메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 233, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 126-145

The U1-snRNP complex: Structural properties relating to autoimmune pathogenesis in rheumatic diseases

Author keywords

Autoimmunity; Epitope spreading; Lupus; Mixed connective tissue disease; U1 70K; U1 snRNP

Indexed keywords

AUTOANTIBODY; AUTOANTIGEN; DNA VACCINE; EPITOPE; GAMMA INTERFERON; INTERLEUKIN 10; PEPTIDE FRAGMENT; PROTEIN SM; PROTEIN U1 70K [131-151]; SMALL NUCLEAR RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR; U1 SMALL NUCLEAR RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN COMPLEX; U1 SMALL NUCLEAR RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN COMPLEX ANTIBODY; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 73249122428     PISSN: 01052896     EISSN: 1600065X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2009.00863.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (58)

References (163)
  • 1
    • 0028922074 scopus 로고
    • Autoantibodies in the diagnosis of systemic rheumatic diseases
    • von Muhlen CA, Tan EM. Autoantibodies in the diagnosis of systemic rheumatic diseases. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1995 24 : 323 358.
    • (1995) Semin Arthritis Rheum , vol.24 , pp. 323-358
    • Von Muhlen, C.A.1    Tan, E.M.2
  • 2
    • 0000597563 scopus 로고
    • The reaction of the lupus erythematosus (L.E.) cell factor with deoxyribonucleoprotein of the cell nucleus
    • Holman H, Deicher HR. The reaction of the lupus erythematosus (L.E.) cell factor with deoxyribonucleoprotein of the cell nucleus. J Clin Invest 1959 38 : 2059 2072.
    • (1959) J Clin Invest , vol.38 , pp. 2059-2072
    • Holman, H.1    Deicher, H.R.2
  • 3
    • 0013886630 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of a soluble nuclear antigen precipitating with sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Tan EM, Kunkel HG. Characteristics of a soluble nuclear antigen precipitating with sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Immunol 1966 96 : 464 471.
    • (1966) J Immunol , vol.96 , pp. 464-471
    • Tan, E.M.1    Kunkel, H.G.2
  • 4
    • 0015014035 scopus 로고
    • Association of autoantibodies to different nuclear antigens with clinical patterns of rheumatic disease and responsiveness to therapy
    • Sharp GC, et al. Association of autoantibodies to different nuclear antigens with clinical patterns of rheumatic disease and responsiveness to therapy. J Clin Invest 1971 50 : 350 359.
    • (1971) J Clin Invest , vol.50 , pp. 350-359
    • Sharp, G.C.1
  • 5
    • 33750817321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoantibodies to citrullinated antigens in (early) rheumatoid arthritis
    • van Venrooij WJ, Zendman AJ, Pruijn GJ. Autoantibodies to citrullinated antigens in (early) rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 2006 6 : 37 41.
    • (2006) Autoimmun Rev , vol.6 , pp. 37-41
    • Van Venrooij, W.J.1    Zendman, A.J.2    Pruijn, G.J.3
  • 6
    • 54349105949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epitope spreading to citrullinated antigens in mouse models of autoimmune arthritis and demyelination
    • Kidd BA, et al. Epitope spreading to citrullinated antigens in mouse models of autoimmune arthritis and demyelination. Arthritis Res Ther 2008 10 : R119.
    • (2008) Arthritis Res Ther , vol.10 , pp. 119
    • Kidd, B.A.1
  • 7
    • 63649099704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crystal structure of human spliceosomal U1 snRNP at 5.5 A resolution
    • Pomeranz Krummel DA, Oubridge C, Leung AK, Li J, Nagai K. Crystal structure of human spliceosomal U1 snRNP at 5.5 A resolution. Nature 2009 458 : 475 480.
    • (2009) Nature , vol.458 , pp. 475-480
    • Da, P.K.1    Oubridge, C.2    Leung, A.K.3    Li, J.4    Nagai, K.5
  • 8
    • 0029891101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structure and function of proteins involved in mammalian pre-mRNA splicing
    • Kramer A. The structure and function of proteins involved in mammalian pre-mRNA splicing. Annu Rev Biochem 1996 65 : 367 409.
    • (1996) Annu Rev Biochem , vol.65 , pp. 367-409
    • Kramer, A.1
  • 10
    • 0000341684 scopus 로고
    • Antibodies to small nuclear RNAs complexed with proteins are produced by patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Lerner MR, Steitz JA. Antibodies to small nuclear RNAs complexed with proteins are produced by patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1979 76 : 5495 5499.
    • (1979) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.76 , pp. 5495-5499
    • Lerner, M.R.1    Steitz, J.A.2
  • 11
    • 0025340544 scopus 로고
    • Solution structure of human U1 snRNA. Derivation of a possible three-dimensional model
    • Krol A, Westhof E, Bach M, Luhrmann R, Ebel JP, Carbon P. Solution structure of human U1 snRNA. Derivation of a possible three-dimensional model. Nucleic Acids Res 1990 18 : 3803 3811.
    • (1990) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.18 , pp. 3803-3811
    • Krol, A.1    Westhof, E.2    Bach, M.3    Luhrmann, R.4    Ebel, J.P.5    Carbon, P.6
  • 12
    • 0033524941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crystal structures of two Sm protein complexes and their implications for the assembly of the spliceosomal snRNPs
    • Kambach C, et al. Crystal structures of two Sm protein complexes and their implications for the assembly of the spliceosomal snRNPs. Cell 1999 96 : 375 387.
    • (1999) Cell , vol.96 , pp. 375-387
    • Kambach, C.1
  • 13
    • 0035945611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arrangement of RNA and proteins in the spliceosomal U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle
    • Stark H, Dube P, Luhrmann R, Kastner B. Arrangement of RNA and proteins in the spliceosomal U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle. Nature 2001 409 : 539 542.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.409 , pp. 539-542
    • Stark, H.1    Dube, P.2    Luhrmann, R.3    Kastner, B.4
  • 14
    • 0023036071 scopus 로고
    • Cloning of the human cDNA for the U1 RNA-associated 70K protein
    • Theissen H, et al. Cloning of the human cDNA for the U1 RNA-associated 70K protein. EMBO J 1986 5 : 3209 3217.
    • (1986) EMBO J , vol.5 , pp. 3209-3217
    • Theissen, H.1
  • 15
    • 0027993871 scopus 로고
    • The association of the U1-specific 70K and C proteins with U1 snRNPs is mediated in part by common U snRNP proteins
    • Nelissen RL, Will CL, van Venrooij WJ, Luhrmann R. The association of the U1-specific 70K and C proteins with U1 snRNPs is mediated in part by common U snRNP proteins. EMBO J 1994 13 : 4113 4125.
    • (1994) EMBO J , vol.13 , pp. 4113-4125
    • Nelissen, R.L.1    Will, C.L.2    Van Venrooij, W.J.3    Luhrmann, R.4
  • 16
    • 0035994090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-U1A monoclonal antibodies recognize unique epitope targets of U1A which are involved in the binding of U1 RNA
    • Lutz CS, McClain MT, Harley JB, James JA. Anti-U1A monoclonal antibodies recognize unique epitope targets of U1A which are involved in the binding of U1 RNA. J Mol Recognit 2002 15 : 163 170.
    • (2002) J Mol Recognit , vol.15 , pp. 163-170
    • Lutz, C.S.1    McClain, M.T.2    Harley, J.B.3    James, J.A.4
  • 17
    • 0345423178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel specificity of anti-U1A autoimmune patient sera
    • Faig OZ, Lutz CS. Novel specificity of anti-U1A autoimmune patient sera. Scand J Immunol 2003 57 : 79 84.
    • (2003) Scand J Immunol , vol.57 , pp. 79-84
    • Faig, O.Z.1    Lutz, C.S.2
  • 18
    • 0024603237 scopus 로고
    • A common RNA recognition motif identified within a defined U1 RNA binding domain of the 70K U1 snRNP protein
    • Query CC, Bentley RC, Keene JD. A common RNA recognition motif identified within a defined U1 RNA binding domain of the 70K U1 snRNP protein. Cell 1989 57 : 89 101.
    • (1989) Cell , vol.57 , pp. 89-101
    • Query, C.C.1    Bentley, R.C.2    Keene, J.D.3
  • 19
    • 0024404488 scopus 로고
    • A specific 31-nucleotide domain of U1 RNA directly interacts with the 70K small nuclear ribonucleoprotein component
    • Query CC, Bentley RC, Keene JD. A specific 31-nucleotide domain of U1 RNA directly interacts with the 70K small nuclear ribonucleoprotein component. Mol Cell Biol 1989 9 : 4872 4881.
    • (1989) Mol Cell Biol , vol.9 , pp. 4872-4881
    • Query, C.C.1    Bentley, R.C.2    Keene, J.D.3
  • 20
    • 0024851833 scopus 로고
    • Identification of the RNA binding segment of human U1 A protein and definition of its binding site on U1 snRNA
    • Scherly D, Boelens W, van Venrooij WJ, Dathan NA, Hamm J, Mattaj IW. Identification of the RNA binding segment of human U1 A protein and definition of its binding site on U1 snRNA. EMBO J 1989 8 : 4163 4170.
