Glycosphingolipids and insulin resistance

Progress in Lipid Research

Volumn 48, Issue 3-4, 2009, Pages 196-205

  Langeveld, Mirjam ^a   Aerts, Johannes M F G ^a  

^a ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Glycosphingolipids; GM3; Insulin resistance

Indexed keywords

CERAMIDE; DEXAMETHASONE; GANGLIOSIDE; GLYCOSPHINGOLIPID; INSULIN; INSULIN RECEPTOR; PROTEIN KINASE B; THERMOZYMOCIDIN;

ADIPOSE TISSUE; CELL MEMBRANE RESISTANCE; HUMAN; INDUCED RESISTANCE; INFLAMMATION; INSULIN RESISTANCE; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; LIPID METABOLISM; LIPOGENESIS; LIPOLYSIS; LIVER; MUSCLE; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; REVIEW; RODENT;

ANIMALS; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; G(M3) GANGLIOSIDE; GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS; HUMANS; INSULIN RESISTANCE; OBESITY; PHOSPHORYLATION; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-AKT;

RODENTIA;

EID: 67349130083     PISSN: 01637827     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2009.03.002     Document Type: Review

References (127)

1. Yki-Jarvinen H. Insulin resistance in type II diabetes. In: Pickup J.C., and Williams G. (Eds). Textbook of diabetes (2003), Blackwell Publishing, Oxford 22.1-22.19
2. Misra A., and Vikram N.K. Clinical and pathophysiological consequences of abdominal adiposity and abdominal adipose tissue depots. Nutrition 19 (2003) 457-466
3. Tataranni P.A., and Ortega E. A burning question: does an adipokine-induced activation of the immune system mediate the effect of overnutrition on type 2 diabetes?. Diabetes 54 (2005) 917-927
4. Weisberg S.P., McCann D., Desai M., Rosenbaum M., Leibel R.L., and Ferrante Jr. A.W. Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. J Clin Invest 112 (2003) 1796-1808
5. Fantuzzi G. Adipose tissue, adipokines, and inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 115 (2005) 911-919
6. Hotamisligil G.S. Inflammation and metabolic disorders. Nature 444 (2006) 860-867
7. Shoelson S.E., Herrero L., and Naaz A. Obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Gastroenterology 132 6 (2007) 2169-2180
8. Bloomgarden Z.T. Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and aspects of insulin action. Diabetes Care 28 9 (2005) 2312-2319
9. Unger R.H. Lipotoxic diseases. Ann Rev Med 53 (2002) 319-336
10. Unger R.H. Lipid overload and overflow: metabolic trauma and the metabolic syndrome. Trends Endocrinol Metab 14 9 (2003) 398-403
11. Muoio D.M., and Newgard C.B. Obesity-related derangements in metabolic regulation. Ann Rev Biochem 75 (2006) 367-401
12. Krssak M., Falk P.K., Dresner A., DiPietro L., Vogel S.M., Rothman D.L., et al. Intramyocellular lipid concentrations are correlated with insulin sensitivity in humans: a 1H NMR spectroscopy study. Diabetologia 42 1 (1999) 113-116
13. Mei J., Wang C.N., O'Brien L., and Brindley D.N. Cell-permeable ceramides increase basal glucose incorporation into triacylglycerols but decrease the stimulation by insulin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 27 (2003) 31-39
14. Schmitz-Peiffer C., Craig D.L., and Biden T.J. Ceramide generation is sufficient to account for the inhibition of the insulin-stimulated PKB pathway in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells pretreated with palmitate. J Biol Chem 274 (1999) 24202-24210
15. Summers S.A. Ceramides in insulin resistance and lipotoxicity. Prog Lipid Res 45 (2006) 42-72
16. Holland W.L., Knotts T.A., Chavez J.A., Wang L.P., Hoehn K.L., and Summers S.A. Lipid mediators of insulin resistance. Nutr Rev 65 (2007) S39-S46
