Minireview: Nuclear receptor-controlled steroid hormone synthesis and metabolism

Molecular Endocrinology

Volumn 24, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 11-21

  He, Jinhan ^a   Cheng, Qiuqiong ^a   Xie, Wen ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

2,4 THIAZOLIDINEDIONE DERIVATIVE; 3 [3 [[2 CHLORO 3 (TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZYL](2 DIPHENYLETHYL)AMINO]PROPOXY]PHENYLACETIC ACID; 6 [1 (5,6,7,8 TETRAHYDRO 3,5,5,8,8 PENTAMETHYL 2 NAPHTHYL)CYCLOPROPYL]NICOTINIC ACID; ANDROGEN; ANDROSTANOLONE; ANTIESTROGEN; AROMATASE INHIBITOR; CELL NUCLEUS RECEPTOR; CORTICOSTEROID; DEXAMETHASONE; ENZYME INHIBITOR; ESTROGEN; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR BETA; GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR; LIVER RECEPTOR HOMOLOG 1; LIVER X RECEPTOR; MINERALOCORTICOID; N (2,2,2 TRIFLUOROETHYL) N [4 [2,2,2 TRIFLUORO 1 HYDROXY 1 (TRIFLUOROMETHOXY)ETHYL]PHENYL]BENZENESULFONAMIDE; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR; PREGNANE X RECEPTOR; RIFAMPICIN; STEROID HORMONE; STEROIDOGENIC FACTOR 1; SULFOTRANSFERASE; TESTOSTERONE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TROGLITAZONE; VITAMIN D RECEPTOR;

ADIPOGENESIS; ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY; ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION THERAPY; BREAST CANCER; DNA BINDING; DRUG MECHANISM; ESTROGEN METABOLISM; GENE CONTROL; GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS; HOMEOSTASIS; HORMONE METABOLISM; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE CANCER; RECEPTOR BINDING; SHORT SURVEY; STEROIDOGENESIS;

ANIMALS; FEMALE; GONADAL STEROID HORMONES; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMANS; MALE; RECEPTORS, CYTOPLASMIC AND NUCLEAR;

EID: 73549090352     PISSN: 08888809     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1210/me.2009-0212     Document Type: Short Survey

References (123)

1. Mangelsdorf DJ, Thummel C, Beato M, Herrlich P, Schütz G, Umesono K, Blumberg B, Kastner P, Mark M, Chambon P, Evans RM 1995 The nuclear receptor superfamily: the second decade. Cell 83:835-839
2. O'Malley B 1990 The steroid receptor superfamily: more excitement predicted for the future. Mol Endocrinol 4:363-369
3. Umesono K, Murakami KK, Thompson CC, Evans RM 1991 Direct repeats as selective response elements for the thyroid hormone, retinoic acid, and vitamin D3 receptors. Cell 65:1255-1266
4. Evans RM 2005 The nuclear receptor superfamily: a rosetta stone for physiology. Mol Endocrinol 19:1429-1438
5. Aguilera G, Rabadan-Diehl C, Nikodemova M 2001 Regulation of pituitary corticotropin releasing hormone receptors. Peptides 22:769-774
6. Christenson LK, Strauss 3rd JF 2000 Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and the intramitochondrial translocation of cholesterol. Biochim Biophys Acta 1529:175-187
7. Cummins CL, Volle DH, Zhang Y, McDonald JG, Sion B, Lefrançcois-Martinez AM, Caira F, Veyssière G, Mangelsdorf DJ, Lobaccaro JM 2006 Liver X receptors regulate adrenal cholesterol balance. J Clin Invest 116:1902-1912
8. Burstein S, Gut M 1976 Intermediates in the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone: kinetics and mechanism. Steroids 28:115-131
9. Janowski BA, Willy PJ, Devi TR, Falck JR, Mangelsdorf DJ 1996 An oxysterol signalling pathway mediated by the nuclear receptor LXR α. Nature 383:728-731
10. Kennedy MA, Venkateswaran A, Tarr PT, Xenarios I, Kudoh J, Shimizu N, Edwards PA 2001 Characterization of the human ABCG1 gene: liver X receptor activates an internal promoter that produces a novel transcript encoding an alternative form of the protein. J Biol Chem 276:39438-39447
11. Costet P, Luo Y, Wang N, Tall AR 2000 Sterol-dependent transactivation of the ABC1 promoter by the liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor. J Biol Chem 275:28240-28245
