydrate infusions in rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1998, 59:451-457.
171. Rada P., Avena N.M., Hoebel B.G. Daily bingeing on sugar repeatedly releases dopamine in the accumbens shell. Neuroscience 2005, 134:737-744.
172. Radhakishun F.S., van Ree J.M., Westerink B.H.C. Scheduled eating increases dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of food-deprived rats as assessed with on-line brain dialysis. Neurosci. Lett. 1988, 85:351-356.
173. Randall L.O., Schallek W.G.A., Keith E.F., Bagdon R.E. The psychosedative properties of methaminodiazepoxide. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1960, 129:163-171.
174. Reilly S., Bornovalova M.A. Conditioned taste aversion and amygdala lesions in the rat: a critical review. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2005, 29:1067-1088.
175. Richardson D.K., Reynolds S.M., Cooper S.J., Berridge K.C. Endogenous opioids are necessary for benzodiazepine palatability enhancement: naltrexone blocks diazepam-induced increase of sucrose-'liking'. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2005, 81:657-663.
176. Rideout H.J., Parker L.A. Morphine enhancement of sucrose palatability: analysis by the taste reactivity test. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1996, 53:731-734.
177. Rockwood G.A., Reid L.D. Naloxone modifies sugar-water intake in rats drinking with open gastric fistulas. Physiol. Behav. 1982, 29:1175-1178.
178. Rolls B.J., Rolls E.T. Effects of lesions in the basolateral amygdala on fluid intake in the rat. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 1973, 83:240-247.
179. Rolls E.T., Rolls B.J. Altered food preferences after lesions in the basolateral region of the amygdala in the rat. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 1973, 83:248-259.
180. Romsos D.R., Gosnell B.A., Morley J.E., Levine A.S. Effects of kappa opioid agonists, cholecystokinin and bombesin on intake of diets varying in carbohydrate-to-fat ratio in rats. J. Nutr. 1987, 117:976-985.
181. A receptor function and dissection of the pharmacology of benzodiazepines and general anesthetics through mouse genetics. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 2004, 44:475-498.
182. A receptor subtypes: dissecting their pharmacological functions. Trends. Pharmacol. Sci. 2001, 22:188-194.
183. 2 antagonists: effects on appetitive and feeding behaviour. Behav. Pharmacol. 1994, 5:615-622.
184. Sanger D.J. Endorphinergic mechanisms in the control of food and water intake. Appetite 1981, 2:193-208.
185. Sanger D.J., McCarthy P.S. Differential effects of morphine on food and water intake in food deprived and freely-feeding rats. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 1980, 72:103-106.
186. Sclafani A. Animal models of obesity: classification and characterization. Int. J. Obes. 1984, 8:491-508.
187. Sclafani A. Learned controls of ingestive behaviour. Appetite 1997, 29:153-158.
188. Sclafani A., Nissenbaum J.W. Robust conditioned flavour preference produced by intragastric starch infusions in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 1988, 255:R672-R675.
189. Sclafani A., Lucas F. Abdominal vagotomy does not block carbohydrate-conditioned flavour preferences in rats. Physiol. Behav. 1996, 60:447-453.
190. Sclafani A., Ackroff K. The relationship between food reward and satiation revisited. Physiol. Behav. 2004, 82:89-95.
191. Sclafani A., Aravich P.F., Xenakis S. Dopaminergic and endorphinergic mediation of a sweet reward. The Neural Basis of Feeding and Reward
192. Sclafani A., Lucas F., Ackroff K. The importance of taste and palatability in carbohydrate-induced overeating in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 1996, 270:R1197-R1202.
193. Scott E.M., Quint E. Self selection of diet. II. The effect of flavor. J. Nutr. 1946, 32:113-120.
194. Scott E.M., Verney E.L. Self selection of diet. VIII. Appetite for fats. J. Nutr. 1948, 36:91-98.
195. Shor-Posner G., Azar A.P., Filart R., Tempel D., Leibowitz S.F. Morphine-stimulated feeding: analysis of macronutrient selection and paraventricular nucleus lesions. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1986, 24:931-939.