17. Merrill Jr. A.H., Wang E., and Mullins R.E. Kinetics of long-chain (sphingoid) base biosynthesis in intact LM cells: effects of varying the extracellular concentrations of serine and fatty acid precursors of this pathway. Biochemistry 12 (1988) 340-345
18. Pettus B.J., Chalfant C.E., and Hannun Y.A. Sphingolipids in inflammation: roles and implications. Curr Mol Med 4 (2004) 405-418
19. Coste H., Martel M.B., and Got R. Topology of glucosylceramide synthesis in Golgi membranes from porcine submaxillary glands. Biochim Biophys Acta 858 (1986) 6-12
20. Jeckel D., Karrenbauer A., Burger K.N., Van M.G., and Wieland F. Glucosylceramide is synthesized at the cytosolic surface of various Golgi subfractions. J Cell Biol 117 2 (1992) 259-267
21. Ichikawa S., and Hirabayashi Y. Glucosylceramide synthase and glycosphingolipid synthesis. Trends Cell Biol 8 (1998) 198-202
22. Neumann S., and van Meer G. Sphingolipid management by an orchestra of lipid transfer proteins. Biol Chem 389 (2008) 1349-1360
23. van Meer G., Wolthoorn J., and Degroote S. The fate and function of glycosphingolipid glucosylceramide. Philos Trans R Soc London B Biol Sci 358 (2003) 869-873
24. Halter D., Neumann S., van Dijk S.M., Wolthoorn J., de Maziere A.M., Vieira O.V., et al. Pre- and post-Golgi translocation of glucosylceramide in glycosphingolipid synthesis. J Cell Biol 179 (2007) 101-115
25. Svennerholm L. The gangliosides. J Lipid Res 5 (1964) 145-155
26. Kolter T., Proia R.L., and Sandhoff K. Combinatorial ganglioside biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 277 (2002) 25859-25862
27. Sandhoff K., and Kolter T. Biosynthesis and degradation of mammalian glycosphingolipids. Biochim Biophys Acta 1758 12 (2006) 2057-2079
28. Gieselmann V. Lysosomal storage diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta 1270 (1995) 103-336
29. Neufeld E.F. Lysosomal storage diseases. Ann Rev Biochem 60 (1991) 257-280
30. de Duve C. Lysosomes revisited. Eur J Biochem 137 (1983) 391-397
31. Kolter T., and Sandhoff K. Principles of lysosomal membrane digestion: stimulation of sphingolipid degradation by sphingolipid activator proteins and anionic lysosomal lipids. Ann Rev Cell Dev Biol 21 (2005) 81-103
32. Aerts J.M., van Weely S., Boot R., Hollak C.E., and Tager J.M. Pathogenesis of lysosomal storage disorders as illustrated by Gaucher disease. J Inherit Metab Dis 16 (1993) 288-291
33. Le Stunff H., Milstien S., and Spiegel S. Generation and metabolism of bioactive sphingosine-1-phosphate. J Cell Biochem 92 (2004) 882-899
34. Lahiri S., and Futerman A.H. The metabolism and function of sphingolipids and glycosphingolipids. Cell Mol Life Sci 64 (2007) 2270-2284
35. Trinchera M., Ghidoni R., Sonnino S., and Tettamanti G. Recycling of glucosylceramide and sphingosine for the biosynthesis of gangliosides and sphingomyelin in rat liver. Biochem J 270 (1990) 815-820
36. Prinetti A., Chigorno V., Mauri L., Loberto N., and Sonnino S. Modulation of cell functions by glycosphingolipid metabolic remodeling in the plasma membrane. J Neurochem 103 Suppl. 1 (2007) 113-125
37. van Weely S., Brandsma M., Strijland A., Tager J.M., and Aerts J.M. Demonstration of the existence of a second, non-lysosomal glucocerebrosidase that is not deficient in Gaucher disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 24 1181 (1993) 55-62
38. Boot R.G., Verhoek M., Donker-Koopman W., Strijland A., van Marle J., Overkleeft H.S., et al. Identification of the non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase as beta-glucosidase 2. J Biol Chem 282 (2007) 1305-1312