12. Repa JJ, Berge KE, Pomajzl C, Richardson JA, Hobbs H, Mangelsdorf DJ 2002 Regulation of ATP-binding cassette sterol transporters ABCG5 and ABCG8 by the liver X receptors α and β. J Biol Chem 277:18793-18800
13. Peet DJ, Turley SD, Ma W, Janowski BA, Lobaccaro JM, Hammer RE, Mangelsdorf DJ 1998 Cholesterol and bile acid metabolism are impaired in mice lacking the nuclear oxysterol receptor LXR α. Cell 93:693-704
14. Repa JJ, Mangelsdorf DJ 2000 The role of orphan nuclear receptors in the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 16:459-481
15. Steffensen KR, Neo SY, Stulnig TM, Vega VB, Rahman SS, Schuster GU, Gustafsson JA, Liu ET 2004 Genome-wide expression profiling; a panel of mouse tissues discloses novel biological functions of liver X receptors in adrenals. J Mol Endocrinol 33:609-622
16. Matsumoto S, Hashimoto K, Yamada M, Satoh T, Hirato J, Mori M 2009 Liver X receptor-α regulates proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene transcription in the pituitary. Mol Endocrinol 23:47-60
17. Stulnig TM, Oppermann U, Steffensen KR, Schuster GU, Gustafsson JA 2002 Liver X receptors downregulate 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 expression and activity. Diabetes 51:2426-2433
18. Nilsson M, Stulnig TM, Lin CY, Yeo AL, Nowotny P, Liu ET, Steffensen KR 2007 Liver X receptors regulate adrenal steroidogenesis and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal feedback. Mol Endocrinol 21:126-137
19. Jefcoate CR 2006 Liver X receptor opens a new gateway to StAR and to steroid hormones. J Clin Invest 116:1832-1835
20. Harris HJ, Kotelevtsev Y, Mullins JJ, Seckl JR, Holmes MC 2001 Intracellular regeneration of glucocorticoids by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD)-1 plays a key role in regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: analysis of 11β-HSD-1-deficient mice. Endocrinology 142:114-120
21. Macedo LF, Sabnis G, Brodie A 2009 Aromatase inhibitors and breast cancer. Ann NY Acad Sci 1155:162-173
22. Townsley JD, Rubin EJ, Crystle CD 1973 Evaluation of placental steroid 3-sulfatase and aromatase activities as regulators of estrogen production in human pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 117:345-350
23. Yager JD, Davidson NE 2006 Estrogen carcinogenesis in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 354:270-282
24. Nilsson S, Gustafsson JA 2002 Biological role of estrogen and estrogen receptors. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 37:1-28
25. Pasqualini JR 2009 Estrogen sulfotransferases in breast and endometrial cancers. Ann NY Acad Sci 1155:88-98
26. Song WC 2001 Biochemistry and reproductive endocrinology of estrogen sulfotransferase. Ann NY Acad Sci 948:43-50
27. Kakuta Y, Pedersen LC, Chae K, Song WC, Leblanc D, London R, Carter CW, Negishi M 1998 Mouse steroid sulfotransferases: substrate specificity and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis. Biochem Pharmacol 55:313-317
28. Gong H, Guo P, Zhai Y, Zhou J, Uppal H, Jarzynka MJ, Song WC, Cheng SY, Xie W 2007 Estrogen deprivation and inhibition of breast cancer growth in vivo through activation of the orphan nuclear receptor liver X receptor. Mol Endocrinol 21:1781-1790
29. Kempenaers B, Peters A, Foerster K 2008 Sources of individual variation in plasma testosterone levels. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 363:1711-1723
30. Chatterjee B 2003 The role of the androgen receptor in the development of prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 253:89-101
31. Zhu YS, Imperato-McGinley JL 2009 5α-Reductase isozymes and androgen actions in the prostate. Ann NY Acad Sci 1155:43-56
32. Strott CA 2002 Sulfonation and molecular action. Endocr Rev 23:703-732
