메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 38, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 303-317

Advances in Type 1 Diabetes Therapeutics: Immunomodulation and β-Cell Salvage

Author keywords

cell; Autoimmunity; Immune therapy; Type 1 diabetes

Indexed keywords

DIAPEP277 PEPTIDE; GLUTAMATE DECARBOXYLASE 65; INSULIN; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY CD3; NICOTINAMIDE; PEPTIDE; RAPAMYCIN; RITUXIMAB; TACROLIMUS; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 62749168302     PISSN: 08898529     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2009.01.005     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (18)

References (110)
  • 2
    • 0033429304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World wide increase in the incidence of Type 1 diabetes-analysis of the data on published incidence trends
    • Onkamo P., Vaananen S., Karvonen M., et al. World wide increase in the incidence of Type 1 diabetes-analysis of the data on published incidence trends. Diabetologia 42 (1999) 1395-1403
    • (1999) Diabetologia , vol.42 , pp. 1395-1403
    • Onkamo, P.1    Vaananen, S.2    Karvonen, M.3
  • 3
    • 0033744232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of 20 years of prospective registration of childhood onset diabetes time trends and birth cohort effects. Swedish Childhood Study Group
    • Dahlquist G., and Mustonen L. Analysis of 20 years of prospective registration of childhood onset diabetes time trends and birth cohort effects. Swedish Childhood Study Group. Acta Paediatr 89 (2000) 1231-1237
    • (2000) Acta Paediatr , vol.89 , pp. 1231-1237
    • Dahlquist, G.1    Mustonen, L.2
  • 4
    • 0036580691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incidence of type 1 diabetes in the age group 0-39 years has not increased in Antwerp (Belgium) between 1989 and 2000
    • Weet I., De Leeuw I.H., Du Caju M.V., et al. The incidence of type 1 diabetes in the age group 0-39 years has not increased in Antwerp (Belgium) between 1989 and 2000. Diabetes Care 25 (2002) 840-846
    • (2002) Diabetes Care , vol.25 , pp. 840-846
    • Weet, I.1    De Leeuw, I.H.2    Du Caju, M.V.3
  • 5
    • 0003514452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at:
    • World Health Organization. Available at: (Accessed December 1, 2008). http://www.who.int/en
    • (2008) World Health Organization
  • 6
    • 21244454753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ADA Outstanding Scientific Achievement Lecture 2004. Thirty years of investigating the autoimmune basis for type 1 diabetes: why can't we prevent or reverse this disease?
    • Atkinson M.A. ADA Outstanding Scientific Achievement Lecture 2004. Thirty years of investigating the autoimmune basis for type 1 diabetes: why can't we prevent or reverse this disease?. Diabetes 54 (2005) 1253-1263
    • (2005) Diabetes , vol.54 , pp. 1253-1263
    • Atkinson, M.A.1
  • 7
    • 10744229777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin secretion in type 1 diabetes
    • Steele C., Hagopian W.A., Gitelman S., et al. Insulin secretion in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 53 2 (2004) 426-433
    • (2004) Diabetes , vol.53 , Issue.2 , pp. 426-433
    • Steele, C.1    Hagopian, W.A.2    Gitelman, S.3
  • 8
    • 0031423760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nonobese diabetic mouse as a model of autoimmune diabetes: immune dysregulation gets the NOD
    • Delovitch T.L., and Singh B. The nonobese diabetic mouse as a model of autoimmune diabetes: immune dysregulation gets the NOD. Immunity 7 6 (1997) 727-738
    • (1997) Immunity , vol.7 , Issue.6 , pp. 727-738
    • Delovitch, T.L.1    Singh, B.2
  • 9
    • 0035061420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The regulatory role of DR4 in a spontaneous diabetes DQ8 transgenic model
    • Wen L., Chen N.Y., Tang J., et al. The regulatory role of DR4 in a spontaneous diabetes DQ8 transgenic model. J Clin Invest 107 7 (2001) 871-880
    • (2001) J Clin Invest , vol.107 , Issue.7 , pp. 871-880
    • Wen, L.1    Chen, N.Y.2    Tang, J.3
  • 10
    • 16244371700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human leukocyte antigen-DQ8 transgenic mice: a model to examine the toxicity of aerosolized staphylococcal enterotoxin B
    • Roy C.J., Warfield K.L., Welcher B.C., et al. Human leukocyte antigen-DQ8 transgenic mice: a model to examine the toxicity of aerosolized staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Infect Immun 73 4 (2005) 2452-2460
    • (2005) Infect Immun , vol.73 , Issue.4 , pp. 2452-2460
    • Roy, C.J.1    Warfield, K.L.2    Welcher, B.C.3
  • 11
    • 0028006398 scopus 로고
    • Beta 2-microglobulin-deficient NOD mice do not develop insulitis or diabetes
    • Wicker L.S., Leiter E.H., Todd J.A., et al. Beta 2-microglobulin-deficient NOD mice do not develop insulitis or diabetes. Diabetes 43 3 (1994) 500-504
    • (1994) Diabetes , vol.43 , Issue.3 , pp. 500-504
    • Wicker, L.S.1    Leiter, E.H.2    Todd, J.A.3
  • 12
    • 0942264435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of B lymphocytes as key antigen-presenting cells in the development of T cell-mediated autoimmune type 1 diabetes
    • Serreze D.V., and Silveira P.A. The role of B lymphocytes as key antigen-presenting cells in the development of T cell-mediated autoimmune type 1 diabetes. Curr Dir Autoimmun 6 (2003) 212-227
    • (2003) Curr Dir Autoimmun , vol.6 , pp. 212-227
    • Serreze, D.V.1    Silveira, P.A.2
  • 13
    • 0025951776 scopus 로고
    • Insulitis in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in man-macrophages, lymphocytes, and interferon-gamma containing cells
    • Foulis A.K., McGill M., and Farquharson M.A. Insulitis in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in man-macrophages, lymphocytes, and interferon-gamma containing cells. J Pathol 165 2 (1991) 97-103
    • (1991) J Pathol , vol.165 , Issue.2 , pp. 97-103
    • Foulis, A.K.1    McGill, M.2    Farquharson, M.A.3
  • 14
    • 0027361654 scopus 로고
    • Mononuclear cell infiltration and its relation to the expression of major histocompatibility complex antigens and adhesion molecules in pancreas biopsy specimens from newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients
    • Itoh N., Hanafusa T., Miyazaki A., et al. Mononuclear cell infiltration and its relation to the expression of major histocompatibility complex antigens and adhesion molecules in pancreas biopsy specimens from newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients. J Clin Invest 92 (1993) 2313-2322
    • (1993) J Clin Invest , vol.92 , pp. 2313-2322
    • Itoh, N.1    Hanafusa, T.2    Miyazaki, A.3
  • 15
    • 34247627376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coxsackie B4 virus infection of beta cells and natural killer cell insulitis in recent-onset type 1 diabetic patients
    • Dotta F., Censini S., van Halteren A.G., et al. Coxsackie B4 virus infection of beta cells and natural killer cell insulitis in recent-onset type 1 diabetic patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104 12 (2007) 5115-5120
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.104 , Issue.12 , pp. 5115-5120
    • Dotta, F.1    Censini, S.2    van Halteren, A.G.3
  • 16
    • 13144265739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide association studies: theoretical and practical concerns
    • Wang W.Y., Barratt B.J., Clayton D.G., et al. Genome-wide association studies: theoretical and practical concerns. Nat Rev Genet 6 2 (2005) 109-118
    • (2005) Nat Rev Genet , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 109-118
    • Wang, W.Y.1    Barratt, B.J.2    Clayton, D.G.3
  • 17
    • 34347341846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robust associations of four new chromosome regions from genome-wide analyses of type 1 diabetes
    • Todd J.A., Walker N.M., Cooper J.D., et al. Robust associations of four new chromosome regions from genome-wide analyses of type 1 diabetes. Nat Genet 39 7 (2007) 857-864
    • (2007) Nat Genet , vol.39 , Issue.7 , pp. 857-864
    • Todd, J.A.1    Walker, N.M.2    Cooper, J.D.3
  • 18
    • 18744385526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expanded T cells from pancreatic lymph nodes of type 1 diabetic subjects recognize the insulin epitope
    • Kent S.C., Chen Y., Bregoli L., et al. Expanded T cells from pancreatic lymph nodes of type 1 diabetic subjects recognize the insulin epitope. Nature 435 (2005) 224-228
    • (2005) Nature , vol.435 , pp. 224-228
    • Kent, S.C.1    Chen, Y.2    Bregoli, L.3
  • 19
    • 27744524215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The insulin A-chain epitope recognized by human T cells is post translationally modified
    • Mannering S.I., Harrison L.C., Williamson N.A., et al. The insulin A-chain epitope recognized by human T cells is post translationally modified. J Exp Med 202 (2005) 1191-1197
    • (2005) J Exp Med , vol.202 , pp. 1191-1197
    • Mannering, S.I.1    Harrison, L.C.2    Williamson, N.A.3
  • 20
    • 18744366947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prime role for an insulin epitope in the development of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice
    • Nakayama M., Abiru N., Moriyama H., et al. Prime role for an insulin epitope in the development of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. Nature 435 7039 (2005) 220-223
    • (2005) Nature , vol.435 , Issue.7039 , pp. 220-223
    • Nakayama, M.1    Abiru, N.2    Moriyama, H.3
  • 21
    • 34247101086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular and molecular pathogenesis of type 1A diabetes
    • Jahromi M.M., and Eisenbarth G.S. Cellular and molecular pathogenesis of type 1A diabetes. Cell Mol Life Sci 64 (2007) 865-872
    • (2007) Cell Mol Life Sci , vol.64 , pp. 865-872
    • Jahromi, M.M.1    Eisenbarth, G.S.2
  • 22
    • 44449148889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmunity to both proinsulin and IGRP is required for diabetes in nonobese diabetic 8.3 TCR transgenic mice
    • Krishnamurthy B., Mariana L., Gellert S.A., et al. Autoimmunity to both proinsulin and IGRP is required for diabetes in nonobese diabetic 8.3 TCR transgenic mice. J Immunol 180 7 (2008) 4458-4464
    • (2008) J Immunol , vol.180 , Issue.7 , pp. 4458-4464
    • Krishnamurthy, B.1    Mariana, L.2    Gellert, S.A.3
  • 23
    • 40249120466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standards of medical care in diabetes-2008
    • American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2008. Diabetes Care 31 (2008) S12-S54
    • (2008) Diabetes Care , vol.31
    • American Diabetes Association1
  • 24
    • 0027370108 scopus 로고
    • The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 329 (1993) 977-986
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.329 , pp. 977-986
    • Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group1
  • 25
    • 0038323914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regression of microalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes
    • Perkin B.A., Ficocrello L.H., Silva K.H., et al. Regression of microalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med 348 (2003) 2085-2093
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 2085-2093
    • Perkin, B.A.1    Ficocrello, L.H.2    Silva, K.H.3
  • 26
    • 0031006603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
    • Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. Hypoglycemia in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes 46 2 (1997) 271-286
    • (1997) Diabetes , vol.46 , Issue.2 , pp. 271-286
    • Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group1
  • 27
    • 0032496876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of excessive weight gain with insulin therapy of type 1 diabetes on lipid levels and blood pressure: results from the DCCT. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
    • Purnell J.Q., Hokanson J.E., Marcovina S.M., et al. Effect of excessive weight gain with insulin therapy of type 1 diabetes on lipid levels and blood pressure: results from the DCCT. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. JAMA 280 (1998) 140-146
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.280 , pp. 140-146
    • Purnell, J.Q.1    Hokanson, J.E.2    Marcovina, S.M.3
  • 28
    • 0035514022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limitations of conventional methods of self monitoring of blood glucose: lessons learned from three days of continuous glucose sensing in paediatric patients with type 1 diabetes
    • Boland E., Monsod T., Delucia M., et al. Limitations of conventional methods of self monitoring of blood glucose: lessons learned from three days of continuous glucose sensing in paediatric patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 24 11 (2001) 1858-1862
