Serum amyloid A: An acute-phase protein involved in tumour pathogenesis

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences

Volumn 66, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 9-26

  Malle, E ^a   Sodin Semrl, S ^b   Wcislo Dziadecka, A ^a  

^a MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF GRAZ   (Austria)

^b UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTRE LJUBLJANA   (Slovenia)

Author keywords

Extracellular matrix; FPRL 1; Inflammation; MMP; Proteomics; Renal cell carcinoma; Rheumatoid arthritis; SAA

Indexed keywords

ABC TRANSPORTER A1; ACUTE PHASE PROTEIN; ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCT; ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCT RECEPTOR; CYTOKINE; DECAY ACCELERATING FACTOR; FORMYLPEPTIDE RECEPTOR LIKE 1; INTERLEUKIN 23 RECEPTOR; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; PROTEIN TANIS; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR BI; SERUM AMYLOID A; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 2; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4; TUMOR MARKER; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

CANCER CELL CULTURE; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER TISSUE; CARCINOGENESIS; CHRONIC INFLAMMATION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE MARKER; GLYCOPROTEIN SYNTHESIS; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; LIVER CELL; METASTASIS; NEOPLASM; NONHUMAN; PLASMA PROTEIN BINDING; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; REVIEW;

EID: 58149515783     PISSN: 1420682X     EISSN: 15691632     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-008-8321-x     Document Type: Review

References (203)

1. Schottenfeld, D. and Beebe-Dimmer, J. (2006) Chronic inflammation: a common and important factor in the pathogenesis of neoplasia. CA Cancer J. Clin. 56, 69-83.
2. Coussens, L. M. and Werb, Z. (2002) Inflammation and cancer. Nature 420, 860-867.
3. Lu, H., Ouyang, W. and Huang, C. (2006) Inflammation, a key event in cancer development. Mol. Cancer Res. 4, 221-233.
4. Bhardwaj, N. (2007) Harnessing the immune system to treat cancer. J. Clin. Invest. 117, 1130-1136.
5. Lin, W. W. and Karin, M. (2007) A cytokine-mediated link between innate immunity, inflammation, and cancer. J. Clin. Invest. 117, 1175-1183.
6. Malle, E., Steinmetz, A. and Raynes, J. G. (1993) Serum amyloid A (SAA): an acute phase protein and apolipoprotein. Atherosclerosis 102, 131-146.
7. Uhlar, C. M. and Whitehead, A. S. (1999) Serum amyloid A, the major vertebrate acute-phase reactant. Eur. J. Biochem. 265, 501-523.
8. Uhlar, C. M., Burgess, C. J., Sharp, P. M. and Whitehead, A. S. (1994) Evolution of the serum amyloid A (SAA) protein superfamily. Genomics 19, 228-235.
9. Sipe, J. (1999) Revised nomenclature for serum amyloid A (SAA). Nomenclature Committee of the International Society of Amyloidosis. Part 2. Amyloid 6, 67-70.
10. Malle, E. and De Beer, F. C. (1996) Human serum amyloid A (SAA) protein: a prominent acute-phase reactant for clinical practice. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 26, 427-435.
11. Husby, G., Marhaug, G. and Sletten, K. (1982) Amyloid A in systemic amyloidosis associated with cancer. Cancer Res. 42, 1600-1603.
12. Pras, M., Franklin, E. C., Shibolet, S. and Frangione, B. (1982) Amyloidosis associated with renal cell carcinoma of the AA type. Am. J. Med. 73, 426-428.
13. Pepys, M. B. (2006) Amyloidosis. Annu. Rev. Med. 57, 223-241.
14. Biran, H., Friedman, N., Neumann, L., Pras, M. and Shainkin-Kestenbaum, R. (1986) Serum amyloid A (SAA) variations in patients with cancer: correlation with disease activity, stage, primary site, and prognosis. J. Clin. Pathol. 39, 794-797.
15. Liu, D. H., Wang, X. M., Zhang, L. J., Dai, S. W., Liu, L. Y., Liu, J. F., Wu, S. S., Yang, S. Y., Fu, S., Xiao, X. Y. and He, D. C. (2007) Serum amyloid A protein: a potential biomarker correlated with clinical stage of lung cancer. Biomed. Environ. Sci. 20, 33-40.
16. Howard, B. A., Wang, M. Z., Campa, M. J., Corro, C., Fritzgerald, M. C. and Jr. Patz, E. F. (2003) Identification and validation of a potential lung cancer serum biomarker detected by matrix-assistend laser desoption/ionization- time of flight spectra analysis. Proteomics, 1720-1724.
17. Vlasova, M. A. and Moshkovskii, S. A. (2006) Molecular interactions of acute phase serum amyloid A: possible involvement in carcinogenesis. Biochemistry (Mosc) 71, 1051-1059.
18. d'Eril, G. M., Anesi, A., Maggiore, M. and Leoni, V. (2001) Biological variation of serum amyloid A in healthy subjects. Clin. Chem. 47, 1498-1499.
19. Hijmans, W. and Sipe, J. D. (1979) Levels of the serum amyloid A protein (SAA) in normal persons of different age groups. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 35, 96-100.
20. Rosenthal, C. J. and Franklin, E. C. (1975) Variation with age and disease of an amyloid A protein-related serum component. J. Clin. Invest. 55, 746-753.
21. Benson, M. D. and Cohen, A. S. (1979) Serum amyloid A protein in amyloidosis, rheumatic, and enoplastic diseases. Arthritis. Rheum. 22, 36-42.
22. Weinstein, P. S., Skinner, M., Sipe, J. D., Lokich, J. J., Zamcheck, N. and Cohen, A. S. (1984) Acute-phase proteins or tumour markers: the role of SAA, SAP, CRP and CEA as indicators of metastasis in a broad spectrum of neoplastic diseases. Scand. J. Immunol.19, 193-198.
23. Nel, A. E., Strachan, A. F., Welke, H. E. and de Beer, F. C. (1984) Acute phase response in bronchiectasis and bronchus carcinoma. Respiration 45, 406-410.
24. Benson, M. D., Eyanson, S. and Fineberg, N. S. (1986) Serum amyloid A in carcinoma of the lung. Cancer 57, 1783-1787.
25. Khan, N., Cromer, C. J., Campa, M. and Patz, E. F., Jr. (2004) Clinical utility of serum amyloid A and macrophage migration inhibitory factor as serum biomarkers for the detection of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. Cancer 101, 379-384.
26. Kaneti, J., Winikoff, Y., Zimlichman, S. and Shainkin-Kestenbaum, R. (1984) Importance of serum amyloid A (SAA) level in monitoring disease activity and response to therapy in patients with prostate cancer. Urol. Res. 12, 239-241.
27. Glojnaric, I., Casl, M. T., Simic, D. and Lukac, J. (2001) Serum amyloid A protein (SAA) in colorectal carcinoma. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 39, 129-133.
28. Kimura, M., Tomita, Y., Imai, T., Saito, T., Katagiri, A., Ohara-Mikami, Y., Matsudo, T. and Takahashi, K. (2001) Significance of serum amyloid A on the prognosis in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Cancer 92, 2072-2075.