39. Yildiz Y., Matern H., Thompson B., Allegood J.C., Warren R.L., Ramirez D.M., et al. Mutation of beta-glucosidase 2 causes glycolipid storage disease and impaired male fertility. J Clin Invest 116 (2006) 2985-2994
40. Beutler E., and Grabowski G. Gaucher disease. In: Scriver C.R., Beaudet A.L., Sly W.S., and Valle D. (Eds). The metabolic and molecular bases of inherited diseases (2001), McGraw-Hill, New York 3635-3668
41. Aerts J.M., Donker-Koopman W.E., van der Vliet M.K., Jonsson L.M., Ginns E.I., Murray G.J., et al. The occurrence of two immunologically distinguishable beta-glucocerebrosidases in human spleen. Eur J Biochem 150 (1985) 565-574
42. Van Weely S., Van Leeuwen M.B., Jansen I.D., De Bruijn M.A., Brouwer-Kelder E.M., Schram A.W., et al. Clinical phenotype of Gaucher disease in relation to properties of mutant glucocerebrosidase in cultured fibroblasts. Biochim Biophys Acta 1096 (1991) 301-311
43. Kido Y., Nakae J., and Accili D. Clinical review 125: the insulin receptor and its cellular targets. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86 (2001) 972-979
44. Schinner S., Scherbaum W.A., Bornstein S.R., and Barthel A. Molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance. Diabetic Med 22 (2005) 674-682
45. Whiteman E.L., Cho H., and Birnbaum M.J. Role of Akt/protein kinase B in metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 13 (2002) 444-451
46. Lazar D.F., Wiese R.J., Brady M.J., Mastick C.C., Waters S.B., Yamauchi K., et al. Mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibition does not block the stimulation of glucose utilization by insulin. J Biol Chem 270 35 (1995) 20801-20807
47. Meijer A.J., and Codogno P. Autophagy: a sweet process in diabetes. Cell Metab 8 4 (2008) 275-276
48. Scarlatti F., Granata R., Meijer A.J., and Codogno P. Does autophagy have a license to kill mammalian cells?. Cell Death Differ 16 1 (2009) 12-20
49. Kanzaki M. Insulin receptor signals regulating GLUT4 translocation and actin dynamics. Endocr J 53 (2006) 267-293
50. Chang L., Chiang S.H., and Saltiel A.R. Insulin signaling and the regulation of glucose transport. Mol Med 10 (2004) 65-71
51. Sale E.M., and Sale G.J. Protein kinase B: signalling roles and therapeutic targeting. Cell Mol Life Sci 65 (2008) 113-127
52. Gross D.N., van den Heuvel A.P., and Birnbaum M.J. The role of FoxO in the regulation of metabolism. Oncogene 27 (2008) 2320-2336
53. Porstmann T., Santos C.R., Griffiths B., Cully M., Wu M., Leevers S., et al. SREBP activity is regulated by mTORC1 and contributes to Akt-dependent cell growth. Cell Metab 8 3 (2008) 224-236
54. Horton J.D., Goldstein J.L., and Brown M.S. SREBPs: activators of the complete program of cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in the liver. J Clin Invest 109 (2002) 1125-1131
55. Ferré P., and Foufelle F. SREBP-1c transcription factor and lipid homeostasis: clinical perspective. Horm Res 68 (2007) 72-82
56. Loten E.G., and Sneyd J.G. An effect of insulin on adipose-tissue adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate phosphodiesterase. Biochem J 120 1 (1970) 187-193
57. Shimomura I., Matsuda M., Hammer R.E., Bashmakov Y., Brown M.S., and Goldstein J.L. Decreased IRS-2 and increased SREBP-1c lead to mixed insulin resistance and sensitivity in livers of lipodystrophic and ob/ob mice. Mol Cell 6 (2000) 77-86
58. Brown M.S., and Goldstein J.L. Selective versus total insulin resistance: a pathogenic paradox. Cell Metab 7 (2008) 95-96
59. Baumann C.A., and Saltiel A.R. Spatial compartmentalization of signal transduction in insulin action. Bioessays 23 (2001) 215-222
