Liver X receptors regulate adrenal steroidogenesis and hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal feedback

Molecular Endocrinology

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 126-137

  Nilsson, Maria ^a   Stulnig, Thomas M ^c   Lin, Chin Yo ^b   Ai, Li Yeo ^b   Nowotny, Peter ^c   Liu, Edison T ^b   Steffensen, Knut R ^a  

^a KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^b GENOME INSTITUTE OF SINGAPORE   (Singapore)

^c MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

11BETA HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE; 11BETA HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE 1; 3 [3 [[2 CHLORO 3 (TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZYL](2 DIPHENYLETHYL)AMINO]PROPOXY]PHENYLACETIC ACID; CORTICOSTEROID; LIVER X RECEPTOR; LIVER X RECEPTOR ALPHA; LIVER X RECEPTOR BETA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADRENAL GLAND; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; GENE EXPRESSION; HORMONE RELEASE; HORMONE SYNTHESIS; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN TISSUE; HYPOPHYSIS; HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOPHYSIS ADRENAL SYSTEM; MOUSE; NEGATIVE FEEDBACK; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; STEROIDOGENESIS;

ADRENAL GLANDS; ANIMALS; DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; FEEDBACK, BIOCHEMICAL; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; HUMANS; HYPOTHALAMUS; MICE; MICE, INBRED C57BL; MICE, KNOCKOUT; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PITUITARY GLAND; RECEPTORS, CYTOPLASMIC AND NUCLEAR; STEROIDS;