    • (2001) Diabetes Care , vol.24 , Issue.11 , pp. 1858-1862
    • Boland, E.1    Monsod, T.2    Delucia, M.3
  • 29
    • 0036085788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type IA diabetes mellitus-associated autoimmunity
    • vii-viii
    • Liu E., and Eisenbarth G.S. Type IA diabetes mellitus-associated autoimmunity. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 31 (2002) 391-410 vii-viii
    • (2002) Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am , vol.31 , pp. 391-410
    • Liu, E.1    Eisenbarth, G.S.2
  • 30
    • 56249130403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a curative therapy in type 1 diabetes: remission of autoimmunity, maintenance and augmentation of β cell mass. 2007 Defining Optimal Immunotherapies for Type 1 Diabetes
    • Waldron-Lynch F., von Herrath M., and Herold K.C. Towards a curative therapy in type 1 diabetes: remission of autoimmunity, maintenance and augmentation of β cell mass. 2007 Defining Optimal Immunotherapies for Type 1 Diabetes. Novartis Found Symp 292 (2009) 146-155
    • (2009) Novartis Found Symp , vol.292 , pp. 146-155
    • Waldron-Lynch, F.1    von Herrath, M.2    Herold, K.C.3
  • 31
    • 34848894301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rational development of antigen-specific therapies for type 1 diabetes
    • Fousteri G., Bresson, and von Herrath M. Rational development of antigen-specific therapies for type 1 diabetes. Adv Exp Med Biol 601 (2007) 313-319
    • (2007) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.601 , pp. 313-319
    • Fousteri, G.1    Bresson, von Herrath, M.2
  • 32
    • 10744226541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory T cells and dendritic cells in transplantation tolerance: molecular markers and mechanisms
    • Cobbold S.P., Nolan K.F., Graca L., et al. Regulatory T cells and dendritic cells in transplantation tolerance: molecular markers and mechanisms. Immunol Rev 196 (2003) 109-124
    • (2003) Immunol Rev , vol.196 , pp. 109-124
    • Cobbold, S.P.1    Nolan, K.F.2    Graca, L.3
  • 33
    • 34047097525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New reagents on the horizon for immune tolerance
    • St. Clair E.M., Turka L.A., Saxon A., et al. New reagents on the horizon for immune tolerance. Annu Rev Med 58 (2007) 329-346
    • (2007) Annu Rev Med , vol.58 , pp. 329-346
    • St. Clair, E.M.1    Turka, L.A.2    Saxon, A.3
  • 34
    • 14644388075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dominant tolerance: activation thresholds for peripheral generation of regulatory T cells
    • Graca L., Chen T.C., Le Moine A., et al. Dominant tolerance: activation thresholds for peripheral generation of regulatory T cells. Trends Immunol 26 (2005) 131-135
    • (2005) Trends Immunol , vol.26 , pp. 131-135
    • Graca, L.1    Chen, T.C.2    Le Moine, A.3
  • 35
    • 34447542181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 1 diabetes intervention trials 2007: where are we and where are we going?
    • Haller M.J., Gottieb P.A., and Schatz D.A. Type 1 diabetes intervention trials 2007: where are we and where are we going?. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 14 (2007) 283-287
    • (2007) Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes , vol.14 , pp. 283-287
    • Haller, M.J.1    Gottieb, P.A.2    Schatz, D.A.3
  • 36
    • 34249032122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are insights gained from NOD mice sufficient to guide clinical translation?
    • Roep B.O. Are insights gained from NOD mice sufficient to guide clinical translation?. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1103 (2007) 1-10
    • (2007) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.1103 , pp. 1-10
    • Roep, B.O.1
  • 37
    • 0027480065 scopus 로고
    • Insulin prophylaxis in individuals at high risk of type 1 diabetes
    • Keller R.J., Eisenbarth G.S., and Jackson R.A. Insulin prophylaxis in individuals at high risk of type 1 diabetes. Lancet 341 (1993) 927-928
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.341 , pp. 927-928
    • Keller, R.J.1    Eisenbarth, G.S.2    Jackson, R.A.3
  • 38
    • 0031976734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delay of type 1 diabetes in high risk, first degree relatives by parental antigen administration: the Schwabling Insulin Prophylaxis Pilot Trial
    • Fuchtenbusch M., Rabl W., Grassi B., et al. Delay of type 1 diabetes in high risk, first degree relatives by parental antigen administration: the Schwabling Insulin Prophylaxis Pilot Trial. Diabetologia 41 (1998) 536-541
    • (1998) Diabetologia , vol.41 , pp. 536-541
    • Fuchtenbusch, M.1    Rabl, W.2    Grassi, B.3
  • 39
    • 18144391496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of oral insulin in relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1
    • Skyler J.S., Krischer J.P., Wolfsorf J., et al. Effects of oral insulin in relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1. Diabetes Care 28 (2005) 1068-1076
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 1068-1076
    • Skyler, J.S.1    Krischer, J.P.2    Wolfsorf, J.3
  • 40
    • 62749127388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at: Accessed December 1, 2008
    • Available at:. http://www.diabetestrialnet.org Accessed December 1, 2008
  • 41
    • 4644230843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pancreatic beta-cell function and immune responses to insulin after administration of intranasal insulin to humans at risk for type 1 diabetes
    • Harrison L.C., Honeyman M.C., Steele C.E., et al. Pancreatic beta-cell function and immune responses to insulin after administration of intranasal insulin to humans at risk for type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 27 10 (2004) 2348-2355
    • (2004) Diabetes Care , vol.27 , Issue.10 , pp. 2348-2355
    • Harrison, L.C.1    Honeyman, M.C.2    Steele, C.E.3
  • 42
    • 62749162748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at: Accessed December 1, 2008
    • Available at:. http://www.thegeorgeinstitute.org Accessed December 1, 2008
  • 43
    • 0036498093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiodies against different epitopes of heat shock protein 60 in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