60. Pilch P.F., Souto R.P., Liu L., Jedrychowski M.P., Berg E.A., Costello C.E., et al. Cellular spelunking: exploring adipocyte caveolae. J Lipid Res 48 (2007) 2103-2111
61. Parton R.G., and Simons K. The multiple faces of caveolae. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8 (2007) 185-194
62. Oh Y.S., Cho K.A., Ryu S.J., Khil L.Y., Jun H.S., Yoon J.W., et al. Regulation of insulin response in skeletal muscle cell by caveolin status. J Cell Biochem 99 (2006) 747-758
63. Calvo M., Tebar F., Lopez-Iglesias C., and Enrich C. Morphologic and functional characterization of caveolae in rat liver hepatocytes. Hepatology 33 (2001) 1259-1269
64. Mishra S., and Joshi P.G. Lipid raft heterogeneity: an enigma. J Neurochem 103 Suppl. 1 (2007) 135-142
65. Chamberlain L.H. Detergents as tools for the purification and classification of lipid rafts. FEBS Lett 559 (2004) 1-5
66. Gustavsson J., Parpal S., Karlsson M., Ramsing C., Thorn H., Borg M., et al. Localization of the insulin receptor in caveolae of adipocyte plasma membrane. FASEB J 13 (1999) 1961-1971
67. Bickel P.E. Lipid rafts and insulin signaling. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 282 (2002) E1-E10
68. Souto R.P., Vallega G., Wharton J., Vinten J., Tranum-Jensen J., and Pilch P.F. Immunopurification and characterization of rat adipocyte caveolae suggest their dissociation from insulin signaling. J Biol Chem 278 (2003) 18321-18329
69. Karlsson M., Thorn H., Danielsson A., Stenkula K.G., Ost A., Gustavsson J., et al. Colocalization of insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1 to caveolae in primary human adipocytes. Cholesterol depletion blocks insulin signalling for metabolic and mitogenic control. Eur J Biochem 271 (2004) 2471-2479
70. Foti M., Porcheron G., Fournier M., Maeder C., and Carpentier J.L. The neck of caveolae is a distinct plasma membrane subdomain that concentrates insulin receptors in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104 (2007) 1242-1247
71. Smith R.M., Harada S., Smith J.A., Zhang S., and Jarett L. Insulin-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation cascade and signalling molecules are localized in a caveolin-enriched cell membrane domain. Cell Signal 10 (1998) 355-362
72. Balbis A., Baquiran G., Mounier C., and Posner B.I. Effect of insulin on caveolin-enriched membrane domains in rat liver. J Biol Chem 279 (2004) 39348-39357
73. Vainio S., Heino S., Mansson J.E., Fredman P., Kuismanen E., Vaarala O., et al. Dynamic association of human insulin receptor with lipid rafts in cells lacking caveolae. EMBO Rep 3 (2002) 95-100
74. Ishikawa Y., Otsu K., and Oshikawa J. Caveolin; different roles for insulin signal?. Cell Signal 17 (2005) 1175-1182
75. Cohen A.W., Combs T.P., Scherer P.E., and Lisanti M.P. Role of caveolin and caveolae in insulin signaling and diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 285 (2003) E1151-E1160
76. Schwencke C., Braun-Dullaeus R.C., Wunderlich C., and Strasser R.H. Caveolae and caveolin in transmembrane signaling: implications for human disease. Cardiovasc Res 70 (2006) 42-49
77. Parpal S., Karlsson M., Thorn H., and Stralfors P. Cholesterol depletion disrupts caveolae and insulin receptor signaling for metabolic control via insulin receptor substrate-1, but not for mitogen-activated protein kinase control. J Biol Chem 276 (2001) 9670-9678
78. Grigsby R.J., and Dobrowsky R.T. Inhibition of ceramide production reverses TNF-induced insulin resistance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 287 (2001) 1121-1124
79. Kabayama K., Sato T., Kitamura F., Uemura S., Kang B.W., Igarashi Y., et al. TNFalpha-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes as a membrane microdomain disorder: involvement of ganglioside GM3. Glycobiology 15 (2005) 21-29
