메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 11, 2008, Pages 685-697

Vaginal microbicides and the prevention of HIV transmission

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

'AMPHORA'; 4 BENZOYL 1 [(4 METHOXY 1H PYRROLO[2,3 B]PYRIDIN 3 YL)OXOACETYL] 2 METHYLPIPERAZINE; ACIDFORM; C31G; CARBOPOL 974P; CARRAGEENAN; CELLACEFATE; CELLULOSE SULFATE; CYANOVIRIN N; DAPIVIRINE; DODECYL SULFATE SODIUM; EMTRICITABINE; ENFUVIRTIDE; INVISIBLE CONDOM; MICROBICIDE; N [3 [4 (3 BENZYL 1 ETHYL 5 PYRAZOLYL) 1 PIPERIDINYLMETHYL] 4 (3 FLUOROPHENYL)CYCLOPENTYL] N METHYLVALINE; N [4 CHLORO 3 (3 METHYL 2 BUTENYLOXY)PHENYL] 2 METHYL 3 FURANCARBOTHIOAMIDE; NAPHTHALENE SULFONATE; NONOXINOL 9; PLACEBO; PLANT EXTRACT; PRANEEM; PRO 2000; PSC RANTES; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITOR; SAVVY; SURFACTANT; TENOFOVIR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VAGINAL MILIEU PROTECTOR; VIRAL ENTRY INHIBITOR; VIVAGEL;

EID: 53949100884     PISSN: 14733099     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(08)70254-8     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (152)

References (172)
  • 4
    • 33751021108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbicides: a new frontier in HIV prevention
    • McGowan I. Microbicides: a new frontier in HIV prevention. Biologicals 34 (2006) 241-255
    • (2006) Biologicals , vol.34 , pp. 241-255
    • McGowan, I.1
  • 6
    • 0022898482 scopus 로고
    • Sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus
    • Peterman T.A., and Curran J.W. Sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. JAMA 256 (1986) 2222-2226
    • (1986) JAMA , vol.256 , pp. 2222-2226
    • Peterman, T.A.1    Curran, J.W.2
  • 7
    • 0025738174 scopus 로고
    • Female-to-male transmission of human immunodeficiency virus
    • Padian N.S., Shiboski S.C., and Jewell N.P. Female-to-male transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. JAMA 266 (1991) 1664-1667
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.266 , pp. 1664-1667
    • Padian, N.S.1    Shiboski, S.C.2    Jewell, N.P.3
  • 8
    • 0030117206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probability of heterosexual transmission of HIV: relationship to the number of unprotected sexual contacts
    • Downs A.M., and De Vincenzi I. Probability of heterosexual transmission of HIV: relationship to the number of unprotected sexual contacts. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 11 (1996) 388-395
    • (1996) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol , vol.11 , pp. 388-395
    • Downs, A.M.1    De Vincenzi, I.2
  • 9
    • 0035970644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral burden in genital secretions determines male-to-female sexual transmission of HIV-1: a probabilistic empiric model
    • Chakraboty H., Sen P.K., Helms R.W., et al. Viral burden in genital secretions determines male-to-female sexual transmission of HIV-1: a probabilistic empiric model. AIDS 15 (2001) 621-627
    • (2001) AIDS , vol.15 , pp. 621-627
    • Chakraboty, H.1    Sen, P.K.2    Helms, R.W.3
  • 11
    • 0032992313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual, contraceptive, and drug use behaviors of women with HIV and those at high risk for infection: results from the Women's Interagency HIV Study
    • Wilson T.E., Massad L.S., Riester K.A., et al. Sexual, contraceptive, and drug use behaviors of women with HIV and those at high risk for infection: results from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. AIDS 13 (1999) 591-598
    • (1999) AIDS , vol.13 , pp. 591-598
    • Wilson, T.E.1    Massad, L.S.2    Riester, K.A.3
  • 13
    • 49349098903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rethinking the heterosexual infectivity of HIV-1: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Powers K.A., Poole C., Pettifor A.E., and Cohen M.S. Rethinking the heterosexual infectivity of HIV-1: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 8 (2008) 553-563
    • (2008) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.8 , pp. 553-563
    • Powers, K.A.1    Poole, C.2    Pettifor, A.E.3    Cohen, M.S.4
  • 14
    • 2142807626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brief but efficient: acute HIV infection and the sexual transmission of HIV
    • Pilcher C.D., Tien H.C., Eron J.J., et al. Brief but efficient: acute HIV infection and the sexual transmission of HIV. J Infect Dis 189 (2004) 1785-1792
    • (2004) J Infect Dis , vol.189 , pp. 1785-1792
    • Pilcher, C.D.1    Tien, H.C.2    Eron, J.J.3
  • 15
    • 20244368227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rates of HIV-1 transmission per coital act, by stage of HIV-1 infection, in Rakai, Uganda
    • Wawer M.J., Gray R.H., Sewankambo N.K., et al. Rates of HIV-1 transmission per coital act, by stage of HIV-1 infection, in Rakai, Uganda. J Infect Dis 191 (2005) 1403-1409
    • (2005) J Infect Dis , vol.191 , pp. 1403-1409
    • Wawer, M.J.1    Gray, R.H.2    Sewankambo, N.K.3
  • 16
    • 28444460441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, controlled intervention trial of male circumcision for reduction of HIV infection risk: the ANRS 1265 Trial
    • Auvert B., Taljaard D., Lagarde E., Sobngwi-Tambekou J., Sitta R., and Puren A. Randomized, controlled intervention trial of male circumcision for reduction of HIV infection risk: the ANRS 1265 Trial. PLoS Med 2 (2005) e298
    • (2005) PLoS Med , vol.2
    • Auvert, B.1    Taljaard, D.2    Lagarde, E.3    Sobngwi-Tambekou, J.4    Sitta, R.5    Puren, A.6
  • 17
    • 33847151707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: a randomised controlled trial
    • Bailey R.C., Moses S., Parker C.B., et al. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 369 (2007) 643-656
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.369 , pp. 643-656
    • Bailey, R.C.1    Moses, S.2    Parker, C.B.3
  • 18
    • 33847104829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male circumcision for HIV prevention in men in Rakai, Uganda: a randomised trial
    • Gray R.H., Kigozi G., Serwadda D., et al. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in men in Rakai, Uganda: a randomised trial. Lancet 369 (2007) 657-666
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.369 , pp. 657-666
    • Gray, R.H.1    Kigozi, G.2    Serwadda, D.3
  • 19
    • 0346494732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of DC-SIGN in human foreskin may facilitate sexual transmission of HIV
    • Soilleux E.J., and Coleman N. Expression of DC-SIGN in human foreskin may facilitate sexual transmission of HIV. J Clin Pathol 57 (2004) 77-78
    • (2004) J Clin Pathol , vol.57 , pp. 77-78
    • Soilleux, E.J.1    Coleman, N.2
  • 20
    • 0034053686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro models of mucosal HIV transmission
    • Shattock R.J., Griffin G.E., and Gorodeski G.I. In vitro models of mucosal HIV transmission. Nat Med 6 (2000) 607-608
    • (2000) Nat Med , vol.6 , pp. 607-608
    • Shattock, R.J.1    Griffin, G.E.2    Gorodeski, G.I.3
  • 21
    • 53949096217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hope TJ. Latest understanding of HIV sexual transmission. Microbicides 2008 Conference; New Delhi, India; Feb 24-27, 2008.
    • Hope TJ. Latest understanding of HIV sexual transmission. Microbicides 2008 Conference; New Delhi, India; Feb 24-27, 2008.