    • (1989) EMBO J , vol.8 , pp. 4163-4170
    • Scherly, D.1    Boelens, W.2    Van Venrooij, W.J.3    Dathan, N.A.4    Hamm, J.5    Mattaj, I.W.6
  • 21
    • 0028004607 scopus 로고
    • Crystal structure at 1.92 A resolution of the RNA-binding domain of the U1A spliceosomal protein complexed with an RNA hairpin
    • Oubridge C, Ito N, Evans PR, Teo CH, Nagai K. Crystal structure at 1.92 A resolution of the RNA-binding domain of the U1A spliceosomal protein complexed with an RNA hairpin. Nature 1994 372 : 432 438.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.372 , pp. 432-438
    • Oubridge, C.1    Ito, N.2    Evans, P.R.3    Teo, C.H.4    Nagai, K.5
  • 22
    • 0026596044 scopus 로고
    • Structure of the small nuclear RNP particle U1: Identification of the two structural protuberances with RNP-antigens A and 70K
    • Kastner B, Kornstadt U, Bach M, Luhrmann R. Structure of the small nuclear RNP particle U1: identification of the two structural protuberances with RNP-antigens A and 70K. J Cell Biol 1992 116 : 839 849.
    • (1992) J Cell Biol , vol.116 , pp. 839-849
    • Kastner, B.1    Kornstadt, U.2    Bach, M.3    Luhrmann, R.4
  • 24
    • 0032489021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical devices of the spliceosome: Motors, clocks, springs, and things
    • Staley JP, Guthrie C. Mechanical devices of the spliceosome: motors, clocks, springs, and things. Cell 1998 92 : 315 326.
    • (1998) Cell , vol.92 , pp. 315-326
    • Staley, J.P.1    Guthrie, C.2
  • 25
    • 0033525795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flipping the switch to an active spliceosome
    • Murray HL, Jarrell KA. Flipping the switch to an active spliceosome. Cell 1999 96 : 599 602.
    • (1999) Cell , vol.96 , pp. 599-602
    • Murray, H.L.1    Jarrell, K.A.2
  • 26
    • 60349104299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spliceosome: Design principles of a dynamic RNP machine
    • Wahl MC, Will CL, Luhrmann R. The spliceosome: design principles of a dynamic RNP machine. Cell 2009 136 : 701 718.
    • (2009) Cell , vol.136 , pp. 701-718
    • Wahl, M.C.1    Will, C.L.2    Luhrmann, R.3
  • 27
    • 42249093677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation of an active step i spliceosome and composition of its RNP core
    • Bessonov S, Anokhina M, Will CL, Urlaub H, Luhrmann R. Isolation of an active step I spliceosome and composition of its RNP core. Nature 2008 452 : 846 850.
    • (2008) Nature , vol.452 , pp. 846-850
    • Bessonov, S.1    Anokhina, M.2    Will, C.L.3    Urlaub, H.4    Luhrmann, R.5
  • 28
    • 33745050151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryo-electron microscopy of spliceosomal components
    • Stark H, Luhrmann R. Cryo-electron microscopy of spliceosomal components. Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct 2006 35 : 435 457.
    • (2006) Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct , vol.35 , pp. 435-457
    • Stark, H.1    Luhrmann, R.2
  • 29
    • 60349110387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural mapping of spliceosomes by electron microscopy
    • Luhrmann R, Stark H. Structural mapping of spliceosomes by electron microscopy. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2009 19 : 96 102.
    • (2009) Curr Opin Struct Biol , vol.19 , pp. 96-102
    • Luhrmann, R.1    Stark, H.2
  • 30
    • 0032536384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of phosphorylated serine/arginine (SR) splicing factors with the U1-small ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) autoantigen complex accompanies apoptotic cell death
    • Utz PJ, Hottelet M, van Venrooij WJ, Anderson P. Association of phosphorylated serine/arginine (SR) splicing factors with the U1-small ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) autoantigen complex accompanies apoptotic cell death. J Exp Med 1998 187 : 547 560.
    • (1998) J Exp Med , vol.187 , pp. 547-560
    • Utz, P.J.1    Hottelet, M.2    Van Venrooij, W.J.3    Anderson, P.4
  • 31
    • 0026716104 scopus 로고
    • SR proteins: A conserved family of pre-mRNA splicing factors
    • Zahler AM, Lane WS, Stolk JA, Roth MB. SR proteins: a conserved family of pre-mRNA splicing factors. Genes Dev 1992 6 : 837 847.
    • (1992) Genes Dev , vol.6 , pp. 837-847
    • Zahler, A.M.1    Lane, W.S.2    Stolk, J.A.3    Roth, M.B.4
  • 32
    • 0027137934 scopus 로고
    • Specific interactions between proteins implicated in splice site selection and regulated alternative splicing
    • Wu JY, Maniatis T. Specific interactions between proteins implicated in splice site selection and regulated alternative splicing. Cell 1993 75 : 1061 1070.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.75 , pp. 1061-1070
    • Wu, J.Y.1    Maniatis, T.2
  • 33
    • 0027160003 scopus 로고
    • Distinct functions of SR proteins in alternative pre-mRNA splicing
    • Zahler AM, Neugebauer KM, Lane WS, Roth MB. Distinct functions of SR proteins in alternative pre-mRNA splicing. Science 1993 260 : 219 222.
    • (1993) Science , vol.260 , pp. 219-222
    • Zahler, A.M.1    Neugebauer, K.M.2    Lane, W.S.3    Roth, M.B.4
  • 34
    • 0028968629 scopus 로고
    • Distinct functions of SR proteins in recruitment of U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein to alternative 5′ splice sites
    • Zahler AM, Roth MB. Distinct functions of SR proteins in recruitment of U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein to alternative 5′ splice sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995 92 : 2642 2646.
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.92 , pp. 2642-2646
    • Zahler, A.M.1    Roth, M.B.2
  • 35
    • 0033890806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SR proteins are autoantigens in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Importance of phosphoepitopes
    • Neugebauer KM, Merrill JT, Wener MH, Lahita RG, Roth MB. SR proteins are autoantigens in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Importance of phosphoepitopes. Arthritis Rheum 2000 43 : 1768 1778.
    • (2000) Arthritis Rheum , vol.43 , pp. 1768-1778
    • Neugebauer, K.M.1    Merrill, J.T.2    Wener, M.H.3    Lahita, R.G.4    Roth, M.B.5
  • 36
    • 0015146713 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a soluble nuclear ribonucleoprotein antigen reactive with SLE sera
    • Mattioli M, Reichlin M. Characterization of a soluble nuclear ribonucleoprotein antigen reactive with SLE sera. J Immunol 1971 107 : 1281 1290.
    • (1971) J Immunol , vol.107 , pp. 1281-1290
    • Mattioli, M.1    Reichlin, M.2
  • 37
    • 0015289868 scopus 로고
    • Mixed connective tissue disease-an apparently distinct rheumatic disease syndrome associated with a specific antibody to an extractable nuclear antigen (ENA)
    • Sharp GC, Irvin WS, Tan EM, Gould RG, Holman HR. Mixed connective tissue disease-an apparently distinct rheumatic disease syndrome associated with a specific antibody to an extractable nuclear antigen (ENA). Am J Med 1972 52 : 148 159.
    • (1972) Am J Med , vol.52 , pp. 148-159
    • Sharp, G.C.1    Irvin, W.S.2    Tan, E.M.3    Gould, R.G.4    Holman, H.R.5
  • 38
    • 0017166532 scopus 로고
    • Association of antibodies to ribonucleoprotein and Sm antigens with mixed connective-tissue disease, systematic lupus erythematosus and other rheumatic diseases
    • Sharp GC, et al. Association of antibodies to ribonucleoprotein and Sm antigens with mixed connective-tissue disease, systematic lupus erythematosus and other rheumatic diseases. N Engl J Med 1976 295 : 1149 1154.
    • (1976) N Engl J Med , vol.295 , pp. 1149-1154
    • Sharp, G.C.1
  • 39
    • 33645982878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixed connective tissue disease
    • Venables PJ. Mixed connective tissue disease. Lupus 2006 15 : 132 137.
    • (2006) Lupus , vol.15 , pp. 132-137
    • Venables, P.J.1
  • 40
    • 49949152172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune pathogenesis of Mixed Connective Tissue Disease: A short analytical review
    • Hoffman RW, Maldonado ME. Immune pathogenesis of Mixed Connective Tissue Disease: a short analytical review. Clin Immunol 2008 128 : 8 17.
    • (2008) Clin Immunol , vol.128 , pp. 8-17
    • Hoffman, R.W.1    Maldonado, M.E.2
  • 41
    • 0021345835 scopus 로고
    • The structure of mammalian small nuclear ribonucleoproteins. Identification of multiple protein components reactive with anti-(U1) ribonucleoprotein and anti-Sm autoantibodies
    • Pettersson I, Hinterberger M, Mimori T, Gottlieb E, Steitz JA. The structure of mammalian small nuclear ribonucleoproteins. Identification of multiple protein components reactive with anti-(U1)ribonucleoprotein and anti-Sm autoantibodies. J Biol Chem 1984 259 : 5907 5914.