80. Hannun Y.A., and Luberto C. Ceramide in the eukaryotic stress response. Trends Cell Biol 10 (2000) 73-80
81. Stratford S., Hoehn K.L., Liu F., and Summers S.A. Regulation of insulin action by ceramide: dual mechanisms linking ceramide accumulation to the inhibition of Akt/protein kinase B. J Biol Chem 279 (2004) 33615-36608
82. Holland W.L., and Summers S.A. Sphingolipids, insulin resistance, and metabolic disease: new insights from in vivo manipulation of sphingolipid metabolism. Endocr Rev 29 (2008) 381-402
83. Sabin M.A., Stewart C.E., Crowne E.C., Turner S.J., Hunt L.P., Welsh G.I., et al. Fatty acid-induced defects in insulin signalling, in myotubes derived from children, are related to ceramide production from palmitate rather than the accumulation of intramyocellular lipid. J Cell Physiol 211 (2007) 244-252
84. Chavez J.A., Knotts T.A., Wang L.P., Li G., Dobrowsky R.T., Florant G.L., et al. A role for ceramide, but not diacylglycerol, in the antagonism of insulin signal transduction by saturated fatty acids. J Biol Chem 278 (2003) 10297-10303
85. Powell D.J., Turban S., Gray A., Hajduch E., and Hundal H.S. Intracellular ceramide synthesis and protein kinase Czeta activation play an essential role in palmitate-induced insulin resistance in rat L6 skeletal muscle cells. Biochem J 382 (2004) 619-629
86. Pickersgill L., Litherland G.J., Greenberg A.S., Walker M., and Yeaman S.J. Key role for ceramides in mediating insulin resistance in human muscle cells. J Biol Chem 282 (2007) 12583-12589
87. Chavez J.A., Holland W.L., Bar J., Sandhoff K., and Summers S.A. Acid ceramidase overexpression prevents the inhibitory effects of saturated fatty acids on insulin signaling. J Biol Chem 280 (2005) 20148-20153
88. Summers S.A., Garza L.A., Zhou H., and Birnbaum M.J. Regulation of insulin-stimulated glucose transporter GLUT4 translocation and Akt kinase activity by ceramide. Mol Cell Biol 18 (1998) 5457-5464
89. Brindley D.N., Wang C.N., Mei J., Xu J., and Hanna A.N. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and ceramides in insulin resistance. Lipids 34 (1999) S85-S88
90. Long S.D., and Pekala P.H. Lipid mediators of insulin resistance: ceramide signalling down-regulates GLUT4 gene transcription in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biochem J 319 (1996) 179-184
91. Turinsky J., O'Sullivan D.M., and Bayly B.P. 1,2-Diacylglycerol and ceramide levels in insulin-resistant tissues of the rat in vivo. J Biol Chem 265 (1990) 16880-16885
92. Holland W.L., Brozinick J.T., Wang L.P., Hawkins E.D., Sargent K.M., Liu Y., et al. Inhibition of ceramide synthesis ameliorates glucocorticoid-, saturated-fat-, and obesity-induced insulin resistance. Cell Metab 5 (2007) 167-179
93. Lee J.S., Pinnamaneni S.K., Eo S.J., Cho I.H., Pyo J.H., Kim C.K., et al. Saturated, but not n-6 polyunsaturated, fatty acids induce insulin resistance: role of intramuscular accumulation of lipid metabolites. J Appl Physiol 100 (2006) 1467-1474
94. Aerts J.M., Ottenhoff R., Powlson A.S., Grefhorst A., van Eijk M., Dubbelhuis P.F., et al. Pharmacological inhibition of glucosylceramide synthase enhances insulin sensitivity. Diabetes 56 (2007) 1341-1349
95. Zhao H., Przybylska M., Wu I.H., Zhang J., Siegel C., Komarnitsky S., et al. Inhibiting glycosphingolipid synthesis improves glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in animal models of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 56 (2007) 1210-1218