  • 22
    • 4644225675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro comparison of topical microbicides for prevention of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission
    • Dezzutti C.S., James V.N., Ramos A., et al. In vitro comparison of topical microbicides for prevention of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48 (2004) 3834-3844
    • (2004) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.48 , pp. 3834-3844
    • Dezzutti, C.S.1    James, V.N.2    Ramos, A.3
  • 23
    • 0037276929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Target cells in vaginal HIV transmission
    • Miller C.J., and Shattock R.J. Target cells in vaginal HIV transmission. Microbes Infect 5 (2003) 59-67
    • (2003) Microbes Infect , vol.5 , pp. 59-67
    • Miller, C.J.1    Shattock, R.J.2
  • 24
    • 33847249013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial events in establishing vaginal entry and infection by human immunodeficiency virus type-1
    • Hladik F., Sakchalathorn P., Ballweber L., et al. Initial events in establishing vaginal entry and infection by human immunodeficiency virus type-1. Immunity 26 (2007) 257-270
    • (2007) Immunity , vol.26 , pp. 257-270
    • Hladik, F.1    Sakchalathorn, P.2    Ballweber, L.3
  • 25
    • 0021320226 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of Haemophilus ducreyi in culture
    • Sturm A.W., and Zanen H.C. Characteristics of Haemophilus ducreyi in culture. J Clin Microbiol 19 (1984) 672-674
    • (1984) J Clin Microbiol , vol.19 , pp. 672-674
    • Sturm, A.W.1    Zanen, H.C.2
  • 26
    • 0023845364 scopus 로고
    • Comparative study of inactivation of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 by commonly used antiseptic agents
    • Croughan W.S., and Behbehani A.M. Comparative study of inactivation of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 by commonly used antiseptic agents. J Clin Microbiol 26 (1988) 213-215
    • (1988) J Clin Microbiol , vol.26 , pp. 213-215
    • Croughan, W.S.1    Behbehani, A.M.2
  • 27
    • 0037009070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examination of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in environments mimicking normal and abnormal vaginal pH
    • Yasin B., Pang M., Wagar E.A., and Lehrer R.I. Examination of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in environments mimicking normal and abnormal vaginal pH. Sex Transm Dis 29 (2002) 514-519
    • (2002) Sex Transm Dis , vol.29 , pp. 514-519
    • Yasin, B.1    Pang, M.2    Wagar, E.A.3    Lehrer, R.I.4
  • 28
    • 0025847568 scopus 로고
    • Viricidal effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus on human immunodeficiency virus type 1: possible role in heterosexual transmission
    • Klebanoff S.J., and Coombs R.W. Viricidal effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus on human immunodeficiency virus type 1: possible role in heterosexual transmission. J Exp Med 174 (1991) 289-292
    • (1991) J Exp Med , vol.174 , pp. 289-292
    • Klebanoff, S.J.1    Coombs, R.W.2
  • 29
    • 0032710330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaginal lactobacilli, microbial flora, and risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and sexually transmitted disease acquisition
    • Martin H.L., Richardson B.A., Nyange P.M., et al. Vaginal lactobacilli, microbial flora, and risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and sexually transmitted disease acquisition. J Infect Dis 180 (1999) 1863-1868
    • (1999) J Infect Dis , vol.180 , pp. 1863-1868
    • Martin, H.L.1    Richardson, B.A.2    Nyange, P.M.3
  • 30
    • 0030789484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 infection associated with abnormal vaginal flora morphology and bacterial vaginosis
    • Sewankambo N., Gray R.H., Wawer M.J., et al. HIV-1 infection associated with abnormal vaginal flora morphology and bacterial vaginosis. Lancet 350 (1997) 546-550
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.350 , pp. 546-550
    • Sewankambo, N.1    Gray, R.H.2    Wawer, M.J.3
  • 31
    • 7344236840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial vaginosis and disturbances of vaginal flora: association with increased acquisition of HIV
    • Taha T.E., Hoover D.R., Dallabetta G.A., et al. Bacterial vaginosis and disturbances of vaginal flora: association with increased acquisition of HIV. AIDS 12 (1998) 1699-1706
    • (1998) AIDS , vol.12 , pp. 1699-1706
    • Taha, T.E.1    Hoover, D.R.2    Dallabetta, G.A.3
  • 32
    • 33645784598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preclinical evaluation of synthetic -2 RANTES as a candidate vaginal microbicide to target CCR5
    • Kish-Catalone T.M., Lu W., Gallo R.C., and DeVico A.L. Preclinical evaluation of synthetic -2 RANTES as a candidate vaginal microbicide to target CCR5. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50 (2006) 1497-1509
    • (2006) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.50 , pp. 1497-1509
    • Kish-Catalone, T.M.1    Lu, W.2    Gallo, R.C.3    DeVico, A.L.4
  • 33
    • 29144449469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 chemokine co-receptor CCR5 is expressed on the surface of human spermatozoa
    • Muciaccia B., Padula F., Gandini L., Lenzi A., and Stefanini M. HIV-1 chemokine co-receptor CCR5 is expressed on the surface of human spermatozoa. AIDS 19 (2005) 1424-1426
    • (2005) AIDS , vol.19 , pp. 1424-1426
    • Muciaccia, B.1    Padula, F.2    Gandini, L.3    Lenzi, A.4    Stefanini, M.5
  • 34
    • 27744468388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective sequestration of X4 isolates by human genital epithelial cells: implication for virus tropism selection process during sexual transmission of HIV
    • Berlier W., Bourlet T., Lawrence P., et al. Selective sequestration of X4 isolates by human genital epithelial cells: implication for virus tropism selection process during sexual transmission of HIV. J Med Virol 77 (2005) 465-474
    • (2005) J Med Virol , vol.77 , pp. 465-474
    • Berlier, W.1    Bourlet, T.2    Lawrence, P.3
  • 36
    • 0032541783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concern voiced over "dry sex" practices in South Africa
    • Baleta A. Concern voiced over "dry sex" practices in South Africa. Lancet 352 (1998) 1292
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 1292
    • Baleta, A.1
  • 37
    • 0021355701 scopus 로고
    • Investigation of microtrauma after sexual intercourse
    • Norvell M.K., Benrubi G.I., and Thompson R.J. Investigation of microtrauma after sexual intercourse. J Reprod Med 29 (1984) 269-271
    • (1984) J Reprod Med , vol.29 , pp. 269-271
    • Norvell, M.K.1    Benrubi, G.I.2    Thompson, R.J.3
  • 38
    • 0037190597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of COL-1492, a nonoxynol-9 vaginal gel, on HIV-1 transmission in female sex workers: a randomized controlled trial
    • Van Damme L., Ramjee G., Alary M., et al. Effectiveness of COL-1492, a nonoxynol-9 vaginal gel, on HIV-1 transmission in female sex workers: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 360 (2002) 971-977
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 971-977
    • Van Damme, L.1    Ramjee, G.2    Alary, M.3
  • 39
    • 0345569681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibiting sexual transmission of HIV-1 infection
    • Shattock R.J., and Moore J.P. Inhibiting sexual transmission of HIV-1 infection. Nat Rev Microbiol 1 (2003) 25-34
    • (2003) Nat Rev Microbiol , vol.1 , pp. 25-34
    • Shattock, R.J.1    Moore, J.P.2
  • 40
    • 0034034688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameters of human immunodeficiency virus infection of human cervical tissue and inhibition by vaginal virucides
    • Greenhead P., Hayes P., Watts P.S., Laing K.G., Griffin G.E., and Shattock R.J. Parameters of human immunodeficiency virus infection of human cervical tissue and inhibition by vaginal virucides. J Virol 74 (2000) 5577-5586
    • (2000) J Virol , vol.74 , pp. 5577-5586
    • Greenhead, P.1    Hayes, P.2    Watts, P.S.3    Laing, K.G.4    Griffin, G.E.5    Shattock, R.J.6
  • 41
    • 28144449069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunological microenvironments in the human vagina and cervix: mediators of cellular immunity are concentrated in the cervical transformation zone
    • Pudney J., Quayle A.J., and Anderson D.J. Immunological microenvironments in the human vagina and cervix: mediators of cellular immunity are concentrated in the cervical transformation zone. Biol Reprod 73 (2005) 1253-1263
    • (2005) Biol Reprod , vol.73 , pp. 1253-1263
    • Pudney, J.1    Quayle, A.J.2    Anderson, D.J.3
  • 42
    • 0032981415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) concentrations in cervical mucus of women with normal menstrual cycle
    • Moriyama A., Shimoya K., Ogata I., et al. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) concentrations in cervical mucus of women with normal menstrual cycle. Mol Hum Reprod 5 (1999) 656-661
    • (1999) Mol Hum Reprod , vol.5 , pp. 656-661
    • Moriyama, A.1    Shimoya, K.2    Ogata, I.3
  • 43
    • 0034704853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constitutive expression of stromal derived factor-1 by mucosal epithelia and its role in HIV transmission and propagation
    • Agace W.W., Amara A., Roberts A.I., et al. Constitutive expression of stromal derived factor-1 by mucosal epithelia and its role in HIV transmission and propagation. Curr Biol 10 (2000) 325-328
    • (2000) Curr Biol , vol.10 , pp. 325-328
    • Agace, W.W.1    Amara, A.2    Roberts, A.I.3
  • 44
    • 0034888099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A preponderance of CCR5(+) CXCR4(+) mononuclear cells enhances gastrointestinal mucosal susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
    • Poles M.A., Elliot J., Taing P., Anton P.A., and Chen I.S. A preponderance of CCR5(+) CXCR4(+) mononuclear cells enhances gastrointestinal mucosal susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Virol 75 (2001) 8390-8399
    • (2001) J Virol , vol.75 , pp. 8390-8399
    • Poles, M.A.1    Elliot, J.2    Taing, P.3    Anton, P.A.4    Chen, I.S.5
  • 46
    • 0032925209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions of viruses and microparticles with apical plasma membranes of M cells: implications for human immunodeficiency virus transmission
    • Neutra M.R. Interactions of viruses and microparticles with apical plasma membranes of M cells: implications for human immunodeficiency virus transmission. J Infect Dis 179 suppl 3 (1999) S441-S443
    • (1999) J Infect Dis , vol.179 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Neutra, M.R.1
  • 47
    • 0032552228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of nonoxynol-9 film to reduce male-to-female transmission of sexually transmitted diseases
    • Roddy R.E., Zekeng L., Ryan K.A., Tamoufe U., Weir S.S., and Wong E.L. A controlled trial of nonoxynol-9 film to reduce male-to-female transmission of sexually transmitted diseases. N Engl J Med 339 (1998) 504-510
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.339 , pp. 504-510
    • Roddy, R.E.1    Zekeng, L.2    Ryan, K.A.3    Tamoufe, U.4    Weir, S.S.5    Wong, E.L.6
  • 48
    • 53949083710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellegy stops Ghana HIV trial; broader plans moving ahead
    • Lorenzo A. Cellegy stops Ghana HIV trial; broader plans moving ahead. BioWorld Today (Nov 9, 2005)
    • (2005) BioWorld Today
    • Lorenzo, A.1
  • 49
    • 41849087248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Savvy vaginal gel (C31G) for prevention of HIV infection: a randomized controlled trial in Nigeria
    • Feldblum P.J., Adeiga A., Bakare R., et al. Savvy vaginal gel (C31G) for prevention of HIV infection: a randomized controlled trial in Nigeria. PLoS One 3 (2008) e1474
    • (2008) PLoS One , vol.3
    • Feldblum, P.J.1    Adeiga, A.2    Bakare, R.3
  • 51
    • 53949100749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Johansson E. Results of phase III Carraguard trial. Microbicides 2008 Conference; New Delhi, India; Feb 24-27, 2008.