33. Meloche CA, Sharma V, Swedmark S, Andersson P, Falany CN 2002 Sulfation of budesonide by human cytosolic sulfotransferase, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfotransferase (DHEA-ST). Drug Metab Dispos 30:582-585
34. Reed MJ, Purohit A, Woo LW, Newman SP, Potter BV 2005 Steroid sulfatase: molecular biology, regulation, and inhibition. Endocr Rev 26:171-202
35. Uppal H, Saini SP, Moschetta A, Mu Y, Zhou J, Gong H, Zhai Y, Ren S, Michalopoulos GK, Mangelsdorf DJ, Xie W 2007 Activation of LXRs prevents bile acid toxicity and cholestasis in female mice. Hepatology 45:422-432
36. Sonoda J, Xie W, Rosenfeld JM, Barwick JL, Guzelian PS, Evans RM 2002 Regulation of a xenobiotic sulfonation cascade by nuclear pregnane X receptor (PXR). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:13801-13806
37. Lee JH, Gong H, Khadem S, Lu Y, Gao X, Li S, Zhang J, Xie W 2008 Androgen deprivation by activating the liver X receptor. Endocrinology 149:3778-3788
38. Zhang B, Xie W, Krasowski MD 2008 PXR: a xenobiotic receptor of diverse function implicated in pharmacogenetics. Pharmacogenomics 9:1695-1709
39. Xie W, Uppal H, Saini SP, Mu Y, Little JM, Radominska-Pandya A, Zemaitis MA 2004 Orphan nuclear receptor-mediated xenobiotic regulation in drug metabolism. Drug Discov Today 9:442-449
40. Kliewer SA, Goodwin B, Willson TM 2002 The nuclear pregnane X receptor: a key regulator of xenobiotic metabolism. Endocr Rev 23:687-702
41. Xie W, Yeuh MF, Radominska-Pandya A, Saini SP, Negishi Y, Bottroff BS, Cabrera GY, Tukey RH, Evans RM 2003 Control of steroid, heme, and carcinogen metabolism by nuclear pregnane X receptor and constitutive androstane receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:4150-4155
42. Zhai Y, Pai HV, Zhou J, Amico JA, Vollmer RR, Xie W 2007 Activation of pregnane X receptor disrupts glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid homeostasis. Mol Endocrinol 21:138-147
43. Terzolo M, Borretta G, Alì A, Cesario F, Magro G, Boccuzzi A, Reimondo G, Angeli A 1995 Misdiagnosis of Cushing's syndrome in a patient receiving rifampicin therapy for tuberculosis. Horm Metab Res 27:148-150
44. Zawawi TH, al-Hadramy MS, Abdelwahab SM 1996 The effects of therapy with rifampicin and isoniazid on basic investigations for Cushing's syndrome. Ir J Med Sci 165:300-302
45. Xie W, Barwick JL, Downes M, Blumberg B, Simon CM, Nelson MC, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Brunt EM, Guzelian PS, Evans RM 2000 Humanized xenobiotic response in mice expressing nuclear receptor SXR. Nature 406:435-439
46. Kliewer SA, Moore JT, Wade L, Staudinger JL, Watson MA, Jones SA, McKee DD, Oliver BB, Willson TM, Zetterström RH, Perlmann T, Lehmann JM 1998 An orphan nuclear receptor activated by pregnanes defines a novel steroid signaling pathway. Cell 92:73-82
47. Blumberg B, Sabbagh Jr W, Juguilon H, Bolado Jr J, van Meter CM, Ong ES, Evans RM 1998 SXR, a novel steroid and xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor. Genes Dev 12:3195-3205
48. Keshava C, McCanlies EC, Weston A 2004 CYP3A4 polymorphisms - potential risk factors for breast and prostate cancer: a HuGE review. Am J Epidemiol 160:825-841
49. Chen Y, Tang Y, Wang MT, Zeng S, Nie D 2007 Human pregnane X receptor and resistance to chemotherapy in prostate cancer. Cancer Res 67:10361-10367
50. Dahlman-Wright K, Siltala-Roos H, Carlstedt-Duke J, Gustafsson JA 1990 Protein-protein interactions facilitate DNA binding by the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding domain. J Biol Chem 265:14030-14035
51. Oakley RH, Webster JC, Jewell CM, Sar M, Cidlowski JA 1999 Immunocytochemical analysis of the glucocorticoid receptor α isoform (GRα) using GRα-specific antibody. Steroids 64:742-751
52. Wang JC, Derynck MK, Nonaka DF, Khodabakhsh DB, Haqq C, Yamamoto KR 2004 Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) scanning identifies primary glucocorticoid receptor target genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:15603-15608