    • (1984) J Biol Chem , vol.259 , pp. 5907-5914
    • Pettersson, I.1    Hinterberger, M.2    Mimori, T.3    Gottlieb, E.4    Steitz, J.A.5
  • 42
    • 0027165040 scopus 로고
    • Antibodies to Sm, RNP and SSB detected by solid-phase ELISAs using recombinant antigens: A comparison study with counter immunoelectrophoresis and immunoblotting
    • Delpech A, Gilbert D, Daliphard S, Le Loet X, Godin M, Tron F. Antibodies to Sm, RNP and SSB detected by solid-phase ELISAs using recombinant antigens: a comparison study with counter immunoelectrophoresis and immunoblotting. J Clin Lab Anal 1993 7 : 197 202.
    • (1993) J Clin Lab Anal , vol.7 , pp. 197-202
    • Delpech, A.1    Gilbert, D.2    Daliphard, S.3    Le Loet, X.4    Godin, M.5    Tron, F.6
  • 43
    • 0021934525 scopus 로고
    • Antibodies to nRNP, Sm, Ro(SSA) and La(SSB) detected by ELISA: Their specificity and inter-relations in connective tissue disease sera
    • Maddison PJ, Skinner RP, Vlachoyiannopoulos P, Brennand DM, Hough D. Antibodies to nRNP, Sm, Ro(SSA) and La(SSB) detected by ELISA: their specificity and inter-relations in connective tissue disease sera. Clin Exp Immunol 1985 62 : 337 345.
    • (1985) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.62 , pp. 337-345
    • Maddison, P.J.1    Skinner, R.P.2    Vlachoyiannopoulos, P.3    Brennand, D.M.4    Hough, D.5
  • 44
    • 0028964070 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of recombinant Ro/SSA, La/SSB, Sm, and U1 RNP autoantigens in clinical diagnosis
    • Garcia Lerma JG, Mendoza AZ, Ramos MJ, Sequi J. Evaluation of recombinant Ro/SSA, La/SSB, Sm, and U1 RNP autoantigens in clinical diagnosis. J Clin Lab Anal 1995 9 : 52 58.
    • (1995) J Clin Lab Anal , vol.9 , pp. 52-58
    • Garcia Lerma, J.G.1    Mendoza, A.Z.2    Ramos, M.J.3    Sequi, J.4
  • 45
    • 10644291726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for immunologic laboratory testing in the rheumatic diseases: Anti-Sm and anti-RNP antibody tests
    • Benito-Garcia E, Schur PH, Lahita R. Guidelines for immunologic laboratory testing in the rheumatic diseases: anti-Sm and anti-RNP antibody tests. Arthritis Rheum 2004 51 : 1030 1044.
    • (2004) Arthritis Rheum , vol.51 , pp. 1030-1044
    • Benito-Garcia, E.1    Schur, P.H.2    Lahita, R.3
  • 46
    • 52949134036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical characteristics of patients with both anti-U1RNP and anti-centromere antibodies
    • Takada K, et al. Clinical characteristics of patients with both anti-U1RNP and anti-centromere antibodies. Scand J Rheumatol 2008 37 : 360 364.
    • (2008) Scand J Rheumatol , vol.37 , pp. 360-364
    • Takada, K.1
  • 47
    • 0025103287 scopus 로고
    • Expression of autoantibodies to recombinant (U1) RNP-associated 70K antigen in systemic lupus erythematosus
    • St Clair EW, et al. Expression of autoantibodies to recombinant (U1) RNP-associated 70K antigen in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1990 54 : 266 280.
    • (1990) Clin Immunol Immunopathol , vol.54 , pp. 266-280
    • St Clair, E.W.1
  • 48
    • 22244459489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal fluctuation of antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens in systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Faria AC, Barcellos KS, Andrade LE. Longitudinal fluctuation of antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2005 32 : 1267 1272.
    • (2005) J Rheumatol , vol.32 , pp. 1267-1272
    • Faria, A.C.1    Barcellos, K.S.2    Andrade, L.E.3
  • 49
    • 0020518923 scopus 로고
    • Antibodies against distinct nuclear matrix proteins are characteristic for mixed connective tissue disease
    • Habets WJ, et al. Antibodies against distinct nuclear matrix proteins are characteristic for mixed connective tissue disease. Clin Exp Immunol 1983 54 : 265 276.
    • (1983) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.54 , pp. 265-276
    • Habets, W.J.1
  • 50
    • 0025666859 scopus 로고
    • Anti-(U1) small nuclear RNA antibodies in anti-small nuclear ribonucleoprotein sera from patients with connective tissue diseases
    • van Venrooij WJ, Hoet R, Castrop J, Hageman B, Mattaj IW, van de Putte LB. Anti-(U1) small nuclear RNA antibodies in anti-small nuclear ribonucleoprotein sera from patients with connective tissue diseases. J Clin Invest 1990 86 : 2154 2160.
    • (1990) J Clin Invest , vol.86 , pp. 2154-2160
    • Van Venrooij, W.J.1    Hoet, R.2    Castrop, J.3    Hageman, B.4    Mattaj, I.W.5    Van De Putte, L.B.6
  • 52
    • 0037963650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical relevance of autoantibodies in scleroderma
    • Ho KT, Reveille JD. The clinical relevance of autoantibodies in scleroderma. Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5 : 80 93.
    • (2003) Arthritis Res Ther , vol.5 , pp. 80-93
    • Ho, K.T.1    Reveille, J.D.2
  • 53
    • 2942542550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibodies in scleroderma: Direct pathogenicity and phenotypic associations
    • Chung L, Utz PJ. Antibodies in scleroderma: direct pathogenicity and phenotypic associations. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2004 6 : 156 163.
    • (2004) Curr Rheumatol Rep , vol.6 , pp. 156-163
    • Chung, L.1    Utz, P.J.2
  • 54
    • 0036736449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory myositis associated with anti-U1-small nuclear ribonucleoprotein antibodies: A subset of myositis associated with a favourable outcome
    • Coppo P, Clauvel JP, Bengoufa D, Oksenhendler E, Lacroix C, Lassoued K. Inflammatory myositis associated with anti-U1-small nuclear ribonucleoprotein antibodies: a subset of myositis associated with a favourable outcome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2002 41 : 1040 1046.
    • (2002) Rheumatology (Oxford) , vol.41 , pp. 1040-1046
    • Coppo, P.1    Clauvel, J.P.2    Bengoufa, D.3    Oksenhendler, E.4    Lacroix, C.5    Lassoued, K.6
  • 55
    • 0035985642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SLE/myositis overlap: Are the manifestations of SLE different in overlap disease?
    • Dayal NA, Isenberg DA. SLE/myositis overlap: are the manifestations of SLE different in overlap disease? Lupus 2002 11 : 293 298.
    • (2002) Lupus , vol.11 , pp. 293-298
    • Dayal, N.A.1    Isenberg, D.A.2
  • 56
    • 0026668821 scopus 로고
    • A clinical, serological, and histopathological study of myositis patients with and without anti-RNP antibodies
    • Lundberg I, Nennesmo I, Hedfors E. A clinical, serological, and histopathological study of myositis patients with and without anti-RNP antibodies. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1992 22 : 127 138.
    • (1992) Semin Arthritis Rheum , vol.22 , pp. 127-138
    • Lundberg, I.1    Nennesmo, I.2    Hedfors, E.3
  • 57
    • 0142009533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of autoantibodies before the clinical onset of systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Arbuckle MR, et al. Development of autoantibodies before the clinical onset of systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med 2003 349 : 1526 1533.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.349 , pp. 1526-1533
    • Arbuckle, M.R.1
  • 58
    • 0025969313 scopus 로고
    • Autoantibodies to the URNP particles: Relationship to clinical diagnosis and nephritis
    • Reichlin M, Van Venrooij WJ. Autoantibodies to the URNP particles: relationship to clinical diagnosis and nephritis. Clin Exp Immunol 1991 83 : 286 290.
    • (1991) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.83 , pp. 286-290
    • Reichlin, M.1    Van Venrooij, W.J.2
  • 59
    • 0027456985 scopus 로고
    • The clinical significance of autoantibody profiles in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Thompson D, Juby A, Davis P. The clinical significance of autoantibody profiles in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 1993 2 : 15 19.
    • (1993) Lupus , vol.2 , pp. 15-19
    • Thompson, D.1    Juby, A.2    Davis, P.3
  • 60
    • 0033850903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoantibody recognition of distinctly modified forms of the U1-70-kd antigen is associated with different clinical disease manifestations
    • Greidinger EL, Casciola-Rosen L, Morris SM, Hoffman RW, Rosen A. Autoantibody recognition of distinctly modified forms of the U1-70-kd antigen is associated with different clinical disease manifestations. Arthritis Rheum 2000 43 : 881 888.
    • (2000) Arthritis Rheum , vol.43 , pp. 881-888
    • Greidinger, E.L.1    Casciola-Rosen, L.2    Morris, S.M.3    Hoffman, R.W.4    Rosen, A.5
  • 61
    • 34247578576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-ribonucleoprotein antibodies mediate enhanced lung injury following mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion in Rag-1(-/-) mice
    • Keith MP, et al. Anti-ribonucleoprotein antibodies mediate enhanced lung injury following mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion in Rag-1(-/-) mice. Autoimmunity 2007 40 : 208 216.