    • Johansson E. Results of phase III Carraguard trial. Microbicides 2008 Conference; New Delhi, India; Feb 24-27, 2008.
  • 52
    • 48249154985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of effectiveness of cellulose sulfate gel for the prevention of vaginal HIV transmission
    • Van Damme L., Govinden R., Mirembe F.M., et al. Lack of effectiveness of cellulose sulfate gel for the prevention of vaginal HIV transmission. N Engl J Med 359 (2008) 463-472
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , pp. 463-472
    • Van Damme, L.1    Govinden, R.2    Mirembe, F.M.3
  • 53
    • 53949086432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Halpern V, Wang L, Obunge O, et al. Effectiveness of cellulose sulfate gel for prevention of HIV: results of the phase III trial in Nigeria. 4th IAS Conference; Sydney, Australia; July 22-25, 2007. Abstract LB WESS302.
    • Halpern V, Wang L, Obunge O, et al. Effectiveness of cellulose sulfate gel for prevention of HIV: results of the phase III trial in Nigeria. 4th IAS Conference; Sydney, Australia; July 22-25, 2007. Abstract LB WESS302.
  • 54
    • 53949111944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lacey C. Unacceptable side effects of a hyperosmolar vaginal microbicide in a Phase I trial. Microbicides 2008 Conference; New Delhi, India; Feb 24-27, 2008. Abstract B08-527.
    • Lacey C. Unacceptable side effects of a hyperosmolar vaginal microbicide in a Phase I trial. Microbicides 2008 Conference; New Delhi, India; Feb 24-27, 2008. Abstract B08-527.
  • 55
    • 16444385352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SPL7013 gel as a topical microbicide for prevention of vaginal transmission of SHIV89.6P in macaques
    • Jiang Y.H., Emau P., Cairns J.S., et al. SPL7013 gel as a topical microbicide for prevention of vaginal transmission of SHIV89.6P in macaques. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 21 (2005) 207-213
    • (2005) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.21 , pp. 207-213
    • Jiang, Y.H.1    Emau, P.2    Cairns, J.S.3
  • 56
    • 10744228936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluations of unformulated and formulated dendrimer-based microbicide candidates in mouse and guinea pig models of genital herpes
    • Bernstein D.I., Stanberry L.R., Sacks S., et al. Evaluations of unformulated and formulated dendrimer-based microbicide candidates in mouse and guinea pig models of genital herpes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47 (2003) 3784-3788
    • (2003) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.47 , pp. 3784-3788
    • Bernstein, D.I.1    Stanberry, L.R.2    Sacks, S.3
  • 57
    • 53949093358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paull J, Chen M, Millwood I, et al. SPL7013 gel (VivaGel(TM)), a topical microbicide in development for prevention of HIV and genital herpes, shown to be well tolerated and comparable with placebo after seven days administration in healthy males. 4th IAS Conference; Sydney, Australia; July 22-25, 2007. Abstract TUAC1LB.
    • Paull J, Chen M, Millwood I, et al. SPL7013 gel (VivaGel(TM)), a topical microbicide in development for prevention of HIV and genital herpes, shown to be well tolerated and comparable with placebo after seven days administration in healthy males. 4th IAS Conference; Sydney, Australia; July 22-25, 2007. Abstract TUAC1LB.
  • 58
    • 0029933108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of nonoxynol-9 from an in vitro point of view
    • Bourinbaiar A.S., and Lee-Huang S. The efficacy of nonoxynol-9 from an in vitro point of view. AIDS 10 (1996) 558-559
    • (1996) AIDS , vol.10 , pp. 558-559
    • Bourinbaiar, A.S.1    Lee-Huang, S.2
  • 59
    • 0027090044 scopus 로고
    • A non-antibiotic antimicrobial mixture (C31G): evaluation of the antimicrobial efficiency of C31G on vaginal cultures
    • Calis S., Yulug N., Sumnu M., Ayhan A., and Hincal A.A. A non-antibiotic antimicrobial mixture (C31G): evaluation of the antimicrobial efficiency of C31G on vaginal cultures. Boll Chim Farm 131 (1992) 335-338
    • (1992) Boll Chim Farm , vol.131 , pp. 335-338
    • Calis, S.1    Yulug, N.2    Sumnu, M.3    Ayhan, A.4    Hincal, A.A.5
  • 60
    • 0032836802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by nonoxynol-9, C31G, or an alkyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate
    • Krebs F.C., Miller S.R., Malamud D., Howett M.K., and Wigdahl B. Inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by nonoxynol-9, C31G, or an alkyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate. Antiviral Res 43 (1999) 157-173
    • (1999) Antiviral Res , vol.43 , pp. 157-173
    • Krebs, F.C.1    Miller, S.R.2    Malamud, D.3    Howett, M.K.4    Wigdahl, B.5
  • 61
    • 0030972780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The microbicidal agent C31G inhibits Chlamydia trachomatis infectivity in vitro
    • Wyrick P.B., Knight S.T., Gerbig D.G., et al. The microbicidal agent C31G inhibits Chlamydia trachomatis infectivity in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41 (1997) 1335-1344
    • (1997) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.41 , pp. 1335-1344
    • Wyrick, P.B.1    Knight, S.T.2    Gerbig, D.G.3
  • 62
    • 0029894732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the anti-microbial agent C31G as a spermicide: comparison with nonoxynol-9
    • Thompson K.A., Malamud D., and Storey B.T. Assessment of the anti-microbial agent C31G as a spermicide: comparison with nonoxynol-9. Contraception 53 (1996) 313-318
    • (1996) Contraception , vol.53 , pp. 313-318
    • Thompson, K.A.1    Malamud, D.2    Storey, B.T.3
  • 64
    • 0036848251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of single daily use for one week of C31G HEC gel in women
    • Ballagh S.A., Baker J.M., Henry D.M., and Archer D.F. Safety of single daily use for one week of C31G HEC gel in women. Contraception 66 (2002) 369-375
    • (2002) Contraception , vol.66 , pp. 369-375
    • Ballagh, S.A.1    Baker, J.M.2    Henry, D.M.3    Archer, D.F.4
  • 65
    • 4344602905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized phase I vaginal safety study of three concentrations of C31G vs extra strength gynol II
    • Mauck C.K., Weiner D.H., Creinin M.D., Barnhart K.T., Callahan M.M., and Bax R. A randomized phase I vaginal safety study of three concentrations of C31G vs extra strength gynol II. Contraception 70 (2004) 233-240
    • (2004) Contraception , vol.70 , pp. 233-240
    • Mauck, C.K.1    Weiner, D.H.2    Creinin, M.D.3    Barnhart, K.T.4    Callahan, M.M.5    Bax, R.6
  • 66
    • 0036215206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium lauryl sulfate, a microbicide effective against enveloped and nonenveloped viruses
    • Piret J., Desormeaux A., and Bergeron M.G. Sodium lauryl sulfate, a microbicide effective against enveloped and nonenveloped viruses. Curr Drug Targets 3 (2002) 17-30
    • (2002) Curr Drug Targets , vol.3 , pp. 17-30
    • Piret, J.1    Desormeaux, A.2    Bergeron, M.G.3
  • 67
    • 0037623729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermoreversible gel formulation containing sodium lauryl sulfate as a potential contraceptive device
    • Haineault C., Gourde P., Perron S., et al. Thermoreversible gel formulation containing sodium lauryl sulfate as a potential contraceptive device. Biol Reprod 69 (2003) 687-694
    • (2003) Biol Reprod , vol.69 , pp. 687-694
    • Haineault, C.1    Gourde, P.2    Perron, S.3
  • 68
    • 0035010666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermoreversible gel formulations containing sodium lauryl sulfate or n-lauroylsarcosine as potential topical microbicides against sexually transmitted diseases
    • Roy S., Gourde P., Piret J., et al. Thermoreversible gel formulations containing sodium lauryl sulfate or n-lauroylsarcosine as potential topical microbicides against sexually transmitted diseases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45 (2001) 1671-1681
    • (2001) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.45 , pp. 1671-1681
    • Roy, S.1    Gourde, P.2    Piret, J.3
  • 69
    • 53949097916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trottier S, Omar RF, Desormeaux A, et al. Phase I clinical trial to evaluate the safety, tolerance and acceptability of the invisible condom when applied intravaginally to healthy female subjects. XIV International AIDS Conference; Barcelona, Spain; July 7-12, 2002. Abstract LbPp2212.
    • Trottier S, Omar RF, Desormeaux A, et al. Phase I clinical trial to evaluate the safety, tolerance and acceptability of the invisible condom when applied intravaginally to healthy female subjects. XIV International AIDS Conference; Barcelona, Spain; July 7-12, 2002. Abstract LbPp2212.
  • 70
    • 53949115824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Omar RF. Phase I/II randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials on the safety, tolerance and acceptability of the invisible condom, a physical and chemical barrier vaginal gel against HIV, in healthy volunteers in Cameroon. Microbicides 2008 Conference; New Dehli, India; Feb 24-27, 2008. Abstract B01-86.
