The role of the androgen receptor in the development of prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry

Volumn 253, Issue 1-2, 2003, Pages 89-101

  Chatterjee, Bandana ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT SAN ANTONIO   (United States)

^b SOUTH TEXAS VETERANS HEALTH CARE SYSTEM   (United States)

Author keywords

Androgen; Androgen receptor; Antiandrogen; Apoptosis; Growth factor; Prostate; Prostate cancer; Signal cross talk

Indexed keywords

ANDROGEN; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; ANTIANDROGEN; GROWTH FACTOR; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; OBLIMERSEN; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3 KINASE; PROTEIN KINASE B;

APOPTOSIS; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER SURVIVAL; CELL PROLIFERATION; ENZYME ACTIVATION; GENE AMPLIFICATION; GENE MUTATION; GENE TARGETING; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; HUMAN; MALE; MOLECULAR INTERACTION; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PROSTATE CANCER; PROSTATE HYPERTROPHY; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; RECEPTOR BINDING; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

1-PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; ADENOCARCINOMA; AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTION; ANIMALS; HUMANS; MALE; MAP KINASE SIGNALING SYSTEM; MULTIPROTEIN COMPLEXES; PROSTATE; PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS; RATS; RECEPTORS, ANDROGEN;

EID: 0142212410     PISSN: 03008177     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1026057402945     Document Type: Review

References (81)