    • (2007) Autoimmunity , vol.40 , pp. 208-216
    • Keith, M.P.1
  • 62
    • 0023663088 scopus 로고
    • A human autoimmune protein associated with U1 RNA contains a region of homology that is cross-reactive with retroviral p30gag antigen
    • Query CC, Keene JD. A human autoimmune protein associated with U1 RNA contains a region of homology that is cross-reactive with retroviral p30gag antigen. Cell 1987 51 : 211 220.
    • (1987) Cell , vol.51 , pp. 211-220
    • Query, C.C.1    Keene, J.D.2
  • 63
    • 0023814672 scopus 로고
    • Epitope mapping with a recombinant human 68-kDa (U1) ribonucleoprotein antigen reveals heterogeneous autoantibody profiles in human autoimmune sera
    • Guldner HH, Netter HJ, Szostecki C, Lakomek HJ, Will H. Epitope mapping with a recombinant human 68-kDa (U1) ribonucleoprotein antigen reveals heterogeneous autoantibody profiles in human autoimmune sera. J Immunol 1988 141 : 469 475.
    • (1988) J Immunol , vol.141 , pp. 469-475
    • Guldner, H.H.1    Netter, H.J.2    Szostecki, C.3    Lakomek, H.J.4    Will, H.5
  • 64
    • 0024996223 scopus 로고
    • Mapping of multiple B cell epitopes on the 70-kilodalton autoantigen of the U1 ribonucleoprotein complex
    • Cram DS, Fisicaro N, Coppel RL, Whittingham S, Harrison LC. Mapping of multiple B cell epitopes on the 70-kilodalton autoantigen of the U1 ribonucleoprotein complex. J Immunol 1990 145 : 630 635.
    • (1990) J Immunol , vol.145 , pp. 630-635
    • Cram, D.S.1    Fisicaro, N.2    Coppel, R.L.3    Whittingham, S.4    Harrison, L.C.5
  • 65
    • 0025338123 scopus 로고
    • Major autoantigenic sites of the (U1) small nuclear ribonucleoprotein- specific 68-kDa protein
    • Netter HJ, Guldner HH, Szostecki C, Will H. Major autoantigenic sites of the (U1) small nuclear ribonucleoprotein-specific 68-kDa protein. Scand J Immunol 1990 32 : 163 176.
    • (1990) Scand J Immunol , vol.32 , pp. 163-176
    • Netter, H.J.1    Guldner, H.H.2    Szostecki, C.3    Will, H.4
  • 66
    • 0025340092 scopus 로고
    • Recombinant 70-kD protein used for determination of autoantigenic epitopes recognized by anti-RNP sera
    • Nyman U, Lundberg I, Hedfors E, Pettersson I. Recombinant 70-kD protein used for determination of autoantigenic epitopes recognized by anti-RNP sera. Clin Exp Immunol 1990 81 : 52 58.
    • (1990) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.81 , pp. 52-58
    • Nyman, U.1    Lundberg, I.2    Hedfors, E.3    Pettersson, I.4
  • 67
    • 0033838117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B and T cell immune response to small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles in lupus mice: Autoreactive CD4(+) T cells recognize a T cell epitope located within the RNP80 motif of the 70K protein
    • Monneaux F, Briand JP, Muller S. B and T cell immune response to small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles in lupus mice: autoreactive CD4(+) T cells recognize a T cell epitope located within the RNP80 motif of the 70K protein. Eur J Immunol 2000 30 : 2191 2200.
    • (2000) Eur J Immunol , vol.30 , pp. 2191-2200
    • Monneaux, F.1    Briand, J.P.2    Muller, S.3
  • 68
    • 0036594594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epitope spreading in systemic lupus erythematosus: Identification of triggering peptide sequences
    • Monneaux F, Muller S. Epitope spreading in systemic lupus erythematosus: identification of triggering peptide sequences. Arthritis Rheum 2002 46 : 1430 1438.
    • (2002) Arthritis Rheum , vol.46 , pp. 1430-1438
    • Monneaux, F.1    Muller, S.2
  • 69
    • 0025937937 scopus 로고
    • Mapping of epitopes on U1 snRNP polypeptide A with synthetic peptides and autoimmune sera
    • Barakat S, Briand JP, Abuaf N, van Regenmortel MH, Muller S. Mapping of epitopes on U1 snRNP polypeptide A with synthetic peptides and autoimmune sera. Clin Exp Immunol 1991 86 : 71 78.
    • (1991) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.86 , pp. 71-78
    • Barakat, S.1    Briand, J.P.2    Abuaf, N.3    Van Regenmortel, M.H.4    Muller, S.5
  • 70
    • 0030005013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human lupus anti-spliceosome A protein autoantibodies bind contiguous surface structures and segregate into two sequential epitope binding patterns
    • James JA, Harley JB. Human lupus anti-spliceosome A protein autoantibodies bind contiguous surface structures and segregate into two sequential epitope binding patterns. J Immunol 1996 156 : 4018 4026.
    • (1996) J Immunol , vol.156 , pp. 4018-4026
    • James, J.A.1    Harley, J.B.2
  • 71
    • 0030606272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of two different methods using overlapping synthetic peptides for localizing linear B cell epitopes in the U1 snRNP-C autoantigen
    • Halimi H, Dumortier H, Briand JP, Muller S. Comparison of two different methods using overlapping synthetic peptides for localizing linear B cell epitopes in the U1 snRNP-C autoantigen. J Immunol Methods 1996 199 : 77 85.
    • (1996) J Immunol Methods , vol.199 , pp. 77-85
    • Halimi, H.1    Dumortier, H.2    Briand, J.P.3    Muller, S.4
  • 72
    • 0027442904 scopus 로고
    • Purification and characterization of human autoantibodies directed to specific regions on U1RNA; Recognition of native U1RNP complexes
    • Hoet RM, Kastner B, Luhrmann R, van Venrooij WJ. Purification and characterization of human autoantibodies directed to specific regions on U1RNA; recognition of native U1RNP complexes. Nucleic Acids Res 1993 21 : 5130 5136.
    • (1993) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.21 , pp. 5130-5136
    • Hoet, R.M.1    Kastner, B.2    Luhrmann, R.3    Van Venrooij, W.J.4
  • 73
    • 0034963121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Key sequences involved in the spreading of the systemic autoimmune response to spliceosomal proteins
    • Monneaux F, Muller S. Key sequences involved in the spreading of the systemic autoimmune response to spliceosomal proteins. Scand J Immunol 2001 2 : 45 54.
    • (2001) Scand J Immunol , vol.2 , pp. 45-54
    • Monneaux, F.1    Muller, S.2
  • 74
    • 0034193191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MHC class II-bound self peptides from autoimmune MRL/lpr mice reveal potential T cell epitopes for autoantibody production in murine systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Freed JH, Marrs A, VanderWall J, Cohen PL, Eisenberg RA. MHC class II-bound self peptides from autoimmune MRL/lpr mice reveal potential T cell epitopes for autoantibody production in murine systemic lupus erythematosus. J Immunol 2000 164 : 4697 4705.
    • (2000) J Immunol , vol.164 , pp. 4697-4705
    • Freed, J.H.1    Marrs, A.2    Vanderwall, J.3    Cohen, P.L.4    Eisenberg, R.A.5
  • 75
    • 0025651814 scopus 로고
    • T-cell epitopes on the 70-kDa protein of the (U1)RNP complex in autoimmune rheumatologic disorders
    • O'Brien RM, Cram DS, Coppel RL, Harrison LC. T-cell epitopes on the 70-kDa protein of the (U1)RNP complex in autoimmune rheumatologic disorders. J Autoimmun 1990 3 : 747 757.
    • (1990) J Autoimmun , vol.3 , pp. 747-757
    • O'Brien, R.M.1    Cram, D.S.2    Coppel, R.L.3    Harrison, L.C.4
  • 76
    • 5644227423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intramolecular T cell spreading in unprimed MRL/lpr mice: Importance of the U1-70k protein sequence 131-151
    • Monneaux F, Parietti V, Briand JP, Muller S. Intramolecular T cell spreading in unprimed MRL/lpr mice: importance of the U1-70k protein sequence 131-151. Arthritis Rheum 2004 50 : 3232 3238.
    • (2004) Arthritis Rheum , vol.50 , pp. 3232-3238
    • Monneaux, F.1    Parietti, V.2    Briand, J.P.3    Muller, S.4
  • 77
    • 0034812564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Murine models of systemic lupus erythematosus: B and T cell responses to spliceosomal ribonucleoproteins in MRL/Fas(lpr) and (NZB × NZW)F(1) lupus mice
    • Monneaux F, Dumortier H, Steiner G, Briand JP, Muller S. Murine models of systemic lupus erythematosus: B and T cell responses to spliceosomal ribonucleoproteins in MRL/Fas(lpr) and (NZB × NZW)F(1) lupus mice. Int Immunol 2001 13 : 1155 1163.