    • Omar RF. Phase I/II randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials on the safety, tolerance and acceptability of the invisible condom, a physical and chemical barrier vaginal gel against HIV, in healthy volunteers in Cameroon. Microbicides 2008 Conference; New Dehli, India; Feb 24-27, 2008. Abstract B01-86.
  • 71
    • 0022261869 scopus 로고
    • Disinfection and inactivation of the human T lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus
    • Martin L.S., McDougal J.S., and Loskoski S.L. Disinfection and inactivation of the human T lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus. J Infect Dis 152 (1985) 400-403
    • (1985) J Infect Dis , vol.152 , pp. 400-403
    • Martin, L.S.1    McDougal, J.S.2    Loskoski, S.L.3
  • 73
    • 0029077099 scopus 로고
    • The activity of candidate virucidal agents, low pH and genital secretions against HIV-1 in vitro
    • O'Connor T.J., Kinchington D., Kangro H.O., and Jeffries D.J. The activity of candidate virucidal agents, low pH and genital secretions against HIV-1 in vitro. Int J STD AIDS 6 (1995) 267-272
    • (1995) Int J STD AIDS , vol.6 , pp. 267-272
    • O'Connor, T.J.1    Kinchington, D.2    Kangro, H.O.3    Jeffries, D.J.4
  • 74
    • 0034021519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rate at which human sperm are immobilized and killed by mild acidity
    • Olmsted S.S., Dubin N.H., Cone R.A., and Moench T.R. The rate at which human sperm are immobilized and killed by mild acidity. Fertil Steril 73 (2000) 687-693
    • (2000) Fertil Steril , vol.73 , pp. 687-693
    • Olmsted, S.S.1    Dubin, N.H.2    Cone, R.A.3    Moench, T.R.4
  • 75
    • 0036843332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbicide efficacy and toxicity tests in a mouse model for vaginal transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis
    • Achilles S.L., Shete P.B., Whaley K.J., Moench T.R., and Cone R.A. Microbicide efficacy and toxicity tests in a mouse model for vaginal transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis. Sex Transm Dis 29 (2002) 655-664
    • (2002) Sex Transm Dis , vol.29 , pp. 655-664
    • Achilles, S.L.1    Shete, P.B.2    Whaley, K.J.3    Moench, T.R.4    Cone, R.A.5
  • 76
    • 0034968797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tests of Buffergel for contraception and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases in animal models
    • Zeitlin L., Hoen T.E., Achilles S.L., et al. Tests of Buffergel for contraception and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases in animal models. Sex Transm Dis 28 (2001) 417-423
    • (2001) Sex Transm Dis , vol.28 , pp. 417-423
    • Zeitlin, L.1    Hoen, T.E.2    Achilles, S.L.3
  • 77
    • 0035144537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase I trial of the topical microbicide BufferGel: safety results from four international sites
    • Van de Wijgert J.H., Fullem A., Kelly C., et al. Phase I trial of the topical microbicide BufferGel: safety results from four international sites. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 26 (2001) 21-27
    • (2001) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.26 , pp. 21-27
    • Van de Wijgert, J.H.1    Fullem, A.2    Kelly, C.3
  • 78
    • 0035112881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and tolerability of BufferGel, a novel vaginal microbicide, in women in the United States
    • Mayer K.H., Peipert J., Fleming T., et al. Safety and tolerability of BufferGel, a novel vaginal microbicide, in women in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 32 (2001) 476-482
    • (2001) Clin Infect Dis , vol.32 , pp. 476-482
    • Mayer, K.H.1    Peipert, J.2    Fleming, T.3
  • 79
    • 0038298321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and acceptability of penile application of 2 candidate topical microbicides: BufferGel and PRO 2000 gel: 3 randomized trials in healthy low-risk men and HIV-positive men
    • Tabet S.R., Callahan M.M., Mauck C.K., et al. Safety and acceptability of penile application of 2 candidate topical microbicides: BufferGel and PRO 2000 gel: 3 randomized trials in healthy low-risk men and HIV-positive men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 33 (2003) 476-483
    • (2003) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.33 , pp. 476-483
    • Tabet, S.R.1    Callahan, M.M.2    Mauck, C.K.3
  • 80
    • 0342948834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of the vaginal tolerance to Acidform, an acid-buffering, bioadhesive gel
    • Amaral E., Faundes A., Zaneveld L., Waller D., and Garg S. Study of the vaginal tolerance to Acidform, an acid-buffering, bioadhesive gel. Contraception 60 (1999) 361-366
    • (1999) Contraception , vol.60 , pp. 361-366
    • Amaral, E.1    Faundes, A.2    Zaneveld, L.3    Waller, D.4    Garg, S.5
  • 81
    • 33646049659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaginal safety after use of a bioadhesive, acid-buffering, microbicidal contraceptive gel (ACIDFORM) and a 2% nonoxynol-9 product
    • Amaral E., Perdigao A., Souza M.H., et al. Vaginal safety after use of a bioadhesive, acid-buffering, microbicidal contraceptive gel (ACIDFORM) and a 2% nonoxynol-9 product. Contraception 73 (2006) 542-547
    • (2006) Contraception , vol.73 , pp. 542-547
    • Amaral, E.1    Perdigao, A.2    Souza, M.H.3
  • 83
    • 0037998938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactobacillus crispatus capsules: single-use safety study in the Macaca nemestrina model
    • Patton D.L., Sweeney Y.C., Antonio M.A., Rabe L.K., and Hillier S.L. Lactobacillus crispatus capsules: single-use safety study in the Macaca nemestrina model. Sex Transm Dis 30 (2003) 568-570
    • (2003) Sex Transm Dis , vol.30 , pp. 568-570
    • Patton, D.L.1    Sweeney, Y.C.2    Antonio, M.A.3    Rabe, L.K.4    Hillier, S.L.5
  • 84
    • 0037936772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA fingerprinting of Lactobacillus crispatus strain CTV-05 by repetitive element sequence-based PCR analysis in a pilot study of vaginal colonization
    • Antonio M.A., and Hillier S.L. DNA fingerprinting of Lactobacillus crispatus strain CTV-05 by repetitive element sequence-based PCR analysis in a pilot study of vaginal colonization. J Clin Microbiol 41 (2003) 1881-1887
    • (2003) J Clin Microbiol , vol.41 , pp. 1881-1887
    • Antonio, M.A.1    Hillier, S.L.2
  • 85
    • 0141816744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of HIV infectivity by a natural human isolate of Lactobacillus jensenii engineered to express functional two-domain CD4
    • Chang T.L., Chang C.H., Simpson D.A., et al. Inhibition of HIV infectivity by a natural human isolate of Lactobacillus jensenii engineered to express functional two-domain CD4. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 (2003) 11672-11677
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 11672-11677
    • Chang, T.L.1    Chang, C.H.2    Simpson, D.A.3
  • 86
    • 24644446235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a live microbial microbicide for HIV: commensal bacteria secreting an HIV fusion inhibitor peptide
    • Rao S., Hu S., McHugh L., et al. Toward a live microbial microbicide for HIV: commensal bacteria secreting an HIV fusion inhibitor peptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102 (2005) 11993-11998
    • (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.102 , pp. 11993-11998
    • Rao, S.1    Hu, S.2    McHugh, L.3
  • 87
    • 24644456933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An anti-HIV microbicide comes alive
    • Lagenaur L.A., and Berger E.A. An anti-HIV microbicide comes alive. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102 (2005) 12294-12295
    • (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.102 , pp. 12294-12295
    • Lagenaur, L.A.1    Berger, E.A.2
  • 88
    • 34748925452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lime juice as a candidate microbicide? An open-label safety trial of 10% and 20% lime juice used vaginally
    • Hemmerling A., Potts M., Walsh J., et al. Lime juice as a candidate microbicide? An open-label safety trial of 10% and 20% lime juice used vaginally. J Womens Health 16 (2007) 1041-1051
    • (2007) J Womens Health , vol.16 , pp. 1041-1051
    • Hemmerling, A.1    Potts, M.2    Walsh, J.3
  • 89
    • 33847390394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbicide drug candidates to prevent HIV infection
    • Balzarini J., and Van Damme L. Microbicide drug candidates to prevent HIV infection. Lancet 369 (2007) 787-797
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.369 , pp. 787-797
    • Balzarini, J.1    Van Damme, L.2
  • 90
    • 0025271999 scopus 로고
    • Dextran sulfate and other polyanionic anti-HIV compounds specifically interact with the viral gp120 glycoprotein expressed by T-cells persistently infected with HIV-1
    • Schols D., Pauwels R., Desmyter J., and De C.E. Dextran sulfate and other polyanionic anti-HIV compounds specifically interact with the viral gp120 glycoprotein expressed by T-cells persistently infected with HIV-1. Virology 175 (1990) 556-561
    • (1990) Virology , vol.175 , pp. 556-561
    • Schols, D.1    Pauwels, R.2    Desmyter, J.3    De, C.E.4
  • 91
    • 0023912916 scopus 로고
    • Dextran sulfate suppression of viruses in the HIV family: inhibition of virion binding to CD4+ cells
    • Mitsuya H., Looney D.J., Kuno S., Ueno R., Wong-Staal F., and Broder S. Dextran sulfate suppression of viruses in the HIV family: inhibition of virion binding to CD4+ cells. Science 240 (1988) 646-649
    • (1988) Science , vol.240 , pp. 646-649
    • Mitsuya, H.1    Looney, D.J.2    Kuno, S.3    Ueno, R.4    Wong-Staal, F.5    Broder, S.6
  • 92
    • 0033920212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective interactions of polyanions with basic surfaces on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120
