Quality control of herbal material and phytopharmaceuticals with MS and NMR based metabolic fingerprinting

Planta Medica

Volumn 75, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 763-775

  Van Der Kooy, Frank ^a   Maltese, Federica ^a   Young, Hae Choi ^a   Hye, Kyong Kim ^a   Verpoorte, Robert ^a  

^a LEIDEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Herbal plant preparations; Medicinal plants; Metabolic fingerprinting; MS; NMR

Indexed keywords

ALKALOID; ARTEMISININ; HERBACEOUS AGENT; HYPERICUM PERFORATUM EXTRACT; KAVA; PLANT EXTRACT; PLANT MEDICINAL PRODUCT; TANACETUM PARTHENIUM EXTRACT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VACCINIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM EXTRACT;

CHINESE MEDICINE; DRUG ANALYSIS; DRUG ISOLATION; DRUG STRUCTURE; ELECTROSPRAY; HETERONUCLEAR MULTIPLE QUANTUM COHERENCE; HETERONUCLEAR SINGLE QUANTUM COHERENCE; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; HYPERICUM PERFORATUM; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MEDICINAL PLANT; METABOLOMICS; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; PROTON NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; QUALITY CONTROL; REVIEW; SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION; VACCINIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; METHODOLOGY; STANDARD;

CHROMATOGRAPHY, LIQUID; DRUGS, CHINESE HERBAL; MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; METABOLOMICS; PLANT PREPARATIONS; PLANTS, MEDICINAL; QUALITY CONTROL;

EID: 68349097617     PISSN: 00320943     EISSN: 14390221     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1185450     Document Type: Review

References (133)

1. Klayman DL. Qinghaosu (artemisinin): an antimalarial drug from China. Science 1985; 228: 1049-1055
2. Small E. Cannabis as a source of medicinals, nutraceuticals, and functional foods. In: Acharya SN, Thomas JE, editors. Advances in medicinal plant research. Kerala: Research Signpost; 2007: 1-39
3. Villas-Boas SG, Rasmussen S, Lane GA. Metabolomics or metabolite profiles? Trends Biotechnol 2005; 23: 385-386
4. Goodacre R, Vaidyanathan S, Dunn WB, Harrigan GG, Kell DB. Metabolomics by numbers: acquiring and understanding global metabolite data. Trends Biotechnol 2004; 22: 245-252 (Pubitemid 38515742)
5. Daviss B. Growing pains for metabolomics. Scientist 2005; 19: 25-28
6. Kubeczka K.-H, Formácek V. Essential oils: analysis by capillary gas chromatography and carbon 13-NMR spectroscopy. London: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.; 1980
7. Schripsema J, Verpoorte R. Investigation of extracts of plant cell cultures by proton nuclear magnetic resonances spectroscopy. Phytochem Anal 1991; 2: 155-162
8. Reily MD, Lindon JC. NMR spectroscopy: principles and instrumentation. In: Robertson DG, Lindon J, Nicholson JK, Holmes E, editors. Metabonomics in toxicity assessment. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2005: 75-104
9. Seger C, Sturm S. Analytical aspects of plant metabolic profiling platforms: current standings and future aims. J Proteome Res 2007; 6: 480-497 (Pubitemid 46340152)
10. Choi YH, Kim HK, Verpoorte R. Metabolomics. In: Kayser O, Quax W, editors. Medicinal plant biotechnology from basic research to industrial applications. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH; 2006: 9-28
11. 1H NMR: development and potential of a method for natural products analysis. J Nat Prod 2005; 68: 133-149
12. Verpoorte R, Choi YH, Kim HK. NMR-based metabolomics at work in phytochemistry. Phytochem Rev 2007; 6: 3-14
13. Breitling R, Ritchie S, Goodenowe D, Stewart ML, Barrett MP. Ab initio prediction of metabolic networks using Fourier transform mass spectrometry data. Metabolomics 2006; 2: 155-164 (Pubitemid 44473574)
14. Jaki BU, Franzblau SG, Cho SH, Pauli GF. Development of an extraction method for mycobacterial metabolome analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 41: 196-200
15. 1H NMR spectroscopy and principal component analysis. J Nat Prod 2004; 67: 953-957