29. Ramankulov, A., Lein, M., Johannsen, M., Schrader, M., Miller, K., Loening, S. A. and Jung, K. (2008) Serum amyloid A as indicator of distant metastases but not as early tumor marker in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett. (in press).
30. Rosenthal, C. J. and Sullivan, L. M. (1979) Serum amyloid A to monitor cancer dissemination. Ann. Intern. Med. 91, 383-390.
31. Chan, D. C., Chen, C. J., Chu, H. C., Chang, W. K., Yu, J. C., Chen, Y. J., Wen, L. L., Huang, S. C., Ku, C. H., Liu, Y. C. and Chen, J. H. (2007) Evaluation of serum amyloid A as a biomarker for gastric cancer. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 14, 84-93.
32. Raynes, J. G. and Cooper, E. H. (1983) Comparison of serum amyloid A protein and C-reactive protein concentrations in cancer and non-malignant disease. J Clin Pathol 36, 798-803.
33. O'Hanlon, D. M., Lynch, J., Cormican, M. and Given, H. F. (2002) The acute phase response in breast carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 22, 1289-1293.
34. Nieken, J., Mulder, N. H., Buter, J., Vellenga, E., Limburg, P. C., Piers, D. A. and de Vries, E. G. (1995) Recombinant human interleukin-6 induces a rapid and reversible anemia in cancer patients. Blood 86, 900-905.
35. van Gameren, M. M., Willemse, P. H., Mulder, N. H., Limburg, P. C., Groen, H. J., Vellenga, E. and de Vries, E. G. (1994) Effects of recombinant human interleukin-6 in cancer patients: a phase I-II study. Blood 84, 1434-1441.
36. de Jong, K. P., van Gameren, M. M., Bijzet, J., Limburg, P. C., Sluiter, W. J., Slooff, M. J. and de Vries, E. G. (2001) Recombinant human interleukin-6 induces hepatocyte growth factor production in cancer patients. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 36, 636-640.
37. Biesma, B., Willemse, P. H., Mulder, N. H., Sleijfer, D. T., Gietema, J. A., Mull, R., Limburg, P. C., Bouma, J., Vellenga, E. and de Vries, E. G. (1992) Effects of interleukin-3 after chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer. Blood 80, 1141-1148.
38. de Jong, K. P., von Geusau, B. A., Rottier, C. A., Bijzet, J., Limburg, P. C., de Vries, E. G., Fidler, V. and Slooff, M. J. (2001) Serum response of hepatocyte growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-I, interleukin-6, and acute phase proteins in patients with colorectal liver metastases treated with partial hepatectomy or cryosurgery. J. Hepatol. 34, 422-427.
39. de Jong, K. P., Hoedemakers, R. M., Fidler, V., Bijzet, J., Limburg, P. C., Peeters, P. M., de Vries, E. G. and Slooff, M. J. (2004) Portal and systemic serum growth factor and acute-phase response after laparotomy or partial hepatectomy in patients with colorectal liver metastases: a prognostic role for C-reactive protein and hepatocyte growth factor. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 39, 1141-1148.
40. Jung, I. K., Kim, M. C., Kim, K. H., Kwak, J. Y., Jung, G. J. and Kim, H. H. (2008) Cellular and peritoneal immune response after radical laparoscopy-assisted and open gastrectomy for gastric cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 98, 54-59.
41. Chen, S. H., Liao, H. K., Chang, C. Y., Juo, C. G., Chen, J. H., Chan, S. I. and Chen, Y. J. (2007) Targeted protein quantitation and profiling using PVDF affinity probe and MALDI-TOF MS. Proteomics 7, 3038-3050.
42. Biro, L., Domjan, G., Falus, A., Jakab, L., Cseh, K., Kalabay, L., Tarkovacs, G., Tresch, J., Malle, E., Kramer, J., Prohaszka, Z., Jako, J., Fust, G. and Csaszar, A. (1998) Cytokine regulation of the acute-phase protein levels in multiple myeloma. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 28, 679-686.
43. Persson, L., Engervall, P., Magnuson, A., Vikerfors, T., Söderquist, B., Hansson, L. O. and Tidefelt, U. (2004) Use of inflammatory markers for early detection of bacteraemia in patients with febrile neutropenia. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 36, 365-371.
44. Uys, A., Rapoport, B. L., Fickl, H., Meyer, P. W. and Anderson, R. (2007) Prediction of outcome in cancer patients with febrile neutropenia: comparison of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer risk-index score with procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, and interleukins-1beta, -6, -8 and -10. Eur. J. Cancer Care (Engl.) 16, 475-483.
45. Persson, L., Soderquist, B., Engervall, P., Vikerfors, T., Hansson, L. O. and Tidefelt, U. (2005) Assessment of systemic inflammation markers to differentiate a stable from a deteriorating clinical course in patients with febrile neutropenia. Eur. J. Haematol. 74, 297-303.
46. Liou, L. S., Shi, T., Duan, Z. H., Sadhukhan, P., Der, S. D., Novick, A. A., Hissong, J., Skacel, M., Almasan, A. and DiDonato, J. A. (2004) Microarray gene expression profiling and analysis in renal cell carcinoma. BMC Urol. 4, 9.
47. Gao, W. M., Kuick, R., Orchekowski, R. P., Misek, D. E., Qiu, J., Greenberg, A. K., Rom, W. N., Brenner, D. E., Omenn, G. S., Haab, B. B. and Hanash, S. M. (2005) Distinctive serum protein profiles involving abundant proteins in lung cancer patients based upon antibody microarray analysis. BMC Cancer 5, 110.
48. Savli, H., Szendr, A., Romics, I. and Nagy, B. (2008) Gene network and canonical pathway analysis in prostate cancer: a microarray study. Exp. Mol. Med. 40, 176-185.
49. Moshage, H. J., Roelofs, H. M., van Pelt, J. F., Hazenberg, B. P., van Leeuwen, M. A., Limburg, P. C., Aarden, L. A. and Yap, S. H. (1988) The effect of interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and its interrelationship on the synthesis of serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein in primary cultures of adult human hepatocytes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 155, 112-117.
50. Yap, S. H., Moshage, H. J., Hazenberg, B. P., Roelofs, H. M., Bijzet, J., Limburg, P. C., Aarden, L. A. and van Rijswijk, M. H. (1991) Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibits interleukin (IL)-1 and/or IL-6 stimulated synthesis of C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1091, 405-408.
51. Gabay, C., Genin, B., Mentha, G., Iynedjian, P. B., Roux-Lombard, P. and Guerne, P. A. (1995) IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) does not inhibit the production of C-reactive protein or serum amyloid A protein by human primary hepatocytes. Differential regulation in normal and tumour cells. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 100, 306-313.
52. Steel, D. M., Donoghue, F. C., O'Neill, R. M., Uhlar, C. M. and Whitehead, A. S. (1996) Expression and regulation of constitutive and acute phase serum amyloid A mRNAs in hepatic and non-hepatic cell lines. Scand. J. Immunol. 44, 493-500.