    • Moulard M., Lortat-Jacob H., Mondor I., et al. Selective interactions of polyanions with basic surfaces on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120. J Virol 74 (2000) 1948-1960
    • (2000) J Virol , vol.74 , pp. 1948-1960
    • Moulard, M.1    Lortat-Jacob, H.2    Mondor, I.3
  • 93
    • 53949120565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indevus Pharmaceuticals, Indevus Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, NA, USA
    • Indevus Pharmaceuticals. PRO2000: product description (2006), Indevus Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, NA, USA
    • (2006) PRO2000: product description
  • 94
    • 29744466672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PRO 2000 gel inhibits HIV and herpes simplex virus infection following vaginal application: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial
    • Keller M.J., Zerhouni-Layachi B., Cheshenko N., et al. PRO 2000 gel inhibits HIV and herpes simplex virus infection following vaginal application: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Infect Dis 193 (2006) 27-35
    • (2006) J Infect Dis , vol.193 , pp. 27-35
    • Keller, M.J.1    Zerhouni-Layachi, B.2    Cheshenko, N.3
  • 95
    • 0034059527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase I study of a novel potential intravaginal microbicide, PRO 2000, in healthy sexually inactive women
    • Van Damme L., Wright A., Depraetere K., et al. A phase I study of a novel potential intravaginal microbicide, PRO 2000, in healthy sexually inactive women. Sex Transm Infect 76 (2000) 126-130
    • (2000) Sex Transm Infect , vol.76 , pp. 126-130
    • Van Damme, L.1    Wright, A.2    Depraetere, K.3
  • 96
    • 0037436284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and tolerability of vaginal PRO 2000 gel in sexually active HIV-uninfected and abstinent HIV-infected women
    • Mayer K.H., Karim S.A., Kelly C., et al. Safety and tolerability of vaginal PRO 2000 gel in sexually active HIV-uninfected and abstinent HIV-infected women. AIDS 17 (2003) 321-329
    • (2003) AIDS , vol.17 , pp. 321-329
    • Mayer, K.H.1    Karim, S.A.2    Kelly, C.3
  • 97
    • 33645366738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Documenting intermenstrual bleeding in a vaginal microbicide study: case reports and lessons learned
    • Joshi S., Dutta S., Bell B., et al. Documenting intermenstrual bleeding in a vaginal microbicide study: case reports and lessons learned. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 22 (2006) 294-296
    • (2006) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.22 , pp. 294-296
    • Joshi, S.1    Dutta, S.2    Bell, B.3
  • 98
    • 0041360150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carrageenan formulation prevents macrophage trafficking from vagina: implications for microbicide development
    • Perotti M.E., Pirovano A., and Phillips D.M. Carrageenan formulation prevents macrophage trafficking from vagina: implications for microbicide development. Biol Reprod 69 (2003) 933-939
    • (2003) Biol Reprod , vol.69 , pp. 933-939
    • Perotti, M.E.1    Pirovano, A.2    Phillips, D.M.3
  • 99
    • 0034530226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary safety and acceptability of a carrageenan gel for possible use as a vaginal microbicide
    • Coggins C., Blanchard K., Alvarez F., et al. Preliminary safety and acceptability of a carrageenan gel for possible use as a vaginal microbicide. Sex Transm Infect 76 (2000) 480-483
    • (2000) Sex Transm Infect , vol.76 , pp. 480-483
    • Coggins, C.1    Blanchard, K.2    Alvarez, F.3
  • 100
    • 38649090090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No increase in cervicovaginal proinflammatory ctokines after Carraguard use in a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial
    • Bollen L., Blanchard K., Kilmarx P.H., et al. No increase in cervicovaginal proinflammatory ctokines after Carraguard use in a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 47 (2008) 253-257
    • (2008) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.47 , pp. 253-257
    • Bollen, L.1    Blanchard, K.2    Kilmarx, P.H.3
  • 101
    • 36549085634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carraguard vaginal gel safety in HIV-positive women and men in South Africa
    • Van de Wijgert J.H., Braunstein S.L., Morar N.S., et al. Carraguard vaginal gel safety in HIV-positive women and men in South Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 46 (2007) 538-546
    • (2007) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.46 , pp. 538-546
    • Van de Wijgert, J.H.1    Braunstein, S.L.2    Morar, N.S.3
  • 102
    • 33750562573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and acceptability of the candidate microbicide Carraguard in Thai women: findings from a phase II clinical trial
    • Kilmarx P.H., van de Wijgert J., Chaikummao S., et al. Safety and acceptability of the candidate microbicide Carraguard in Thai women: findings from a phase II clinical trial. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 43 (2006) 327-334
    • (2006) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.43 , pp. 327-334
    • Kilmarx, P.H.1    van de Wijgert, J.2    Chaikummao, S.3
  • 103
    • 33745216146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbicide trials for preventing HIV/AIDS in South Africa: phase II trial participants' experiences and psychological needs
    • Pistorius A.G., van de Wijgert J., Sebola M., et al. Microbicide trials for preventing HIV/AIDS in South Africa: phase II trial participants' experiences and psychological needs. SAHARA J 1 (2004) 78-86
    • (2004) SAHARA J , vol.1 , pp. 78-86
    • Pistorius, A.G.1    van de Wijgert, J.2    Sebola, M.3
  • 105
    • 34250743515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determining the feasibility of utilizing the microbicide applicator compliance assay for use in clinical trials
    • Wallace A.R., Teitelbaum A., Wan L., et al. Determining the feasibility of utilizing the microbicide applicator compliance assay for use in clinical trials. Contraception 76 (2007) 53-56
    • (2007) Contraception , vol.76 , pp. 53-56
    • Wallace, A.R.1    Teitelbaum, A.2    Wan, L.3
  • 106
    • 0036217080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preclinical evaluation of sodium cellulose sulfate (Ushercell) as a contraceptive antimicrobial agent
    • Anderson R.A., Feathergill K.A., Diao X.H., et al. Preclinical evaluation of sodium cellulose sulfate (Ushercell) as a contraceptive antimicrobial agent. J Androl 23 (2002) 426-438
    • (2002) J Androl , vol.23 , pp. 426-438
    • Anderson, R.A.1    Feathergill, K.A.2    Diao, X.H.3
  • 107
    • 0031935084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sulfated polysaccharides and a synthetic sulfated polymer are potent inhibitors of Chlamydia trachomatis infectivity in vitro but lack protective efficacy in an in vivo murine model of chlamydial genital tract infection
    • Su H., and Caldwell H.D. Sulfated polysaccharides and a synthetic sulfated polymer are potent inhibitors of Chlamydia trachomatis infectivity in vitro but lack protective efficacy in an in vivo murine model of chlamydial genital tract infection. Infect Immun 66 (1998) 1258-1260
    • (1998) Infect Immun , vol.66 , pp. 1258-1260
    • Su, H.1    Caldwell, H.D.2
  • 108
    • 0035180107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Papillomavirus microbicidal activities of high-molecular-weight cellulose sulfate, dextran sulfate, and polystyrene sulfonate
    • Christensen N.D., Reed C.A., Culp T.D., et al. Papillomavirus microbicidal activities of high-molecular-weight cellulose sulfate, dextran sulfate, and polystyrene sulfonate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45 (2001) 3427-3432
    • (2001) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.45 , pp. 3427-3432
    • Christensen, N.D.1    Reed, C.A.2    Culp, T.D.3
  • 109
    • 0035991999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two novel vaginal microbicides (polystyrene sulfonate and cellulose sulfate) inhibit Gardnerella vaginalis and anaerobes commonly associated with bacterial vaginosis
    • Simoes J.A., Citron D.M., Aroutcheva A., et al. Two novel vaginal microbicides (polystyrene sulfonate and cellulose sulfate) inhibit Gardnerella vaginalis and anaerobes commonly associated with bacterial vaginosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46 (2002) 2692-2695
    • (2002) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.46 , pp. 2692-2695
    • Simoes, J.A.1    Citron, D.M.2    Aroutcheva, A.3
  • 110
    • 24144438231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candidate sulfonated and sulfated topical microbicides: comparison of anti-human immunodeficiency virus activities and mechanisms of action
    • Scordi-Bello I.A., Mosoian A., He C., et al. Candidate sulfonated and sulfated topical microbicides: comparison of anti-human immunodeficiency virus activities and mechanisms of action. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49 (2005) 3607-3615
    • (2005) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.49 , pp. 3607-3615
    • Scordi-Bello, I.A.1    Mosoian, A.2    He, C.3
  • 111
    • 0035709299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single and multiple exposure tolerance study of cellulose sulfate gel: a phase I safety and colposcopy study
    • Mauck C., Weiner D.H., Ballagh S., et al. Single and multiple exposure tolerance study of cellulose sulfate gel: a phase I safety and colposcopy study. Contraception 64 (2001) 383-391
    • (2001) Contraception , vol.64 , pp. 383-391
    • Mauck, C.1    Weiner, D.H.2    Ballagh, S.3
  • 112
    • 33646888228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and acceptability of cellulose sulfate as a vaginal microbicide in HIV-infected women
    • El-Sadr W.M., Mayer K.H., Maslankowsi L., et al. Safety and acceptability of cellulose sulfate as a vaginal microbicide in HIV-infected women. AIDS 20 (2006) 1109-1116