16. 1H-NMR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis. Plant Physiol 2004; 135: 2398-2410
17. Choi YH, Sertic S, Kim HK, Wilson EG, Michopoulos F, Lefeber AWM, Erkelens C, Kricun SDP, Verpoorte R. Classification of Ilex species based on metabolomic fingerprinting using NMR and multivariate data analysis. J Agric Food Chem 2005; 53: 1237-1245 (Pubitemid 40276838)
18. Suhartono L, Van Iren F, De Winter W, Roytrakul S, Choi YH, Verpoorte R. Metabolic comparison of cryopreserved and normal cells from Tabernaemontana divaricata suspension cultures. Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult 2005; 83: 59-66 (Pubitemid 41187466)
19. 1H-NMR spectroscopy and principal component analysis. Chem Pharm Bull 2005; 53: 105-109
20. Hendrawati O, Yao Q, Kim HK, Linthorst HJM, Erkelens C, Lefeber AWM Choi YH, Verpoorte R. Metabolic differentiation of Arabidopsis treated with methyl jasmonate using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Plant Sci 2006; 170: 1118-1124
21. Liang Y-S, Choi YH, Kim HK, Linthorst HJM, Verpoorte R. Metabolomic analysis of methyl jasmonate treated Brassica rapa leaves by two dimensional NMR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. Phytochemistry 2006; 67: 2503-2511 (Pubitemid 44602131)
22. Widarto HT, Van der Meijden E, Lefeber AWM, Erkelens C, Kim HK, Choi YH, Verpoorte R. Metabolomic differentiation of Brassica rapa leaves attacked by herbivore using two dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Chem Ecol 2006; 32: 2417-2428 (Pubitemid 44764248)
23. 1H NMR spectroscopy for quality assessment of green tea, Camellia sinensis (L.). J Agric Food Chem 2004; 52: 692-700
24. Ward JL, Harris C, Lewis J, Beale MH. Assessment of 1H-NMR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis as a technique for metabolite fingerprinting of Arabidopsis thaliana. Phytochemistry 2003; 62: 949-957 (Pubitemid 36262398)
25. 1H-NMR. Planta Med 2003; 69: 1169-1171
26. 1H NMR metabolite fingerprinting and metabolomic analysis of perchloric acid extracts from plant tissues. Nat Protoc 2008; 3: 1001-1012
27. 1H-NMR spectral data from complex pharmaceutical preparations: St. John's wort. Planta Med 2006; 72: 556-563
28. 1H-NMR. Chem Pharm Bull 2003; 51: 158-161
29. 1H-NMR. Chem Pharm Bull 2003; 51: 1382-1385
30. 1H-NMR. Plant Cell Rep 1991; 9: 527-530
31. 1H-NMR spectroscopy of blood serum. Analyst 2003; 128: 814-818
32. 13C NMR spectra. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 1999; 29: 795-805
33. Davis RA, Charlton AJ, Godward J, Jones SA, Harrison M, Wilson JC. Adaptive binning: an improved binning method for metabolomics data using the undecimated wavelet transform. Chemometr Intell Lab Syst 2007; 85: 144-154 (Pubitemid 44932187)
34. Kim HK, Choi YH, Verpoorte R. Metabolomic analysis of Catharanthus roseus using NMR and principal component analysis. In: Saito K, Dixon RA, Willmitzer L, editors. Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry 57 plant metabolomics. Leipzig: Springer; 2006: 261-276
35. 1H NMR spectra. Phytochemistry 2003; 62: 1009-1017
36. Forshed J, Schuppe-Koistinen I, Jacobsson SP. Peak alignment of NMR signals by means of a genetic algorithm. Anal Chim Acta 2003; 487: 189-199 (Pubitemid 36773908)
37. Lee G-C, Woodruff DL. Beam search for peak alignment of NMR signals. Anal Chim Acta 2004; 513: 413-416
38. Eriksson L, Johansson E, Kettaneh-Wold N, Wold S. Multi- and megabariate data analysis. Principles and applications. Umeå: Umetrics; 2001
39. Berger S, Braun S. 200 and more NMR experiments. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH; 2004
40. Kemsley EK. Discriminant analysis and classmodelling of spectroscopic data. Chichester: John Wiley; 1998
41. Lindon JC, Holmes E, Nicholson JK. Pattern recognition methods and applications in biomedical magnetic resonance. Prog Nucl Magn Reson Spectrosc 2001; 39: 1-40 (Pubitemid 32529183)
42. Colquhoun IJ. Use of NMR for metabolic profilind in plant systems. J Pestic Sci 2007; 32: 200-212