    • Horvath L., Cervenak L., Orosazlan M., et al. Antibiodies against different epitopes of heat shock protein 60 in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Immunol Lett 80 3 (2002) 155-162
    • (2002) Immunol Lett , vol.80 , Issue.3 , pp. 155-162
    • Horvath, L.1    Cervenak, L.2    Orosazlan, M.3
  • 44
    • 0026699473 scopus 로고
    • Secretory granule autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is related to 62 kDa heat-shock protein (hsp60)
    • Brudzynski K., Martinez V., and Gupta R.S. Secretory granule autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is related to 62 kDa heat-shock protein (hsp60). J Autoimmun 5 4 (1992) 453-463
    • (1992) J Autoimmun , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 453-463
    • Brudzynski, K.1    Martinez, V.2    Gupta, R.S.3
  • 45
    • 0036035624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peptide therapy for type 1 diabetes: the immunological homunculus and the rational for vaccination
    • Cohen I.R. Peptide therapy for type 1 diabetes: the immunological homunculus and the rational for vaccination. Diabetologia 45 (2002) 1468-1474
    • (2002) Diabetologia , vol.45 , pp. 1468-1474
    • Cohen, I.R.1
  • 46
    • 4143123430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal administration of DiaPep277 combined with hydrolysed casein diet, protects against Type 1 diabetes in BB-DP rat. An experimental study
    • Brugman S., Klatter F.A., Visser J., et al. Neonatal administration of DiaPep277 combined with hydrolysed casein diet, protects against Type 1 diabetes in BB-DP rat. An experimental study. Diabetologia 47 7 (2004) 1331-1333
    • (2004) Diabetologia , vol.47 , Issue.7 , pp. 1331-1333
    • Brugman, S.1    Klatter, F.A.2    Visser, J.3
  • 47
    • 14844347311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heat shock protein 60 inhibits Th1-mediated hepatitis model via innate regulation of Th1/Th2 transcription factors and cytokines
    • Zanin-Zhorov A., Bruck R., Tal G., et al. Heat shock protein 60 inhibits Th1-mediated hepatitis model via innate regulation of Th1/Th2 transcription factors and cytokines. J Immunol 174 6 (2005) 3227-3236
    • (2005) J Immunol , vol.174 , Issue.6 , pp. 3227-3236
    • Zanin-Zhorov, A.1    Bruck, R.2    Tal, G.3
  • 48
    • 33748988721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peptide p277 of HSP60 signals T cells: inhibition of inflammatory chemotaxis
    • Nussbaum G., Zanin-Zhorov A., Quintana F., et al. Peptide p277 of HSP60 signals T cells: inhibition of inflammatory chemotaxis. Int Immunol 18 (2006) 1413-1419
    • (2006) Int Immunol , vol.18 , pp. 1413-1419
    • Nussbaum, G.1    Zanin-Zhorov, A.2    Quintana, F.3
  • 49
    • 0035944844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta cell function in new-onset type 1 diabetes and immunomodulation with heat-shock protein peptide (DiaPep277): a randomised, double-blind, phase II trial
    • Raz I., Elias D., Avron A., et al. Beta cell function in new-onset type 1 diabetes and immunomodulation with heat-shock protein peptide (DiaPep277): a randomised, double-blind, phase II trial. Lancet 358 (2001) 1749-1753
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 1749-1753
    • Raz, I.1    Elias, D.2    Avron, A.3
  • 50
    • 34249812097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of new-onset type 1 diabetes with peptide DiaPep277 is safe and associated with preserved beta-cell function: extension of a randomised, double-blind, phase II trial
    • Elias D., Raz I., Avron A., et al. Treatment of new-onset type 1 diabetes with peptide DiaPep277 is safe and associated with preserved beta-cell function: extension of a randomised, double-blind, phase II trial. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 23 (2007) 292-298
    • (2007) Diabetes Metab Res Rev , vol.23 , pp. 292-298
    • Elias, D.1    Raz, I.2    Avron, A.3
  • 51
    • 34249825219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapy with the hsp60 peptide DiaPep277 in C-peptide positive type 1 diabetes patients
    • Roep B., Huurman V., Decochez K., et al. Therapy with the hsp60 peptide DiaPep277 in C-peptide positive type 1 diabetes patients. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 23 (2007) 269-275
    • (2007) Diabetes Metab Res Rev , vol.23 , pp. 269-275
    • Roep, B.1    Huurman, V.2    Decochez, K.3
  • 52
    • 34249786263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of heat shock protein peptide DiaPep277 on β-cell function in paediatric and adult patients with recent-onset diabetes mellitus type 1: two prospective, randomised, double blind phase II trials
    • Schloot N., Meierhoff G., Lengyel C., et al. Effect of heat shock protein peptide DiaPep277 on β-cell function in paediatric and adult patients with recent-onset diabetes mellitus type 1: two prospective, randomised, double blind phase II trials. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 23 (2007) 276-285
    • (2007) Diabetes Metab Res Rev , vol.23 , pp. 276-285
    • Schloot, N.1    Meierhoff, G.2    Lengyel, C.3
  • 53
    • 34249820806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heat-shock protein peptide DiaPep277 treatment in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind phase II study
    • Lazar L., Ofan R., Weintrob N., et al. Heat-shock protein peptide DiaPep277 treatment in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind phase II study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 23 (2007) 286-291
    • (2007) Diabetes Metab Res Rev , vol.23 , pp. 286-291
    • Lazar, L.1    Ofan, R.2    Weintrob, N.3
  • 54
    • 0025039679 scopus 로고
    • Identification of the 64K autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes as the GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase
    • Baekkeskov S., Aanstoot H.J., Christgau S., et al. Identification of the 64K autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes as the GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase. Nature 347 (1990) 151-156
    • (1990) Nature , vol.347 , pp. 151-156
    • Baekkeskov, S.1    Aanstoot, H.J.2    Christgau, S.3
  • 55
    • 27844561478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GAD65 and proinsulin-specific CD4 + T cells detected by MHC class II tetramers in peripheral blood of type 1 diabetes patients and at-risk subjects
