Genes within the serotonergic system are differentially expressed in human brain

BMC Neuroscience

Volumn 10, Issue , 2009, Pages

  Sugden, Karen ^a   Tichopad, Ales ^b   Khan, Nadeem ^c   Craig, Ian W ^a   D'Souza, Ursula M ^a  

^a MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL   (United Kingdom)

^b TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^c KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MESSENGER RNA; SEROTONIN 2A RECEPTOR; SEROTONIN 2C RECEPTOR; TRYPTOPHAN HYDROXYLASE; TRYPTOPHAN HYDROXYLASE 1; TRYPTOPHAN HYDROXYLASE 2; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; SEROTONIN; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER; SLC6A4 PROTEIN, HUMAN; TPH1 PROTEIN, HUMAN; TPH2 PROTEIN, HUMAN;

AGED; ARTICLE; AUTOPSY; BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN REGION; CEREBELLUM; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORPUS STRIATUM; FEMALE; GENDER; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; GENE FREQUENCY; GENE LOCATION; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENOTYPE; HIPPOCAMPUS; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; MALE; MESENCEPHALON; PHENOTYPE; QUANTITATIVE STUDY; REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SEROTONINERGIC SYSTEM; SUPERIOR FRONTAL GYRUS; SUPERIOR TEMPORAL GYRUS; THALAMUS; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; BRAIN; CADAVER; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETICS; METABOLISM; METHODOLOGY; PATHOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; BRAIN; FEMALE; GENE EXPRESSION; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY; GENOTYPE; HUMANS; MALE; POSTMORTEM CHANGES; RECEPTOR, SEROTONIN, 5-HT2A; RECEPTOR, SEROTONIN, 5-HT2C; SEROTONIN; SEROTONIN PLASMA MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS; TRYPTOPHAN HYDROXYLASE;