43. Keun HC, Ebbels TMD, Antti H, Bollard ME, Beckonert O, Holmes E Lindon JC, Nicholson JK. Improved analysis of multivariate data by variable stability scaling: application to NMR-based metabonomic profiling. Anal Chim Acta 2003; 490: 265-276 (Pubitemid 37281308)
44. Viant MR. Improved methods for the acquisition and interpretation of NMR metabolomic data. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 310: 943-948
45. Wolters AM, Jayawickrama DA, Sweedler JV. Microscale NMR. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2002; 6: 711-716
46. Viel S, Capitani D, Mannina L, Segre A. Diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy: a versatile tool for the molecular weight determination of uncharged polysaccharides. Biomacromolecules 2003; 4: 1843-1847 (Pubitemid 37460963)
47. Ambrus A, Friedrich K, Somogyi Á. Oligomerization of nitrophorins. Anal Biochem 2006; 352: 286-295
48. Politi M, Groves P, Chávex I, Canada FJ, Jiménez-Barbero J. Useful application of DOSY experiments for the study of mushroom polysaccharides. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341: 84-89 (Pubitemid 41796980)
49. + channel. Biophys Chem 2006; 123: 29-39
50. Zeng B, Zhu X, Cai S, Chen Z. Interactions between diperoxovanadate complex and amide ligands in aqueous solution. Spectrochim Acta Part A 2007; 67: 202-207 (Pubitemid 46498951)
51. Kapur GS, Findeisen M, Berger S. Analysis of hydrocarbon mixtures by diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy. Fuel 2000; 79: 1347-1351 (Pubitemid 30879778)
52. Rauter AP, Martins A, Borges C, Ferreira J, Justino J, Bronze M-R, Coelho AV, Choi YH, Verpoorte R. Liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry/nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of the anti-hyperglycemic flavonoid extract of Genista tenera: structure elucidation of a flavonoid-C-glycoside. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1089: 59-64 (Pubitemid 41073557)
53. Bradley SA, Krishnamurthy K, Hu H. Simplifying DOSY spectra with selective TOCSY edited preparation. J Magn Reson 2005; 172: 110-117
54. Lucas LH, Otto W, Larive CK. The 2D-J-DOSY experiment: resolving diffusion coefficients in mixtures. J Magn Reson 2002; 156: 138-145
55. Barjat A, Morris GA, Swanson AG. A three-dimensional DOSY-HMQC experiment for the high-resolution analysis of complex mixtures. J Magn Reson 1998; 131: 131-138
56. Wang Y, Tang H, Nicholson JK, Hylands PJ, Sampson J, Whitcombe S, Stewart CG, Caiger S, Oru I, Holmes E. Metabolomic strategy for the classification and quality control of phytomedicine: a case study of chamomile flower (Matricaria recutita L.). Planta Med 2004; 70: 250-255 (Pubitemid 38445192)
57. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and multivariate analysis techniques. Phytochemistry 2004; 65: 1993-2001
58. Yang SY, Kim HK, Lefeber AWM, Erkelens C, Angelova N, Choi YH, Verpoorte R. Application of two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quality control of ginseng commercial products. Planta Med 2006; 72: 364-369
59. Shin YS, Bang KH, In DS, Kim OT, Hyun DY, Ahn IO, Ku BC, Kim SW, Seong NS, Cha SW, Lee D, Choi HK. Fingerprinting analysis of fresh ginseng roots of different ages using H-NMR spectroscopy and principal component analysis. Arch Pharm Res 2007; 30: 1625-1628
60. Kang J, Lee S, Kang S, Kwon HN, Park JH, Kwon SW, Park S. NMR-based metabolomics approach for the differentiation of ginseng (Panax ginseng) roots from different origins. Arch Pharm Res 2008; 31: 330-336
61. Tarachiwin L, Katoh A, Ute K, Fukusaki E. Quality evaluation of Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa roots by 1H NMR-based metabolic fingerprinting. J Pharm Biomed Anal Advance online publication 2008; DOI: 10.1016/ j.jpba
62. Van der Kooy F, Verpoorte R, Marion Meyer JJ. Metabolomic quality control of claimed anti-malarial Artemisia afra herbal remedy and A. afra and A. annua plant extracts. South African J Bot 2008; 74: 186-189