    • Oling V., Marttila J., Ilonen J., et al. GAD65 and proinsulin-specific CD4 + T cells detected by MHC class II tetramers in peripheral blood of type 1 diabetes patients and at-risk subjects. J Autoimmun 25 (2005) 235-243
    • (2005) J Autoimmun , vol.25 , pp. 235-243
    • Oling, V.1    Marttila, J.2    Ilonen, J.3
  • 56
    • 0029923430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nasal administration of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65) peptides induces Th2 responses and prevents murine insulin-dependent diabetes
    • Tian J., Atkinson M.A., Clare-Salzler M., et al. Nasal administration of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65) peptides induces Th2 responses and prevents murine insulin-dependent diabetes. J Exp Med 183 (1996) 1561-1567
    • (1996) J Exp Med , vol.183 , pp. 1561-1567
    • Tian, J.1    Atkinson, M.A.2    Clare-Salzler, M.3
  • 57
    • 16144361909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulating autoimmune responses to GAD inhibits disease progression and prolongs islet graft survival in diabetes-prone mice
    • Tian J., Clare-Salzler M., Herschenfeld A., et al. Modulating autoimmune responses to GAD inhibits disease progression and prolongs islet graft survival in diabetes-prone mice. Nat Med 2 12 (1996) 1348-1353
    • (1996) Nat Med , vol.2 , Issue.12 , pp. 1348-1353
    • Tian, J.1    Clare-Salzler, M.2    Herschenfeld, A.3
  • 58
    • 21344461521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical evidence for the safety of GAD65 immunomodulation in adult-onset autoimmune diabetes
    • Agardh C.D., Cilio C.M., Lethagen A., et al. Clinical evidence for the safety of GAD65 immunomodulation in adult-onset autoimmune diabetes. J Diabet Complications 19 (2005) 238-246
    • (2005) J Diabet Complications , vol.19 , pp. 238-246
    • Agardh, C.D.1    Cilio, C.M.2    Lethagen, A.3
  • 59
    • 62749134622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at: Accessed December 1, 2008
    • Available at:. http://www.diamyd.com Accessed December 1, 2008
  • 60
    • 0019945886 scopus 로고
    • Preventive and therapeutic effects of large-dose nicotinamide injections on diabetes associated with insulitis. An observation in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice
    • Yamada K., Nonaka K., Hanafusa T., et al. Preventive and therapeutic effects of large-dose nicotinamide injections on diabetes associated with insulitis. An observation in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. Diabetes 31 9 (1982) 749-753
    • (1982) Diabetes , vol.31 , Issue.9 , pp. 749-753
    • Yamada, K.1    Nonaka, K.2    Hanafusa, T.3
  • 61
    • 0025495693 scopus 로고
    • Early nicotinamide treatment in the NOD mouse: effects on diabetes and insulitis suppression and autoantibody levels
    • Reddy S., Bibby N.J., and Elliott R.B. Early nicotinamide treatment in the NOD mouse: effects on diabetes and insulitis suppression and autoantibody levels. Diabetes Res 15 (1990) 95-102
    • (1990) Diabetes Res , vol.15 , pp. 95-102
    • Reddy, S.1    Bibby, N.J.2    Elliott, R.B.3
  • 62
    • 1642277657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Nicotinamide Diabetes Intervention Trial (ENDIT): a randomised controlled trial if intervention before the onset of type 1 diabetes
    • European Nicotinamide Diabetes Intervention Trial (ENDIT) group. European Nicotinamide Diabetes Intervention Trial (ENDIT): a randomised controlled trial if intervention before the onset of type 1 diabetes. Lancet 363 (2004) 925-931
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , pp. 925-931
    • European Nicotinamide Diabetes Intervention Trial (ENDIT) group1
  • 63
    • 2942703755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of nicotinamide and vitamin E in children with recent onset type 1 diabetes (IMDIAB IX)
    • Crino A., Schiaffinin R., Manfrini S., et al. A randomized trial of nicotinamide and vitamin E in children with recent onset type 1 diabetes (IMDIAB IX). Eur J Endocrinol 150 (2004) 719-724
    • (2004) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.150 , pp. 719-724
    • Crino, A.1    Schiaffinin, R.2    Manfrini, S.3
  • 64
    • 24944438390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A two year observational study of nicotinamide and intensive insulin therapy in patients with recent onset type 1 diabetes mellitus
    • Crino A., Schiaffini R., Ciampalini P., et al. A two year observational study of nicotinamide and intensive insulin therapy in patients with recent onset type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 18 (2005) 749-754
    • (2005) J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab , vol.18 , pp. 749-754
    • Crino, A.1    Schiaffini, R.2    Ciampalini, P.3
  • 65
    • 0028069299 scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial comparing nicotinamide and nicotinamide plus cyclosporin in recent onset insulin-dependent diabetes (IMDIAB 1). The IMDIAB Study Group
    • Pozzilli P., Visalli N., Boccuni M.L., et al. Randomized trial comparing nicotinamide and nicotinamide plus cyclosporin in recent onset insulin-dependent diabetes (IMDIAB 1). The IMDIAB Study Group. Diabet Med 11 (1994) 98-104
    • (1994) Diabet Med , vol.11 , pp. 98-104
    • Pozzilli, P.1    Visalli, N.2    Boccuni, M.L.3
  • 66
    • 0021359025 scopus 로고
    • Effects of cyclosporine immunosuppression in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus of recent onset
    • Stiller C.R., Dupre J., Gent M., et al. Effects of cyclosporine immunosuppression in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus of recent onset. Science 223 4643 (1984) 1362-1367
    • (1984) Science , vol.223 , Issue.4643 , pp. 1362-1367
    • Stiller, C.R.1    Dupre, J.2    Gent, M.3
  • 67
    • 0023601936 scopus 로고
    • Effects of cyclosporine in recent-onset juvenile type 1 diabetes: impact of age and duration of disease
    • Stiller C.R., Dupre J., Gent M., et al. Effects of cyclosporine in recent-onset juvenile type 1 diabetes: impact of age and duration of disease. J Pediatr 111 6 Pt 2 (1987) 1069-1072
    • (1987) J Pediatr , vol.111 , Issue.6 PART 2 , pp. 1069-1072
    • Stiller, C.R.1    Dupre, J.2    Gent, M.3
  • 68
    • 0023735943 scopus 로고
    • Immunosuppression with azathioprine and prednisone in recent-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Silverstein J., Maclaren N., Riley W., et al. Immunosuppression with azathioprine and prednisone in recent-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 319 10 (1988) 599-604