53. Ganapathi, M. K., May, L. T., Schultz, D., Brabenec, A., Weinstein, J., Sehgal, P. B. and Kushner, I. (1988) Role of interleukin-6 in regulating synthesis of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A in human hepatoma cell lines. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 157, 271-277.
54. Raynes, J. G., Eagling, S. and McAdam, K. P. (1991) Acute-phase protein synthesis in human hepatoma cells: differential regulation of serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin by interleukin-1 and interleukin-6. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 83, 488-491.
55. Malle, E., Leonhard, B., Knipping, G. and Sattler, W. (1999) Effects of cytokines, butyrate and dexamethasone on serum amyloid A and apolipoprotein A-I synthesis in human HUH-7 hepatoma cells. Scand. J. Immunol. 50, 183-187.
56. Steel, D. M. and Whitehead, A. S. (1991) Heterogeneous modulation of acute-phase-reactant mRNA levels by interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6 in the human hepatoma cell line PLC/PRF/5. Biochem. J. 277 477-482.
57. Thorn, C. F., Lu, Z. Y. and Whitehead, A. S. (2003) Tissue-specific regulation of the human acute-phase serum amyloid A genes, SAA1 and SAA2, by glucocorticoids in hepatic and epithelial cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 33, 2630-2639.
58. Thorn, C. F., Lu, Z. Y. and Whitehead, A. S. (2004) Regulation of the human acute phase serum amyloid A genes by tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and glucocorticoids in hepatic and epithelial cell lines. Scand. J. Immunol. 59, 152-158.
59. Bioulac-Sage, P., Rebouissou, S., Thomas, C., Blanc, J. F., Saric, J., Sa Cunha, A., Rullier, A., Cubel, G., Couchy, G., Imbeaud, S., Balabaud, C. and Zucman-Rossi, J. (2007) Hepatocellular adenoma subtype classification using molecular markers and immunohistochemistry. Hepatology 46, 740-748.
60. Meek, R. L., Urieli-Shoval, S. and Benditt, E. P. (1994) Expression of apolipoprotein serum amyloid A mRNA in human atherosclerotic lesions and cultured vascular cells: implications for serum amyloid A function. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 91, 3186-3190.
61. Urieli-Shoval, S., Meek, R. L., Hanson, R. H., Eriksen, N. and Benditt, E. P. (1994) Human serum amyloid A genes are expressed in monocyte/macrophage cell lines. Am. J. Pathol. 145, 650-660.
62. Zhang, L., Zhou, W., Velculescu, V. E., Kern, S. E., Hruban, R. H., Hamilton, S. R., Vogelstein, B. and Kinzler, K. W. (1997) Gene expression profiles in normal and cancer cells. Science 276, 1268-1272.
63. Parle-McDermott, A., McWilliam, P., Tighe, O., Dunican, D. and Croke, D. T. (2000) Serial analysis of gene expression identifies putative metastasis-associated transcripts in colon tumour cell lines. Br. J. Cancer 83, 725-728.
64. Polyak, K., Xia, Y., Zweier, J. L., Kinzler, K. W. and Vogelstein, B. (1997) A model for p53-induced apoptosis. Nature 389, 300-305.
65. Hao, C. Y., Moore, D. H., Wong, P., Bennington, J. L., Lee, N. M. and Chen, L. C. (2005) Alteration of gene expression in macroscopically normal colonic mucosa from individuals with a family history of sporadic colon cancer. Clin. Cancer Res.11, 1400-1407.
66. Nishie, A., Masuda, K., Otsubo, M., Migita, T., Tsuneyoshi, M., Kohno, K., Shuin, T., Naito, S., Ono, M. and Kuwano, M. (2001) High expression of the Cap43 gene in infiltrating macrophages of human renal cell carcinomas. Clin. Cancer Res. 7, 2145-2151.
67. Kosari, F., Parker, A. S., Kube, D. M., Lohse, C. M., Leibovich, B. C., Blute, M. L., Cheville, J. C. and Vasmatzis, G. (2005) Clear cell renal cell carcinoma: gene expression analyses identify a potential signature for tumor aggressiveness. Clin. Cancer Res. 11, 5128-5139.
68. Vreugdenhil, A. C., Dentener, M. A., Snoek, A. M., Greve, J. W. and Buurman, W. A. (1999) Lipopolysaccharide binding protein and serum amyloid A secretion by human intestinal epithelial cells during the acute phase response. J. Immunol 163, 2792-2798.
69. Gutfeld, O., Prus, D., Ackerman, Z., Dishon, S., Linke, R. P., Levin, M. and Urieli-Shoval, S. (2006) Expression of serum amyloid A, in normal, dysplastic, and neoplastic human colonic mucosa: implication for a role in colonic tumorigenesis. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 54, 63-73.
70. Liang, L., Qu, L. and Ding, Y. (2007) Protein and mRNA characterization in human colorectal carcinoma cell lines with different metastatic potentials. Cancer Invest. 25, 427-434.
71. Kovacevic, A., Hammer, A., Sundl, M., Pfister, B., Hrzenjak, A., Ray, A., Ray, B. K., Sattler, W. and Malle, E. (2006) Expression of serum amyloid A transcripts in human trophoblast and fetal-derived trophoblast-like choriocarcinoma cells. FEBS Lett. 580, 161-167.
72. Kovacevic, A., Hammer, A., Stadelmeyer, E., Windischhofer, W., Sundl, M., Ray, A., Schweighofer, N., Friedl, G., Windhager, R., Sattler, W. and Malle, E. (2008) Expression of serum amyloid A transcripts in human bone tissues, differentiated osteoblast-like stem cells and human osteosarcoma cell lines. J. Cell. Biochem. 103, 994-1004.
73. Urieli-Shoval, S., Cohen, P., Eisenberg, S. and Matzner, Y. (1998) Widespread expression of serum amyloid A in histologically normal human tissues. Predominant localization to the epithelium. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 46, 1377-1384.
74. Diamandis, E. P. (2004) Mass spectrometry as a diagnostic and a cancer biomarker discovery tool: opportunities and potential limitations. Mol. Cell Proteomics 3, 367-378.
75. Petricoin, E. F., Ardekani, A. M., Hitt, B. A., Levine, P. J., Fusaro, V. A., Steinberg, S. M., Mills, G. B., Simone, C., Fishman, D. A., Kohn, E. C. and Liotta, L. A. (2002) Use of proteomic patterns in serum to identify ovarian cancer. Lancet 359, 572-577.
76. Le, L., Chi, K., Tyldesley, S., Flibotte, S., Diamond, D. L., Kuzyk, M. A. and Sadar, M. D. (2005) Identification of serum amyloid A as a biomarker to distinguish prostate cancer patients with bone lesions. Clin. Chem. 51, 695-707.
77. Li, Y., Dang, T. A., Shen, J., Perlaky, L., Hicks, J., Murray, J., Meyer, W., Chintagumpala, M., Lau, C. C. and Man, T. K. (2006) Identification of a plasma proteomic signature to distinguish pediatric osteosarcoma from benign osteochondroma. Proteomics 6, 3426-3435.