63. 1H-NMR spectroscopy and chemometrics. Planta Med 2002; 68: 734-738
64. Bilia AR, Bergonzi MC, Lazari D, Vincieri FF. Characterization of commercial kava-kava herbal drug and herbal drug preparations by means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Agric Food Chem 2002; 50: 5016-5025 (Pubitemid 34925084)
65. Bailey NJC, Wang YL, Sampson J, Davis W, Whitcombe I, Hylands PJ, Croft SL, Holmes E. Prediction of anti-plasmoidal activity of Artemisia annua extracts: application of 1H NMR spectroscopy and chemometrics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 35: 117-126 (Pubitemid 38368866)
66. Roos G, Röseler C, Berger-Buter K, Simmen U. Classification and correction of St. John's wort extracts by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, multivariate data analysis and pharmacological activity. Planta Med 2004; 70: 771-777
67. Holmes E, Tang H, Wang Y, Seger C. The assessment of plant metabolite profiles by NMR-based methodologies. Planta Med 2007; 72: 771-785 (Pubitemid 44204639)
68. Bedair M, Sumner LW. Current and emerging mass-spectrometry technologies for metabolomics. Trends Anal Chem 2008; 27: 238-250
69. García-Villalba R, León C, Dinelli G, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A, Garcia-Cañas V, Cifuentes A. Comparative metabolomic study of transgenic versus conventional soybean using capillary electrophoresis-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1195: 164-173
70. Harris CS, Burt AJ, Saleem A, Le PM, Martineau LC, Haddad, PS, Bennett SAL, Arnason JT. A single HPLC-PAD-APCI/MS method for the quantitative comparison of phenolic compounds found in leaf, stem, root and fruit extracts of Vaccinium angustifolium. Phytochem Anal 2007; 18: 161-169 (Pubitemid 46487639)
71. Grata E, Boccard J, Glauser G, Carrupt P-A, Farmer EE, Wolfender J-L, Rudaz S. Development of a two-step screening ESI-TOF-MS method for rapid determination of significant stress-induced metabolome modifications in plant leaf extracts: the wound response in Arabidopsis thaliana as a case study. J Sep Sci 2007; 30: 2268-2278 (Pubitemid 47497028)
72. Vorst O, De Vos CHR, Lommen A, Staps RV, Visser RGF, Bino RJ, Hall RD. A non-directed approach to the differential analysis of multiple LC-MS-derived metabolic profiles. Metabolomics 2005; 1: 169-180 (Pubitemid 40778837)
73. De Vos RCH, Moco S, Lommen A, Keurentjes JJB, Bino RJ, Hall RD. Untargeted large-scale plant metabolomics using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Nat Protoc 2007; 2: 778-791 (Pubitemid 46745574)
74. Zeng ZD, Liang YZ, Chau FT, Chen S, Daniel MKW, Chan CO. Mass spectral profiling: an effective tool for quality control of herbal medicines. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 604: 89-98 (Pubitemid 350046243)
75. Pongsuwan W, Bamba T, Yonetani T, Kobayashi A, Fukusaki E. Quality prediction of Japanese green tea using pyrolyzer coupled GC/MS based metabolic fingerprinting. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56: 744-750 (Pubitemid 351300239)
76. Xie G, Plumb R, Su M, Xu Z, Zhao A, Qiu M, Long X, Liu Z, Jia W. Ultra-performance LC/TOF MS analysis of medicinal Panax herbs for metabolomic research. J Sep Sci 2008; 31: 1015-1026 (Pubitemid 351649827)
77. Williams BJ, Cameron CJ, Workman R, Broeckling CD, Sumner LW, Smith JT. Amino acid profiling in plant cell cultures: an inter-laboratory comparison of CE-MS and GC-MS. Electrophoresis 2007; 28: 1371-1379 (Pubitemid 46723208)
78. Timischl B, Dettmer K, Kaspar H, Thieme M, Oefner PJ. Development of a quantitative, validated capillary electrophoresis-time of flight-mass spectrometry method with integrated high-confidence analyte identification for metabolomics. Electrophoresis 2008; 29: 2203-2214 (Pubitemid 351781216)
79. Inbaraj BS, Lua H, Hung CF, Wu WB, Lin CL, Chen BH. Determination of carotenoids and their esters in fruits of Lycium barbarum Linnaeus by HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 47: 812-818