53. Bitman J, Cecil HC 1967 Differential inhibition by cortisol of estrogen-stimulated uterine responses. Endocrinology 80:423-429
54. Bever AT, Hisaw FL, Velardo JT 1956 Inhibitory action of desoxycorticosterone acetate, cortisone acetate, and testosterone on uterine growth induced by estradiol-17β. Endocrinology 59:165-169
55. Zhou F, Bouillard B, Pharaboz-Joly MO, AndréJ 1989 Nonclassical antiestrogenic actions of dexamethasone in variant MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in culture. Mol Cell Endocrinol 66:189-197
56. Gong H, Jarzynka MJ, Cole TJ, Lee JH, Wada T, Zhang B, Gao J, Song WC, DeFranco DB, Cheng SY, Xie W 2008 Glucocorticoids antagonize estrogens by glucocorticoid receptor-mediated activation of estrogen sulfotransferase. Cancer Res 68:7386-7393
57. Leiter EH, Chapman HD 1994 Obesity-induced diabetes (diabesity) in C57BL/KsJ mice produces aberrant trans-regulation of sex steroid sulfotransferase genes. J Clin Invest 93:2007-2013
58. Chiang JY, Kimmel R, Stroup D 2001 Regulation of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase gene (CYP7A1) transcription by the liver orphan receptor (LXRα). Gene 262:257-265
59. Bouillon R, Okamura WH, Norman AW 1995 Structure-function relationships in the vitamin D endocrine system. Endocr Rev 16:200-257
60. Enjuanes A, Garcia-Giralt N, Supervia A, Nogués X, Mellibovsky L, Carbonell J, Grinberg D, Balcells S, Diez-Pérez A 2003 Regulation of CYP19 gene expression in primary human osteoblasts: effects of vitamin D and other treatments. Eur J Endocrinol 148:519-526
61. Jakob F, Homann D, Adamski J 1995 Expression and regulation of aromatase and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 4 in human THP 1 leukemia cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 55:555-563
62. Kinuta K, Tanaka H, Moriwake T, Aya K, Kato S, Seino Y 2000 Vitamin D is an important factor in estrogen biosynthesis of both female and male gonads. Endocrinology 141:1317-1324
63. 3. Biochem J 355:361-371
64. Yoshizawa T, Handa Y, Uematsu Y, Takeda S, Sekine K, Yoshihara Y, Kawakami T, Arioka K, Sato H, Uchiyama Y, Masushige S, Fukamizu A, Matsumoto T, Kato S 1997 Mice lacking the vitamin D receptor exhibit impaired bone formation, uterine hypoplasia and growth retardation after weaning. Nat Genet 16:391-396
65. Ramayya MS, Zhou J, Kino T, Segars JH, Bondy CA, Chrousos GP 1997 Steroidogenic factor 1 messenger ribonucleic acid expression in steroidogenic and nonsteroidogenic human tissues: Northern blot and in situ hybridization studies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:1799-1806
66. Ingraham HA, Lala DS, Ikeda Y, Luo X, Shen WH, Nachtigal MW, Abbud R, Nilson JH, Parker KL 1994 The nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor 1 acts at multiple levels of the reproductive axis. Genes Dev 8:2302-2312
67. Morohashi K, Tsuboi-Asai H, Matsushita S, Suda M, Nakashima M, Sasano H, Hataba Y, Li CL, Fukata J, Irie J, Watanabe T, Nagura H, Li E 1999 Structural and functional abnormalities in the spleen of an mFtz-F1 gene-disrupted mouse. Blood 93:1586-1594
68. Patel MV, McKay IA, Burrin JM 2001 Transcriptional regulators of steroidogenesis, DAX-1 and SF-1, are expressed in human skin. J Invest Dermatol 117:1559-1565
69. Shinoda K, Lei H, Yoshii H, Nomura M, Nagano M, Shiba H, Sasaki H, Osawa Y, Ninomiya Y, Niwa O, Morohashi KI, Li E 1995 Developmental defects of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus and pituitary gonadotroph in the Ftz-F1 disrupted mice. Dev Dyn 204:22-29
70. Rice DA, Mouw AR, Bogerd AM, Parker KL 1991 A shared promoter element regulates the expression of three steroidogenic enzymes. Mol Endocrinol 5:1552-1561