78. Moshkovskii, S. A., Serebryakova, M. V., Kuteykin-Teplyakov, K. B., Tikhonova, O. V., Goufman, E. I., Zgoda, V. G., Taranets, I. N., Makarov, O. V. and Archakov, A. I. (2005) Ovarian cancer marker of 11.7 kDa detected by proteomics is a serum amyloid A1. Proteomics 5, 3790-3797.
79. Helleman, J., van der Vlies, D., Jansen, M. P., Luider, T. M., van der Burg, M. E., Stoter, G. and Berns, E. M. (2008) Serum proteomic patterns for ovarian cancer monitoring. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer (in press).
80. Tolson, J., Bogumil, R., Brunst, E., Beck, H., Elsner, R., Humeny, A., Kratzin, H., Deeg, M., Kuczyk, M., Mueller, G. A., Mueller, C. A. and Flad, T. (2004) Serum protein profiling by SELDI mass spectrometry: detection of multiple variants of serum amyloid alpha in renal cancer patients. Lab. Invest. 84, 1220-1221.
81. Kluve-Beckerman, B., Malle, E., Vitt, H., Pfeiffer, C., Benson, M. and Steinmetz, A. (1991) Characterization of an isoelectric focusing variant of SAA1 (ASP-72) in a family of Turkish origin. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 181, 1097-1102.
82. Rossi, L., Martin, B. M., Hortin, G. L., White, R. L., Foster, M., Moharram, R., Stroncek, D., Wang, E., Marincola, F. M. and Panelli, M. C. (2006) Inflammatory protein profile during systemic high dose interleukin-2 administration. Proteomics 6, 709-720.
83. Engwegen, J. Y., Mehra, N., Haanen, J. B., Bonfrer, J. M., Schellens, J. H., Voest, E. E. and Beijnen, J. H. (2007) Validation of SELDI-TOF MS serum protein profiles for renal cell carcinoma in new populations. Lab. Invest. 87, 161-172.
84. Roelofsen, H., Alvarez-Llamas, G., Dijkstra, M., Breitling, R., Havenga, K., Bijzet, J., Zandbergen, W., de Vries, M. P., Ploeg, R. J. and Vonk, R. J. (2007) Analyses of intricate kinetics of the serum proteome during and after colon surgery by protein expression time series. Proteomics 7, 3219-3228.
85. Koomen, J. M., Shih, L. N., Coombes, K. R., Li, D., Xiao, L. C., Fidler, I. J., Abbruzzese, J. L. and Kobayashi, R. (2005) Plasma protein profiling for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer reveals the presence of host response proteins. Clin. Cancer Res. 11, 1110-1118.
86. Yildiz, P. B., Shyr, Y., Rahman, J. S., Wardwell, N. R., Zimmerman, L. J., Shakhtour, B., Gray, W. H., Chen, S., Li, M., Roder, H., Liebler, D. C., Bigbee, W. L., Siegfried, J. M., Weissfeld, J. L., Gonzalez, A. L., Ninan, M., Johnson, D. H., Carbone, D. P., Caprioli, R. M. and Massion, P. P. (2007) Diagnostic accuracy of MALDI mass spectrometric analysis of unfractionated serum in lung cancer. J. Thorac. Oncol. 2, 893-901.
87. Junker, K., von Eggeling, F., Muller, J., Steiner, T. and Schubert, J. (2006) [Identification of biomarkers and therapeutic targets for renal cell cancer using Protein Chip Technology Urologe A 45, 305-315.
88. Junker, K., Gneist, J., Melle, C., Driesch, D., Schubert, J., Claussen, U. and Von Eggeling, F. (2005) Identification of protein pattern in kidney cancer using ProteinChip arrays and bioinformatics. Int. J. Mol. Med. 15, 285-290.
89. Junker, K., Sanjmyatav, J., Mueller, J., Steiner, T., Wunderlich, H., Chyhrai, A., Pilchowski, R., Reichelt, O. and Schubert, J. (2007) Molecular tumour profiling for detection of biomarkers in renal cell tumours. European Urology Supplements, 611-615.
90. Combaret, V., Bergeron, C., Brejon, S., Iacono, I., Perol, D., Negrier, S. and Puisieux, A. (2005) Protein chip array profiling analysis of sera from neuroblastoma patients. Cancer Lett. 228, 91-96.
91. Sandoval, J. A., Turner, K. E., Hoelz, D. J., Rescorla, F. J., Hickey, R. J. and Malkas, L. H. (2007) Serum protein profiling to identify high-risk neuroblastoma: preclinical relevance of blood-based biomarkers. J. Surg. Res, 268-274.
92. Cho, W. C., Yip, T. T., Yip, C., Yip, V., Thulasiraman, V., Ngan, R. K., Yip, T. T., Lau, W. H., Au, J. S., Law, S. C., Cheng, W. W., Ma, V. W. and Lim, C. K. (2004) Identification of serum amyloid A protein as a potentially useful biomarker to monitor relapse of nasopharyngeal cancer by serum proteomic profiling. Clin. Cancer Res. 10, 43-52.
93. Cho, W. C., Yip, T. T., Ngan, R. K., Yip, T. T., Podust, V. N., Yip, C., Yiu, H. H., Yip, V., Cheng, W. W., Ma, V. W. and Law, S. C. (2007) ProteinChip array profiling for identification of disease- and chemotherapy-associated biomarkers of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clin. Chem. 53, 241-250.
94. Liao, Q., Zhao, L., Chen, X., Deng, Y. and Ding, Y. (2008) Serum proteome analysis for profiling protein markers associated with carcinogenesis and lymph node metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clin. Exp. Metastasis 25, 465-476.
95. Dowling, P., O'Driscoll, L., Meleady, P., Henry, M., Roy, S., Ballot, J., Moriarty, M., Crown, J. and Clynes, M. (2007) 2-D difference gel electrophoresis of the lung squamous cell carcinoma versus normal sera demonstrates consistent alterations in the levels of ten specific proteins. Electrophoresis 28, 4302-4310.
96. Jensen, L. E. and Whitehead, A. S. (1998) Regulation of serum amyloid A protein expression during the acute-phase response. Biochem. J. 334, 489-503.
97. He, R., Sang, H. and Ye, R. D. (2003) Serum amyloid A induces IL-8 secretion through a G protein-coupled receptor, FPRL1/LXA4R. Blood 101, 1572-1581.
98. He, R., Shepard, L. W., Chen, J., Pan, Z. K. and Ye, R. D. (2006) Serum amyloid A is an endogenous ligand that differentially induces IL-12 and IL-23. J. Immunol. 177, 4072-4079.
99. Patel, H., Fellowes, R., Coade, S. and Woo, P. (1998) Human serum amyloid A has cytokine-like properties. Scand. J. Immunol. 48, 410-418.
100. Furlaneto, C. J. and Campa, A. (2000) A novel function of serum amyloid A: a potent stimulus for the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-8 by human blood neutrophil. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 268, 405-408.
101. Preciado-Patt, L., Cahalon, L., Hershkovitz, R., Lider, O., Pras, M. and Fridkin, M. (1998) Serum amyloid A complexed with extracellular matrix induces the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-a by human T-lymphocytes. Letters in Peptide Science 5, 349-355.