96. Planavila A., Alegret M., Sanchez R.M., Rodriguez-Calvo R., Laguna J.C., and Vazquez-Carrera M. Increased Akt protein expression is associated with decreased ceramide content in skeletal muscle of troglitazone-treated mice. Biochem Pharmacol 69 (2005) 1195-1204
97. Adams J.M., Pratipanawatr T., Berria R., Wang E., de Fronzo R.A., Sullards M.C., et al. Ceramide content is increased in skeletal muscle from obese insulin-resistant humans. Diabetes 53 (2004) 25-31
98. Straczkowski M., Kowalska I., Baranowski M., Nikolajuk A., Otziomek E., Zabielski P., et al. Increased skeletal muscle ceramide level in men at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 50 (2007) 2366-2373
99. Skovbro M., Baranowski M., Skov-Jensen C., Flint A., Dela F., Gorski J., et al. Human skeletal muscle ceramide content is not a major factor in muscle insulin sensitivity. Diabetologia 51 (2008) 1253-1260
100. Straczkowski M., Kowalska I., Nikolajuk A., Dzienis-Straczkowska S., Kinalska I., Baranowski M., et al. Relationship between insulin sensitivity and sphingomyelin signaling pathway in human skeletal muscle. Diabetes 53 (2004) 1215-1221
101. Serlie M.J., Meijer A.J., Groener J.E., Duran M., Endert E., Fliers E., et al. Short-term manipulation of plasma free fatty acids does not change skeletal muscle concentrations of ceramide and glucosylceramide in lean and overweight subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92 (2007) 1524-1529
102. Boden G. Ceramide: a contributor to insulin resistance or an innocent bystander?. Diabetologia 51 (2008) 1095-1096
103. Nojiri H., Stroud M., and Hakomori S. A specific type of ganglioside as a modulator of insulin-dependent cell growth and insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity. Possible association of ganglioside-induced inhibition of insulin receptor function and monocytic differentiation induction in HL-60 cells. J Biol Chem 266 (1991) 4531-4537
104. Tagami S., Inokuchi J.J., Kabayama K., Yoshimura H., Kitamura F., Uemura S., et al. Ganglioside GM3 participates in the pathological conditions of insulin resistance. J Biol Chem 277 (2002) 3085-3092
105. Kabayama K., Sato T., Saito K., Loberto N., Prinetti A., Sonnino S., et al. Dissociation of the insulin receptor and caveolin-1 complex by ganglioside GM3 in the state of insulin resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104 (2007) 13678-13683
106. Yamashita T., Hashiramoto A., Haluzik M., Mizukami H., Beck S., Norton A., et al. Enhanced insulin sensitivity in mice lacking ganglioside GM3. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 (2003) 3445-3449
107. Yoshizumi S., Suzuki S., Hirai M., Hinokio Y., Yamada T., Yamada Y., et al. Increased hepatic expression of ganglioside-specific sialidase, NEU3, improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in mice. Metabolism 56 (2007) 420-429
108. Sasaki A., Hata K., Suzuki S., Sawada M., Wada T., Yamaguchi K., et al. Overexpression of plasma membrane-associated sialidase attenuates insulin signaling in transgenic mice. J Biol Chem 278 (2003) 27896-27902
109. Samad F., Hester K.D., Yang G., Hannun Y.A., and Bielawski J. Altered adipose and plasma sphingolipid metabolism in obesity: a potential mechanism for cardiovascular and metabolic risk. Diabetes 55 (2006) 2579-2587
110. Sato T., Nihei Y., Nagafuku M., Tagami S., Chin R., Kawamura M., et al. Circulating levels of ganglioside GM3 in metabolic syndrome: a pilot study. Obes Res Clin Pract 2 (2008) 231-238
111. Ghauharali-van der Vlugt K., Langeveld M., Poppema A., Kuiper S., Hollak C.E., Aerts J.M., et al. Prominent increase in plasma ganglioside GM3 is associated with clinical manifestations of type I Gaucher disease. Clin Chim Acta 389 (2008) 109-113