1. Kokontis JM, Liao S: Molecular action of androgen in the normal and neoplastic prostate. Vitam Horm 55: 219-307, 1999
2. Roy AK, Lavrovsky Y, Song CS, Chen S, Jung MH, Velu NK, Bi BY, Chatterjee B: Regulation of androgen action. Vitam Horm 55: 309-352, 1999
3. Heinlein CA, Chang C: Androgen receptor (AR) coregulators: An overview. Endocr Rev 23: 175-200, 2002
4. Gelman EP: Molecular biology of the androgen receptor. J Clin Oncol 20: 3001-3015, 2002
5. Culig Z, Klocker H, Bartsch G, Hobisch A: Androgen receptors in prostate cancer endocrine-related Cancer 9: 155-170, 2002
6. Balk SP: Androgen receptor as a target in androgen-independent prostate cancer. Urology 60: 132-138, 2002
7. Grossmann ME, Huang H, Tindall DJ: Androgen receptor signaling in androgen-refractory prostate cancer. J Nat Cancer Inst 93: 1687-1697, 2001
8. Griffin J: Androgen resistance: The clinical and molecular spectrum. N Engl J Med 326: 611-618, 1992
9. McNeal JE: The prostate gland: Morphology and pathobiology. Monogr Urol 4: 3-33, 1983
10. Cunha GR, Donjacour AA, Cooke PS, Mee S, Bigsby RM, Higgins SJ, Sugimura Y: The endocrinology and developmental biology of the prostate. Endocr Rev 8: 338-362, 1987
11. Cunha GR: Growth factors as mediators of androgen action during male urogenital development. Prostate 6(suppl): 22-25, 1996
12. Isaacs JT, Coffey DS: Etiology and disease process of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate 2(suppl): 33-50, 1989
13. De Marzo AM, Coffey DS, Nelson WG: New concepts in tissue specificity for prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology 53: 29-39, 1999
14. Hudson DL, Guy AT, Fry P, O'Hare MJ, Watt FM, Masters JR: Epithelial cell differentiation pathways in the human prostate: Identification of intermediate phenotypes by keratin expression. J Histochem Cytochem 49: 271-278, 2001
15. Tyagi RK, Lavrovsky Y, Ahn SC, Song CS, Chatterjee B, Roy AK: Dynamics of intracellular movement and nucleocytoplasmic recycling of the ligand-activated androgen receptor in living cells. Mol Endocrinol 14: 1162-1174, 2000
16. Rachez C, Freedman LP: Mediator complexes and transcription. Curr Opin Cell Biol 13: 274-280, 2001
17. Wang Q, Sharma D, Ren Y, Fondell JD: A coregulatory role for the TRAP/Mediator complex in androgen receptor mediated gene expression. A coregulatory role for the TRAP/mediator complex in androgen receptor mediated gene expression. J Biol Chem 277: 42852-42858, 2002
18. McKenna NJ, O'Malley BW: Nuclear receptor coactivators - an update. Endocrinology 143: 2461-2465, 2002
19. Bevan CL, Hoare S, Claessens F, Heery DM, Parker MG: The AF1 and AF2 domains of the androgen receptor interact with distinct regions of SRC1. Mol Cell Biol 19: 8383-8392, 1999
20. Stallcup MR: Role of protein methylation in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation. Oncogene 20: 3014-3020, 2001
21. Wang H, Huang ZQ, Xia L, Feng Q, Erdjument-Bromage H, Strahl BD, Briggs SD, Allis CD, Wong J, Tempst P, Zhang Y: Methylation of histone H4 at arginine 3 facilitating transcriptional activation by nuclear hormone receptor. Science 293: 853-857, 2001
22. Lu J, Danielsen M: Differential regulation of androgen and glucocorticoid receptors by retinoblastoma protein. J Biol Chem 273: 31528-31533, 1998
23. Roy AK, Tyagi RK, Song CS, Lavrovsky Y, Ahn CS, Oh T, Chatterjee B: Androgen receptor: Structural domains and functional dynamics after ligand-receptor interactions. Ann NY Acad Sci 949: 44-57, 2001
24. Quigley CA, DeBillis A, Marschke KB, El-Awady MK, Wilson EM, French FS: Endocr Rev 16: 271-321, 1995
25. Faber PW, van Rooij HC, van der Korput HA, Baarends WM, Brinkmann AO, Grootegoed JA, Trapman J: Characterization of the human androgen receptor transcription unit. J Biol Chem 266: 10743-10749, 1991
26. Walcott JL, Merry DE: Ligand promotes intranuclear inclusions in a novel cell model of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. J Biol Chem 277: 50855-50859, 2002
27. Hsing AW, Gao YT, Wu G, Wang X, Deng J, Chen YL, Sesterhenn IA, Mostofi FK, Benichou J, Chang: Polymorphic CAG and GGN repeat lengths in the androgen receptor gene and prostate cancer risk: A population-based case-control study in China. Cancer Res 60: 5111-5116, 2000
28. Giovannucci E, Stampfer MJ, Krithivas K, Brown M, Dahl D, Brufsky A, Talcott J, Hennekens CH, Kantoff PW: The CAG repeat within the androgen receptor gene and its relationship to prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 3320-3323, 1997
29. Ning YM, Robins DM: AML3/CBFalpha1 is required for androgen-specific activation of the enhancer of the mouse sex-limited protein (Slp) gene. J Biol Chem 274: 30624-30630, 1999
30. Robins DM, Robins DM, Scheller A, Adler AJ: Specific steroid response from a nonspecific DNA element. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 49: 251-255, 1994
31. Song CS, Jung MH, Kim SC, Hassan T, Roy AK, Chatterjee B: Tissue-specific and androgen repressible regulation of rat dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase gene. J Biol Chem 273: 21856-21866, 1998