102. Lee, H. Y., Kim, M. K., Park, K. S., Shin, E. H., Jo, S. H., Kim, S. D., Jo, E. J., Lee, Y. N., Lee, C., Baek, S. H. and Bae, Y. S. (2006) Serum amyloid A induces contrary immune responses via formyl peptide receptor-like 1 in human monocytes. Mol. Pharmacol. 70, 241-248.
103. van der Westhuyzen, D. R., de Beer, F. C. and Webb, N. R. (2007) HDL cholesterol transport during inflammation. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 18, 147-151.
104. Husebekk, A., Skogen, B., Husby, G. and Marhaug, G. (1985) Transformation of amyloid precursor SAA to protein AA and incorporation in amyloid fibrils in vivo. Scand. J. Immunol. 21, 283-287.
105. Ancsin, J. B. and Kisilevsky, R. (1999) Laminin interactions with the apoproteins of acute-phase HDL: preliminary mapping of the laminin binding site on serum amyloid A. Amyloid: Int. J. Exp. Clin. Invest. 6, 37-47.
106. Ancsin, J. B. and Kisilevsky, R. (1999) The heparin/heparan sulfate-binding site on apo-serum amyloid A. Implications for the therapeutic intervention of amyloidosis. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 7172-7181.
107. Malle, E., Munscher, G., Muller, T., Vermeer, H. and Ibovnik, A. (1995) Quantification and mapping of antigenic determinants of serum amyloid A (SAA) protein utilizing sequence-specific immunoglobulins and Eu3+ as a specific probe for time-resolved fluorometric immunoassay. J. Immunol. Methods 182, 131-144.
108. Malle, E., Herz, R., Artl, A., Ibovnik, A., Andreae, F. and Sattler, W. (1998) Mapping of antigenic determinants of purified, lipid-free human serum amyloid A proteins. Scand. J. Immunol. 48, 557-561.
109. Stevens, F. J. (2004) Hypothetical structure of human serum amyloid A protein. Amyloid 11, 71-80.
110. Preciado-Patt, L., Levartowsky, D., Prass, M., Hershkoviz, R., Lider, O. and Fridkin, M. (1994) Inhibition of cell adhesion to glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix by peptides corresponding to serum amyloid A. Toward understanding the physiological role of an enigmatic protein. Eur. J. Biochem. 223, 35-42.
111. Urieli-Shoval, S., Shubinsky, G., Linke, R. P., Fridkin, M., Tabi, I. and Matzner, Y. (2002) Adhesion of human platelets to serum amyloid A. Blood 99, 1224-1229.
112. Preciado-Patt, L., Hershkoviz, R., Fridkin, M. and Lider, O. (1996) Serum amyloid A binds specific extracellular matrix glycoproteins and induces the adhesion of resting CD4+ T cells. J. Immunol. 156, 1189-1195.
113. Hershkoviz, R., Preciado-Patt, L., Lider, O., Fridkin, M. and Mekori, Y. A. (1997) Mast cell adhesion to extracellular matrix: local effects of acute phase reactants. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol.113, 295-296.
114. Hershkoviz, R., Preciado-Patt, L., Lider, O., Fridkin, M., Dastych, J., Metcalfe, D. D. and Mekori, Y. A. (1997) Extracellular matrix-anchored serum amyloid A preferentially induces mast cell adhesion. Am J. Physiol. 273, C179-187.
115. Zimlichman, S., Danon, A., Nathan, I., Mozes, G. and Shainkin-Kestenbaum, R. (1990) Serum amyloid A, an acute phase protein, inhibits platelet activation. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 116, 180-186.
116. Nierodzik, M. L., Klepfish, A. and Karpatkin, S. (1995) Role of platelets, thrombin, integrin IIb-IIIa, fibronectin and von Willebrand factor on tumor adhesion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Thromb. Haemost. 74, 282-290.
117. Michaeli, A., Finci-Yeheskel, Z., Dishon, S., Linke, R. P., Levin, M. and Urieli-Shoval, S. (2008) Serum amyloid A enhances plasminogen activation: implication for a role in colon cancer. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 368, 368-373.
118. Brown, J. R. and DuBois, R. N. (2005) COX-2: a molecular target for colorectal cancer prevention. J. Clin. Oncol. 23, 2840-2855.
119. Malle, E., Bollmann, A., Steinmetz, A., Gemsa, D., Leis, H. J. and Sattler, W. (1997) Serum amyloid A (SAA) protein enhances formation of cyclooxygenase metabolites of activated human monocytes. FEBS Lett. 419, 215-219.
120. Lee, H. Y., Jo, S. H., Lee, C., Baek, S. H. and Bae, Y. S. (2006) Differential production of leukotriene B4 or prostaglandin E2 by WKYMVm or serum amyloid A via formyl peptide receptor-like 1. Biochem. Pharmacol. 72, 860-868.
121. Marx, N., Froehlich, J., Siam, L., Ittner, J., Wierse, G., Schmidt, A., Scharnagl, H., Hombach, V. and Koenig, W. (2003) Antidiabetic PPAR gamma-activator rosiglitazone reduces MMP-9 serum levels in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 23, 283-288.
122. Folgueras, A. R., Pendas, A. M., Sanchez, L. M. and Lopez-Otin, C. (2004) Matrix metalloproteinases in cancer: from new functions to improved inhibition strategies. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 48, 411-424.
123. Deryugina, E. I. and Quigley, J. P. (2006) Matrix metalloproteinases and tumor metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 25, 9-34.
124. Muller, D., Roessner, A. and Rocken, C. (2000) Distribution pattern of matrix metalloproteinases 1, 2, 3, and 9, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 2, and alpha 2-macroglobulin in cases of generalized AA- and AL amyloidosis. Virchows Arch. 437, 521-527.
125. Stix, B., Kahne, T., Sletten, K., Raynes, J., Roessner, A. and Rocken, C. (2001) Proteolysis of AA amyloid fibril proteins by matrix metalloproteinases- 1, -2, and -3. Am. J. Pathol. 159, 561-570.
126. Lee, H. Y., Kim, M. K., Park, K. S., Bae, Y. H., Yun, J., Park, J. I., Kwak, J. Y. and Bae, Y. S. (2005) Serum amyloid A stimulates matrix-metalloproteinase-9 upregulation via formyl peptide receptor like-1-mediated signaling in human monocytic cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 330, 989-998.
127. Migita, K., Kawabe, Y., Tominaga, M., Origuchi, T., Aoyagi, T. and Eguchi, K. (1998) Serum amyloid A protein induces production of matrix metalloproteinases by human synovial fibroblasts. Lab. Invest. 78, 535-539.
128. O'Hara, R., Murphy, E. P., Whitehead, A. S., FitzGerald, O. and Bresnihan, B. (2004) Local expression of the serum amyloid A and formyl peptide receptor-like 1 genes in synovial tissue is associated with matrix metalloproteinase production in patients with inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 50, 1788-1799.
129. Mullan, R. H., Bresnihan, B., Golden-Mason, L., Markham, T., O'Hara, R., FitzGerald, O., Veale, D. J. and Fearon, U. (2006) Acute-phase serum amyloid A stimulation of angiogenesis, leukocyte recruitment, and matrix degradation in rheumatoid arthritis through an NF-kappaB-dependent signal transduction pathway. Arthritis Rheum. 54, 105-114.