    • (2006) AIDS , vol.20 , pp. 1109-1116
    • El-Sadr, W.M.1    Mayer, K.H.2    Maslankowsi, L.3
  • 113
    • 33745948610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fourteen-day safety and acceptability study of 6% cellulose sulfate gel: a randomized double-blind phase I safety study
    • Schwartz J.L., Mauck C., Lai J.J., et al. Fourteen-day safety and acceptability study of 6% cellulose sulfate gel: a randomized double-blind phase I safety study. Contraception 74 (2006) 133-140
    • (2006) Contraception , vol.74 , pp. 133-140
    • Schwartz, J.L.1    Mauck, C.2    Lai, J.J.3
  • 114
    • 34250873859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety trial of the vaginal microbicide cellulose sulfate gel in HIV-positive men
    • Jespers V., Buve A., and van Damme L. Safety trial of the vaginal microbicide cellulose sulfate gel in HIV-positive men. Sex Transm Dis 34 (2007) 519-522
    • (2007) Sex Transm Dis , vol.34 , pp. 519-522
    • Jespers, V.1    Buve, A.2    van Damme, L.3
  • 115
    • 0035705878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellulose sulfate: tolerance and acceptability of penile application
    • Mauck C., Frezieres R., Walsh T., Robergeau K., and Callahan M. Cellulose sulfate: tolerance and acceptability of penile application. Contraception 64 (2001) 377-381
    • (2001) Contraception , vol.64 , pp. 377-381
    • Mauck, C.1    Frezieres, R.2    Walsh, T.3    Robergeau, K.4    Callahan, M.5
  • 116
    • 27944510206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expanded phase I safety and acceptability study of 6% cellulose sulfate vaginal gel
    • Malonza I.M., Mirembe F., Nakabiito C., et al. Expanded phase I safety and acceptability study of 6% cellulose sulfate vaginal gel. AIDS 19 (2005) 2157-2163
    • (2005) AIDS , vol.19 , pp. 2157-2163
    • Malonza, I.M.1    Mirembe, F.2    Nakabiito, C.3
  • 117
    • 2442642818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water dispersible microbicidal cellulose acetate phthalate film
    • Neurath A.R., Strick N., and Li Y.Y. Water dispersible microbicidal cellulose acetate phthalate film. BMC Infect Dis 3 (2003) 27
    • (2003) BMC Infect Dis , vol.3 , pp. 27
    • Neurath, A.R.1    Strick, N.2    Li, Y.Y.3
  • 118
    • 33646891072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellulose acetate 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate inhibits infection by cell-free and cell-associated primary HIV-1 isolates
    • Lu H., Zhao Q., Wallace G., et al. Cellulose acetate 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate inhibits infection by cell-free and cell-associated primary HIV-1 isolates. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 22 (2006) 411-418
    • (2006) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.22 , pp. 411-418
    • Lu, H.1    Zhao, Q.2    Wallace, G.3
  • 119
    • 0034694084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candidate microbicides block HIV-1 infection of human immature Langerhans cells within epithelial tissue explants
    • Kawamura T., Cohen S.S., Borris D.L., et al. Candidate microbicides block HIV-1 infection of human immature Langerhans cells within epithelial tissue explants. J Exp Med 192 (2000) 1491-1500
    • (2000) J Exp Med , vol.192 , pp. 1491-1500
    • Kawamura, T.1    Cohen, S.S.2    Borris, D.L.3
  • 120
    • 11244313387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 microbicide cellulose acetate 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate in a human in vitro model of vaginal inflammation
    • Fichorova R.N., Zhou F., Ratnam V., et al. Anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 microbicide cellulose acetate 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate in a human in vitro model of vaginal inflammation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49 (2005) 323-335
    • (2005) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.49 , pp. 323-335
    • Fichorova, R.N.1    Zhou, F.2    Ratnam, V.3
  • 121
    • 0032807887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design of a "microbicide" for prevention of sexually transmitted diseases using "inactive" pharmaceutical excipients
    • Neurath A.R., Strick N., Li Y.Y., Lin K., and Jiang S. Design of a "microbicide" for prevention of sexually transmitted diseases using "inactive" pharmaceutical excipients. Biologicals 27 (1999) 11-21
    • (1999) Biologicals , vol.27 , pp. 11-21
    • Neurath, A.R.1    Strick, N.2    Li, Y.Y.3    Lin, K.4    Jiang, S.5
  • 122
    • 5644247983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of vaginal SHIV transmission in rhesus macaques through inhibition of CCR5
    • Lederman M.M., Veazey R.S., Offord R., et al. Prevention of vaginal SHIV transmission in rhesus macaques through inhibition of CCR5. Science 306 (2004) 485-487
    • (2004) Science , vol.306 , pp. 485-487
    • Lederman, M.M.1    Veazey, R.S.2    Offord, R.3
  • 123
    • 27744571425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protection of macaques from vaginal SHIV challenge by vaginally delivered inhibitors of virus-cell fusion
    • Veazey R.S., Klasse P.J., Schader S.M., et al. Protection of macaques from vaginal SHIV challenge by vaginally delivered inhibitors of virus-cell fusion. Nature 438 (2005) 99-102
    • (2005) Nature , vol.438 , pp. 99-102
    • Veazey, R.S.1    Klasse, P.J.2    Schader, S.M.3
  • 124
    • 33645422725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and tolerability of tenofovir vaginal gel in abstinent and sexually active HIV-infected and uninfected women
    • Mayer K.H., Maslankowski L.A., Gai F., et al. Safety and tolerability of tenofovir vaginal gel in abstinent and sexually active HIV-infected and uninfected women. AIDS 20 (2006) 543-551
    • (2006) AIDS , vol.20 , pp. 543-551
    • Mayer, K.H.1    Maslankowski, L.A.2    Gai, F.3
  • 125
    • 41149175595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized six day safety study of an antiretroviral microbicide candidate UC-781, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
    • Schwartz J.L., Kovalevsky G., Lai J.J., et al. A randomized six day safety study of an antiretroviral microbicide candidate UC-781, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Sex Transm Dis 35 (2008) 414-419
    • (2008) Sex Transm Dis , vol.35 , pp. 414-419
    • Schwartz, J.L.1    Kovalevsky, G.2    Lai, J.J.3
  • 126
    • 16644381659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The current status of, and challenges in, the development of CCR5 inhibitors as therapeutics for HIV-1 infection
    • Maeda K., Nakata H., Ogata H., Koh Y., Miyakawa T., and Mitsuya H. The current status of, and challenges in, the development of CCR5 inhibitors as therapeutics for HIV-1 infection. Curr Opin Pharmacol 4 (2004) 447-452
    • (2004) Curr Opin Pharmacol , vol.4 , pp. 447-452
    • Maeda, K.1    Nakata, H.2    Ogata, H.3    Koh, Y.4    Miyakawa, T.5    Mitsuya, H.6
  • 127
    • 0034004857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variable sensitivity of CCR5-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates to inhibition by RANTES analogs
    • Torre V.S., Marozsan A.J., Albright J.L., et al. Variable sensitivity of CCR5-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates to inhibition by RANTES analogs. J Virol 74 (2000) 4868-4876
    • (2000) J Virol , vol.74 , pp. 4868-4876
    • Torre, V.S.1    Marozsan, A.J.2    Albright, J.L.3
  • 128
    • 3142749905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PSC-RANTES blocks R5 human immunodeficiency virus infection of Langerhans cells isolated from individuals with a variety of CCR5 diplotypes
    • Kawamura T., Bruse S.E., Abraha A., et al. PSC-RANTES blocks R5 human immunodeficiency virus infection of Langerhans cells isolated from individuals with a variety of CCR5 diplotypes. J Virol 78 (2004) 7602-7609
    • (2004) J Virol , vol.78 , pp. 7602-7609
    • Kawamura, T.1    Bruse, S.E.2    Abraha, A.3
  • 129
    • 0038153897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R5 HIV productively infects Langerhans cells, and infection levels are regulated by compound CCR5 polymorphisms
    • Kawamura T., Gulden F.O., Sugaya M., et al. R5 HIV productively infects Langerhans cells, and infection levels are regulated by compound CCR5 polymorphisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 (2003) 8401-8406
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 8401-8406
    • Kawamura, T.1    Gulden, F.O.2    Sugaya, M.3
  • 130
    • 0141703204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A small molecule HIV-1 inhibitor that targets the HIV-1 envelope and inhibits CD4 receptor binding
    • Lin P.F., Blair W., Wang T., et al. A small molecule HIV-1 inhibitor that targets the HIV-1 envelope and inhibits CD4 receptor binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 (2003) 11013-11018
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 11013-11018
    • Lin, P.F.1    Blair, W.2    Wang, T.3
  • 131
    • 0141856289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemical and genetic characterizations of a novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 inhibitor that blocks gp120-CD4 interactions
    • Guo Q., Ho H.T., Dicker I., et al. Biochemical and genetic characterizations of a novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 inhibitor that blocks gp120-CD4 interactions. J Virol 77 (2003) 10528-10536
    • (2003) J Virol , vol.77 , pp. 10528-10536
    • Guo, Q.1    Ho, H.T.2    Dicker, I.3
  • 132
    • 53949103447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lu M. Stabilizing peptides and their use in the preparation of stabilized HIV inhibitors. World Intellectual Property Organization Patent WO-04/106364A1. 2004.
    • Lu M. Stabilizing peptides and their use in the preparation of stabilized HIV inhibitors. World Intellectual Property Organization Patent WO-04/106364A1. 2004.
