Endothelial Activation and the Initiation of Atherosclerosis

Endothelial Dysfunctions in Vascular Disease

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 26-35

  De Caterina, Raffaele ^a,b   Zampolli, Antonella ^c,d   Lazzerini, Guido ^b   Libby, Peter ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CHIETI   (Italy)

^b INSTITUTE OF CLINICAL PHYSIOLOGY   (Italy)

^c AARHUS UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

^d SCUOLA SUPERIORE SANT ANNA   (Italy)

^e BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Atherosclerosis; Endothelial cell; Leukocyte binding; Monocyte adhesion; Transcription factors

Indexed keywords

EID: 56749180376     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470988473.ch2     Document Type: Chapter

References (72)

1. The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994;344:1383-1389.
2. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) Trial Investigators. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1001-1009.
3. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation,and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). J Am Med Assoc 2001; 285:2486-2497.
4. Ross R. Atherosclerosis - an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med 1999;340:115-126.
5. Libby P, Ridker P, Maseri A. Inflammation and atherosclerosis. Circulation 2002;105:1135-1143.
6. Glagov S, Zarins C, Giddens D, et al.Hemodynamics and atherosclerosis. Insights and perspectives gained from studies of human arteries. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1988; 112:1018-1031.
7. Gimbrone MA, Kume N, Cybulsky MI. Vascular endothelial dysfunction and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In:Weber P, Leaf A, eds. Atherosclerosis Reviews. New York: Raven Press; 1993.
8. Stary HC, Chandler AB, Dinsmore RE. A definition of advanced types of atherosclerotic lesions and a histological classification of atherosclerosis: a report from the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Atherosclerosis, American Heart Association. Circulation 1995;92:1355-1374.
9. Napoli C, D'Armiento F,Mancini F, et al. Fatty streak formation occurs in human fetal aortas and is greatly enhanced by maternal hypercholesterolemia. J Clin Invest 1997;100:2680-2690.
10. Stary HC. Macrophage, macrophage-foam cell, and eccentric intimal thickening in the coronary arteries of young children. Atherosclerosis 1987;64:91-108.
11. Gerrity R. The role of monocyte in atherogenesis. Am J Pathol 1981;103:181-200.
12. Stary H, Chandler A, Glagov S. A definition of initial, fatty streak, and intermediate lesions of atherosclerosis: a report from the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Atherosclerosis,American Heart Association. Circulation 1994;89:2462-2478.
13. Faggiotto A, Ross R, Harker L. Studies of hypercholesterolemia in the nonhuman primate. I. Changes that lead to fatty streak formation. Arteriosclerosis 1984;4:323-340.
14. Faggiotto A, Ross R. Studies of hypercholesterolemia in the nonhuman primate. II. Fatty streak conversion to fibrous plaque. Arteriosclerosis 1984;4:341-356.
15. Springer TA. Traffic signals for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte emigration: the multistep paradigm. Cell 1994;76:301-314.
16. Carlos TM, Harlan JM. Leukocyte-endothelial adhesion molecules. Blood 1994;84:2068-2101.
17. Vora DK, Fang ZT, Liva SM, et al. Induction of P-selectin by oxidized lipoproteins. Separate effects on synthesis and surface expression. Circ Res 1997;80:810-818.
18. Johnson RC, Chapman SM, Dong ZM, et al. Absence of P-selectin delays fatty streak formation in mice. J Clin Invest 1997;99:1037-1043.
19. Dong Z, Chapman S, Brown A, et al. The combined role of P- and E-selectins in atherosclerosis. J Clin Invest 1998;102.
20. Cybulsky MI, Gimbrone MA. Endothelial expression of a mononuclear leukocyte adhesion molecule during atherogenesis. Science 1991;251:788-791.
21. Li H, Cybulsky MI, Gimbrone MA, et al. An atherogenic diet rapidly induces VCAM-1, a cytokine regulatable mononuclear leukocyte adhesion molecule, in rabbit endothelium. Arterioscler Thromb 1993;13:197-204.
22. Iiyama K, Hajra L, Iiyama M, et al. Patterns of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule- 1 expression in rabbit and mouse atherosclerotic lesions and at sites predisposed to lesion formation. Circ Res 1999;85:199-207.
23. Cybulsky MI, Iiyama K, Li H, et al.Major role for VCAM-1 but not ICAM-1, in early atherosclerosis. J Clin Invest 2001;107:1255-1262.
24. Berliner J, Territo M, Sevanian A, et al.Minimally modified low density lipoprotein stimulates monocyte endothelial interactions. J Clin Invest 1990;85:1260-1266.