71. Morohashi K, Honda S, Inomata Y, Handa H, Omura T 1992 A common trans-acting factor, Ad4-binding protein, to the promoters of steroidogenic P-450s. J Biol Chem 267:17913-17919
72. Leers-Sucheta S, Morohashi K, Mason JI, Melner MH 1997 Synergistic activation of the human type II 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/δ5- δ4 isomerase promoter by the transcription factor steroidogenic factor-1/adrenal 4-binding protein and phorbol ester. J Biol Chem 272:7960-7967
73. Sugawara T, Kiriakidou M, McAllister JM, Holt JA, Arakane F, Strauss III JF 1997 Regulation of expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) gene: a central role for steroidogenic factor 1. Steroids 62:5-9
74. Parker KL, Rice DA, Lala DS, Ikeda Y, Luo X, Wong M, Bakke M, Zhao L, Frigeri C, Hanley NA, Stallings N, Schimmer BP 2002 Steroidogenic factor 1: an essential mediator of endocrine development. Recent Prog Horm Res 57:19-36
75. Parker KL, Schimmer BP 1997 Steroidogenic factor 1: a key determinant of endocrine development and function. Endocr Rev 18:361-377
76. Saner KJ, Suzuki T, Sasano H, Pizzey J, Ho C, Strauss 3rd JF, Carr BR, Rainey WE 2005 Steroid sulfotransferase 2A1 gene transcription is regulated by steroidogenic factor 1 and GATA-6 in the human adrenal. Mol Endocrinol 19:184-197
77. Sugawara T, Holt JA, Kiriakidou M, Strauss III JF 1996 Steroidogenic factor 1-dependent promoter activity of the human steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) gene. Biochemistry 35:9052-9059
78. Val P, Lefrançcois-Martinez AM, Veyssière G, Martinez A 2003 SF-1 a key player in the development and differentiation of steroidogenic tissues. Nucl Recept 1:8
79. Luo X, Ikeda Y, Parker KL 1994 A cell-specific nuclear receptor is essential for adrenal and gonadal development and sexual differentiation. Cell 77:481-490
80. Luo X, Ikeda Y, Schlosser DA, Parker KL 1995 Steroidogenic factor 1 is the essential transcript of the mouse Ftz-F1 gene. Mol Endocrinol 9:1233-1239
81. Sadovsky Y, Crawford PA, Woodson KG, Polish JA, Clements MA, Tourtellotte LM, Simburger K, Milbrandt J 1995 Mice deficient in the orphan receptor steroidogenic factor 1 lack adrenal glands and gonads but express P450 side-chain-cleavage enzyme in the placenta and have normal embryonic serum levels of corticosteroids. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:10939-10943
82. Achermann JC, Ito M, Ito M, Hindmarsh PC, Jameson JL 1999 A mutation in the gene encoding steroidogenic factor-1 causes XY sex reversal and adrenal failure in humans. Nat Genet 22:125-126 83. Achermann JC, Ozisik G, Ito M, Orun UA, Harmanci K, Gurakan B, Jameson JL 2002 Gonadal determination and adrenal development are regulated by the orphan nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor-1, in a dose-dependent manner. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:1829-1833
83. Biason-Lauber A, Schoenle EJ 2000 Apparently normal ovarian differentiation in a prepubertal girl with transcriptionally inactive steroidogenic factor 1 (NR5A1/SF-1) and adrenocortical insufficiency. Am J Hum Genet 67:1563-1568
84. Makishima M, Okamoto AY, Repa JJ, Tu H, Learned RM, Luk A, Hull MV, Lustig KD, Mangelsdorf DJ, Shan B 1999 Identification of a nuclear receptor for bile acids. Science 284:1362-1365
85. Parks DJ, Blanchard SG, Bledsoe RK, Chandra G, Consler TG, Kliewer SA, Stimmel JB, Willson TM, Zavacki AM, Moore DD, Lehmann JM 1999 Bile acids: natural ligands for an orphan nuclear receptor. Science 284:1365-1368
86. Wang H, Chen J, Hollister K, Sowers LC, Forman BM 1999 Endogenous bile acids are ligands for the nuclear receptor FXR/BAR. Mol Cell 3:543-553
87. Duran-Sandoval D, Cariou B, Percevault F, Hennuyer N, Grefhorst A, van Dijk TH, Gonzalez FJ, Fruchart JC, Kuipers F, Staels B 2005 The farnesoid X receptor modulates hepatic carbohydrate metabolism during the fasting-refeeding transition. J Biol Chem 280:29971-29979