80. Thiocone A, Farmer EE, Wolfender J-L. Screening for wound-induced oxylipins in Arabidopsis thaliana by differential HPLC-APCI/MS profiling of crude leaf extracts and subsequent characterisation by capillary-scale NMR. Phytochem Anal 2008; 19: 198-205 (Pubitemid 351722092)
81. Clarkson C, Strk D, Hansen SH, Smith PJ, Jaroszewski JW. Identification of major and minor constituents of Harpagophytum procumbens (Devil's Claw) using HPLC-SPE-NMR and HPLC-ESIMS/APCIMS. J Nat Prod 2006; 69: 1280-1288 (Pubitemid 44568234)
82. Aharoni A, De Vos CHR, Verhoeven HA, Maliepaard CA, Kruppa G, Bino R, Goodenowe DB. Nontargeted metabolome analysis by use of Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry. OMICS 2002; 6: 217-234 (Pubitemid 35278415)
83. Ohta D, Shibata D, Kanaya S. Metabolic profiling using Fourier-transform ion-cyclotron-resonance mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389: 1469-1475 (Pubitemid 350023671)
84. Kang J, Zhou L, Sun J, Han J, Guo D.-A. Chromatographic fingerprint analysis and characterization of furocoumarins in the roots of Angelica dahurica by HPLC/DAD/ESI-MSn technique. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 47: 778-785
85. Thysell E, Pohjanen E, Lindberg J, Schuppe-Koistinen I, Moritz T, Jonsson P, Antti H. Reliable profile detection in comparative metabolomics. OMICS 2007; 11: 209-224 (Pubitemid 47016181)
86. Broeckling CD, Reddy IR, Duran AL, Zhao X, Sumner LW. MET-IDEA: data extraction tool for mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Anal Chem 2006; 78: 4334-4341
87. Su J, Fu P, Shen Y, Zhang C, Liang M, Liu R, Li H, Zhang W. Simultaneous analysis of flavonoids from Hypericum japonicum Thunb. ex Murray (Hypericaceae) by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 46: 342-348
88. Liu Q, Li H, Hang T. Identification of chemical components illegally mixed in traditional Chinese medicine preparations. Zhongguo Yaoshi 2007; 10: 735-737
89. Li Y, Hu Z, He L. An approach to develop binary chromatographic fingerprints of the total alkaloids from Caulophyllum robustum by high performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 43: 1667-1672 (Pubitemid 46453083)
90. Jensen AG, Ndjoko K, Wolfender J-L, Hostettmann K, Camponovo F, Soldati F. Liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation/ mass spectrometry: a rapid and selective method for the quantitative determination of ginkgolides and bilobalide in ginkgo leaf extracts and phytopharmaceuticals. Phytochem Anal 2002; 13: 31-38 (Pubitemid 34126611)
91. Tiberti LA, Yariwake JH, Ndjoko K, Hostettmann K. Identification of flavonols in leaves of Maytenus ilicifolia and M. aquifolium (Celastraceae) by LC/UV/MS analysis. J Chromatogr B 2007; 846: 378-384 (Pubitemid 46157210)
92. Bruni R, Pellati F, Bellardi MG, Benvenuti S, Paltrinieri S, Bertaccini A, Bianchiet A. Herbal drug quality and phytochemical composition of Hypericum perforatum L. affected by ash yellows phytoplasma infection. J Agric Food Chem 2005; 53: 964-968 (Pubitemid 40270384)
93. Kovacs H, Moskau D, Spraul M. Cryogenically cooled probes - a leap in NMR technology. Prog Nucl Magn Reson Spectrosc 2005; 46: 131-155 (Pubitemid 40749327)
94. Schroeder FC, Gronquist M. Extending the scope of NMR spectroscopy with microcoil probes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45: 7122-7131 (Pubitemid 44748293)
95. Kopka JJ. Current challenges and developments in GC-MS based metabolite profiling technology. Biotechnology 2006; 124: 312-322
96. Exarchou V, Godejohann M, van Beek TA, Gerothanassis IP, Vervoort J. LC-UV-solid-phase extraction-NMR-MS combined with a cryogenic flow probe and its application to the identification of compounds present in Greek oregano. Anal Chem 2003; 75: 6288-6294 (Pubitemid 37420624)
97. Seger C, Godejohann M, Tseng LH, Spraul M, Girtler A, Sturm S, Stuppner H. LC-DAD-MS/SPE-NMR hyphenation. A tool for the analysis of pharmaceutically used plant extracts: identification of isobaric iridoid glycoside regioisomers from Harpagophytum procumbens. Anal Chem 2005; 77: 878-885