130. Ray, A. and Ray, B. K. (1998) Isolation and functional characterization of cDNA of serum amyloid A-activating factor that binds to the serum amyloid A promoter. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 7327-7335.
131. Ray, A., Kuroki, K., Cook, J. L., Bal, B. S., Kenter, K., Aust, G. and Ray, B. K. (2003) Induction of matrix metalloproteinase 1 gene expression is regulated by inflammation-responsive transcription factor SAF-1 in osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 48, 134-145.
132. Ray, B. K., Shakya, A., Turk, J. R., Apte, S. S. and Ray, A. (2004) Induction of the MMP-14 gene in macrophages of the atherosclerotic plaque: role of SAF-1 in the induction process. Circ. Res. 95, 1082-1090.
133. Ray, A., Shakya, A. and Ray, B. K. (2005) Inflammation-responsive transcription factors SAF-1 and c-Jun/c-Fos promote canine MMP-1 gene expression. Biochim.Biophys.Acta 1732, 53-61.
134. Ray, B. K., Shakya, A. and Ray, A. (2007) Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in arthritic joint is regulated by SAF-1 transcription factor. J. Immunol. 178, 1774-1782.
135. Vallon, R., Freuler, F., Desta-Tsedu, N., Robeva, A., Dawson, J., Wenner, P., Engelhardt, P., Boes, L., Schnyder, J., Tschopp, C., Urfer, R. and Baumann, G. (2001) Serum amyloid A (apoSAA) expression is up-regulated in rheumatoid arthritis and induces transcription of matrix metalloproteinases. J. Immunol. 166, 2801-2807.
136. Su, S. B., Gong, W., Gao, J. L., Shen, W., Murphy, P. M., Oppenheim, J. J. and Wang, J. M. (1999) A seven-transmembrane, Gprotein-coupled receptor, FPRL1, mediates the chemotactic activity of serum amyloid A for human phagocytic cells. J. Exp. Med. 189, 395-402.
137. Badolato, R., Johnston, J. A., Wang, J. M., McVicar, D., Xu, L. L., Oppenheim, J. J. and Kelvin, D. J. (1995) Serum amyloid A includes calcium mobilization and chemotaxis of human monocytes by activating a pertussis toxin-sensitive signaling pathway. J. Immunol. 155, 4004-4010.
138. Brink, C., Dahlen, S. E., Drazen, J., Evans, J. F., Hay, D. W., Nicosia, S., Serhan, C. N., Shimizu, T. and Yokomizo, T. (2003) International Union of Pharmacology XXXVII. Nomenclature for leukotriene and lipoxin receptors. Pharmacol. Rev. 55, 195-227.
139. Sodin-Semrl, S., Spagnolo, A., Mikus, R., Barbaro, B., Varga, J. and Fiore, S. (2004) Opposing regulation of interleukin-8 and NF-kappaB responses by lipoxin A4 and serum amyloid Avia the common lipoxin A receptor. Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol. 17, 145-156.
140. Fiore, S., Romano, M., Reardon, E. M. and Serhan, C. N. (1993) Induction of functional lipoxin A4 receptors in HL-60 cells. Blood 81, 3395-3403.
141. Kang, Y., Taddeo, B., Varai, G., Varga, J. and Fiore, S. (2000) Mutations of serine 236-237 and tyrosine 302 residues in the human lipoxin A4 receptor intracellular domains result in sustained signaling. Biochemistry 39, 13551-13557.
142. Chiang, N., Fierro, I. M., Gronert, K. and Serhan, C. N. (2000) Activation of lipoxin A(4) receptors by aspirin-triggered lipoxins and select peptides evokes ligand-specific responses in inflammation. J. Exp. Med. 191, 1197-1208.
143. El Kebir, D., Jozsef, L., Khreiss, T., Pan, W., Petasis, N. A., Serhan, C. N. and Filep, J. G. (2007) Aspirin-triggered lipoxins override the apoptosis-delaying action of serum amyloid A in human neutrophils: a novel mechanism for resolution of inflammation. J. Immunol. 179, 616-622.
144. Wu, S. H., Lu, C., Dong, L., Zhou, G. P., He, Z. G. and Chen, Z. Q. (2005) High dose of lipoxin A4 induces apoptosis in rat renal interstitial fibroblasts. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids 73, 127-137.
145. Godson, C., Mitchell, S., Harvey, K., Petasis, N. A., Hogg, N. and Brady, H. R. (2000) Cutting edge: lipoxins rapidly stimulate nonphlogistic phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils by monocyte-derived macrophages. J. Immunol. 164, 1663-1667.
146. Mitchell, S., Thomas, G., Harvey, K., Cottell, D., Reville, K., Berlasconi, G., Petasis, N. A., Erwig, L., Rees, A. J., Savill, J., Brady, H. R. and Godson, C. (2002) Lipoxins, aspirin-triggered epi-lipoxins, lipoxin stable analogues, and the resolution of inflammation: stimulation of macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils in vivo. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 13, 2497-2507.
147. El Kebir, D., Jozsef, L. and Filep, J. G. (2008) Opposing regulation of neutrophil apoptosis through the formyl peptide receptor-like 1/lipoxin A4 receptor: implications for resolution of inflammation. J. Leukoc. Biol. (in press).
148. Christenson, K., Bjorkman, L., Tangemo, C. and Bylund, J. (2008) Serum amyloid A inhibits apoptosis of human neutrophils via a P2X7-sensitive pathway independent of formyl peptide receptor-like 1. J. Leukoc. Biol. 83, 139-148.
149. Kho, Y., Kim, S., Yoon, B. S., Moon, J. H., Kim, B., Kwak, S., Woo, J., Oh, S., Hong, K., Kim, H., You, S. and Choi, Y. (2008) Induction of serum amyloid A genes is associated with growth and apoptosis of HC11 mammary epithelial cells. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 72, 70-81.
150. Feldmann, M., Brennan, F. M. and Maini, R. N. (1996) Rheumatoid arthritis. Cell 85, 307-310.
151. Firestein, G. S. (1996) Invasive fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Passive responders or transformed aggressors? Arthritis Rheum. 39, 1781-1790.
152. Firestein, G. S., Echeverri, F., Yeo, M., Zvaifler, N. J. and Green, D. R. (1997) Somatic mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 94, 10895-10900.
153. Roivainen, A., Jalava, J., Pirila, L., Yli-Jama, T., Tiusanen, H. and Toivanen, P. (1997) H-ras oncogene point mutations in arthritic synovium. Arthritis Rheum. 40, 1636-1643.
154. Lee, M. S., Yoo, S. A., Cho, C. S., Suh, P. G., Kim, W. U. and Ryu, S. H. (2006) Serum amyloid A binding to formyl peptide receptor-like 1 induces synovial hyperplasia and angiogenesis. J. Immunol. 177, 5585-5594.
155. Xu, L., Badolato, R., Murphy, W. J., Longo, D. L., Anver, M., Hale, S., Oppenheim, J. J. and Wang, J. M. (1995) A novel biologic function of serum amyloid A. Induction of T lymphocyte migration and adhesion. J. Immunol. 155, 1184-1190.