    • (2001) Int Immunol , vol.13 , pp. 1155-1163
    • Monneaux, F.1    Dumortier, H.2    Steiner, G.3    Briand, J.P.4    Muller, S.5
  • 78
    • 18744385526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expanded T cells from pancreatic lymph nodes of type 1 diabetic subjects recognize an insulin epitope
    • Kent SC, et al. Expanded T cells from pancreatic lymph nodes of type 1 diabetic subjects recognize an insulin epitope. Nature 2005 435 : 224 228.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.435 , pp. 224-228
    • Kent, S.C.1
  • 79
    • 0027433523 scopus 로고
    • Human T-cell clones reactive against U-small nuclear ribonucleoprotein autoantigens from connective tissue disease patients and healthy individuals
    • Hoffman RW, et al. Human T-cell clones reactive against U-small nuclear ribonucleoprotein autoantigens from connective tissue disease patients and healthy individuals. J Immunol 1993 151 : 6460 6469.
    • (1993) J Immunol , vol.151 , pp. 6460-6469
    • Hoffman, R.W.1
  • 80
    • 0032904883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of T cell receptors specific for U1-70kD small nuclear ribonucleoprotein autoantigen: The alpha chain complementarity determining region three is highly conserved among connective tissue disease patients
    • Talken BL, Lee DR, Caldwell CW, Quinn TP, Schafermeyer KR, Hoffman RW. Analysis of T cell receptors specific for U1-70kD small nuclear ribonucleoprotein autoantigen: the alpha chain complementarity determining region three is highly conserved among connective tissue disease patients. Hum Immunol 1999 60 : 200 208.
    • (1999) Hum Immunol , vol.60 , pp. 200-208
    • Talken, B.L.1    Lee, D.R.2    Caldwell, C.W.3    Quinn, T.P.4    Schafermeyer, K.R.5    Hoffman, R.W.6
  • 81
    • 0034743506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural analysis of TCRalpha and beta chains from human T-Cell clones specific for small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptides Sm-D, Sm-B and U1-70 kDa: TCR complementarity determining region 3 usage appears highly conserved
    • Talken BL, Bailey CW, Reardon SL, Caldwell CW, Hoffman RW. Structural analysis of TCRalpha and beta chains from human T-Cell clones specific for small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptides Sm-D, Sm-B and U1-70 kDa: TCR complementarity determining region 3 usage appears highly conserved. Scand J Immunol 2001 2 : 204 210.
    • (2001) Scand J Immunol , vol.2 , pp. 204-210
    • Talken, B.L.1    Bailey, C.W.2    Reardon, S.L.3    Caldwell, C.W.4    Hoffman, R.W.5
  • 82
    • 0037105596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T cell immunity in connective tissue disease patients targets the RNA binding domain of the U1-70kDa small nuclear ribonucleoprotein
    • Greidinger EL, et al. T cell immunity in connective tissue disease patients targets the RNA binding domain of the U1-70kDa small nuclear ribonucleoprotein. J Immunol 2002 169 : 3429 3437.
    • (2002) J Immunol , vol.169 , pp. 3429-3437
    • Greidinger, E.L.1
  • 83
    • 0030924449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of human T cell and B cell responses against U small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 70-kd, B, and D polypeptides among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed connective tissue disease
    • Holyst MM, Hill DL, Hoch SO, Hoffman RW. Analysis of human T cell and B cell responses against U small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 70-kd, B, and D polypeptides among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed connective tissue disease. Arthritis Rheum 1997 40 : 1493 1503.
    • (1997) Arthritis Rheum , vol.40 , pp. 1493-1503
    • Holyst, M.M.1    Hill, D.L.2    Hoch, S.O.3    Hoffman, R.W.4
  • 84
    • 19544391247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of T-cell epitopes on U1A protein in MRL/lpr mice: Double-negative T cells are the major responsive cells
    • Yang MH, Suen JL, Li SL, Chiang BL. Identification of T-cell epitopes on U1A protein in MRL/lpr mice: double-negative T cells are the major responsive cells. Immunology 2005 115 : 279 286.
    • (2005) Immunology , vol.115 , pp. 279-286
    • Yang, M.H.1    Suen, J.L.2    Li, S.L.3    Chiang, B.L.4
  • 85
    • 0025875259 scopus 로고
    • Lpr and gld: Single gene models of systemic autoimmunity and lymphoproliferative disease
    • Cohen PL, Eisenberg RA. Lpr and gld: single gene models of systemic autoimmunity and lymphoproliferative disease. Annu Rev Immunol 1991 9 : 243 269.
    • (1991) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.9 , pp. 243-269
    • Cohen, P.L.1    Eisenberg, R.A.2
  • 86
    • 0036306501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo tolerance breakdown with dendritic cells pulsed with U1A protein in non-autoimmune mice: The induction of a high level of autoantibodies but not renal pathological changes
    • Suen JL, Chuang YH, Chiang BL. In vivo tolerance breakdown with dendritic cells pulsed with U1A protein in non-autoimmune mice: the induction of a high level of autoantibodies but not renal pathological changes. Immunology 2002 106 : 326 335.
    • (2002) Immunology , vol.106 , pp. 326-335
    • Suen, J.L.1    Chuang, Y.H.2    Chiang, B.L.3
  • 87
    • 0027179046 scopus 로고
    • Detection and epitope analysis of autoantigen-reactive T cells to the U1-small nuclear ribonucleoprotein A protein in autoimmune disease patients
    • Okubo M, et al. Detection and epitope analysis of autoantigen-reactive T cells to the U1-small nuclear ribonucleoprotein A protein in autoimmune disease patients. J Immunol 1993 151 : 1108 1115.
    • (1993) J Immunol , vol.151 , pp. 1108-1115
    • Okubo, M.1
  • 88
    • 50949132634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD4+ T cells target epitopes residing within the RNA-binding domain of the U1-70-kDa small nuclear ribonucleoprotein autoantigen and have restricted TCR diversity in an HLA-DR4-transgenic murine model of mixed connective tissue disease
    • Greidinger EL, Zang YJ, Jaimes K, Martinez L, Nassiri M, Hoffman RW. CD4+ T cells target epitopes residing within the RNA-binding domain of the U1-70-kDa small nuclear ribonucleoprotein autoantigen and have restricted TCR diversity in an HLA-DR4-transgenic murine model of mixed connective tissue disease. J Immunol 2008 180 : 8444 8454.
    • (2008) J Immunol , vol.180 , pp. 8444-8454
    • Greidinger, E.L.1    Zang, Y.J.2    Jaimes, K.3    Martinez, L.4    Nassiri, M.5    Hoffman, R.W.6
  • 89
    • 36849014916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of spliceosomal RNP1 motif for intermolecular T-B cell spreading and tolerance restoration in lupus
    • Monneaux F, Parietti V, Briand JP, Muller S. Importance of spliceosomal RNP1 motif for intermolecular T-B cell spreading and tolerance restoration in lupus. Arthritis Res Ther 2007 9 : R111.
    • (2007) Arthritis Res Ther , vol.9 , pp. 111
    • Monneaux, F.1    Parietti, V.2    Briand, J.P.3    Muller, S.4
  • 90
    • 0021956416 scopus 로고
    • Antigen-specific interaction between T and B cells
    • Lanzavecchia A. Antigen-specific interaction between T and B cells. Nature 1985 314 : 537 539.
    • (1985) Nature , vol.314 , pp. 537-539
    • Lanzavecchia, A.1
  • 91
    • 0028204119 scopus 로고
    • B cells process and present lupus autoantigens that initiate autoimmune T cell responses
    • Mamula MJ, Fatenejad S, Craft J. B cells process and present lupus autoantigens that initiate autoimmune T cell responses. J Immunol 1994 152 : 1453 1461.
    • (1994) J Immunol , vol.152 , pp. 1453-1461
    • Mamula, M.J.1    Fatenejad, S.2    Craft, J.3
  • 92
    • 0031092710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha beta T cell regulation and CD40 ligand dependence in murine systemic autoimmunity
    • Peng SL, et al. alpha beta T cell regulation and CD40 ligand dependence in murine systemic autoimmunity. J Immunol 1997 158 : 2464 2470.
    • (1997) J Immunol , vol.158 , pp. 2464-2470
    • Peng, S.L.1
  • 93
    • 59649098269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue targeting of anti-RNP autoimmunity: Effects of T cells and myeloid dendritic cells in a murine model
    • Greidinger EL, et al. Tissue targeting of anti-RNP autoimmunity: effects of T cells and myeloid dendritic cells in a murine model. Arthritis Rheum 2009 60 : 534 542.
    • (2009) Arthritis Rheum , vol.60 , pp. 534-542
    • Greidinger, E.L.1
  • 94
    • 3142677194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human T-cell clones specific for heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2 autoantigen from connective tissue disease patients assist in autoantibody production
    • Greidinger EL, Gazitt T, Jaimes KF, Hoffman RW. Human T-cell clones specific for heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2 autoantigen from connective tissue disease patients assist in autoantibody production. Arthritis Rheum 2004 50 : 2216 2222.
    • (2004) Arthritis Rheum , vol.50 , pp. 2216-2222
    • Greidinger, E.L.1    Gazitt, T.2    Jaimes, K.F.3    Hoffman, R.W.4
  • 95
    • 0031112357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoreactive T-cell clones from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus support polyclonal autoantibody production
    • Takeno M, et al. Autoreactive T-cell clones from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus support polyclonal autoantibody production. J Immunol 1997 158 : 3529 3538.