112. Langeveld M., Ghauharali K.J., Sauerwein H.P., Ackermans M.T., Groener J.E., Hollak C.E., et al. Type I Gaucher disease, a glycosphingolipid storage disorder, is associated with insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93 (2008) 845-851
113. Greenfield V., Cheung O., and Sanyal A.J. Recent advances in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Curr Opin Gastroen 24 (2008) 320-327
114. Wiegmann K., Schutze S., Machleidt T., Witte D., and Kronke M. Functional dichotomy of neutral and acidic sphingomyelinases in tumor necrosis factor signaling. Cell 78 (1994) 1005-1015
115. Csehi S.B., Mathieu S., Seifert U., Lange A., Zweyer M., Wernig A., et al. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) interferes with insulin signaling through the p55 TNF receptor death domain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 329 (2005) 397-405
116. Meyer S.G., and de Groot H. Cycloserine and threo-dihydrosphingosine inhibit TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity: evidence for the importance of de novo ceramide synthesis in TNF-alpha signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta 1643 (2003) 1-4
117. Markotic A., Lumen R., Marusic A., Jonjic S., and Muthing J. Ganglioside expression in tissues of mice lacking the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1. Carbohydr Res 321 (1999) 75-87
118. Qi D., and Rodrigues B. Glucocorticoids produce whole body insulin resistance with changes in cardiac metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 292 (2007) E654-E667
119. Walker B.R., and Andrew R. Tissue production of cortisol by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and metabolic disease. Ann NY Acad Sci 1083 (2006) 165-184
120. van Eijk M., Aten J., Bijl N., et al. Reducing glycosphingolipid content in adipose tissue of obese mice restores insulin sensitivity, adipogenesis and reduces inflammation. PLoS ONE. 4 3 (2009) e4723
121. Park T.S., Panek R.L., Mueller S.B., Khil L.Y., Jun H.S., Yoon J.W., et al. Inhibition of sphingomyelin synthesis reduces atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice. Circulation 110 (2004) 3465-3471
122. Hojjati M.R., Li Z., Zhou H., Tang S., Huan C., Ooi E., et al. Effect of myriocin on plasma sphingolipid metabolism and atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice. J Biol Chem 280 (2005) 10284-10289
123. Glaros E.N., Kim W.S., Quinn C.M., Jessup W., Rye K.A., and Garner B. Myriocin slows the progression of established atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E gene knockout mice. J Lipid Res 49 (2008) 324-331
124. Cox T., Lachmann R., Hollak C., Aerts J., van Weely S., Hrebícek M., et al. Novel oral treatment of Gaucher's disease with N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (OGT 918) to decrease substrate biosynthesis. Lancet 355 9214 (2000) 1481-1485
125. Platt F.M., Jeyakumar M., Andersson U., Priestman D.A., Dwek R.A., Butters T.D., et al. Inhibition of substrate synthesis as a strategy for glycolipid lysosomal storage disease therapy. J Inherit Metab Dis 24 (2001) 275-290
126. Aerts J.M., Hollak C.E., Boot R.G., Groener J.E., and Maas M. Substrate reduction therapy of glycosphingolipid storage disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis 29 (2006) 449-456
127. Elstein D., Dweck A., Attias D., Hadas-Halpern I., Zevin S., Altarescu G., et al. Oral maintenance clinical trial with miglustat for type I Gaucher disease: switch from or combination with intravenous enzyme replacement. Blood 110 (2007) 2296-2301