The levels of telomere-binding proteins in human tumours and therapeutic implications

European Journal of Cancer

Volumn 45, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 536-550

  Cookson, J C ^a   Laughton, C A ^b  

^a Pharminox Ltd   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Antineoplastic agents; Cancer; Telomerase; Telomere; Telomere binding proteins (TBPs)

Indexed keywords

MESSENGER RNA; TELOMERASE; TELOMERE BINDING PROTEIN; TELOMERIC REPEAT BINDING FACTOR 1; TELOMERIC REPEAT BINDING FACTOR 2;

ACUTE GRANULOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; ACUTE LEUKEMIA; ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA; ARTICLE; B CELL LYMPHOMA; BASAL CELL CARCINOMA; BREAST TUMOR; BURKITT LYMPHOMA; CANCER CELL CULTURE; CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY; CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE; CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA; DOWN REGULATION; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ESOPHAGEAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA; HUMAN; KERATINOCYTE; LIVER CARCINOGENESIS; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; LUNG CANCER; LUNG NON SMALL CELL CANCER; MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; STOMACH TUMOR; TELOMERE; TUMOR; UPREGULATION; UTERINE CERVIX CANCER;

HUMANS; NEOPLASM PROTEINS; NEOPLASMS; TELOMERASE; TELOMERE; TELOMERE-BINDING PROTEINS; TELOMERIC REPEAT BINDING PROTEIN 1; TELOMERIC REPEAT BINDING PROTEIN 2; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 60149100646     PISSN: 09598049     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.11.014     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. n, present at the telomeres of human chromosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 (1988) 6622-6626
2. de Lange T. Shelterin: the protein complex that shapes and safeguards human telomeres. Genes Dev 19 (2005) 2100-2110
3. Liu D., O'Connor M.S., Qin J., and Songyang Z. Telosome, a mammalian telomere-associated complex formed by multiple telomeric proteins. J Biol Chem 279 (2004) 51338-51342
4. Wang F., Podell E.R., Zaug A.J., et al. The POT1-TPP1 telomere complex is a telomerase processivity factor. Nature 445 (2007) 506-510
5. Harley C.B., Futcher A.B., and Greider C.W. Telomeres shorten during ageing of human fibroblasts. Nature 345 (1990) 458-460
6. Hanahan D., and Weinberg R.A. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 100 (2000) 57-70 [Review]
7. Kim N.W., Piatyszek M.A., Prowse K.R., et al. Specific association of human telomerase activity with immortal cells and cancer. Science 266 (1994) 2011-2015
8. Bryan T.M., Englezou A., Gupta J., Bacchetti S., and Reddel R.R. Telomere elongation in immortal human cells without detectable telomerase activity. EMBO J 14 (1995) 4240-4248
9. Blackburn E.H. The end of the (DNA) line. Nat Struct Biol 7 (2000) 847-850
10. Autexier C., and Lue N.F. The structure and function of telomerase reverse transcriptase. Ann Rev Biochem 75 (2006) 493-517
11. Gillis A.J., Schuller A.P., and Skordalakes E. Structure of the Tribolium castaneum telomerase catalytic subunit TERT. Nature 455 (2008) 633-637
12. Cohen S.B., Graham M.E., Lovrecz G.O., Bache N., Robinson P.J., and Reddel R.R. Protein composition of catalytically active human telomerase from immortal cells. Science 315 (2007) 1850-1853
13. Blackburn E.H. Telomere states and cell fates. Nature 408 (2000) 53-56
14. Zhou J., Hidaka K., and Futcher B. The Est1 subunit of yeast telomerase binds the Tlc1 telomerase RNA. Mol Cell Biol 20 (2000) 1947-1955
15. Qi H., and Zakian V.A. The saccharomyces telomere-binding protein Cdc13p interacts with both the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase alpha and the telomerase-associated est1 protein. Genes Dev 14 (2000) 1777-1788
16. Reichenbach P., Höss M., Azzalin C.M., Nabholz M., Bucher P., and Lingner J. A human homolog of yeast Est1 associates with telomerase and uncaps chromosome ends when overexpressed. Curr Biol 13 (2003) 568-574