  • 133
    • 0034799906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potent anti-HIV protein cyanovirin-N contains two novel carbohydrate binding sites that selectively bind to Man(8) D1D3 and Man(9) with nanomolar affinity: implications for binding to the HIV envelope protein gp120
    • Bewley C.A., and Otero-Quintero S. The potent anti-HIV protein cyanovirin-N contains two novel carbohydrate binding sites that selectively bind to Man(8) D1D3 and Man(9) with nanomolar affinity: implications for binding to the HIV envelope protein gp120. J Am Chem Soc 123 (2001) 3892-3902
    • (2001) J Am Chem Soc , vol.123 , pp. 3892-3902
    • Bewley, C.A.1    Otero-Quintero, S.2
  • 134
    • 0035819584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid validation of the overall structure of an internal domain-swapped mutant of the anti-HIV protein cyanovirin-N using residual dipolar couplings
    • Bewley C.A. Rapid validation of the overall structure of an internal domain-swapped mutant of the anti-HIV protein cyanovirin-N using residual dipolar couplings. J Am Chem Soc 123 (2001) 1014-1015
    • (2001) J Am Chem Soc , vol.123 , pp. 1014-1015
    • Bewley, C.A.1
  • 135
    • 0042368611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyanovirin-N gel as a topical microbicide prevents rectal transmission of SHIV89.6P in macaques
    • Tsai C.C., Emau P., Jiang Y., et al. Cyanovirin-N gel as a topical microbicide prevents rectal transmission of SHIV89.6P in macaques. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 19 (2003) 535-541
    • (2003) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.19 , pp. 535-541
    • Tsai, C.C.1    Emau, P.2    Jiang, Y.3
  • 136
    • 0742272702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyanovirin-N inhibits AIDS virus infections in vaginal transmission models
    • Tsai C.C., Emau P., Jiang Y., et al. Cyanovirin-N inhibits AIDS virus infections in vaginal transmission models. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 20 (2004) 8-11
    • (2004) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.20 , pp. 8-11
    • Tsai, C.C.1    Emau, P.2    Jiang, Y.3
  • 137
    • 33748650569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutational pathways, resistance profile, and side effects of cyanovirin relative to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains with n-glycan deletions in their gp120 envelopes
    • Balzarini J., Van Laethem K., Peumans W.J., et al. Mutational pathways, resistance profile, and side effects of cyanovirin relative to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains with n-glycan deletions in their gp120 envelopes. J Virol 80 (2006) 8411-8421
    • (2006) J Virol , vol.80 , pp. 8411-8421
    • Balzarini, J.1    Van Laethem, K.2    Peumans, W.J.3
  • 138
    • 53949102802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xu Q. Development of a live topical microbicide for women. Microbicides 2008 Conference. New Delhi, India; Feb 24-27, 2008. Abstract 221.
    • Xu Q. Development of a live topical microbicide for women. Microbicides 2008 Conference. New Delhi, India; Feb 24-27, 2008. Abstract 221.
  • 139
    • 34547102266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaginal microbicides for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection-no evidence of an effect or evidence of no effect?
    • Wiysonge C.S., Shey M.S., Shang J., Kongnyuy E.J., and Brocklehurst P. Vaginal microbicides for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection-no evidence of an effect or evidence of no effect?. S Afr Med J 97 (2007) 530-533
    • (2007) S Afr Med J , vol.97 , pp. 530-533
    • Wiysonge, C.S.1    Shey, M.S.2    Shang, J.3    Kongnyuy, E.J.4    Brocklehurst, P.5
  • 140
    • 0028791836 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of SIV infection in macaques by (R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine
    • Tsai C.C., Follis K.E., Sabo A., et al. Prevention of SIV infection in macaques by (R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine. Science 270 (1995) 1197-1199
    • (1995) Science , vol.270 , pp. 1197-1199
    • Tsai, C.C.1    Follis, K.E.2    Sabo, A.3
  • 141
    • 0026020310 scopus 로고
    • Intracellular metabolism and mechanism of antiretrovirus action of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine, a potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus compound
    • Balzarini J., Zhang H., Herdewijn P., Johns D., and De Clercq E. Intracellular metabolism and mechanism of antiretrovirus action of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine, a potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus compound. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88 (1991) 1499-1503
    • (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.88 , pp. 1499-1503
    • Balzarini, J.1    Zhang, H.2    Herdewijn, P.3    Johns, D.4    De Clercq, E.5
  • 142
    • 0036289210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macrophages and HIV infection: therapeutical approaches toward this strategic virus reservoir
    • Aquaro S., Caliò R., Balzarini J., Bellocchi M.C., Garaci E., and Perno C.F. Macrophages and HIV infection: therapeutical approaches toward this strategic virus reservoir. Antiviral Res 55 (2002) 209-225
    • (2002) Antiviral Res , vol.55 , pp. 209-225
    • Aquaro, S.1    Caliò, R.2    Balzarini, J.3    Bellocchi, M.C.4    Garaci, E.5    Perno, C.F.6
  • 143
    • 0031916651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity and cellular metabolism of a potential prodrug of the acyclic nucleoside phosphonate 9-R-(2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)adenine (PMPA), Bis(isopropyloxymethylcarbonyl)PMPA
    • Robbins B.L., Srinivas R.V., Kim C., Bischofberger N., and Fridland A. Anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity and cellular metabolism of a potential prodrug of the acyclic nucleoside phosphonate 9-R-(2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)adenine (PMPA), Bis(isopropyloxymethylcarbonyl)PMPA. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 42 (1998) 612-617
    • (1998) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.42 , pp. 612-617
    • Robbins, B.L.1    Srinivas, R.V.2    Kim, C.3    Bischofberger, N.4    Fridland, A.5
  • 144
    • 0033814480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of post exposure prophylaxis after intravaginal exposure of pig-tailed macaques to a human-derived retrovirus (human immunodeficiency virus type 2)
    • Otten R.A., Smith D.K., Adams D.R., et al. Efficacy of post exposure prophylaxis after intravaginal exposure of pig-tailed macaques to a human-derived retrovirus (human immunodeficiency virus type 2). J Virol 74 (2000) 9771-9775
    • (2000) J Virol , vol.74 , pp. 9771-9775
    • Otten, R.A.1    Smith, D.K.2    Adams, D.R.3
  • 145
    • 53949094440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wainberg M. The prospect for RT inhibitors as topical microbicides. Microbicides 2004 Conference; London, UK; March 28-31, 2004. Abstract MMM-03.
    • Wainberg M. The prospect for RT inhibitors as topical microbicides. Microbicides 2004 Conference; London, UK; March 28-31, 2004. Abstract MMM-03.
  • 146
    • 0034806946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase I/II trial of the pharmacokinetics, safety, and antiretroviral activity of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults
    • Barditch-Crovo P., Deeks S.G., Collier A., et al. Phase I/II trial of the pharmacokinetics, safety, and antiretroviral activity of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45 (2001) 2733-2739
    • (2001) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.45 , pp. 2733-2739
    • Barditch-Crovo, P.1    Deeks, S.G.2    Collier, A.3
  • 147
    • 53949095969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hillier S. Safety and acceptability of daily and coitally dependent use of 1% tenofovir over six months of use. Microbicides 2008 Conference. New Delhi, India; Feb 24-27, 2008. Abstract 655.
    • Hillier S. Safety and acceptability of daily and coitally dependent use of 1% tenofovir over six months of use. Microbicides 2008 Conference. New Delhi, India; Feb 24-27, 2008. Abstract 655.
  • 148
    • 53949124447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schwartz JL, Kashuba A, Rezk N, et al. Preliminary results from a pharmacokinetic study of the candidate vaginal microbicide candidate 1% tenofovir gel. Microbicides 2008 Conference; New Delhi, India; Feb 24-27, 2008. Abstract B011-210.
    • Schwartz JL, Kashuba A, Rezk N, et al. Preliminary results from a pharmacokinetic study of the candidate vaginal microbicide candidate 1% tenofovir gel. Microbicides 2008 Conference; New Delhi, India; Feb 24-27, 2008. Abstract B011-210.