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.319 , Issue.10 , pp. 599-604
    • Silverstein, J.1    Maclaren, N.2    Riley, W.3
  • 69
    • 0023849461 scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with early remission of type I diabetes in children treated with cyclosporine
    • Bougneres P.F., Carel J.C., Castano L., et al. Factors associated with early remission of type I diabetes in children treated with cyclosporine. N Engl J Med 318 11 (1988) 663-670
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.318 , Issue.11 , pp. 663-670
    • Bougneres, P.F.1    Carel, J.C.2    Castano, L.3
  • 70
    • 0025049497 scopus 로고
    • Limited duration of remission of insulin dependency in children with recent overt type I diabetes treated with low-dose cyclosporin
    • Bougnères P.F., Landais P., Boisson C., et al. Limited duration of remission of insulin dependency in children with recent overt type I diabetes treated with low-dose cyclosporin. Diabetes 39 10 (1990) 1264-1272
    • (1990) Diabetes , vol.39 , Issue.10 , pp. 1264-1272
    • Bougnères, P.F.1    Landais, P.2    Boisson, C.3
  • 71
    • 0033009588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporine nephrotoxicity in type 1 diabetic patients. A 7-year follow-up study
    • Parving H.H., Tarnow L., Nielsen F.S., et al. Cyclosporine nephrotoxicity in type 1 diabetic patients. A 7-year follow-up study. Diabetes Care 22 3 (1999) 478-483
    • (1999) Diabetes Care , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 478-483
    • Parving, H.H.1    Tarnow, L.2    Nielsen, F.S.3
  • 72
    • 0019851727 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of acute renal allograft rejection with OKT3 monoclonal antibody
    • Cosimi A.B., Burton R.C., Colvin R.B., et al. Treatment of acute renal allograft rejection with OKT3 monoclonal antibody. Transplantation 32 (1981) 535-539
    • (1981) Transplantation , vol.32 , pp. 535-539
    • Cosimi, A.B.1    Burton, R.C.2    Colvin, R.B.3
  • 73
    • 62749170532 scopus 로고
    • Phase I study of an engineered aglycosylated humanized CD3 antibody in renal transplant rejection
    • Friend P.J., Hale G., Chatenoud L., et al. Phase I study of an engineered aglycosylated humanized CD3 antibody in renal transplant rejection. Transplantation 32 (1981) 535-539
    • (1981) Transplantation , vol.32 , pp. 535-539
    • Friend, P.J.1    Hale, G.2    Chatenoud, L.3
  • 74
    • 0030896612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonmitogenic anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies deliver a partial T cell receptor signal and induce clonal anergy
    • Smith J.A., Tso J.Y., Clark M.R., et al. Nonmitogenic anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies deliver a partial T cell receptor signal and induce clonal anergy. J Exp Med 185 (1997) 1413-1422
    • (1997) J Exp Med , vol.185 , pp. 1413-1422
    • Smith, J.A.1    Tso, J.Y.2    Clark, M.R.3
  • 75
    • 0020361983 scopus 로고
    • Human in vivo antigenic modulation induced by the anti-T cell OKT3 monoclonal antibody
    • Chatenoud L., Baudrihaye M.F., Kreis H., et al. Human in vivo antigenic modulation induced by the anti-T cell OKT3 monoclonal antibody. Eur J Immunol 12 11 (1982) 979-982
    • (1982) Eur J Immunol , vol.12 , Issue.11 , pp. 979-982
    • Chatenoud, L.1    Baudrihaye, M.F.2    Kreis, H.3
  • 76
    • 0027958044 scopus 로고
    • Anti-CD3 antibody induces long-term remission of overt autoimmunity in nonobese diabetic mice
    • Chatenoud L., Thervet E., Primo J., et al. Anti-CD3 antibody induces long-term remission of overt autoimmunity in nonobese diabetic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91 (1994) 123-127
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.91 , pp. 123-127
    • Chatenoud, L.1    Thervet, E.2    Primo, J.3
  • 77
    • 0031569177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD3 antibody-induced dominant self tolerance in overtly diabetic NOD mice
    • Chatenoud L., Primo J., and Bach J.F. CD3 antibody-induced dominant self tolerance in overtly diabetic NOD mice. J Immunol 158 (1997) 2947-2954
    • (1997) J Immunol , vol.158 , pp. 2947-2954
    • Chatenoud, L.1    Primo, J.2    Bach, J.F.3
  • 78
    • 0037314237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of human T cells by FcR nonbinding anti-CD3 mAb, hOKT3gamma1 (Ala-Ala)
    • Herold K.C., Burton J.B., Francois, et al. Activation of human T cells by FcR nonbinding anti-CD3 mAb, hOKT3gamma1 (Ala-Ala). J Clin Invest 111 (2003) 409-418
    • (2003) J Clin Invest , vol.111 , pp. 409-418
    • Herold, K.C.1    Burton, J.B.2    Francois3
  • 79
    • 0141796312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TGF-beta-dependent mechanisms mediate restoration of self-tolerance induced by antibodies to CD3 in overt autoimmune diabetes
    • Belghith M., Bluestone J.A., Barriot S., et al. TGF-beta-dependent mechanisms mediate restoration of self-tolerance induced by antibodies to CD3 in overt autoimmune diabetes. Nat Med 9 9 (2003) 1202-1208
    • (2003) Nat Med , vol.9 , Issue.9 , pp. 1202-1208
    • Belghith, M.1    Bluestone, J.A.2    Barriot, S.3
  • 80
    • 26444515022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TCR stimulation with modified anti-CD3 mAb expands CD8 T cell population and induces CD8CD25 Tregs
    • Bisikirska B., Colgan J., and Luban J. TCR stimulation with modified anti-CD3 mAb expands CD8 T cell population and induces CD8CD25 Tregs. J Clin Invest 115 10 (2005) 2904-2913
    • (2005) J Clin Invest , vol.115 , Issue.10 , pp. 2904-2913
    • Bisikirska, B.1    Colgan, J.2    Luban, J.3
  • 81
    • 34547204632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive TCG-β-dependent regulatory T cells control autoimmune diabetes and are a privileged target of anti-CD3 antibody treatment
    • You S., Leforban B., Garcia C., et al. Adaptive TCG-β-dependent regulatory T cells control autoimmune diabetes and are a privileged target of anti-CD3 antibody treatment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104 (2007) 6335-6340
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.104 , pp. 6335-6340
    • You, S.1    Leforban, B.2    Garcia, C.3
  • 82
    • 0037198420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody in new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus
    • Herold K.C., Hagopian W., Auger J.A., et al. Anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody in new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 346 22 (2002) 1692-1698
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , Issue.22 , pp. 1692-1698
    • Herold, K.C.1    Hagopian, W.2    Auger, J.A.3
  • 83
    • 20044375937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A single course of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody hOKT3{gamma}1(Ala-Ala) results in improvement in C-peptide responses and clinical parameters for at least 2 years after onset of type 1 diabetes
    • Herold K.C., Gitelman S.E., Masharani U., et al. A single course of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody hOKT3{gamma}1(Ala-Ala) results in improvement in C-peptide responses and clinical parameters for at least 2 years after onset of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 54 6 (2005) 1763-1769
    • (2005) Diabetes , vol.54 , Issue.6 , pp. 1763-1769
    • Herold, K.C.1    Gitelman, S.E.2    Masharani, U.3
  • 84
    • 20544443927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin needs after CD3-antibody therapy in new-onset type 1 diabetes
    • Keymeulen B., Vandemeulebroucke E., Ziegler A.G., et al. Insulin needs after CD3-antibody therapy in new-onset type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med 352 25 (2005) 2598-2608
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.352 , Issue.25 , pp. 2598-2608
    • Keymeulen, B.1    Vandemeulebroucke, E.2    Ziegler, A.G.3
  • 85
    • 34249012115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmunity and Beta cell regeneration in mouse and human type 1 diabetes: the peace is not enough
    • Ablamunits V., Sherry N.A., Kushner J.A., et al. Autoimmunity and Beta cell regeneration in mouse and human type 1 diabetes: the peace is not enough. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1103 (2007) 19-32
    • (2007) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.1103 , pp. 19-32
    • Ablamunits, V.1    Sherry, N.A.2    Kushner, J.A.3
  • 86
    • 36448978896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 1 diabetes as a relapsing-remitting disease?
    • Von Herrath M., Sanda S., and Herold K. Type 1 diabetes as a relapsing-remitting disease?. Nat Rev Immunol 7 (2007) 988-994
    • (2007) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.7 , pp. 988-994
    • Von Herrath, M.1    Sanda, S.2    Herold, K.3
  • 87
    • 34547230077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD3-specfic antibodies: a portal to the treatment of autoimmunity
    • Chatenoud L., and Bluestone J.A. CD3-specfic antibodies: a portal to the treatment of autoimmunity. Nat Rev Immunol 7 (2007) 622-632
    • (2007) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.7 , pp. 622-632
    • Chatenoud, L.1    Bluestone, J.A.2
  • 88
    • 33646392755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-CD3 and nasal proinsulin combination therapy enhances remission from recent-onset autoimmune diabetes by inducing Tregs
    • Bresson D., Togher L., Rodrigo E., et al. Anti-CD3 and nasal proinsulin combination therapy enhances remission from recent-onset autoimmune diabetes by inducing Tregs. J Clin Invest 116 (2006) 1371-1381
    • (2006) J Clin Invest , vol.116 , pp. 1371-1381
    • Bresson, D.1    Togher, L.2    Rodrigo, E.3
  • 89
    • 36849018546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B cell depletion: a novel therapy for autoimmune diabetes?
    • Bour-Jordan H., and Bluestone J.A. B cell depletion: a novel therapy for autoimmune diabetes?. J Clin Invest 117 12 (2007) 3642-3645
    • (2007) J Clin Invest , vol.117 , Issue.12 , pp. 3642-3645
    • Bour-Jordan, H.1    Bluestone, J.A.2
  • 90
    • 0034457490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perspective: postnatal pancreatic β cell growth
    • 1926-9
    • Bonner-Weir S. Perspective: postnatal pancreatic β cell growth. Endocrinology 141 (2000) 1926-9
    • (2000) Endocrinology , vol.141
    • Bonner-Weir, S.1
  • 91
    • 31844443761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rise and fall of insulin secretion in type 1 diabetes mellitus
    • Tsai E.B., Sherry N.A., Palmer J.P., et al. The rise and fall of insulin secretion in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 49 (2006) 261-270
    • (2006) Diabetologia , vol.49 , pp. 261-270
    • Tsai, E.B.1    Sherry, N.A.2    Palmer, J.P.3
  • 92
    • 33845523340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of autoimmunity and immune therapy on beta-cell turnover in type 1 diabetes
    • Sherry N.A., Kushner J.A., Glandt M., et al. Effects of autoimmunity and immune therapy on beta-cell turnover in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 55 (2006) 3238-3245
    • (2006) Diabetes , vol.55 , pp. 3238-3245
    • Sherry, N.A.1    Kushner, J.A.2    Glandt, M.3
  • 93
    • 1842865711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redefining the clinical remission period in children with type 1 diabetes
    • Chase H.P., MacKenzie T.A., Burdick J., et al. Redefining the clinical remission period in children with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 5 1 (2004) 16-19
    • (2004) Pediatr Diabetes , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 16-19
    • Chase, H.P.1    MacKenzie, T.A.2    Burdick, J.3
  • 94
    • 9144268894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-peptide is the appropriate outcome measure for type 1 diabetes clinical trials to preserve beta-cell function: report of an ADA workshop, 21-22 October 2001
    • Palmer J.P., Fleming G.A., Greenbaum C.J., et al. C-peptide is the appropriate outcome measure for type 1 diabetes clinical trials to preserve beta-cell function: report of an ADA workshop, 21-22 October 2001. Diabetes 53 1 (2004) 250-264
    • (2004) Diabetes , vol.53 , Issue.1 , pp. 250-264
    • Palmer, J.P.1    Fleming, G.A.2    Greenbaum, C.J.3
  • 95
    • 31844443691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural history of β-cell function in type 1 diabetes
    • Sherry N.A., Tsai E.B., and Herold K.C. Natural history of β-cell function in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 54 (2005) S32-S39
    • (2005) Diabetes , vol.54
    • Sherry, N.A.1    Tsai, E.B.2    Herold, K.C.3
  • 96