25. Kume N, Cybulsky MI, Gimbrone MA. Lysophosphatidylcholine, a component of atherogenic lipoproteins, induces mononuclear leukocyte adhesion molecules in cultured human and rabbit arterial endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 1992;90:1138-1144.
26. Schmidt AM, Hori O, Chen JX, et al. Advanced glycation endproducts interacting with their endothelial receptor induce expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in cultured human endothelial cells and in mice. A potential mechanism for the accelerated vasculopathy of diabetes. J Clin Invest 1995;96:1395-1403.
27. Basta G, Lazzerini G,Massaro M, et al.Advanced glycation end products activate endothelium through signaltransduction receptor RAGE: a mechanism for amplification of inflammatory responses. Circulation 2002; 105:816-822.
28. Collins T. Biology of disease: endothelial nuclear factor-?B and the initiation of the atherosclerotic lesion. Lab Invest 1993;88:499-508.
29. Brand K, Page S, Rogler G, et al. Activated transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B is present in the atherosclerotic lesion. J Clin Invest 1996; 97:1715-1722.
30. Boring L, Gosling J, Cleary M, et al. Decreased lesion formation in CCR2-/-mice reveals a role for chemokines in the initiation of atherosclerosis. Nature 1998; 394:894-897.
31. Gu L, Okada Y, Clinton S, et al. Absence of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 reduces atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein-deficient mice. Mol Cel 1998;2:275-281.
32. Mach F, Sauty A, Iarossi A, et al. Differential expression of three T lymphocyte-activating CXC chemokines by human atheroma associated cells. J Clin Invest 1999;104:1041-1050.
33. Mehrabian M, Allayee H,Wong J, et al. Identification of 5-lipoxygenase as a major gene contributing to atherosclerosis susceptibility in mice. Circ Res 2002;91:120-126.
34. Clinton SK, Underwood R, Sherman ML, et al. Macrophage-colony stimulating factor gene expression in vascular cells and in experimental and human atherosclerosis. Am J Path 1992;140:301-316.
35. Ross R. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990s. Nature 1993;362:801-809.
36. Qiao JH, Tripathi J, Mishia NK, et al. Role of machrophage colony-stimulating factor in atherosclerosis: studies of osteopetrotic mice. Am J Pathol 1997;150: 1687-1699.
37. Krieger M, Acton S, Ashkenas J, et al.Molecular flypaper, host defense, and atherosclerosis. Structure, binding properties, and functions of macrophage scavenger receptors. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:4569-4572.
38. Endemann G, Stanton L, Madden K, et al. CD36 is a receptor for oxidized low density lipoprotein. J Biol Chem 1993;268:11811-11816.
39. Ramprasad MP, Terpstra V, Kondratenko N, et al. Cell surface expression of mouse macrosialin and human CD68 and their role as macrophage receptors for oxidized low density lipoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:14833-14838.
40. Acton S, Rigotti A, Landschulz KT, et al. Identification of scavenger receptor SR-BI as a high density lipoprotein receptor. Science 1996;271: 518-520.
41. Sawamura T, Kume N, Aoyama T, et al. An endothelial receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Nature 1997;386:73-77.
42. Minami M, Kume N, Shimaoka T, et al. Expression of SR-PSOX, a novel cell-surface scavenger receptor for phosphatidylserine and oxidized LDL in human atherosclerotic lesions. Atheroscl Thromb Vasc Biol 2000; 2001:1796-1800.
43. Williams KJ, Tabas I. The response-to-retention theory of early atherogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995;15:551.
44. Skalen K, Gustafsson M, Rydberg EK, et al. Subendothelial retention of atherogenic lipoproteins in early atherosclerosis. Nature 2002;417:750-754.
45. Khoo JC, Miller E, McLoughlin P, et al. Enhanced macrophage uptake of low density lipoprotein after selfaggregation. Arteriosclerosis 1988;8:348-358.
46. Hurt E, Camejo G. Effect of arterial proteoglycans on the interaction of LDL with human monocyte-derived macrophages. Atherosclerosis 1987;67:115-126.
47. Klimov AN, Denisenko AD, Popov AV, et al. Lipoproteinantibody immune complexes: their catabolism and role in foam cell formation. Atherosclerosis 1985;58:1-15.
48. Heinecke J, Suits A, Aviram M, et al. Phagocytosis of lipase-aggregated low density lipoprotein promotes macrophage foam cell formation: sequential morphological and biochemical events. Arterioscler Thromb 1991; 11:1643-1651.
49. Bhakdi S, Dorweiler B, Kirchmann R, et al. On the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: enzymatic transformation of human low density lipoprotein to an atherogenic moiety. J Exp Med 1995;182:1959-1971.