98. Wolfender JL, Rodrigues S, Hostettmann K, Hiller W. Liquid chromatography/ ultraviolet/mass spectrometric and liquid chromatography/ nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis of crude extract of Gentianaceae species. Phytochem Anal 1997; 8: 97-104 (Pubitemid 27219982)
99. Ioset JR, Wolfender JL, Marston A, Gupta MP, Hostettmann K. Identification of two isomeric meroterpenoid naphtoquinones from Cordia linnaei by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Phytochem Anal 1999; 10: 137-142 (Pubitemid 29224950)
100. Queiroz EF, Wolfender JL, Atindehou KK, Traore D, Hostettmann K. Online identification of the antifungal constituents of Erythrina vogelii by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, ultraviolet adsorbance detection and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry combined with chroamtographic micro-fractionation. J Chromatogr A 2002; 974: 123-134
101. Cogne AL, Queiroz EF, Wolfender JL, Marston A, Mavi S, Hostettmann K. On-line identification of unstable catalpol derivatives from Jamesbrittenia fodina by LC-MS and LC-NMR. Phytochem Anal 2003; 14: 67-73 (Pubitemid 36395714)
102. Ramm M, Wolfender JL, Queiroz EF, Hostettmann K, Hamburger M. Rapid analysis of nucleotide-activated sugars by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detection, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1034: 139-148 (Pubitemid 38376424)
103. Jaroszewski JW. Hyphenated NMR methods in natural products research, Part 1: direct hyphenation. Planta Med 2005; 71: 691-700
104. Glauser G, Guillarme D, Grata E, Boccard J, Thiocone A, Carrupt PA, Veuthey J-L, Rudaz S, Wolfender J-L. Optimized liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approach for the isolation of minor stress biomarkers in plant extracts and their identification by capillary nuclear magnetic resonance. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1180: 90-98
105. Grata E, Boccard J, Guillarme D, Glauser G, Carrupt PA, Farmer EE, Wolfender J-L, Rudaz S. UPLC-TOF-MS for plant metabolomics: a sequential approach for wound marker analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Chromatogr B 2008; 871: 261-270
106. Swartz ME. UPLC™: an introduction and review. J Liq Chromatogr Rel Technol 2005; 28: 1253-1263
107. Nguyen DTT, Guillarme D, Rudaz S, Veuthey JL. Fast analysis in liquid chromatography using small particle size and high pressure. J Sep Sci 2006; 29: 1836-1848 (Pubitemid 44340023)
108. Guan J, Laia CM, Li SP. A rapid method for the simultaneous determination of 11 saponins in Panax notoginseng using ultra performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 44: 996-1000
109. Li P, Xu G, Li SP, Wang YT, Fan TP, Zhao QS, Zhang QW. Optimizing ultraperformance liquid chromatographic analysis of 10 diterpenoid compounds in Salvia miltiorrhiza using central composite design. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56: 1164-1171
110. Chen XJ, Ji H, Zhang QW, Tu PF, Wang YT, Guo BL, Li SP. A rapid method for simultaneous determination of 15 flavonoids in Epimedium using pressurized liquid extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 46: 226-235
111. Johnson KA, Plumb RJ. Investigating the human metabolism of acetaminophen using UPLC and exact mass oa-TOF MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 39: 805-810
112. Wilson ID, Nicholson JK, Castro-Perez J, Granger JH, Johnson KA, Smith BW, Plumb RS. High resolution "ultra performance" liquid chromatography coupled to oa-TOF mass spectrometry as a tool for differential metabolic pathway profiling in functional genomic studies. J Proteome Res 2005; 4: 591-598
113. Nordström A, O'Maille G, Qin C, Siuzdak G. Nonlinear data alignment for UPLC-MS and HPLC-MS based metabolomics: quantitative analysis of endogenous and exogenous metabolites in human serum. Anal Chem 2006; 78: 3289-3295
114. Yu K, Little D, Plumb R, Smith B. High-throughput quantification for a drug mixture in rat plasma: a comparison of ultra performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2006; 20: 544-552 (Pubitemid 43236839)