EID: 33845977718     PISSN: 08888809     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1210/me.2006-0187     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Bjorntorp P, Rosmond R 2000 Obesity and cortisol. Nutrition 16:924-936
2. Wajchenberg BL 2000 Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: their relation to the metabolic syndrome. Endocr Rev 21:697-738
3. Giacchetti G, Sechi LA, Rilli S, Carey RM 2005 The renin-angiotensin- aldosterone system, glucose metabolism and diabetes. Trends Endocrinol Metab 16:120-126
4. Shulman AI, Mangelsdorf DJ 2005 Retinoid x receptor heterodimers in the metabolic syndrome. N Engl J Med 353:604-615
5. Handschin C, Meyer UA 2005 Regulatory network of lipid-sensing nuclear receptors: roles for CAR, PXR, LXR, and FXR. Arch Biochem Biophys 433:387-396
6. Li AC, Glass CK 2004 PPAR- and LXR-dependent pathways controlling lipid metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis. J Lipid Res 45:2161-2173
7. Steffensen KR, Gustafsson JA 2006 Liver X receptors: new drug targets to treat type 2 diabetes? Future Lipidol 1:181-189
8. Kalaany NY, Mangelsdorf DJ 2006 LXRs and FXR: the yin and yang of cholesterol and fat metabolism. Annu Rev Physiol 68:159-191
9. Gerin I, Dolinsky VW, Shackman JG, Kennedy RT, Chiang SH, Burant CF, Steffensen KR, Gustafsson JA, Macdougald OA 2005 LXRβ is required for adipocyte growth, glucose homeostasis, and β cell function. J Biol Chem 280:23024-23031
10. Efanov AM, Sewing S, Bokvist K, Gromada J 2004 Liver X receptor activation stimulates insulin secretion via modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in pancreatic β-cells. Diabetes 53(Suppl 3):S75-S78
11. Steffensen KR, Neo SY, Stulnig TM, Vega VB, Rahman SS, Schuster GU, Gustafsson JA, Liu ET 2004 Genome-wide expression profiling; a panel of mouse tissues discloses novel biological functions of liver X receptors in adrenals. J Mol Endocrinol 33:609-622
12. Kalaany NY, Gauthier KC, Zavacki AM, Mammen PP, Kitazume T, Peterson JA, Horton JD, Garry DJ, Bianco AC, Mangelsdorf DJ 2005 LXRs regulate the balance between fat storage and oxidation. Cell Metab 1:231-244
13. Morello F, de Boer RA, Steffensen KR, Gnecchi M, Chisholm JW, Boomsma F, Anderson LM, Lawn RM, Gustafsson JK, Lopez-Ilasaca M, Pratt RE, Dzau VJ 2005 Liver X receptors α and β regulate renin expression in vivo. J Clin Invest 115:1913-1922
14. Harris HJ, Kotelevtsev Y, Mullins JJ, Seckl JR, Holmes MC 2001 Intracellular regeneration of glucocorticoids by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD)-1 plays a key role in regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: analysis of 11β-HSD-1-deficient mice. Endocrinology 142:114-120
15. Enyeart JJ 2005 Biochemical and ionic signaling mechanisms for ACTH-stimulated cortisol production. Vitam Horm 70:265-279
16. Annicotte JS, Schoonjans K, Auwerx J 2004 Expression of the liver X receptor α and β in embryonic and adult mice. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol 277:312-316
17. Martin G, Pilon A, Albert C, Valle M, Hum DW, Fruchart JC, Najib J, Clavey V, Staels B 1999 Comparison of expression and regulation of the high-density lipoprotein receptor SR-BI and the low-density lipoprotein receptor in human adrenocortical carcinoma NCI-H295 cells. Eur J Biochem 261:481-491
18. Jefcoate C 2002 High-flux mitochondrial cholesterol trafficking, a specialized function of the adrenal cortex. J Clin Invest 110:881-890
19. Hu MC, Hsu HJ, Guo IC, Chung BC 2004 Function of Cyp11a1 in animal models. Mol Cell Endocrinol 215:95-100
20. Cooper MS, Stewart PM 2005 Diagnosis and treatment of ACTH deficiency. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 6:47-54
21. Frigeri C, Tsao J, Czerwinski W, Schimmer BP 2000 Impaired steroidogenic factor 1 (NR5A1) activity in mutant Y1 mouse adrenocortical tumor cells. Mol Endocrinol 14:535-544
22. Janowski BA, Willy PJ, Devi TR, Falck JR, Mangelsdorf DJ 1996 An oxysterol signalling pathway mediated by the nuclear receptor LXR α. Nature 383:728-731
23. Stulnig TM, Oppermann U, Steffensen KR, Schuster GU, Gustafsson JA 2002 Liver X receptors downregulate 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 expression and activity. Diabetes 51:2426-2433
24. Cummins CL, Volle DH, Zhang Y, McDonald JG, Sion B, Lefrancois-Martinez AM, Caira F, Veyssiere G, Mangelsdorf DJ, Lobaccaro JM 2006 Liver X receptors regulate adrenal cholesterol balance. J Clin Invest 116:1902-1912
25. Salehi M, Ferenczi A, Zumoff B 2005 Obesity and cortisol status. Horm Metab Res 37:193-197
26. Alberti S, Schuster G, Parini P, Feltkamp D, Diczfalusy U, Rudling M, Angelin B, Bjorkhem I, Pettersson S, Gustafsson JA 2001 Hepatic cholesterol metabolism and resistance to dietary cholesterol in LXRβ-deficient mice. J Clin Invest 107:565-573
27. Schuster GU, Parini P, Wang L, Alberti S, Steffensen KR, Hansson GK, Angelin B, Gustafsson JA 2002 Accumulation of foam cells in liver X receptor-deficient mice. Circulation 106:1147-1153
28. Repa JJ, Turley SD, Lobaccaro JA, Medina J, Li L, Lustig K, Shan B, Heyman RA, Dietschy JM, Mangelsdorf DJ 2000 Regulation of absorption and ABC1-mediated efflux of cholesterol by RXR heterodimers. Science 289:1524-1549
29. Vierhapper H, Nowotny P, Waldhausl W 1986 Stimulation of gonadal steroid synthesis by chronic excess of adrenocorticotropin in patients with adrenocortical insufficiency. J Clin Invest 77:1063-107010