    • (1997) J Immunol , vol.158 , pp. 3529-3538
    • Takeno, M.1
  • 96
    • 0031784721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epitope spreading: The role of self peptides and autoantigen processing by B lymphocytes
    • Mamula MJ. Epitope spreading: the role of self peptides and autoantigen processing by B lymphocytes. Immunol Rev 1998 164 : 231 239.
    • (1998) Immunol Rev , vol.164 , pp. 231-239
    • Mamula, M.J.1
  • 97
    • 0031784720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B-cell epitope spreading in autoimmunity
    • James JA, Harley JB. B-cell epitope spreading in autoimmunity. Immunol Rev 1998 164 : 185 200.
    • (1998) Immunol Rev , vol.164 , pp. 185-200
    • James, J.A.1    Harley, J.B.2
  • 98
    • 26044477194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epitope spreading within lupus-associated ribonucleoprotein antigens
    • Deshmukh US, Bagavant H, Lewis J, Gaskin F, Fu SM. Epitope spreading within lupus-associated ribonucleoprotein antigens. Clin Immunol. 2005 117 : 112 120.
    • (2005) Clin Immunol. , vol.117 , pp. 112-120
    • Deshmukh, U.S.1    Bagavant, H.2    Lewis, J.3    Gaskin, F.4    Fu, S.M.5
  • 99
    • 0027142993 scopus 로고
    • Role of intermolecular/intrastructural B- and T-cell determinants in the diversification of autoantibodies to ribonucleoprotein particles
    • Fatenejad S, Mamula MJ, Craft J. Role of intermolecular/intrastructural B- and T-cell determinants in the diversification of autoantibodies to ribonucleoprotein particles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993 90 : 12010 12014.
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.90 , pp. 12010-12014
    • Fatenejad, S.1    Mamula, M.J.2    Craft, J.3
  • 100
    • 0037094031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune responses to small nuclear ribonucleoproteins: Antigen-dependent distinct B cell epitope spreading patterns in mice immunized with recombinant polypeptides of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins
    • Deshmukh US, Kannapell CC, Fu SM. Immune responses to small nuclear ribonucleoproteins: antigen-dependent distinct B cell epitope spreading patterns in mice immunized with recombinant polypeptides of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins. J Immunol 2002 168 : 5326 5332.
    • (2002) J Immunol , vol.168 , pp. 5326-5332
    • Deshmukh, U.S.1    Kannapell, C.C.2    Fu, S.M.3
  • 101
    • 0028302604 scopus 로고
    • Pattern of anti-small nuclear ribonucleoprotein antibodies in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice suggests that the intact U1 snRNP particle is their autoimmunogenic target
    • Fatenejad S, Brooks W, Schwartz A, Craft J. Pattern of anti-small nuclear ribonucleoprotein antibodies in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice suggests that the intact U1 snRNP particle is their autoimmunogenic target. J Immunol 1994 152 : 5523 5531.
    • (1994) J Immunol , vol.152 , pp. 5523-5531
    • Fatenejad, S.1    Brooks, W.2    Schwartz, A.3    Craft, J.4
  • 102
    • 0035096401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The appearance of U1 RNP antibody specificities in sequential autoimmune human antisera follows a characteristic order that implicates the U1-70 kd and B'/B proteins as predominant U1 RNP immunogens
    • Greidinger EL, Hoffman RW. The appearance of U1 RNP antibody specificities in sequential autoimmune human antisera follows a characteristic order that implicates the U1-70 kd and B'/B proteins as predominant U1 RNP immunogens. Arthritis Rheum 2001 44 : 368 375.
    • (2001) Arthritis Rheum , vol.44 , pp. 368-375
    • Greidinger, E.L.1    Hoffman, R.W.2
  • 103
    • 0031863698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posttranslational protein modifications, apoptosis, and the bypass of tolerance to autoantigens
    • Utz PJ, Anderson P. Posttranslational protein modifications, apoptosis, and the bypass of tolerance to autoantigens. Arthritis Rheum 1998 41 : 1152 1160.
    • (1998) Arthritis Rheum , vol.41 , pp. 1152-1160
    • Utz, P.J.1    Anderson, P.2
  • 104
    • 0034469907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death, autoantigen modifications, and tolerance
    • Utz PJ, Gensler TJ, Anderson P. Death, autoantigen modifications, and tolerance. Arthritis Res 2000 2 : 101 114.
    • (2000) Arthritis Res , vol.2 , pp. 101-114
    • Utz, P.J.1    Gensler, T.J.2    Anderson, P.3
  • 105
    • 27344447126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sources of autoantigens in systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Graham KL, Utz PJ. Sources of autoantigens in systemic lupus erythematosus. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2005 17 : 513 517.
    • (2005) Curr Opin Rheumatol , vol.17 , pp. 513-517
    • Graham, K.L.1    Utz, P.J.2
  • 106
    • 0028288510 scopus 로고
    • Autoantigens targeted in systemic lupus erythematosus are clustered in two populations of surface structures on apoptotic keratinocytes
    • Casciola-Rosen LA, Anhalt G, Rosen A. Autoantigens targeted in systemic lupus erythematosus are clustered in two populations of surface structures on apoptotic keratinocytes. J Exp Med 1994 179 : 1317 1330.
    • (1994) J Exp Med , vol.179 , pp. 1317-1330
    • Casciola-Rosen, L.A.1    Anhalt, G.2    Rosen, A.3
  • 107
    • 40949110876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis-linked changes in the phosphorylation status and subcellular localization of the spliceosomal autoantigen U1-70K
    • Dieker J, et al. Apoptosis-linked changes in the phosphorylation status and subcellular localization of the spliceosomal autoantigen U1-70K. Cell Death Differ 2008 15 : 793 804.
    • (2008) Cell Death Differ , vol.15 , pp. 793-804
    • Dieker, J.1
  • 108
    • 0030891492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteins phosphorylated during stress-induced apoptosis are common targets for autoantibody production in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Utz PJ, Hottelet M, Schur PH, Anderson P. Proteins phosphorylated during stress-induced apoptosis are common targets for autoantibody production in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Exp Med 1997 185 : 843 854.
    • (1997) J Exp Med , vol.185 , pp. 843-854
    • Utz, P.J.1    Hottelet, M.2    Schur, P.H.3    Anderson, P.4
  • 109
    • 0027999537 scopus 로고
    • Specific cleavage of the 70-kDa protein component of the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein is a characteristic biochemical feature of apoptotic cell death
    • Casciola-Rosen LA, Miller DK, Anhalt GJ, Rosen A. Specific cleavage of the 70-kDa protein component of the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein is a characteristic biochemical feature of apoptotic cell death. J Biol Chem 1994 269 : 30757 30760.
    • (1994) J Biol Chem , vol.269 , pp. 30757-30760
    • Casciola-Rosen, L.A.1    Miller, D.K.2    Anhalt, G.J.3    Rosen, A.4
  • 110
    • 0029890823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apopain/CPP32 cleaves proteins that are essential for cellular repair: A fundamental principle of apoptotic death
    • Casciola-Rosen L, et al. Apopain/CPP32 cleaves proteins that are essential for cellular repair: a fundamental principle of apoptotic death. J Exp Med 1996 183 : 1957 1964.
    • (1996) J Exp Med , vol.183 , pp. 1957-1964
    • Casciola-Rosen, L.1
  • 111
    • 0034098897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fate of U1 snRNP during anti-Fas induced apoptosis: Specific cleavage of the U1 snRNA molecule
    • Degen WG, Aarssen Y, Pruijn GJ, Utz PJ, van Venrooij WJ. The fate of U1 snRNP during anti-Fas induced apoptosis: specific cleavage of the U1 snRNA molecule. Cell Death Differ 2000 7 : 70 79.
    • (2000) Cell Death Differ , vol.7 , pp. 70-79
    • Degen, W.G.1    Aarssen, Y.2    Pruijn, G.J.3    Utz, P.J.4    Van Venrooij, W.J.5
  • 112
    • 17244382409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of novel covalent RNA-protein complexes in cells by ultraviolet B irradiation: Implications for autoimmunity
    • Andrade F, Casciola-Rosen LA, Rosen A. Generation of novel covalent RNA-protein complexes in cells by ultraviolet B irradiation: implications for autoimmunity. Arthritis Rheum 2005 52 : 1160 1170.
    • (2005) Arthritis Rheum , vol.52 , pp. 1160-1170
    • Andrade, F.1    Casciola-Rosen, L.A.2    Rosen, A.3
  • 113
    • 30844434306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photosensitivity in lupus erythematosus
    • Kuhn A, Beissert S. Photosensitivity in lupus erythematosus. Autoimmunity. 2005 38 : 519 529.
    • (2005) Autoimmunity. , vol.38 , pp. 519-529
    • Kuhn, A.1    Beissert, S.2
  • 115
    • 0036090284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptotic U1-70 kd is antigenically distinct from the intact form of the U1-70-kd molecule
    • Greidinger EL, Foecking MF, Ranatunga S, Hoffman RW. Apoptotic U1-70 kd is antigenically distinct from the intact form of the U1-70-kd molecule. Arthritis Rheum 2002 46 : 1264 1269.