    • 0033513455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exendin-4 stimulates both beta-cell replication and neogenesis, resulting in increased beta-cell mass and improved glucose tolerance in diabetic rats
    • Xu G., Stoffers D.A., and Habener J.F. Exendin-4 stimulates both beta-cell replication and neogenesis, resulting in increased beta-cell mass and improved glucose tolerance in diabetic rats. Diabetes 48 12 (1999) 2270-2276
    • (1999) Diabetes , vol.48 , Issue.12 , pp. 2270-2276
    • Xu, G.1    Stoffers, D.A.2    Habener, J.F.3
  • 97
    • 34547672616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous stimulation of human glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide in a mouse model (NOD) delays the onset of autoimmune type 1 diabetes
    • Zhang J., Tokui Y., Yamagata K., et al. Continuous stimulation of human glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide in a mouse model (NOD) delays the onset of autoimmune type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 50 (2007) 1900-1909
    • (2007) Diabetologia , vol.50 , pp. 1900-1909
    • Zhang, J.1    Tokui, Y.2    Yamagata, K.3
  • 98
    • 22344443114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia with nesidoblastosis after gastric-bypass surgery
    • Service G.J., Thompson G.B., Service F.J., et al. Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia with nesidoblastosis after gastric-bypass surgery. N Engl J Med 353 (2005) 249-254
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.353 , pp. 249-254
    • Service, G.J.1    Thompson, G.B.2    Service, F.J.3
  • 99
    • 2942689978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastric bypass for obesity: mechanisms of weight loss and diabetes resolution
    • Cummings D.E., Overduin J., Foster-Schubert K.E., et al. Gastric bypass for obesity: mechanisms of weight loss and diabetes resolution. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89 (2004) 2608-2615
    • (2004) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.89 , pp. 2608-2615
    • Cummings, D.E.1    Overduin, J.2    Foster-Schubert, K.E.3
  • 100
    • 34447267513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of incretin therapy in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Amori R.E., Lau J., and Pittas A.G. Efficacy and safety of incretin therapy in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 298 2 (2007) 194-206
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.298 , Issue.2 , pp. 194-206
    • Amori, R.E.1    Lau, J.2    Pittas, A.G.3
  • 101
    • 3042737844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cure of overt diabetes in NOD mice by transient treatment with anti-lymphocyte serum and exendin-4
    • Ogawa N., List J.F., Habener J.F., et al. Cure of overt diabetes in NOD mice by transient treatment with anti-lymphocyte serum and exendin-4. Diabetes 53 7 (2004) 1700-1705
    • (2004) Diabetes , vol.53 , Issue.7 , pp. 1700-1705
    • Ogawa, N.1    List, J.F.2    Habener, J.F.3
  • 102
    • 35548999311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exendin-4 improves reversal of diabetes in NOD mice treated with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody by enhancing recovery of β-cells
    • Sherry N.A., Chen W., Kushner J.A., et al. Exendin-4 improves reversal of diabetes in NOD mice treated with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody by enhancing recovery of β-cells. Endocrionology 148 (2007) 5138-5144
    • (2007) Endocrionology , vol.148 , pp. 5138-5144
    • Sherry, N.A.1    Chen, W.2    Kushner, J.A.3
  • 104
    • 34247264408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction and prevention of type 1 diabetes: progress, problems, and prospects
    • Skyler J.S. Prediction and prevention of type 1 diabetes: progress, problems, and prospects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 81 (2007) 768-771
    • (2007) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.81 , pp. 768-771
    • Skyler, J.S.1
  • 105
    • 33947726341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moving to efficient therapies in type 1 diabetes: to combine or not to combine
    • Bresson D., and Von Herrath M. Moving to efficient therapies in type 1 diabetes: to combine or not to combine. Autoimmun Rev 6 (2007) 315-322
    • (2007) Autoimmun Rev , vol.6 , pp. 315-322
    • Bresson, D.1    Von Herrath, M.2
  • 106
    • 33748743615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune privilege induced by regulatory T cells in transplantation tolerance
    • Cobbold S.P., Adams E., Graca L., et al. Immune privilege induced by regulatory T cells in transplantation tolerance. Immun 213 (2006) 239-255
    • (2006) Immun , vol.213 , pp. 239-255
    • Cobbold, S.P.1    Adams, E.2    Graca, L.3
  • 107
    • 34848887156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recovery from diabetes in mice β cell regeneration
    • Nir T., Melton D.A., and Dor Y. Recovery from diabetes in mice β cell regeneration. J Clin Invest 117 (2007) 2553-2561
    • (2007) J Clin Invest , vol.117 , pp. 2553-2561
    • Nir, T.1    Melton, D.A.2    Dor, Y.3
  • 108
    • 34547150491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What does the future hold for cell-based tolergenic therapy?
    • Bluestone J.A., Thomson A.W., Shevach E.M., et al. What does the future hold for cell-based tolergenic therapy?. Nat Rev Immunol 7 (2007) 650-654
    • (2007) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.7 , pp. 650-654
    • Bluestone, J.A.1    Thomson, A.W.2    Shevach, E.M.3
  • 109
    • 33750594322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of T-cell assays to measure autoimmune responses in subjects with type 1 diabetes
    • Seyfert-Margolis V., Gisler T.D., Asare A.L., et al. Analysis of T-cell assays to measure autoimmune responses in subjects with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 55 (2006) 2588-2594
    • (2006) Diabetes , vol.55 , pp. 2588-2594
    • Seyfert-Margolis, V.1    Gisler, T.D.2    Asare, A.L.3
  • 110
    • 0037451167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon and granulopoiesis signatures in systemic lupus erythematosus blood
    • Bennett L., Palucka A.K., Arce E., et al. Interferon and granulopoiesis signatures in systemic lupus erythematosus blood. J Exp Med 197 6 (2003) 711-723
    • (2003) J Exp Med , vol.197 , Issue.6 , pp. 711-723
    • Bennett, L.1    Palucka, A.K.2    Arce, E.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.