17. Zhou X.Z., and Lu K.P. The Pin2/TRF1-interacting: protein PinX1 is a potent telomerase inhibitor. Cell 107 (2001) 347-359
18. Banik S.S., and Counter C.M. Characterization of interactions between PinX1 and human telomerase subunits hTERT and hTR. J Biol Chem 279 (2004) 51745-51748
19. Court R., Chapman L., Fairall L., and Rhodes D. How the human telomeric proteins TRF1 and TRF2 recognize telomeric DNA: a view from high resolution crystal structures. EMBO Rep 6 (2005) 39-45
20. van Steensel B., and de Lange T. Control of telomere length by the human telomeric protein TRF1. Nature 385 (1997) 740-743
21. Karlseder J., Broccoli D., Dai Y., Hardy S., and de Lange T. p53- and ATM-dependent apoptosis induced by telomeres lacking TRF2. Science 283 (1999) 1321-1325
22. Karlseder J., Smogorzewska A., and de Lange T. Senescence induced by altered telomere state, not telomere loss. Science 295 (2002) 2446-2449
23. Guo X., Deng Y., Lin Y., et al. Dysfunctional telomeres activate an ATM-ATR-dependent DNA damage response to suppress tumorigenesis. EMBO J 26 (2007) 4709-4719
24. Takai H., Smogorzewska A., and de Lange T. Damage foci at dysfunctional telomeres. Curr Biol 13 (2003) 1549-1556
25. Lei M., Podell E.R., and Cech T.R. Structure of human POT1 bound to telomeric single-stranded DNA provides a model for chromosome end-protection. Nat Struct Mol Biol 11 (2004) 1223-1229
26. Colgin L., and Reddel R. Telomere biology: a new player in the end zone. Curr Biol 14 (2004) R901-R902
27. Kelleher C., Kurth I., and Lingner J. Human protection of telomeres 1 (POT1) is a negative regulator of telomerase activity in vitro. Mol Cell Biol 25 (2005) 808-818
28. Salvati E., Leonetti C., Rizzo A., et al. Telomere damage induced by the G-quadruplex ligand RHPS4 has an antitumor effect. J Clin Invest 117 (2007) 3236-3247
29. Kim S.H., Kaminker P., and Campisi J. TIN2, a new regulator of telomere length in human cells. Nat Genet 23 (1999) 405-412
30. Li B., Oestreich S., and de Lange T. Identification of human Rap1: implications for telomere evolution. Cell 101 (2000) 471-483
31. Grandin N., and Charbonneau M. Protection against chromosome degradation at the telomeres. Biochimie 90 (2008) 41-59 [Review]
32. De Cian A., Lacroix L., Douarre C., et al. Targeting telomeres and telomerase. Biochimie 90 (2008) 131-155 [Review]
33. Harley C.B. Telomerase and cancer therapeutics. Nat Rev Cancer 8 (2008) 167-179 [Review]
34. Tejera A.M., Alonso D.F., Gomez D.E., and Olivero O.A. Chronic in vitro exposure to 3′-azido-2',3′-dideoxythymidine induces senescence and apoptosis and reduces tumorigenicity of metastatic mouse mammary tumor cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 65 (2001) 93-99
35. Naasani I., Seimiya H., and Tsuruo T. Telomerase inhibition, telomere shortening, and senescence of cancer cells by tea catechins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 249 (1998) 391-396
36. Damm K., Hemmann U., Garin-Chesa P., et al. A highly selective telomerase inhibitor limiting human cancer cell proliferation. EMBO J 20 (2001) 6958-6968
37. Keppler B.R., Grady A.T., and Jarstfer M.B. The biochemical role of the heat shock protein 90 chaperone complex in establishing human telomerase activity. J Biol Chem 281 (2006) 19840-19848
38. Kim Y.W., Hur S.Y., Kim T.E., et al. Protein kinase C modulates telomerase activity in human cervical cancer cells. Exp Mol Med 33 (2001) 156-163
39. Shammas M., Liu X., Gavory G., Raney K., Balasubramanian S., and Shmookler-Reis R. Targeting the single-strand G-rich overhang of telomeres with PNA inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis of human immortal cells. Exp Cell Res 295 (2004) 204-214
40. Kelland L. Targeting the limitless replicative potential of cancer: the telomerase/telomere pathway. Clin Cancer Res 13 (2007) 4960-4963 [Review]