115. Jacob SS, Smith NW, Legido-Quigley C. Assessment of Chinese medicinal herb metabolite profiles by UPLC-MS-based methodology for the detection of aristolochic acids. J Sep Sci 2007; 30: 1200-1206 (Pubitemid 46895313)
116. Naidong W. Bioanalytical liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry methods on underivatized silica columns with aqueous/organic mobile phases. J Chromatogr B 2003; 796: 209-224 (Pubitemid 37329666)
117. Tolstikov VV, Fiehn O. Analysis of highly polar compounds of plant origin: combination of hydrophilic interaction chromatography and electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2002; 301: 298-307 (Pubitemid 34158194)
118. Kind T, Tolstikov VV, Fiehn O, Weiss RH. A comprehensive urinary metabolomic approach for identifying kidney cancer. Anal Biochem 2007; 363: 185-195 (Pubitemid 46428214)
119. Dunn BW. Current trends and future requirements for the mass spectrometric investigation of microbial, mammalian and plant metabolomes. Physiol Biol 2008; 5: 1-24
120. Washburn M, Wolters D, Yates J. Large-scale analysis of the yeast proteome by multidimensional protein identification technology. Nat Biotechnol 2001; 19: 242-247 (Pubitemid 32220565)
121. Wolters D, Washburn M, Yates J. An automated multidimensional protein identification technology for shotgun proteomics. Anal Chem 2001; 73: 5683-5690 (Pubitemid 33126725)
122. Dugo P, Kumm T, Crupi ML, Cotroneo A, Mondello L. Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometric detection in the analyses of triacylglycerols in natural lipidic matrixes. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1112: 269-275
123. Ryan D, Robards K. Analytical chemistry considerations in plant metabolomics. Sep Purif Rev 2006; 35: 319-356 (Pubitemid 44777471)
124. Mondello L, Tranchida PQ, Dugo P, Dugo G. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: a review. Mass Spectrom Rev 2008; 27: 101-124 (Pubitemid 351315897)
125. Shellie RA, Marriott PJ. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of Pelargonium graveolens essential oil using rapid scanning quadrupole mass spectrometry. Analyst 2002; 128: 879-883
126. Shellie RA, Marriot PJ, Huie CW. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC'GC) and GC'GC-quadrupole MS analysis of Asian and American ginseng. J Sep Sci 2003; 26: 1185-1192
127. Shellie RA, Welthagen W, Zrostlikova J, Spranger J, Ristow M, Fiehn O, Zimmermann R. Statistical methods for comparing comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry results: metabolomics analysis of mouse tissue extracts. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1086: 83-90 (Pubitemid 41033272)
128. Hope JL, Prazen BJ, Nilsson EJ, Jack RM, Synovec RE. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection: analysis of amino acid and organic acid trimethylsilyl derivatives, with application to the analysis of metabolites in rye grass samples. Talanta 2005; 65: 380-388
129. Pierce KM, Hope JL, Hoggard JC, Synovec RE. Principal component analysis based method to discover chemical differences in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS) separations of metabolites in plant samples. Talanta 2006; 70: 797-804
130. Verpoorte R, Choi YH, Mustafa NR, Kim HK. Metabolomics: back to basics. Phytochem Rev 2008; 7: 525-537
131. Schad M, Mungur R, Fiehn O, Kehr J. Metabolic profiling of laser microdissected vascular bundles of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Methods 2005; 1: 1-10
132. Schneider B, Hölscher D. Laser microdissection and cryogenic nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: an alliance for cell type-specific metabolite profiling. Planta 2007; 225: 763-770 (Pubitemid 46204240)
133. Li SH, Schneider B, Gershenzon J. Microchemical analysis of laser-microdissected stone cells of Norway spruce by cryogenic nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Planta 2007; 225: 771-779 (Pubitemid 46204241)