88. Ma K, Saha PK, Chan L, Moore DD 2006 Farnesoid X receptor is essential for normal glucose homeostasis. J Clin Invest 116:1102-1109
89. Stayrook KR, Bramlett KS, Savkur RS, Ficorilli J, Cook T, Christe ME, Michael LF, Burris TP 2005 Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism by the farnesoid X receptor. Endocrinology 146:984-991
90. Zhang Y, Lee FY, Barrera G, Lee H, Vales C, Gonzalez FJ, Willson TM, Edwards PA 2006 Activation of the nuclear receptor FXR improves hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:1006-1011
91. Fisher CR, Graves KH, Parlow AF, Simpson ER 1998 Characterization of mice deficient in aromatase (ArKO) because of targeted disruption of the cyp19 gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:6965-6970
92. Swales KE, Korbonits M, Carpenter R, Walsh DT, Warner TD, Bishop-Bailey D 2006 The farnesoid X receptor is expressed in breast cancer and regulates apoptosis and aromatase expression. Cancer Res 66:10120-10126
93. Journe F, Laurent G, Chaboteaux C, Nonclercq D, Durbecq V, Larsimont D, Body JJ 2008 Farnesol, a mevalonate pathway intermediate, stimulates MCF-7 breast cancer cell growth through farnesoid-X-receptor-mediated estrogen receptor activation. Breast Cancer Res Treat 107:49-61
94. Journe F, Durbecq V, Chaboteaux C, Rouas G, Laurent G, Nonclercq D, Sotiriou C, Body JJ, Larsimont D 2009 Association between farnesoid X receptor expression and cell proliferation in estrogen receptor-positive luminal-like breast cancer from postmenopausal patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 115:523-535
95. Kaeding J, Bouchaert E, Bélanger J, Caron P, Chouinard S, Verreault M, Larouche O, Pelletier G, Staels B, Bélanger A, Barbier O 2008 Activators of the farnesoid X receptor negatively regulate androgen glucuronidation in human prostate cancer LNCAP cells. Biochem J 410:245-253
96. Song CS, Echchgadda I, Baek BS, Ahn SC, Oh T, Roy AK, Chatterjee B 2001 Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase gene induction by bile acid activated farnesoid X receptor. J Biol Chem 276:42549-42556
97. Fayard E, Auwerx J, Schoonjans K 2004 LRH-1: an orphan nuclear receptor involved in development, metabolism and steroidogenesis. Trends Cell Biol 14:250-260
98. Lu TT, Makishima M, Repa JJ, Schoonjans K, Kerr TA, Auwerx J, Mangelsdorf DJ 2000 Molecular basis for feedback regulation of bile acid synthesis by nuclear receptors. Mol Cell 6:507-515
99. Lu TT, Repa JJ, Mangelsdorf DJ 2001 Orphan nuclear receptors as eLiXiRs and FiXeRs of sterol metabolism. J Biol Chem 276:37735-37738
100. Hinshelwood MM, Repa JJ, Shelton JM, Richardson JA, Mangelsdorf DJ, Mendelson CR 2003 Expression of LRH-1 and SF-1 in the mouse ovary: localization in different cell types correlates with differing function. Mol Cell Endocrinol 207:39-45
101. Liu DL, Liu WZ, Li QL, Wang HM, Qian D, Treuter E, Zhu C 2003 Expression and functional analysis of liver receptor homologue 1 as a potential steroidogenic factor in rat ovary. Biol Reprod 69:508-517
102. Pezzi V, Sirianni R, Chimento A, Maggiolini M, Bourguiba S, Delalande C, Carreau S, AndòS, Simpson ER, Clyne CD 2004 Differential expression of steroidogenic factor-1/adrenal 4 binding protein and liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1)/fetoprotein transcription factor in the rat testis: LRH-1 as a potential regulator of testicular aromatase expression. Endocrinology 145:2186-2196
103. Clyne CD, Speed CJ, Zhou J, Simpson ER 2002 Liver receptor homologue-1 (LRH-1) regulates expression of aromatase in preadipocytes. J Biol Chem 277:20591-20597
104. Peng N, Kim JW, Rainey WE, Carr BR, Attia GR 2003 The role of the orphan nuclear receptor, liver receptor homologue-1, in the regulation of human corpus luteum 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:6020-6028