EID: 67649415142     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712202     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-10-50     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Lucki I The spectrum of behaviors influenced by serotonin Biological Psychiatry 1998, 44:151-162. 10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00139-5 9693387
2. Veenstra-VanderWeele J Anderson GM Cook EH Jr Pharmacogenetics and the serotonin system: Initial studies and future directions Eur J Pharmacol 2000, 410:165-181. 10.1016/S0014-2999(00)00814-1 11134668
3. Cravchik A Goldman D Neurochemical individuality - Genetic diversity among human dopamine and serotonin receptors and transporters Archives of General Psychiatry 2000, 57:1105-1114. 10.1001/archpsyc.57.12.1105 11115324
4. Arango V Huang YY Underwood MD Mann JJ Genetics of the serotonergic system in suicidal behavior Journal of Psychiatric Research 2003, 37:375-386. 10.1016/S0022-3956(03)00048-7 12849930
5. Gingrich JA Hen R Dissecting the role of the serotonin system in neuropsychiatric disorders using knockout mice Psychopharmacology 2001, 155:1-10. 10.1007/s002130000573 11374326
6. D'Souza UM Craig IW Functional polymorphisms in dopamine and serotonin pathway genes Human Mutation 2006, 27:1-13. 10.1002/humu.20278 16320307
7. Stoltenberg SF Burmeister M Recent progress in psychiatric genetics - some hope but no hype Human Molecular Genetics 2000, 9:927-935. 10.1093/ hmg/9.6.927 10767316
8. Lesch KP Bengel D Heils A Sabol SZ Greenberg BD Petri S et al Association of anxiety-related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region Science 1996, 274:1527-1531. 10.1126/science.274.5292.1527 8929413
9. Walther DJ Bader M A unique central tryptophan hydroxylase isoform Biochemical Pharmacology 2003, 66:1673-1680. 10.1016/ S0006-2952(03)00556-2 14563478
10. Zill P Buttner A Eisenmenger W Moller HJ Ackenheil M Bondy B Analysis of tryptophan hydroxylase I and II mRNA expression in the human brain: A post-mortem study Journal of Psychiatric Research 2007, 41:168-173. 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.05.004 16023677
11. Sun HS Fann CSJ Lane HY Chang YT Chang CJ Liu YL et al A functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the tryptophan hydroxylase gene is associated with alcohol dependence in one aboriginal group in Taiwan Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research 2005, 29:1-7. 10.1097/ 01.ALC.0000150635.51934.6D
12. Chen GL Vallender EJ Miller GM Functional characterization of the human TPH2 5 ' regulatory region: Untranslated region and polymorphisms modulate gene expression in vitro Human Genetics 2008, 122:645-657. 10.1007/s00439-007-0443-y 17972101
13. Frazer A Maayani S Wolfe BB Subtypes of Receptors for Serotonin Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1990, 30:307-348. 10.1146/annurev.pa.30.040190.001515 2188571
14. Barnes NM Sharp T A review of central 5-HT receptors and their function Neuropharmacology 1999, 38:1083-1152. 10.1016/S0028-3908(99)00010-6 10462127
15. Pompeiano M Palacios JM Mengod G Distribution of the Serotonin 5-Ht2 Receptor Family Messenger-Rnas - Comparison Between 5-Ht(2A) and 5-Ht(2C) Receptors Molecular Brain Research 1994, 23:163-178. 10.1016/ 0169-328X(94)90223-2 8028479
16. Abramowski D Rigo M Duc D Hoyer D Staufenbiel M Localization of the 5-hydroxytryptamine2C receptor protein in human and rat brain using specific antisera Neuropharmacology 1995, 34:1635-1645. 10.1016/ 0028-3908(95)00138-7 8788961
17. Kulikov AV Naumenko VS Voronova IP Tikhonova MA Popova NK Quantitative RT-PCR assay of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A serotonin receptor mRNAs using genomic DNA as an external standard J Neurosci Methods 2005, 141:97-101. 10.1016/ j.jneumeth.2004.06.005 15585293
18. Biver F Lotstra F Monclus M Wikler D Damhaut P Mendlewicz J et al Sex difference in 5HT(2) receptor in the living human brain Neuroscience Letters 1996, 204:25-28. 10.1016/0304-3940(96)12307-7 8929969
19. Spurlock G Heils A Holmans P Williams J D'Souza UM Cardno A et al A family based association study of T102C polymorphism in 5HT2A and schizophrenia plus identification of new polymorphisms in the promoter Molecular Psychiatry 1998, 3:42-49. 10.1038/sj.mp.4000342 9491812
20. Parsons MJ D'Souza UM Arranz MJ Kerwin RW Makoff AJ The -1438A/G polymorphism in the 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2A receptor gene affects promoter activity Biol Psychiatry 2004, 56:406-410. 10.1016/ j.biopsych.2004.06.020 15364038