196. Siviy S.M., Reid R.D. Endorphinergic modulation of acceptability of putative reinforcers. Appetite 1983, 4:249-257.
197. Smith K.S., Berridge K.C. The ventral pallidum and hedonic reward: neurochemical maps of sucrose "liking" and food intake. J. Neurosci. 2005, 25:8637-8649.
198. Söderpalm A.H.V., Hansen S. Benzodiazepines enhance the consumption and palatability of alcohol in the rat. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 1998, 137:215-222.
199. Söderpalm A.H.V., Berridge K.C. The hedonic impact and intake of food are increased by midazolam microinjection in the parabrachial nucleus. Brain Res. 2000, 877:288-297.
200. Sora I., Wichens C., Takahashi N., Li X.F., Zeng Z., Revay R., Lesch K.P., Murphy D.L., Uhl G.R. Cocaine reward models: conditioned place preference can be established in dopamine-and in serotonin-transporter knockout mice. Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1998, 95:7699-7704.
201. Spector A.C., St.John S.J. Role of taste in the microstructure of quinine ingestion by rats. Am. J. Physiol. 1998, 274:R1687-R17103.
202. Steiner J.E. Facial expressions of the neonate infant indicating the hedonics of food-related chemical stimuli. DHEW Publication No. NIH 77-1068 1977, 173-189. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. J.M. Weiffenbach (Ed.).
203. Stephens D.N., Schneider H.H., Kehr W., Andrews J.S., Rettig K.-J., Turski L., Schmiechen R., Turner J.D., Jensen L.H., Petersen E.N. Abecarnil a metabolically stable, anxioselective beta-carbolinc acting at benzodiazepine receptors. J. Pharmacol Exp. Ther. 1990, 253:334-343.
204. Taha S.A., Fields H.L. Encoding of palatability and appetitive behaviours by distinct neuronal populations in the nucleus accumbens. J. Neurosci. 2005, 25:1193-1202.
205. Treit D., Berridge K.C. A comparison of benzodiazepine serotonin and dopamine agents in the taste-reactivity paradigm. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1990, 37:451-456.
206. Turkish S., Cooper S.J. Enhancement of saline consumption by chlordiazepoxide in thirsty rats: antagonism by Ro15-1788. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1984, 20:869-873.
207. Ukai M., Nakayama S., Kameyama T. The opioid antagonist, Mr2266, specifically decreases saline intake in the mouse. Neuropharmacology 1988, 27:1027-1031.
208. Vigorito M., Sclafani A. Ontogeny of Polycose and sucrose appetite in neonatal rats. Dev. Psychobiol. 1988, 21:457-465.
209. Waldhoer M., Bartlett S.E., Whistler J.L. Opioid receptors. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 2004, 73:953-990.
210. Will M.J., Franzblau E.B., Kelley A.E. Nucleus accumbens μ-opioids regulate intake of a high-fat diet via activation of a distributed brain network. J. Neurosci. 2003, 23:2882-2888.
211. Wise R.A., Dawson V. Diazepam-induced eating and lever pressing for food in sated rats. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 1974, 86:930-941.
212. Yerbury R.E., Cooper S.J. The benzodiazepine partial agonists, Ro16-6028 and Ro17-1812 increase palatable food consumption in nondeprived rats. Pharmacol Biochem. Behav. 1987, 28:427-431.
213. Young P.T. Motivation and Emotion 1961, John Wiley, New York.
214. Yu W.-Z., Sclafani A., Delamater A.R., Bodnar R.J. Pharmacology of flavour preference conditioning in sham-feeding rats: effects of naltrexone. Pharmacol Biochem. Behav. 1999, 64:573-584.
215. Yu W.-Z., Silva R.M., Sclafani A., Delamater A.R., Bodnar R.J. Pharmacology of flavour preference conditioning in sham-feeding rats: effects of dopamine receptor antagonists. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2000, 65:635-647.
216. 2 dopamine receptors in the acquisition and expression of flavour-preference conditioning in shamfeeding rats. Pharmacol Biochem. Behav. 2000, 67:537-544.
217. Zhang M., Kelley A.E. Opiate agonists microinjected into the nucleus accumbens enhance sucrose drinking in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 1997, 132:350-360.
218. Zhang M., Gosnell B.A., Kelley A.E. Intake of high-fat food is selectively enhanced by mu opioid receptor stimulation within the nucleus accumbens. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1998, 285:908-914.