105. Freiman RN, Albright SR, Zheng S, Sha WC, Hammer RE, Tjian R 2001 Requirement of tissue-selective TBP-associated factor TAFII105 in ovarian development. Science 293:2084-2087
106. Coste A, Dubuquoy L, Barnouin R, Annicotte JS, Magnier B, Notti M, Corazza N, Antal MC, Metzger D, Desreumaux P, Brunner T, Auwerx J, Schoonjans K 2007 LRH-1-mediated glucocorticoid synthesis in enterocytes protects against inflammatory bowel disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:13098-13103
107. Atanasov AG, Leiser D, Roesselet C, Noti M, Corazza N, Schoonjans K, Brunner T 2008 Cell cycle-dependent regulation of extra-adrenal glucocorticoid synthesis in murine intestinal epithelial cells. FASEB J 22:4117-4125
108. Lee CH, Olson P, Evans RM 2003 Minireview: lipid metabolism, metabolic diseases, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Endocrinology 144:2201-2207
109. Lee CH, Evans RM 2002 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in macrophage lipid homeostasis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 13:331-335
110. Froment P, Gizard F, Defever D, Staels B, Dupont J, Monget P 2006 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in reproductive tissues: from gametogenesis to parturition. J Endocrinol 189:199-209
111. Heaney AP, Fernando M, Melmed S 2003 PPAR-γ receptor ligands: novel therapy for pituitary adenomas. J Clin Invest 111:1381-1388
112. Komar CM, Braissant O, Wahli W, Curry Jr TE 2001 Expression and localization of PPARs in the rat ovary during follicular development and the periovulatory period. Endocrinology 142:4831-4838
113. Gasic S, Bodenburg Y, Nagamani M, Green A, Urban RJ 1998 Troglitazone inhibits progesterone production in porcine granulosa cells. Endocrinology 139:4962-4966
114. Mu YM, Yanase T, Nishi Y, Waseda N, Oda T, Tanaka A, Takayanagi R, Nawata H 2000 Insulin sensitizer, troglitazone, directly inhibits aromatase activity in human ovarian granulosa cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 271:710-713
115. Gasic S, Nagamani M, Green A, Urban RJ 2001 Troglitazone is a competitive inhibitor of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme in the ovary. Am J Obstet Gynecol 184:575-579
116. Fan W, Yanase T, Morinaga H, Mu YM, Nomura M, Okabe T, Goto K, Harada N, Nawata H 2005 Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and retinoid X receptor inhibits aromatase transcription via nuclear factor-κB. Endocrinology 146:85-92
117. Fang HL, Strom SC, Cai H, Falany CN, Kocarek TA, Runge-Morris M 2005 Regulation of human hepatic hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase gene expression by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α transcription factor. Mol Pharmacol 67:1257-1267
118. Lovekamp-Swan T, Jetten AM, Davis BJ 2003 Dual activation of PPARα and PPARγ by mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in rat ovarian granulosa cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 201:133-141
119. Giguère V 2002 To ERR in the estrogen pathway. Trends Endocrinol Metab 13:220-225
120. Teyssier C, Bianco S, Lanvin O, Vanacker JM 2008 The orphan receptor ERRα interferes with steroid signaling. Nucleic Acids Res 36:5350-5361
121. Seely J, Amigh KS, Suzuki T, Mayhew B, Sasano H, Giguere V, Laganière J, Carr BR, Rainey WE 2005 Transcriptional regulation of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase (SULT2A1) by estrogen-related receptor α. Endocrinology 146:3605-3613
122. Yang C, Zhou D, Chen S 1998 Modulation of aromatase expression in the breast tissue by ERR α-1 orphan receptor. Cancer Res 58:5695-5700
123. Grasfeder LL, Gaillard S, Hammes SR, Ilkayeva O, Newgard CB, Hochberg RB, Dwyer MA, Chang CY, McDonnell DP 2009 Fasting-induced hepatic production of DHEA is regulated by PGC-1α, ERRα, and HNF4α. Mol Endocrinol 23:1171-1182