32. Matias PM, Donner P, Coelho R, Thomaz M, Peixoto C, Macedo S, Otto N, Joschko S, Scholz P, Wegg A, Basler S, Schafer M, Egner U, Carrondo MA: Structural evidence for ligand specificity in the binding domain of the human androgen receptor. Implications for pathogenic genene mutations. J Biol Chem 275: 26164-26171, 2000
33. Sack JS, Kish KF, Wang C, Attar RM, Kiefer SE, An Y, Wu GY, Scheffler JE, Salvati ME, Krystek SR Jr, Weinmann R, Einspahr HM: Crystallographic structures of the ligand-binding domains of the androgen receptor and its T877A mutant complexed with the natural agonist dihydrotestosterone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98: 4904-4909, 2001
34. He B, Kemppainen JA, Voegel JJ, Gronemeyer H, Wilson EM: Activation function 2 in the human androgen receptor ligand binding domain mediates interdomain communication with the NH(2)-terminal domain. J Biol Chem 274: 37219-37225, 1999
35. Ikonen T, Palvimo JJ, Janne OA: Interaction between the amino- and carboxyl-terminal regions of the rat androgen receptor modulates transcriptional activity and is influenced by nuclear receptor coactivators. J Biol Chem 272: 29821-29828, 1997
36. Wang Qi, Lu JinHua, Yong EL: Ligand- and coactivator-mediated transactivation function (AF2) of the androgen receptor ligand-binding domain is inhibited by the cognate hinge region. J Biol Chem 276: 7493-7499, 2001
37. Wu CP, Gu FL: The prostate in eunuchs. Prog Clin Biol Res 370: 249-255, 1991
38. Bostwick DG: Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Curr Urol Rep 1: 65-70, 2000
39. Craft N, Shostak Y, Carey M, Sawyers CL: A mechanism for hormone-independent prostate cancer through modulation of androgen receptor signaling by the HER-2/neu tyrosine kinase. Nat Med 5: 280-285, 1999
40. Gregory CW, He B, Johnson RT, Ford OH, Mohler JL, French FS, Wilson EM: A mechanism for androgen receptor-mediated prostate cancer recurrence after androgen deprivation therapy. Cancer Res 61: 4315-4319, 2001
41. Pollard M, Luckert PH: The inhibitory effect of 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide (4-HPR) on metastasis of prostate adenocarcinoma-III cells in Lobund-Wistar rats. Cancer Lett 59: 159-163, 1991
42. Peehl DM, Stamey TA: Serum-free growth of adult human prostatic epithelial cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 2: 82-90, 1986
43. Knudsen KE, Arden KC, Cavenee WK: Multiple G1 regulatory elements control the androgen-dependent proliferation of prostatic carcinoma cells. J Biol Chem 273: 20213-20222, 1998
44. Lu S, Tsai SY, Tsai MJ: Regulation of androgen-dependent prostatic cancer cell growth: Androgen regulation of CDK2, CDK4, CKI p16 genes. Cancer Res 57: 4511-4516, 1997
45. Yeh S, Miyamoto H, Nishimura K, Kang H, Ludlow J, Hsiao P, Wang C, Su C, Chang C: Retinoblastoma, a tumor suppressor, is a coactivator for the androgen receptor in human prostate cancer DU145 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 248: 361-367, 1998
46. Bonaccorsi L, Carloni V, Muratori M, Salvadori A, Giannini A, Carini M, Serio M, Forti G; Baldi E: Androgen receptor expression in prostate carcinoma cells suppresses alpha6beta4 integrin-mediated invasive phenotype. Endocrinology 141: 3172-3182, 2000
47. Shen R, Sumitomo M, Dai J, Harris A, Kaminetzky D, Gao M, Burnstein KL, Nanus DM: Androgen-induced growth inhibition of androgen receptor expressing androgen-independent prostate cancer cells is mediated by increased levels of neutral endopeptidase Endocrinology 141: 1699-1704, 2000
48. Abreu-Martin MT, Chari A, Palladino AA, Craft NA, Sawyers CL: Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 activates androgen receptor-dependent transcription and apoptosis in prostate cancer. Mol Cell Biol 19: 5143-5154, 1999
49. Lavrovsky Y, Mubiru J, Song CS, Ahn SC, Sharp ZD, Herbert DC, Chatterjee B, Roy AK: Aberarnt Prostatic Cell Proliferation in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Androgen Receptor. 83rd Annual Endocrine Society Meeting, 2001
50. Stanbrough M, Leav I, Kwan PW, Bubley GJ, Balk SP: Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in mice expressing an androgen receptor transgene in prostate epithelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98: 10823-10828, 2001
51. Linja MJ, Savinainen KJ, Saramaki OR, Tammela TL, Vessella RL, Visakorpi T: Amplification and overexpression of androgen receptor gene in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Cancer Res 61: 3550-3555, 2001
52. Greenberg NM, DeMayo F, Finegold MJ, Medina D, Tilley WD, Aspinall JO, Cunha GR, Donjacour AA, Matusik RJ, Rosen JM: Prostate cancer in a transgenic mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 3439-3443, 1995
53. Kasper S, Sheppard PC, Yan Y, Pettigrew N, Borowsky AD, Prins GS, Dodd JG, Duckworth ML, Matusik RJ: Development, progression, and androgen-dependence of prostate tumors in probasin-large T antigen transgenic mice: A model for prostate cancer. Lab Invest 78: i-xv, 1998
54. Buchanan G, Greenberg NM, Scher HI, Harris JM, Marshall VR, Tilley WD: Collocation of androgen receptor gene mutations in prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 5: 1273-1281, 2001