    • (2002) Arthritis Rheum , vol.46 , pp. 1264-1269
    • Greidinger, E.L.1    Foecking, M.F.2    Ranatunga, S.3    Hoffman, R.W.4
  • 116
    • 23144456671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoantibodies specific for apoptotic U1-70K are superior serological markers for mixed connective tissue disease
    • Hof D, et al. Autoantibodies specific for apoptotic U1-70K are superior serological markers for mixed connective tissue disease. Arthritis Res Ther 2005 7 : R302 R309.
    • (2005) Arthritis Res Ther , vol.7
    • Hof, D.1
  • 117
    • 4043079297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis in systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Kaplan MJ. Apoptosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 2004 112 : 210 218.
    • (2004) Clin Immunol , vol.112 , pp. 210-218
    • Kaplan, M.J.1
  • 118
    • 0028330345 scopus 로고
    • Accelerated in vitro apoptosis of lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Emlen W, Niebur J, Kadera R. Accelerated in vitro apoptosis of lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Immunol 1994 152 : 3685 3692.
    • (1994) J Immunol , vol.152 , pp. 3685-3692
    • Emlen, W.1    Niebur, J.2    Kadera, R.3
  • 119
    • 0031884870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High levels of circulating early apoptic peripheral blood mononuclear cells in systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Perniok A, Wedekind F, Herrmann M, Specker C, Schneider M. High levels of circulating early apoptic peripheral blood mononuclear cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 1998 7 : 113 118.
    • (1998) Lupus , vol.7 , pp. 113-118
    • Perniok, A.1    Wedekind, F.2    Herrmann, M.3    Specker, C.4    Schneider, M.5
  • 120
    • 33750369226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptors in systemic autoimmune disease
    • Marshak-Rothstein A. Toll-like receptors in systemic autoimmune disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2006 6 : 823 835.
    • (2006) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.6 , pp. 823-835
    • Marshak-Rothstein, A.1
  • 121
    • 34247891509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunologically active autoantigens: The role of toll-like receptors in the development of chronic inflammatory disease
    • Marshak-Rothstein A, Rifkin IR. Immunologically active autoantigens: the role of toll-like receptors in the development of chronic inflammatory disease. Annu Rev Immunol 2007 25 : 419 441.
    • (2007) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.25 , pp. 419-441
    • Marshak-Rothstein, A.1    Rifkin, I.R.2
  • 122
    • 1542317550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innate Antiviral Responses by Means of TLR7-Mediated Recognition of Single-Stranded RNA
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1093616
    • Diebold SS, Kaisho T, Hemmi H, Akira S, Reis e Sousa C. Innate antiviral responses by means of TLR7-mediated recognition of single-stranded RNA. Science 2004 303 : 1529 1531. (Pubitemid 38314425)
    • (2004) Science , vol.303 , Issue.5663 , pp. 1529-1531
    • Diebold, S.S.1    Kaisho, T.2    Hemmi, H.3    Akira, S.4    Reis E Sousa, C.5
  • 125
    • 27744444832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RNA-associated autoantigens activate B cells by combined B cell antigen receptor/Toll-like receptor 7 engagement
    • Lau CM, et al. RNA-associated autoantigens activate B cells by combined B cell antigen receptor/Toll-like receptor 7 engagement. J Exp Med 2005 202 : 1171 1177.
    • (2005) J Exp Med , vol.202 , pp. 1171-1177
    • Lau, C.M.1
  • 127
    • 0037451167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon and granulopoiesis signatures in systemic lupus erythematosus blood
    • Bennett L, et al. Interferon and granulopoiesis signatures in systemic lupus erythematosus blood. J Exp Med 2003 197 : 711 723.
    • (2003) J Exp Med , vol.197 , pp. 711-723
    • Bennett, L.1
  • 128
    • 54049102860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of elevated transcript levels of interferon-inducible chemokines with disease activity and organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
    • Fu Q, et al. Association of elevated transcript levels of interferon-inducible chemokines with disease activity and organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Arthritis Res Ther 2008 10 : R112.
    • (2008) Arthritis Res Ther , vol.10 , pp. 112
    • Fu, Q.1
  • 129
    • 18644384042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the interferon-alpha pathway identifies a subgroup of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with distinct serologic features and active disease
    • Kirou KA, Lee C, George S, Louca K, Peterson MG, Crow MK. Activation of the interferon-alpha pathway identifies a subgroup of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with distinct serologic features and active disease. Arthritis Rheum 2005 52 : 1491 1503.
    • (2005) Arthritis Rheum , vol.52 , pp. 1491-1503
    • Kirou, K.A.1    Lee, C.2    George, S.3    Louca, K.4    Peterson, M.G.5    Crow, M.K.6
  • 130
    • 29344469337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of anti-nucleoprotein autoantibodies with upregulation of Type i interferon-inducible gene transcripts and dendritic cell maturation in systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Zhuang H, et al. Association of anti-nucleoprotein autoantibodies with upregulation of Type I interferon-inducible gene transcripts and dendritic cell maturation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 2005 117 : 238 250.
    • (2005) Clin Immunol , vol.117 , pp. 238-250
    • Zhuang, H.1
  • 131
    • 33745034931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional assay of type i interferon in systemic lupus erythematosus plasma and association with anti-RNA binding protein autoantibodies
    • Hua J, Kirou K, Lee C, Crow MK. Functional assay of type I interferon in systemic lupus erythematosus plasma and association with anti-RNA binding protein autoantibodies. Arthritis Rheum 2006 54 : 1906 1916.
    • (2006) Arthritis Rheum , vol.54 , pp. 1906-1916
    • Hua, J.1    Kirou, K.2    Lee, C.3    Crow, M.K.4
  • 132
    • 33748472865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 7 and TLR9 dictate autoantibody specificity and have opposing inflammatory and regulatory roles in a murine model of lupus
    • Christensen SR, Shupe J, Nickerson K, Kashgarian M, Flavell RA, Shlomchik MJ. Toll-like receptor 7 and TLR9 dictate autoantibody specificity and have opposing inflammatory and regulatory roles in a murine model of lupus. Immunity 2006 25 : 417 428.
    • (2006) Immunity , vol.25 , pp. 417-428
    • Christensen, S.R.1    Shupe, J.2    Nickerson, K.3    Kashgarian, M.4    Flavell, R.A.5    Shlomchik, M.J.6
  • 133
    • 33747811129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new two-color Fab labeling method for autoantigen protein microarrays
    • Kattah MG, Alemi GR, Thibault DL, Balboni I, Utz PJ. A new two-color Fab labeling method for autoantigen protein microarrays. Nat Methods 2006 3 : 745 751.
    • (2006) Nat Methods , vol.3 , pp. 745-751
    • Kattah, M.G.1    Alemi, G.R.2    Thibault, D.L.3    Balboni, I.4    Utz, P.J.5
  • 134
    • 41849090456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IRF9 and STAT1 are required for IgG autoantibody production and B cell expression of TLR7 in mice
    • Thibault DL, et al. IRF9 and STAT1 are required for IgG autoantibody production and B cell expression of TLR7 in mice. J Clin Invest 2008 118 : 1417 1426.
    • (2008) J Clin Invest , vol.118 , pp. 1417-1426
    • Thibault, D.L.1
  • 135
    • 36049046634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deficiency of the type i interferon receptor protects mice from experimental lupus
    • Nacionales DC, et al. Deficiency of the type I interferon receptor protects mice from experimental lupus. Arthritis Rheum 2007 56 : 3770 3783.
    • (2007) Arthritis Rheum , vol.56 , pp. 3770-3783
    • Nacionales, D.C.1
  • 136
    • 68849105323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type i IFN receptor controls B cell expression of nucleic acid sensing toll-like receptors and autoantibody production in a murine model of lupus
    • Thibault DL, Graham KL, Lee LY, Balboni I, Hertzog PJ, Utz PJ. Type I IFN receptor controls B cell expression of nucleic acid sensing toll-like receptors and autoantibody production in a murine model of lupus. Arthritis Res Ther 2009 11 : R112.
    • (2009) Arthritis Res Ther , vol.11 , pp. 112
    • Thibault, D.L.1    Graham, K.L.2    Lee, L.Y.3    Balboni, I.4    Hertzog, P.J.5    Utz, P.J.6
  • 137
    • 35348885047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo adjuvant activity of the RNA component of the Sm/RNP lupus autoantigen
    • Kelly-Scumpia KM, et al. In vivo adjuvant activity of the RNA component of the Sm/RNP lupus autoantigen. Arthritis Rheum 2007 56 : 3379 3386.
    • (2007) Arthritis Rheum , vol.56 , pp. 3379-3386
    • Kelly-Scumpia, K.M.1
  • 138
    • 33745030751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of interferon-alpha by immune complexes or liposomes containing systemic lupus erythematosus autoantigen- and Sjogren's syndrome autoantigen-associated RNA
    • Lovgren T, Eloranta ML, Kastner B, Wahren-Herlenius M, Alm GV, Ronnblom L. Induction of interferon-alpha by immune complexes or liposomes containing systemic lupus erythematosus autoantigen- and Sjogren's syndrome autoantigen-associated RNA. Arthritis Rheum 2006 54 : 1917 1927.