156. Badolato, R., Wang, J. M., Murphy, W. J., Lloyd, A. R., Michiel, D. F., Bausserman, L. L., Kelvin, D. J. and Oppenheim, J. J. (1994) Serum amyloid A is a chemoattractant: induction of migration, adhesion, and tissue infiltration of monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J. Exp. Med. 180, 203-209.
157. Bjçrkman, L., Karlsson, J., Karlsson, A., Rabiet, M., Boulay, F., Fu, H., Bylung, J. and Dahlgren, C. (2008) Serum amyloid A mediates human neutrophil production or reactive oxygen species through a receptor independent of formyl peptide receptor like-1. J. Leukoc. Biol. 83, 245-253.
158. Tosi, M. R. and Tugnoli, V. (2005) Cholesteryl esters in malignancy. Clin. Chim. Acta 359, 27-45.
159. Pussinen, P. J., Karten, B., Wintersperger, A., Reicher, H., McLean, M., Malle, E. and Sattler, W. (2000) The human breast carcinoma cell line HBL-100 acquires exogenous cholesterol from high-density lipoprotein via CLA-1 (CD-36 and LIMPII analogous 1)-mediated selective cholesteryl ester uptake. Biochem. J. 349, 559-566.
160. Wadsack, C., Hirschmugl, B., Hammer, A., Levak-Frank, S., Kozarsky, K. F., Sattler, W. and Malle, E. (2003) Scavenger receptor class B, type I on non-malignant and malignant human epithelial cells mediates cholesteryl ester-uptake from high density lipoproteins. Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biol. 35, 441-454.
161. Wadsack, C., Hrzenjak, A., Hammer, A., Hirschmugl, B., Levak-Frank, S., Desoye, G., Sattler, W. and Malle, E. (2003) Trophoblast-like human choriocarcinoma cells serve as a suitable in vitro model for selective cholesteryl ester uptake from high density lipoproteins. Eur. J. Biochem. 270, 451-462.
162. Baranova, I. N., Vishnyakova, T. G., Bocharov, A. V., Kurlander, R., Chen, Z., Kimelman, M. L., Remaley, A. T., Csako, G., Thomas, F., Eggerman, T. L. and Patterson, A. P. (2005) Serum amyloid A binding to CLA-1 (CD36 and LIMPII Analogous-1) mediates serum amyloid A protein-induced activation of ERK1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 8031-8040.
163. Cai, L., de Beer, M. C., de Beer, F. C. and van der Westhuyzen, D. R. (2005) Serum amyloid A is a ligand for scavenger receptor class B type I and inhibits high density lipoprotein binding and selective lipid uptake. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 2954-2961.
164. Marsche, G., Frank, S., Raynes, J. G., Kozarsky, K. F., Sattler, W. and Malle, E. (2007) The lipidation status of acute-phase protein serum amyloid A determines cholesterol mobilization via scavenger receptor class B, type I. Biochem. J. 402, 117-124.
165. Artl, A., Marsche, G., Lestavel, S., Sattler, W. and Malle, E. (2000) Role of serum amyloid A during metabolism of acutephase HDL by macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 20, 763-772.
166. Hirano, K., Yamashita, S., Nakagawa, Y., Ohya, T., Matsuura, F., Tsukamoto, K., Okamoto, Y., Matsuyama, A., Matsumoto, K., Miyagawa, J. and Matsuzawa, Y. (1999) Expression of human scavenger receptor class B type I in cultured human monocyte-derived macrophages and atherosclerotic lesions. Circ. Res. 85, 108-116.
167. Banka, C. L., Yuan, T., de Beer, M. C., Kindy, M., Curtiss, L. K. and de Beer, F. C. (1995) Serum amyloid A (SAA): influence on HDL-mediated cellular cholesterol efflux. J. Lipid Res. 36, 1058-1065.
168. Artl, A., Marsche, G., Pussinen, P., Knipping, G., Sattler, W. and Malle, E. (2002) Impaired capacity of acute-phase high density lipoprotein particles to deliver cholesteryl ester to the human HUH-7 hepatoma cell line. Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biol. 34, 370-381.
169. van der Westhuyzen, D. R., Cai, L., de Beer, M. C. and de Beer, F. C. (2005) Serum amyloid A promotes cholesterol efflux mediated by scavenger receptor B-I. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 35890-35895.
170. Abe-Dohmae, S., Kato, K. H., Kumon, Y., Hu, W., Ishigami, H., Iwamoto, N., Okazaki, M., Wu, C. A., Tsujita, M., Ueda, K. and Yokoyama, S. (2006) Serum amyloid A generates high density lipoprotein with cellular lipid in an ABCA1- or ABCA7-dependent manner. J. Lipid Res. 47, 1542-1550.
171. Stonik, J. A., Remaley, A. T., Demosky, S. J., Neufeld, E. B., Bocharov, A. and Brewer, H. B. (2004) Serum amyloid A promotes ABCA1-dependent and ABCA1-independent lipid efflux from cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 321, 936-941.
172. Hu, W., Abe-Dohmae, S., Tsujita, M., Iwamoto, N., Ogikubo, O., Otsuka, T., Kumon, Y. and Yokoyama, S. (2008) Biogenesis of HDL by SAA is dependent on ABCA1 in the liver in vivo. J. Lipid Res. 49, 386-393.
173. Liang, J. S. and Sipe, J. D. (1995) Recombinant human serum amyloid A (apoSAAp) binds cholesterol and modulates cholesterol flux. J. Lipid Res. 36, 37-46.
174. Liang, J. S., Schreiber, B. M., Salmona, M., Phillip, G., Gonnerman, W. A., de Beer, F. C. and Sipe, J. D. (1996) Amino terminal region of acute phase, but not constitutive, serum amyloid A (apoSAA) specifically binds and transports cholesterol into aortic smooth muscle and HepG2 cells. J. Lipid Res. 37, 2109-2116.
175. Kisilevsky, R., Lindhorst, E., Ancsin, J. B., Young, D. and Bagshaw, W. (1996) Acute phase serum amyloid A (SAA) and cholesterol transport during acute inflammation: A hypothesis. Amyloid: Int. J. Exp. Clin. Invest. 3, 252-260.
176. Gonnerman, W. A., Lim, M., Sipe, J. D., Hayes, K. C. and Cathcart, E. S. (1996) The acute phase response in Syrian hamsters elevates apolipoprotein serum amyloid A (apo-SAA) and disrupts lipoprotein metabolism Amyloid: Int. J. Exp. Clin. Invest. 3, 261-269.
177. Cai, H., Song, C., Endoh, I., Goyette, J., Jessup, W., Freedman, S. B., McNeil, H. P. and Geczy, C. L. (2007) Serum amyloid A induces monocyte tissue factor. J. Immunol. 178, 1852-1860.
178. Schmidt, A. M., Yan, S. D., Yan, S. F. and Stern, D. M. (2001) The multiligand receptor RAGE as a progression factor amplifying immune and inflammatory responses. J. Clin. Invest. 108, 949-955.