41. Gomez D., O'Donohue M.F., Wenner T., et al. The G-quadruplex ligand telomestatin inhibits POT1 binding to telomeric sequences in vitro and induces GFP-POT1 dissociation from telomeres in human cells. Cancer Res 66 (2006) 6908-6912
42. Gomez D., Wenner T., Brassart B., et al. Telomestatin-induced telomere uncapping is modulated by POT1 through G-overhang extension in HT1080 human tumor cells. J Biol Chem 281 (2006) 38721-38729
43. Bellon M., Datta A., Brown M., Pouliquen J.F., Couppie P., and Kazanji M. Increase expression of telomere length regulating factors TRF1, TRF2 and TIN2 in patients with adult T-cell leukemia. Int J Cancer 119 (2006) 2090-2097
44. Klapper W., Krams M., Qian W., Janssen D., and Parwaresch R. Telomerase activity in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas is regulated by hTERT transcription and correlated with telomere-binding protein expression but uncoupled from proliferation. Brit J Cancer 89 (2003) 713-719
45. Campbell L.J., Fidler C., Eagleton H., et al. hTERT, the catalytic component of telomerase, is downregulated in the haematopoietic stem cells of patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia. Leukemia 20 (2006) 671-679
46. Matsutani N., Yokozaki H., Tahara E., et al. Expression of telomeric repeat binding factor 1 and 2 and TRF1-interacting nuclear protein 2 in human gastric carcinomas. Int J Oncol 19 (2001) 507-512
47. Lee M.E., Rha S.Y., Jeung H.C., Kim T.S., Chung H.C., and Oh B.K. Variation of the 3′ telomeric overhang lengths in human cells. Cancer Lett 264 (2008) 107-118
48. Nakanishi K., Kawai T., Kumaki F., et al. Expression of mRNAs for telomeric repeat binding factor (TRF)-1 and TRF2 in atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma of the lung. Clin Cancer Res 9 (2003) 1105-1111
49. Nijjar T., Bassett E., Garbe J., et al. Accumulation and altered localization of telomere-associated protein TRF2 in immortally transformed and tumor-derived human breast cells. Oncogene 24 (2005) 3369-3376
50. Oh B.K., Kim Y.J., Park C., and Park Y.N. Up-regulation of telomere-binding proteins, TRF1, TRF2, and TIN2 is related to telomere shortening during human multistep hepatocarcinogenesis. Am J Pathol 166 (2005) 73-80
51. Lee J.E., Oh B.K., Choi J., and Park Y.N. Telomeric 3′ overhangs in chronic HBV-related hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer 123 (2008) 264-272
52. Muñoz P., Blanco R., Flores J.M., and Blasco M.A. XPF nuclease-dependent telomere loss and increased DNA damage in mice overexpressing TRF2 result in premature aging and cancer. Nat Genet 37 (2005) 1063-1071
53. Muñoz P., Blanco R., and Blasco M.A. Role of the TRF2 telomeric protein in cancer and ageing. Cell Cycle 5 (2006) 718-721
54. Yamada K., Yagihashi A., Yamada M., et al. Decreased gene expression for telomeric-repeat binding factors and TIN2 in malignant hematopoietic cells. Anticancer Res 22 (2002) 1315-1320
55. Poncet D., Belleville A., de Roodenbeke C.T., et al. Changes in the expression of telomere maintenance genes suggest global telomere dysfunction in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 111 (2008) 2388-2391
56. Yamada M., Tsuji N., Nakamura M., et al. Down-regulation of TRF1, TRF2 and TIN2 genes is important to maintain telomeric DNA for gastric cancers. Anticancer Res 22 (2002) 3303-3307
57. Lin X., Lu C., Spitz M.R., and Wu X. Expression of telomere-asssociated genes as prognostic markers for overall survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 12 (2006) 5720-5725
58. Smith S., Giriat I., Schmitt A., and de Lange T. Tankyrase, a poly, ADP-ribose polymerase at human telomeres. Science 282 (1998) 1484-1487
59. Smogorzewska A., van Steensel B., Bianchi A., et al. Control of human telomere length by TRF1 and TRF2. Mol Cell Biol 20 (2000) 1659-1668
60. Miyachi K., Fujita M., Tanaka N., Sasaki K., and Sunagawa M. Correlation between telomerase activity and telomeric-repeat binding factors in gastric cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 21 (2002) 269-275