21. Bray NJ Buckland PR Hall H Owen MJ O'Donovan MC The serotonin-2A receptor gene locus does not contain common polymorphism affecting mRNA levels in adult brain Mol Psychiatry 2004, 9:109-114. 10.1038/ sj.mp.4001366 14699448
22. Yuan X Yamada K Ishiyama-Shigemoto S Koyama W Nonaka K Identification of polymorphic loci in the promoter region of the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor gene and their association with obesity and type II diabetes Diabetologia 2000, 43:373-376. 10.1007/s001250050056 10768099
23. Ozsarac N Santha E Hoffman BJ Alternative non-coding exons support serotonin transporter mRNA expression in the brain and gut J Neurochem 2002, 82:336-344. 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.00964.x 12124434
24. Heils A Teufel A Petri S Seemann M Bengel D Balling U et al Functional promoter and polyadenylation site mapping of the human serotonin (5-HT) transporter gene J Neural Transm Gen Sect 1995, 102:247-254. 10.1007/ BF01281159 8788073
25. Nakamura M Ueno S Sano A Tanabe H The human serotonin transporter gene linked polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) shows ten novel allelic variants Mol Psychiatry 2000, 5:32-38. 10.1038/sj.mp.4000698 10673766
26. MacKenzie A Quinn J A serotonin transporter gene intron 2 polymorphic region, correlated with affective disorders, has allele-dependent differential enhancer-like properties in the mouse embryo Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999, 96:15251-15255. 24806 10611371 10.1073/pnas.96.26.15251
27. Fiskerstrand CE Lovejoy EA Quinn JP An intronic polymorphic domain often associated with susceptibility to affective disorders has allele dependent differential enhancer activity in embryonic stem cells FEBS Lett 1999, 458:171-174. 10.1016/S0014-5793(99)01150-3 10481059
28. Heisler LK Cowley MA Tecott LH Fan W Low MJ Smart JL et al Activation of central melanocortin pathways by fenfluramine Science 2002, 297:609-611. 10.1126/science.1072327 12142539
29. Forutan F Estalji S Beu M Nikolaus S Hamacher K Coenen HH et al Distribution of 5HT2A receptors in the human brain: Comparison of data in vivo and post mortem Nuklearmedizin 2002, 41:197-201. 12224404
30. Marazziti D Rossi A Giannaccini G Zavaglia KM Dell'Osso L Lucacchini A et al Distribution and characterization of [3H]mesulergine binding in human brain postmortem Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 1999, 10:21-26. 10.1016/ S0924-977X(99)00045-0 10647092
31. Lesch KP Bengel D Heils A Sabol SZ Greenberg BD Petri S et al Association of anxiety-related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region Science 1996, 274:1527-1531. 10.1126/science.274.5292.1527 8929413
32. Lim JE Papp A Pinsonneault J Sadee W Saffen D Allelic expression of serotonin transporter (SERT) mRNA in human pons: Lack of correlation with the polymorphism SERTLPR Mol Psychiatry 2006, 11:649-662. 10.1038/ sj.mp.4001797 16432527
33. Johnson AD Zhang Y Papp AC Pinsonneault JK Lim JE Saffen D et al Polymorphisms affecting gene transcription and mRNA processing in pharmacogenetic candidate genes: Detection through allelic expression imbalance in human target tissues Pharmacogenet Genomics 2008, 18:781-791. 10.1097/FPC.0b013e3283050107 18698231
34. Bunzel R Blumcke I Cichon S Normann S Schramm J Propping P et al Polymorphic imprinting of the serotonin-2A (5-HT2A) receptor gene in human adult brain Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1998, 59:90-92. 10.1016/ S0169-328X(98)00146-6 9729300
35. Polesskaya OO Sokolov BP Differential expression of the "C" and "T" alleles of the 5-HT2A receptor gene in the temporal cortex of normal individuals and schizophrenics J Neurosci Res 2002, 67:812-822. 10.1002/jnr.10173 11891796
36. Gundlah C Pecins-Thompson M Schutzer WE Bethea CL Ovarian steroid effects on serotonin 1A, 2A and 2C receptor mRNA in macaque hypothalamus Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1999, 63:325-339. 10.1016/S0169-328X(98)00295-2 9878811
37. Birzniece V Johansson IM Wang MD Backstrom T Olsson T Ovarian hormone effects on 5-hydroxytryptamine(2A) and 5-hydroxytryptamine(2C) receptor mRNA expression in the ventral hippocampus and frontal cortex of female rats Neurosci Lett 2002, 319:157-161. 10.1016/S0304-3940(01)02570-8 11834317
38. Gundlah C Alves SE Clark JA Pai LY Schaeffer JM Rohrer SP Estrogen receptor-beta regulates tryptophan hydroxylase-1 expression in the murine midbrain raphe Biol Psychiatry 2005, 57:938-942. 10.1016/ j.biopsych.2005.01.014 15820717