    • (2006) Arthritis Rheum , vol.54 , pp. 1917-1927
    • Lovgren, T.1    Eloranta, M.L.2    Kastner, B.3    Wahren-Herlenius, M.4    Alm, G.V.5    Ronnblom, L.6
  • 139
    • 4444276206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U1 RNA induces innate immunity signaling
    • Hoffman RW, et al. U1 RNA induces innate immunity signaling. Arthritis Rheum 2004 50 : 2891 2896.
    • (2004) Arthritis Rheum , vol.50 , pp. 2891-2896
    • Hoffman, R.W.1
  • 140
    • 32444435325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A murine model of mixed connective tissue disease induced with U1 small nuclear RNP autoantigen
    • Greidinger EL, et al. A murine model of mixed connective tissue disease induced with U1 small nuclear RNP autoantigen. Arthritis Rheum 2006 54 : 661 669.
    • (2006) Arthritis Rheum , vol.54 , pp. 661-669
    • Greidinger, E.L.1
  • 141
    • 48749085121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T cell-independent and toll-like receptor-dependent antigen-driven activation of autoreactive B cells
    • Herlands RA, Christensen SR, Sweet RA, Hershberg U, Shlomchik MJ. T cell-independent and toll-like receptor-dependent antigen-driven activation of autoreactive B cells. Immunity 2008 29 : 249 260.
    • (2008) Immunity , vol.29 , pp. 249-260
    • Herlands, R.A.1    Christensen, S.R.2    Sweet, R.A.3    Hershberg, U.4    Shlomchik, M.J.5
  • 142
    • 18344369175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of T helper and T regulatory cells on the regulation of anti-double-stranded DNA B cells
    • Seo SJ, et al. The impact of T helper and T regulatory cells on the regulation of anti-double-stranded DNA B cells. Immunity 2002 16 : 535 546.
    • (2002) Immunity , vol.16 , pp. 535-546
    • Seo, S.J.1
  • 143
    • 37849035658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sites and stages of autoreactive B cell activation and regulation
    • Shlomchik MJ. Sites and stages of autoreactive B cell activation and regulation. Immunity 2008 28 : 18 28.
    • (2008) Immunity , vol.28 , pp. 18-28
    • Shlomchik, M.J.1
  • 144
    • 0345701527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T cell recognition and therapeutic effect of a phosphorylated synthetic peptide of the 70K snRNP protein administered in MR/lpr mice
    • Monneaux F, Lozano JM, Patarroyo ME, Briand JP, Muller S. T cell recognition and therapeutic effect of a phosphorylated synthetic peptide of the 70K snRNP protein administered in MR/lpr mice. Eur J Immunol 2003 33 : 287 296.
    • (2003) Eur J Immunol , vol.33 , pp. 287-296
    • Monneaux, F.1    Lozano, J.M.2    Patarroyo, M.E.3    Briand, J.P.4    Muller, S.5
  • 145
    • 65449168745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spliceosomal phosphopeptide P140 controls the lupus disease by interacting with the HSC70 protein and via a mechanism mediated by gammadelta T cells
    • Page N, et al. The spliceosomal phosphopeptide P140 controls the lupus disease by interacting with the HSC70 protein and via a mechanism mediated by gammadelta T cells. PLoS ONE 2009 4 : e5273.
    • (2009) PLoS ONE , vol.4 , pp. 5273
    • Page, N.1
  • 146
    • 27144519105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective modulation of CD4+ T cells from lupus patients by a promiscuous, protective peptide analog
    • Monneaux F, et al. Selective modulation of CD4+ T cells from lupus patients by a promiscuous, protective peptide analog. J Immunol 2005 175 : 5839 5847.
    • (2005) J Immunol , vol.175 , pp. 5839-5847
    • Monneaux, F.1
  • 147
    • 57349101501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spliceosomal peptide P140 for immunotherapy of systemic lupus erythematosus: Results of an early phase II clinical trial
    • Muller S, et al. Spliceosomal peptide P140 for immunotherapy of systemic lupus erythematosus: results of an early phase II clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum 2008 58 : 3873 3883.
    • (2008) Arthritis Rheum , vol.58 , pp. 3873-3883
    • Muller, S.1
  • 148
    • 6344268942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous injection of a D1 protein of the Smith proteins postpones murine lupus and induces type 1 regulatory T cells
    • Riemekasten G, et al. Intravenous injection of a D1 protein of the Smith proteins postpones murine lupus and induces type 1 regulatory T cells. J Immunol 2004 173 : 5835 5842.
    • (2004) J Immunol , vol.173 , pp. 5835-5842
    • Riemekasten, G.1
  • 150
    • 67649610665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous detection of many T-cell specificities using combinatorial tetramer staining
    • Newell EW, Klein LO, Yu W, Davis MM. Simultaneous detection of many T-cell specificities using combinatorial tetramer staining. Nat Methods 2009 6 : 497 499.
    • (2009) Nat Methods , vol.6 , pp. 497-499
    • Newell, E.W.1    Klein, L.O.2    Yu, W.3    Davis, M.M.4
  • 151
    • 0033847231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A microarray enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for autoimmune diagnostics
    • Joos T, et al. A microarray enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for autoimmune diagnostics. Electrophoresis 2000 21 : 2641 2650.
    • (2000) Electrophoresis , vol.21 , pp. 2641-2650
    • Joos, T.1
  • 152
    • 18344385481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoantigen microarrays for multiplex characterization of autoantibody responses
    • Robinson W, et al. Autoantigen microarrays for multiplex characterization of autoantibody responses. Nature Med. 2001 8 : 295 301.
    • (2001) Nature Med. , vol.8 , pp. 295-301
    • Robinson, W.1
  • 154
    • 33745484623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The challenge of analyzing the proteome in humans with autoimmune diseases
    • Chan SM, Utz PJ. The challenge of analyzing the proteome in humans with autoimmune diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2005 1062 : 61 68.
    • (2005) Ann N y Acad Sci , vol.1062 , pp. 61-68
    • Chan, S.M.1    Utz, P.J.2
  • 155
    • 52649112204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of microarray surfaces and arraying parameters for autoantibody profiling
    • Balboni I, Limb C, Tenenbaum JD, Utz PJ. Evaluation of microarray surfaces and arraying parameters for autoantibody profiling. Proteomics 2008 8 : 3443 3449.
    • (2008) Proteomics , vol.8 , pp. 3443-3449
    • Balboni, I.1    Limb, C.2    Tenenbaum, J.D.3    Utz, P.J.4
  • 156
    • 33751074410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoantigen arrays for multiplex analysis of antibody isotypes
    • Graham KL, Vaysberg M, Kuo A, Utz PJ. Autoantigen arrays for multiplex analysis of antibody isotypes. Proteomics 2006 6 : 5720 5724.
    • (2006) Proteomics , vol.6 , pp. 5720-5724
    • Graham, K.L.1    Vaysberg, M.2    Kuo, A.3    Utz, P.J.4
  • 157
    • 0242332149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the new multiplexed immunoassay, FIDIS, for simultaneous quantitative determination of antinuclear antibodies and comparison with conventional methods
    • Rouquette AM, Desgruelles C, Laroche P. Evaluation of the new multiplexed immunoassay, FIDIS, for simultaneous quantitative determination of antinuclear antibodies and comparison with conventional methods. Am J Clin Pathol 2003 120 : 676 681.
    • (2003) Am J Clin Pathol , vol.120 , pp. 676-681
    • Rouquette, A.M.1    Desgruelles, C.2    Laroche, P.3
  • 159
    • 11144319404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development, validation, and implementation of a multiplex immunoassay for the simultaneous determination of five cytokines in human serum
    • Ray CA, et al. Development, validation, and implementation of a multiplex immunoassay for the simultaneous determination of five cytokines in human serum. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005 36 : 1037 1044.
    • (2005) J Pharm Biomed Anal , vol.36 , pp. 1037-1044
    • Ray, C.A.1
  • 160
    • 61649090053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early targets of nuclear RNP humoral autoimmunity in human systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Poole BD, et al. Early targets of nuclear RNP humoral autoimmunity in human systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 2009 60 : 848 859.
    • (2009) Arthritis Rheum , vol.60 , pp. 848-859
    • Poole, B.D.1
  • 161
    • 0025826182 scopus 로고
    • Antigenic domains on the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein-associated 70K polypeptide: A comparison of regions selectively recognized by human and mouse autoantibodies and by monoclonal antibodies
    • Takeda Y, et al. Antigenic domains on the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein-associated 70K polypeptide: a comparison of regions selectively recognized by human and mouse autoantibodies and by monoclonal antibodies. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1991 61 : 55 68.
    • (1991) Clin Immunol Immunopathol , vol.61 , pp. 55-68
    • Takeda, Y.1
  • 163
    • 0028307063 scopus 로고
    • Basic amino acids predominate in the sequential autoantigenic determinants of the small nuclear 70K ribonucleoprotein
    • James JA, Scofield RH, Harley JB. Basic amino acids predominate in the sequential autoantigenic determinants of the small nuclear 70K ribonucleoprotein. Scand J Immunol 1994 39 : 557 566.
    • (1994) Scand J Immunol , vol.39 , pp. 557-566
    • James, J.A.1    Scofield, R.H.2    Harley, J.B.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.