55. Buchanan G, Yang M, Harris JM, Nahm HS, Han G, Moore N, Bentel JM, Matusik RJ, Horsfall DJ, Marshall VR, Greenberg NM, Tilley WD: Mutations at the boundary of the hinge and ligand binding domain of the androgen receptor confer increased transactivation function. Mol Endocrinol 15: 46-56, 2001
56. Mononen N, Syrjakoski K, Matikainen M, Tammela TL, Schleutker J, Kallioniemi OP, Trapman J, Koivisto PA: Two percent of Finnish prostate cancer patients have a germ-line mutation in the hormone-binding domain of the androgen receptor gene. Cancer Res 60: 6479-64881, 2000
57. Miyamoto H, Yeh S, Lardy H, Messing E, Chang C: Delta5-andro-stenediol is a natural hormone with androgenic activity in human prostate cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 11083-11088, 1998
58. Gregory CW, Johnson RT Jr, Presnell SC, Mohler JL, French FS: Androgen receptor regulation of G1 cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase function in the CWR22 human prostate cancer xenograft. J Androl 22: 537-548, 2001
59. Gnanapragasam VJ, Leung H, Pulimood AS, Neal D, Robson CN: Expression of RAC3, a steroid hormone receptor coactivator in prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 85: 1928-1936, 2001
60. Fujimoto N, Mizokami A, Harada S, Matsumoto T: Different expression of androgen receptor coactivators in human prostate. Urology 58: 289-294, 2001
61. Hobisch A, Eder IE, Putz T, Horninger W, Bartsch G, Klocker H, Culig Z: Interleukin-6 regulates prostate-specific protein expression in prostate carcinoma cells by activation of the androgen receptor. Cancer Res 58: 4640-4645, 1998
62. Pearson G, Robinson F, Beers Gibson T, Xu Be, Karandikar M, Berman K, Cobb MH: Mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase pathways: Regulation and physiological functions. Endocr Rev 22: 153-183, 2001
63. Gioeli D, Mandell JW, Petroni GR, Frierson HF Jr, Weber MJ: Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase associated with prostate cancer progression. Cancer Res 59: 279-284, 1999
64. Vivanco I, Sawyers CL: The phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase AKT pathway in human cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2: 489-501, 2002
65. Malik SN, Brattain M, Ghosh PM, Troyer DA, Prihoda T, Bedolla R, Kreisberg JI: Immunohistochemical demonstration of phospho-Akt in high Gleason grade prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 4: 1168-1171, 2002
66. Cardone MH, Roy N, Stennicke HR, Salvesen GS, Franke TF, Stanbridge E, Frisch S, Reed JC: Regulation of cell death protease caspase-9 by phosphorylation. Science 282: 1318-1321, 1998
67. del Peso L, Gonzalez-Garcia M, Page C, Herrera R, Nunez G: Interleukin-3-induced phosphorylation of BAD through the protein kinase Akt. Science 278: 687-689, 1997
68. Sharma M, Chuang WW, Sun Z: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt stimulates androgen pathway through GSK3beta inhibition and nuclear beta-catenin accumulation. J Biol Chem 277: 30935-30941, 2002
69. Maehama T, Dixon JE: The tumor suppressor, PTEN/MMAC1, dephosphorylates the lipid second messenger, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. J Biol Chem 273: 13375-13378, 1998
70. Weihua Z, Warner M, Gustafsson J: Estrogen receptor beta in the prostate. Mol Cell Endocrinol 193: 1, 2002
71. Migliaccio A, Castoria G, Di Domenico M, de Falco A, Bilancio A, Lombardi M, Barone MV, Ametrano D, Zannini MS, Abbondanza C, Auricchio F: Steroid-induced androgen receptor-oestradiol receptor beta-Src complex triggers prostate cancer cell proliferation. EMBO J 19: 5406-5417, 2000
72. Wang LG, Ossowski L, Ferrari AC: Overexpressed androgen receptor linked to p21WAF1 silencing may be responsible for androgen independence and resistance to apoptosis of a prostate cancer cell line. Cancer Res 61: 7544-7551, 2001
73. Miyake H, Tolcher A, Gleave ME: Antisense Bcl-2 oligodeoxynucleotides inhibit progression to androgen-independence after castration in the Shionogi tumor model. Cancer Res 59: 4030-4034, 1999
74. Banerjee D: Technology evaluation: G-3139. Curr Opin Mol Ther 1: 404-408, 1999
75. Chen S, Song, CS, Lavrovsky Y, Bi B, Vellanoweth R, Chatterjee B, Roy AK: Catalytic cleavage of androgen receptor mRNA and functional inhibition of androgen receptor activity by a hammerhead ribozyme. Mol Endocrinol 12: 1558-1566, 1998
76. Matzke M, Matzke AJ, Kooter JM. RNA: Guiding gene silencing. Science 293: 1080-1083, 2001
77. Nishikura K: A short primer on RNAi: RNA-directed RNA polymerase acts as a key catalyst. Cell 107: 415-418, 2001
78. Tuschl T: RNA interference and small interfering RNAs. Chembiochem 2: 239-245, 2001
79. Sui G, Soohoo C, Affar el B, Gay F, Shi Y, Forrester WC, Shi Y: A DNA vector-based RNAi technology to suppress gene expression in mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99: 5515-5520, 2002
80. Brummelkamp TR, Bernards R, Agami R: A system for stable expression of short interfering RNAs in mammalian cells. Science 296: 550-553, 2002
81. Lee S, Kim H, Yu R, Lee K, Gardner T, Jung C, Jeng M, Yeung F, Cheng L, Kao C: Novel prostate-specific promoter derived from PSA and PSMA enhancers. Mol Ther 6: 415-421, 2002