  • 149
    • 0029809694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Highly favorable antiviral activity and resistance profile of the novel thiocarboxanilide pentenyloxy ether derivatives UC-781 and UC-82 as inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication
    • Balzarini J., Pelemans H., Aquaro S., et al. Highly favorable antiviral activity and resistance profile of the novel thiocarboxanilide pentenyloxy ether derivatives UC-781 and UC-82 as inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication. Mol Pharmacol 50 (1996) 394-401
    • (1996) Mol Pharmacol , vol.50 , pp. 394-401
    • Balzarini, J.1    Pelemans, H.2    Aquaro, S.3
  • 150
    • 0030997133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical barriers to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection: retrovirucidal activity of UC781, a thiocarboxanilide nonnucleoside inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase
    • Borkow G., Barnard J., Nguyen T.M., Belmonte A., Wainberg M.A., and Parniak M.A. Chemical barriers to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection: retrovirucidal activity of UC781, a thiocarboxanilide nonnucleoside inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. J Virol 71 (1997) 3023-3030
    • (1997) J Virol , vol.71 , pp. 3023-3030
    • Borkow, G.1    Barnard, J.2    Nguyen, T.M.3    Belmonte, A.4    Wainberg, M.A.5    Parniak, M.A.6
  • 151
    • 8244226649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Highly potent oxathiin carboxanilide derivatives with efficacy against nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-resistant human immunodeficiency virus isolates
    • Buckheit R.W., Snow M.J., Fliakas-Boltz V., et al. Highly potent oxathiin carboxanilide derivatives with efficacy against nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-resistant human immunodeficiency virus isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41 (1997) 831-837
    • (1997) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.41 , pp. 831-837
    • Buckheit, R.W.1    Snow, M.J.2    Fliakas-Boltz, V.3
  • 152
    • 0032500021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preclinical studies on thiocarboxanilide UC-781 as a virucidal agent
    • Balzarini J., Naesens L., Verbeken E., et al. Preclinical studies on thiocarboxanilide UC-781 as a virucidal agent. AIDS 12 (1998) 1129-1138
    • (1998) AIDS , vol.12 , pp. 1129-1138
    • Balzarini, J.1    Naesens, L.2    Verbeken, E.3
  • 153
    • 0042128299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of vaginal transmission of HIV-1 in hu-SCID mice by the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor TMC120 in a gel formulation
    • Di Fabio S., Van R.J., Giannini G., et al. Inhibition of vaginal transmission of HIV-1 in hu-SCID mice by the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor TMC120 in a gel formulation. AIDS 17 (2003) 1597-1604
    • (2003) AIDS , vol.17 , pp. 1597-1604
    • Di Fabio, S.1    Van, R.J.2    Giannini, G.3
  • 154
    • 23844482064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor UC-781 inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of human cervical tissue and dissemination by migratory cells
    • Fletcher P., Kiselyeva Y., Wallace G., et al. The nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor UC-781 inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of human cervical tissue and dissemination by migratory cells. J Virol 79 (2005) 11179-11186
    • (2005) J Virol , vol.79 , pp. 11179-11186
    • Fletcher, P.1    Kiselyeva, Y.2    Wallace, G.3
  • 155
    • 0347992022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro evaluation of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors UC-781 and TMC120-R147681 as human immunodeficiency virus microbicides
    • Van H.Y., Michiels J., Van R.J., et al. In vitro evaluation of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors UC-781 and TMC120-R147681 as human immunodeficiency virus microbicides. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48 (2004) 337-339
    • (2004) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.48 , pp. 337-339
    • Van, H.Y.1    Michiels, J.2    Van, R.J.3
  • 156
    • 4644252952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A series of diaryltriazines and diarylpyrimidines are highly potent nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors with possible applications as microbicides
    • Van H.Y., Vanham G., Michiels J., et al. A series of diaryltriazines and diarylpyrimidines are highly potent nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors with possible applications as microbicides. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48 (2004) 3684-3689
    • (2004) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.48 , pp. 3684-3689
    • Van, H.Y.1    Vanham, G.2    Michiels, J.3
  • 157
    • 0037471277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blocking of cell-free and cell-associated HIV-1 transmission through human cervix organ culture with UC781
    • Zussman A., Lara L., Lara H.H., Bentwich Z., and Borkow G. Blocking of cell-free and cell-associated HIV-1 transmission through human cervix organ culture with UC781. AIDS 17 (2003) 653-661
    • (2003) AIDS , vol.17 , pp. 653-661
    • Zussman, A.1    Lara, L.2    Lara, H.H.3    Bentwich, Z.4    Borkow, G.5
  • 158
    • 33646173910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro microbicidal activity of the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) UC781 against NNRTI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1
    • Hossain M.M., and Parniak M.A. In vitro microbicidal activity of the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) UC781 against NNRTI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol 80 (2006) 4440-4446
    • (2006) J Virol , vol.80 , pp. 4440-4446
    • Hossain, M.M.1    Parniak, M.A.2
  • 159
    • 0033961744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyherbal formulations with wide spectrum antimicrobial activity against reproductive tract infections and sexually transmitted pathogens
    • Talwar G.P., Raghuvanshi P., Mishra R., et al. Polyherbal formulations with wide spectrum antimicrobial activity against reproductive tract infections and sexually transmitted pathogens. Am J Reprod Immunol 43 (2000) 144-151
    • (2000) Am J Reprod Immunol , vol.43 , pp. 144-151
    • Talwar, G.P.1    Raghuvanshi, P.2    Mishra, R.3
  • 160
    • 23844515523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase I safety study of Praneem polyherbal vaginal tablet use among HIV-uninfected women in Pune, India
    • Joshi S.N., Katti U., Godbole S., et al. Phase I safety study of Praneem polyherbal vaginal tablet use among HIV-uninfected women in Pune, India. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 99 (2005) 769-774
    • (2005) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.99 , pp. 769-774
    • Joshi, S.N.1    Katti, U.2    Godbole, S.3
  • 161
    • 33745477882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acceptability of Praneem polyherbal vaginal tablet among HIV uninfected women and their male partners in Pune India-phase I study
    • Joglekar N.S., Joshi S.N., Navlakha S.N., Katti U.R., and Mehendale S.M. Acceptability of Praneem polyherbal vaginal tablet among HIV uninfected women and their male partners in Pune India-phase I study. Indian J Med Res 123 (2006) 547-552
    • (2006) Indian J Med Res , vol.123 , pp. 547-552
    • Joglekar, N.S.1    Joshi, S.N.2    Navlakha, S.N.3    Katti, U.R.4    Mehendale, S.M.5
  • 162
    • 53549120907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expanded safety study of Praneem polyherbal vaginal tablet among HIV-uninfected women in Pune, India: a phase II clinical trial report
    • Josh S.N., Dutta S., Kumar B.K., et al. Expanded safety study of Praneem polyherbal vaginal tablet among HIV-uninfected women in Pune, India: a phase II clinical trial report. Sex Transm Infect 84 (2008) 343-437
    • (2008) Sex Transm Infect , vol.84 , pp. 343-437
    • Josh, S.N.1    Dutta, S.2    Kumar, B.K.3
  • 163
    • 85014237215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lagakos S.W., and Gable A.R. (Eds), National Academy of Sciences-The National Academies Press, Washington, DC
    • In: Lagakos S.W., and Gable A.R. (Eds). Methodological challenges in biomedical HIV prevention trials (2008), National Academy of Sciences-The National Academies Press, Washington, DC
    • (2008) Methodological challenges in biomedical HIV prevention trials
  • 164
    • 33646990411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmaco-Economics Working group of the Microbicide Initiative, Rockefeller Foundation Microbicide Initiative, New York
    • Pharmaco-Economics Working group of the Microbicide Initiative. The economics of microbicide development: a case for investment (2002), Rockefeller Foundation Microbicide Initiative, New York 27
    • (2002) The economics of microbicide development: a case for investment , pp. 27
  • 165
    • 53949102146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global Campaign for Microbicides (accessed Sept 28, 2008).
    • Global Campaign for Microbicides. Funding needs. http://www.global-campaign.org/fundingneeds.htm (accessed Sept 28, 2008).
    • Funding needs
  • 166
    • 0032944424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complexity and the Hawthorne effect in community trials
    • Grufferman S. Complexity and the Hawthorne effect in community trials. Epidemiology 10 (1999) 209-210
    • (1999) Epidemiology , vol.10 , pp. 209-210
    • Grufferman, S.1
  • 167
    • 0345806528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acceptability of a novel vaginal microbicide during a safety trial among low-risk women
    • Bentley M., Morrow K.M., Fullem A., et al. Acceptability of a novel vaginal microbicide during a safety trial among low-risk women. Fam Plann Perspect 32 (2000) 184-188
    • (2000) Fam Plann Perspect , vol.32 , pp. 184-188
    • Bentley, M.1    Morrow, K.M.2    Fullem, A.3
  • 168
    • 3042809626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Covert use of topical microbicides: implications for acceptability and use
    • Woodsong C. Covert use of topical microbicides: implications for acceptability and use. Perspect Sex Reprod Health 36 (2004) 127-131
    • (2004) Perspect Sex Reprod Health , vol.36 , pp. 127-131
    • Woodsong, C.1
  • 169
    • 53949117296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moench TR, Doncel GF, Cone RA. The HEC placebo: designed for "no effect". Microbicides 2004 Conference; London, UK; March 28-31, 2004. Abstract 02609.
    • Moench TR, Doncel GF, Cone RA. The HEC placebo: designed for "no effect". Microbicides 2004 Conference; London, UK; March 28-31, 2004. Abstract 02609.
  • 170
    • 31444438410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro and in vivo characterization of a potential universal placebo designed for use in vaginal microbicide clinical trials
    • Tien D., Schnaare R.L., Kang F., et al. In vitro and in vivo characterization of a potential universal placebo designed for use in vaginal microbicide clinical trials. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 21 (2005) 845-853
    • (2005) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.21 , pp. 845-853
    • Tien, D.1    Schnaare, R.L.2    Kang, F.3
  • 171
    • 0037231767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development pharmaceutics of microbicide formulations. Part I: preformulation considerations and challenges
    • Garg S., Kandarapu R., Vermani K., et al. Development pharmaceutics of microbicide formulations. Part I: preformulation considerations and challenges. AIDS Patient Care STDS 17 (2003) 17-32
    • (2003) AIDS Patient Care STDS , vol.17 , pp. 17-32
    • Garg, S.1    Kandarapu, R.2    Vermani, K.3
  • 172
    • 46249087616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integration: a potential target for microbicides to prevent cell-free or cell-associated HIV-1 infection
    • Terrazas-Aranda K., Van Herrewege Y., Hazuda D., et al. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integration: a potential target for microbicides to prevent cell-free or cell-associated HIV-1 infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52 (2008) e2544-e2554
    • (2008) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.52
    • Terrazas-Aranda, K.1    Van Herrewege, Y.2    Hazuda, D.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.