61. Kondo T., Oue N., Yoshida K., et al. Expression of POT1 is associated with tumor stage and telomere length in gastric carcinoma. Cancer Res 64 (2004) 523-529
62. Fujii K., Sasahira T., Moriwaka Y., Oue N., Yasui W., and Kuniyasu H. Protection of telomeres 1 protein levels are associated with telomere length in gastric cancer. Int J Mol Med 21 (2008) 599-604
63. Salhab M., Jiang W.G., Newbold R.F., and Mokbel K. The expression of gene transcripts of telomere-associated genes in human breast cancer: correlation with clinico-pathological parameters and clinical outcome. Breast Cancer Res Treat 109 (2008) 35-46
64. Saito K., Yagihashi A., Nasu S., Izawa Y., et al. Gene expression for suppressors of telomerase activity (telomeric-repeat binding factors) in breast cancer. Jpn J Cancer Res 93 (2002) 253-258
65. Hsu C.P., Miaw J., Hsia J.Y., Shai S.E., and Chen C.Y. Concordant expression of the telomerase-associated genes in non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 29 (2003) 594-599
66. Hsu C.P., Lee L.W., Shai S.E., and Chen C.Y. Clinical significance of telomerase and its associate genes expression in the maintenance of telomere length in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. World J Gastroenterol 11 (2005) 6941-6947
67. Fujimoto R., Kamata N., Taki M., et al. Gene expression of telomerase related proteins in human normal oral and ectocervical epithelial cells. Oral Oncol 39 (2003) 445-452
68. Swiggers S.J., Kuijpers M.A., de Cort M.J., Beverloo H.B., and Zijlmans J.M. Critically short telomeres in acute myeloid leukemia with loss or gain of parts of chromosomes. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 45 (2006) 247-256
69. Ohyashiki J.H., Hayashi S., Yahata N., et al. Impaired telomere regulation mechanism by TRF1 (telomere-binding protein), but not TRF2 expression, in acute leukemia cells. Int J Oncol 18 (2001) 593-598
70. van Steensel B., Smogorzewska A., and de Lange T. TRF2 protects human telomeres from end-to-end fusions. Cell 92 (1998) 401-413
71. Yang Q., Zheng Y.L., and Harris C.C. POT1 and TRF2 cooperate to maintain telomeric integrity. Mol Cell Biol 25 (2005) 1070-1080
72. Ancelin K., Brunori M., Bauwens S., et al. Targeting assay to study the cis functions of human telomeric proteins: evidence for an inhibition of telomerase by TRF1 and for activation of telomere degradation by TRF2. Mol Cell Biol 22 (2002) 3474-3487
73. Baumann P., Podell E., and Cech T.R. Human Pot1 (protection of telomeres) protein: cytolocalization, gene structure, and alternative splicing. Mol Cell Biol 22 (2002) 8079-8087
74. Escoffier E., Rezza A., Roborel de Climens A., et al. A balanced transcription between telomerase and the telomeric DNA-binding proteins TRF1, TRF2 and Pot1 in resting, activated, HTLV-1-transformed and Tax-expressing human T lymphocytes. Retrovirology 2 (2005) 77
75. Hsu C.P., Ko J.L., Shai S.E., and Lee L.W. Modulation of telomere shelterin by TRF1 [corrected] and TRF2 interacts with telomerase to maintain the telomere length in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 58 (2007) 310-316
76. Frías C., García-Aranda C., De Juan C., et al. Telomere shortening is associated with poor prognosis and telomerase activity correlates with DNA repair impairment in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 60 (2008) 416-425
77. Broccoli D., Young J.W., and de Lange T. Telomerase activity in normal and malignant hematopoietic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92 (1995) 9082-9086
78. Chandran U.R., Dhir R., Ma C., Michalopoulos G., Becich M., and Gilbertson J. Differences in gene expression in prostate cancer, normal appearing prostate tissue adjacent to cancer and prostate tissue from cancer free organ donors. BMC Cancer 5 (2005) 45
79. Chen L.Y., Liu D., and Songyang Z. Telomere maintenance through spatial control of telomeric proteins. Mol Cell Biol 27 (2007) 5898-5909