50. Parthasarathy S, Rankin SM. Role of oxidized low density lipoprotein in atherogenesis. Prog Lipid Res 1992;31.
51. Steinberg D. Oxidative modification of LDL and atherogenesis. Circulation 1997;95:1062-1071.
52. Kita T,Kume N,Minami M, et al. Role of oxidized LDL in atherosclerosis. Ann NY Acad Sci 2001;947:199-205.
53. Friedman P, Horkko S, Steinberg D, et al. Correlation of antiphospholipid antibody recognition with the structure of synthetic oxidized phospholipids: importance of Schiff base formation and Aldol condensation. J Biol Chem 2001;14:14.
54. Witzum JL, Berliner J. Oxidized phospholipids and isoprostanes in atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Lipidol 1998; 9:441-448.
55. Rizza C, Leitinger N,Yue J, et al. Lysophosphatidic acid as a regulator of endothelial/leukocyte interaction. Lab Invest 1999;79:1227-1235.
56. Leitinger N, Tyner TR, Oslund L, et al. Structurally similar oxidized phospholipids differentially regulate endothelial binding of monocytes and neutrophils. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999;96:12010-12015.
57. Subbanagounder G, Wong JW, Lee H, et al. Epoxyisoprostane and epoxycyclopentenone phospholipids regulate monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and interleukin-8 synthesis. Formation of these oxidized phospholipids in response to interleukin-1 beta. J Biol Chem 2001;277:7271-7281.
58. Gimbrone MA, Topper JN, Nagel T, et al. Endothelial dysfunction, hemodynamic forces, and atherogenesis. Ann NY Acad Sci 2000; 902: 230-239.
59. Gimbrone MA, Nagel T, Topper JN. Biomechanical activation: an emerging paradigm in endothelial adhesion biology. J Clin Invest 1997;99.
60. Topper JN, Cai J, Falb D, et al. Identification of vascular endothelial genes differentially responsive to fluid mechanical stimuli: cyclooxygenase-2, manganese superoxide dismutase, and endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase are selectively up-regulated by steady laminar shear stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93: 10417-10422.
61. Lefer AM,Ma XL. Decreased basal nitric oxide release in hypercholesterolemia increases neutrophil adherence to rabbit coronary artery endothelium. Arterioscler Thromb 1993;13:771-776.
62. De Caterina R, Libby P, Peng H-B, et al. Nitric oxide decreases cytokine-induced endothelial activation. J Clin Invest 1995;96:60-68.
63. Peng H-B, Libby P, Liao JK. Induction and stabilization of I kappa B alpha by nitric oxide mediates inhibition of NF-kappa B. J Biol Chem 1995;270:14214-14219.
64. Laufs U, Liao JK. Targeting Rho in cardiovascular disease. Circ Res 2000;87:526-528.
65. Kureishi Y, Luo Z, Shiojima I, et al. The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin activates the protein kinase Akt and promotes angiogenesis in normocholesterolemic animals. Nat Med 2000;6:1004-1010.
66. De Caterina R, Manes C. Inflammation in early atherogenesis: impact of ACE-inhibition. Eur Heart J Suppl 2003;5(Suppl A):A15-A24.
67. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Study Group. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE): main results. In: American Heart Association 72nd Scientific Sessions - Special Session IV - Clinical Trial Results - November 10 1999. Atlanta, Georgia; 1999.
68. De Caterina R, Cybulsky MI, Clinton SK, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids and endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecules. Prostagl Leukot Ess Fatty Acid 1995;52:192-195.
69. Massaro M, Carluccio MA, Bonfrate C, et al. The double bond in unsaturated fatty acids is the necessary and sufficient requirement for the inhibition of expression of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecules through interference with nuclear factor-kappa B activation. Lipids 1999;34:S213-S214.
70. Carluccio MA, Massaro M, Bonfrate C, et al. Oleic acid inhibits endothelial activation: a direct vascular antiatherogenic mechanism of a nutritional component in the mediterranean diet. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999;19:220-228.
71. Massaro M, Carluccio MA, Paolicchi A, et al. Mechanisms for reduction of endothelial activation by oleate: inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B through antioxidant effects. Prostagl Leukot Ess Fatty Acid 2002 ;67:175-181.
72. Joris I, Zand T, Nunnari JJ, et al. Studies on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. I. Adhesion and emigration of mononuclear cells in the aorta of hypercholesterolemic rats. Am J Pathol 1983; 113: 341-358.