179. Okamoto, H., Katagiri, Y., Kiire, A., Momohara, S. and Kamatani, N. (2008) Serum amyloid A activates nuclear factor-kappaB in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts through binding to receptor of advanced glycation end-products. J. Rheumatol. 35, 752-756.
180. Yan, S. D., Zhu, H., Zhu, A., Golabek, A., Du, H., Roher, A., Yu, J., Soto, C., Schmidt, A. M., Stern, D. and Kindy, M. (2000) Receptor-dependent cell stress and amyloid accumulation in systemic amyloidosis. Nat. Med. 6, 643-651.
181. Nion, S., Briand, O., Lestavel, S., Torpier, G., Nazih, F., Delbart, C., Fruchart, J. C. and Clavey, V. (1997) High-density-lipoprotein subfraction 3 interaction with glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins. Biochem. J. 328, 415-423.
182. Mikesch, J. H., Schier, K., Roetger, A., Simon, R., Buerger, H. and Brandt, B. (2006) The expression and action of decay-accelerating factor (CD55) in human malignancies and cancer therapy. Cell. Oncol. 28, 223-232.
183. Walder, K., Kantham, L., McMillan, J. S., Trevaskis, J., Kerr, L., De Silva, A., Sunderland, T., Godde, N., Gao, Y., Bishara, N., Windmill, K., Tenne-Brown, J., Augert, G., Zimmet, P. Z. and Collier, G. R. (2002) Tanis: a link between type-2 diabetes and inflammation? Diabetes 51, 1859-1866.
184. Sandri, S., Rodriguez, D., Gomes, E., Monteiro, H. P., Russo, M. and Campa, A. (2008) Is serum amyloid A an endogenous TLR4 agonist? J. Leukoc. Biol. 83, 1174-1180.
185. Cheng, N., He, R., Tian, J., Ye, P. P. and Ye, R. D. (2008) Cutting Edge: TLR2 is a functional receptor for acute-phase serum amyloid A. J. Immunol. 181, 22-26.
186. Ghezzi, P., Bertini, R., Bianchi, M., Erroi, A., Mengozzi, M., Delgado, R., Giavazzi, R., Bartle, L. and Sipe, J. D. (1993) Serum amyloid A induction in tumor-bearing mice: evidence for a tumor-derived mediator. Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol. 6, 169-186.
187. Kamate, C., Baloul, S., Grootenboer, S., Pessis, E., Chevrot, A., Tulliez, M., Marchiol, C., Viguier, M. and Fradelizi, D. (2002) Inflammation and cancer, the mastocytoma P815 tumor model revisited: triggering of macrophage activation in vivo with pro-tumorigenic consequences. Int. J. Cancer 100, 571-579.
188. Yokoi, K., Shih, L. C., Kobayashi, R., Koomen, J., Hawke, D., Li, D., Hamilton, S. R., Abbruzzese, J. L., Coombes, K. R. and Fidler, I. J. (2005) Serum amyloid A as a tumor marker in sera of nude mice with orthotopic human pancreatic cancer and in plasma of patients with pancreatic cancer. Int. J. Oncol. 27, 1361-1369.
189. McLean, M., Wallace, H. L., Sharma, A., Hill, H. C., Sabel, M. S. and Egilmez, N. K. (2004) A BALB/c murine lung alveolar carcinoma used to establish a surgical spontaneous metastasis model. Clin. Exp. Metastasis 21, 363-369.
190. Kristiansson, M. H., Bhat, V. B., Babu, I. R., Wishnok, J. S. and Tannenbaum, S. R. (2007) Comparative time-dependent analysis of potential inflammation biomarkers in lymphoma-bearing SJL mice. J. Proteome Res. 6, 1735-1744.
191. Bhat, V. B., Choi, M. H., Wishnok, J. S. and Tannenbaum, S. R. (2005) Comparative plasma proteome analysis of lymphoma-bearing SJL mice. J. Proteome Res. 4, 1814-1825.
192. Juan, H. F., Chen, J. H., Hsu, W. T., Huang, S. C., Chen, S. T., Yi-Chung Lin, J., Chang, Y. W., Chiang, C. Y., Wen, L. L., Chan, D. C., Liu, Y. C. and Chen, Y. J. (2004) Identification of tumor-associated plasma biomarkers using proteomic techniques: from mouse to human. Proteomics 4, 2766-2775.
193. Thompson, H. A., Burson, J. M., Lang, J. A., Gross, K. W. and Sigmund, C. D. (1995) Tissue-specific expression of novel messenger ribonucleic acids cloned from a renin-expressing kidney tumor cell line (As4.1). Endocrinology 136, 3037-3045.
194. Fontana, A., McAdam, K. P., Kristensen, F. and Weber, E. (1983) Biological and biochemical characterization of an interleukin 1-like factor from rat C6 glioma cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 13, 685-689.
195. Chiarella, P., Vulcano, M., Bruzzo, J., Vermeulen, M., Vanzulli, S., Maglioco, A., Camerano, G., Palacios, V., Fernandez, G., Brando, R. F., Isturiz, M. A., Dran, G. I., Bustuoabad, O. D. and Ruggiero, R. A. (2008) Anti-inflammatory pretreatment enables an efficient dendritic cell-based immunotherapy against established tumors. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 57, 701-718.
196. Strey, C. W., Winters, M. S., Markiewski, M. M. and Lambris, J. D. (2005) Partial hepatectomy induced liver proteome changes in mice. Proteomics 5, 318-325.
197. Hayashida, Y., Honda, K., Osaka, Y., Hara, T., Umaki, T., Tsuchida, A., Aoki, T., Hirohashi, S. and Yamada, T. (2005) Possible prediction of chemoradiosensitivity of esophageal cancer by serum protein profiling. Clin. Cancer Res. 11, 8042-8047.
198. Diamandis, E. P. (2004) Identification of serum amyloid A protein as a potentially useful biomarker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 10, 5293; author reply 5293-5294.
199. Stroncek, D. F., Burns, C., Martin, B. M., Rossi, L., Marincola, F. M. and Panelli, M. C. (2005) Advancing cancer biotherapy with proteomics. J. Immunother. 28, 183-192.
200. Lavie, M., Voisset, C., Vu-Dac, N., Zurawski, V., Duverlie, G., Wychowski, C. and Dubuisson, J. (2006) Serum amyloid A has antiviral activity against hepatitis C virus by inhibiting virus entry in a cell culture system. Hepatology 44, 1626-1634.
201. Hari-Dass, R., Shah, C., Meyer, D. J. and Raynes, J. G. (2005) Serum amyloid A protein binds to outer membrane protein A of Gram-negative bacteria. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 18562-18567.
202. Zhang, N., Ahsan, M. H., Purchio, A. F. and West, D. B. (2005) Serum amyloid A-luciferase transgenic mice: response to sepsis, acute arthritis, and contact hypersensitivity and the effects of proteasome inhibition. J. Immunol, 174, 8125-8134.
203. He, Q. Y., Zhu, R., Lei, T., Ng, M. Y., Luk, J. M., Sham, P., Lau, G. K. and Chiu, J. F. (2008) Toward the proteomic identification of biomarkers for the prediction of HBV related hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Cell. Biochem. 103, 740-752.