39. Sanchez RL Reddy AP Centeno ML Henderson JA Bethea CL A second tryptophan hydroxylase isoform, TPH-2 mRNA, is increased by ovarian steroids in the raphe region of macaques Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2005, 135:194-203. 10.1016/j.molbrainres.2004.12.011 15857682
40. McQueen JK Wilson H Sumner BE Fink G Serotonin transporter (SERT) mRNA and binding site densities in male rat brain affected by sex steroids Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1999, 63:241-247. 10.1016/S0169-328X(98)00281-2 9878762
41. Bjornerem A Straume B Midtby M Fonnebo V Sundsfjord J Svartberg J et al Endogenous sex hormones in relation to age, sex, lifestyle factors, and chronic diseases in a general population: The Tromso Study J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004, 89:6039-6047. 10.1210/jc.2004-0735 15579756
42. Leifke E Gorenoi V Wichers C Von Zur MA Von Buren E Brabant G Age-related changes of serum sex hormones, insulin-like growth factor-1 and sex-hormone binding globulin levels in men: Cross-sectional data from a healthy male cohort Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2000, 53:689-695. 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2000.01159.x 11155090
43. Somel M Khaitovich P Bahn S Paabo S Lachmann M Gene expression becomes heterogeneous with age Curr Biol 2006, 16:R359-R360. 10.1016/ j.cub.2006.04.024 16713941
44. Abumaria N Ribic A Anacker C Fuchs E Flugge G Stress upregulates TPH1 but not TPH2 mRNA in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus: Identification of two TPH2 mRNA splice variants Cell Mol Neurobiol 2008, 28:331-342. 10.1007/ s10571-007-9259-5 18197473
45. Boularand S Darmon MC Mallet J The human tryptophan hydroxylase gene. An unusual splicing complexity in the 5'-untranslated region J Biol Chem 1995, 270:3748-3756. 10.1074/jbc.270.8.3748 7876115
46. Malhotra S Sawhney G Pandhi P The therapeutic potential of melatonin: A review of the science MedGenMed 2004, 6(2):46. 1395802 15266271
47. Barton AJ Pearson RC Najlerahim A Harrison PJ Pre- and postmortem influences on brain RNA J Neurochem 1993, 61:1-11. 10.1111/ j.1471-4159.1993.tb03532.x 7685811
48. Preece P Cairns NJ Quantifying mRNA in postmortem human brain: Influence of gender, age at death, postmortem interval, brain pH, agonal state and inter-lobe mRNA variance Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2003, 118:60-71. 10.1016/S0169-328X(03)00337-1 14559355
49. Bahn S Augood SJ Ryan M Standaert DG Starkey M Emson PC Gene expression profiling in the post-mortem human brain-no cause for dismay J Chem Neuroanat 2001, 22:79-94. 10.1016/S0891-0618(01)00099-0 11470556
50. Tomita H Vawter MP Walsh DM Evans SJ Choudary PV Li J et al Effect of agonal and postmortem factors on gene expression profile: Quality control in microarray analyses of postmortem human brain Biol Psychiatry 2004, 55:346-352. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.10.013 14960286
51. Bustin SA Quantification of mRNA using real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR): Trends and problems J Mol Endocrinol 2002, 29:23-39. 10.1677/jme.0.0290023 12200227
52. Bustin SA Benes V Nolan T Pfaffl MW Quantitative real-time RT-PCR-a perspective J Mol Endocrinol 2005, 34:597-601. 10.1677/jme.1.01755 15956331
53. Medhurst AD Harrison DC Read SJ Campbell CA Robbins MJ Pangalos MN The use of TaqMan RT-PCR assays for semiquantitative analysis of gene expression in CNS tissues and disease models J Neurosci Methods 2000, 98:9-20. 10.1016/S0165-0270(00)00178-3 10837866
54. Castensson A Emilsson L Sundberg R Jazin E Decrease of serotonin receptor 2C in schizophrenia brains identified by high-resolution mRNA expression analysis Biol Psychiatry 2003, 54:1212-1221. 10.1016/ S0006-3223(03)00526-2 14643089
55. Vandesompele J De Preter K Pattyn F Poppe B Van Roy N De Paepe A et al Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes Genome Biol 2002, 3:RESEARCH0034. 126239 12184808 10.1186/gb-2002-3-7-research0034
56. Livak KJ Schmittgen TD Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method Methods 2001, 25:402-408. 10.1006/meth.2001.1262 11846609
57. Bengtsson M Stahlberg A Rorsman P Kubista M Gene expression profiling in single cells from the pancreatic islets of Langerhans reveals lognormal distribution of mRNA levels Genome Res 2005, 15:1388-1392. 1240081 16204192 10.1101/gr.3820805