Gender, age and tenure as moderators of work-related stressors' relationships with job performance: A meta-analysis

Human Relations

Volumn 61, Issue 10, 2008, Pages 1371-1398

  Shirom, Arie ^a   Gilboa, Simona Shechter ^b   Fried, Yitzhak ^c   Cooper, Cary L ^d,e  

^a TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

^b Center of Economic and Social Research

^c Syracuse University

^d LANCASTER UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^e Sunningdale Institute   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Age; Gender; Meta analysis; Moderators; Performance; Role ambiguity

Indexed keywords

EID: 52349114746     PISSN: 00187267     EISSN: 1741282X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0018726708095708     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. Aiken, L.A. & West, S.G. Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE, 1991.
2. Arvey, R.D. & Murphy, K.R. Performance evaluation in work settings. Annual Review of Psychology, 1998, 49 (1). 141-68.
3. Babin, B.J. & Boles, J.S. Employee behavior in a service environment: A model and test of potential differences between men and women. Journal of Marketing, 1998, 62, 77-91.
4. Bell, S.T. Deep-level composition variables as predictors of team performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2007, 92 (3). 595-615.
5. Berdahl, J.L. The sexual harassment of uppity women. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2007, 92 (2). 425-37.
6. Berry, C.M., Ones, D.S. & Sackett, P.R. Interpersonal deviance, organizational deviance, and their common correlates: A review and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2007, 92 (2). 410-24.
7. Borenstein, M. & Rothstein, H. Comprehensive meta-analysis. [Computer program]. Englewood, NJ: Biostat, 1999.
8. Bowers, C.A., Weaver, J. & Morgan, B.B. Jr. Moderating the performance effects of stressors. In J.E. Driskell & E. Sales (Eds) Stress and human performance. Mahweh, NJ: Erlbaum, 1996, pp. 163-95.
9. Brooks, A.K. & Clunis, T. Where to now? Race and ethnicity in workplace learning and development research: 1980-2005. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 2007, 18 (2). 229-51.
10. Byron, K. A meta-analytic review of work-family conflict and its antecedents. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2005, 67 (2). 169-98.
11. Campbell, J.P. Alternative models of job performance and their implications for selection and classification. In M.G. Ramsey, C.B. Walker & J.H. Harris (Eds), Personnel selection and classification. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1994, pp. 33-51.
12. Chao, G., O'Leary-Kelly, A.M., Wolf, S., Klein, H.J. & Gardner, P.O. Organizational socialization: Its content and consequences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1994, 79, 730-43.
13. Cleveland, J.N. & Lim, A.S. Employee age and performance in organizations. In K.S. Shultz & G.A. Adams (Eds), Aging and work in the 21st century. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2007, pp. 109-37.
14. Cohen, A. Career stage as a moderator of the relationships between organizational commitment and its outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 1991, 64, 253-68.
15. Cohen, A. Age and tenure in relation to organizational commitment: A meta-analysis. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 1993, 14 (2). 143-59.
16. Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S.G. & Aiken, L.S. Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences, 3 rd edn. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2003.
17. Cohen, S. After effects of stress on human performance and social behavior: A review of research and theory. Psychological Bulletin, 1980, 88, 82-108.
18. Conway, J.M. & Huffcutt, A.I. Psychometric properties of multisource performance ratings: A meta-analysis of subordinates, peer, and self-ratings. Human-Performance, 1997, 10, 331-60.
19. Cortina, J.M. Interaction, nonlinearity, and multicollinearity: Implications for multiple regression. Journal of Management, 1993, 19 (4). 915-22.
20. Davis, M.C., Matthews, K.A. & Twamley, E.W. Is life more difficult on Mars or Venus? A meta-analytic review of sex differences in major and minor life events. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 1999, 21 (1). 83-97.
21. Deschamps, J.C. Attribution or explanations in everyday life. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 1997, 6, 7-24.
22. Eagly, A.H. & Karau, S.J. Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review, 2002, 109 (3). 573-98.
23. Fisher, C.D. & Gitelson, R. A meta-analysis of the correlates of role conflict and ambiguity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1983, 68, 320-33.
24. Fiss, P.C. A set-theoretic approach to organizational configuration. Academy of Management Review, 2007, 32 (4). 1180-98.
25. Folkman, S. & Lazarus, R. An analysis of coping in middle-aged community sample. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 1980, 21, 219-39.
26. Fried, Y. & Ferris, G.R. The validity of the job characteristics model: A review and meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 1987, 40, 287-322.
27. Fried, Y. & Tiegs, R.B. Supervisors' role conflict and role ambiguity differential relations with performance ratings of subordinates and the moderating effect of screening ability. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1995, 80, 282-91.
28. Fried, Y., Melamed, S. & Ben-David, H.A. The joint effects of noise, job complexity, and gender on employee sickness absence: An exploratory study across 21 organizations - the CORDIS study. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 2002, 75, 131-44.
29. Giniger, S., Dispenzieri, A. & Eisenberg, J. Age, experience, and performance on speed and skill jobs in an applied setting. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1983, 68, 469-75.
30. Glenn, N.D., Taylor, P.A. & Weaver, C.N. Age and job satisfaction among males and females - multivariate, multisurvey study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1977, 62 (2). 189-93.
31. Goldman, B.M., Gutek, B.A., Stein, J.H. & Lewis, K. Employment discrimination in organizations: Antecedents and consequences. Journal of Management, 2006, 32 (6). 786-830.
32. Griffeth, R.W., Hom, P.W. & Gaertner, S. A meta-analysis of the antecedents and correlates of employee turnover: Update, moderator tests, and research implications for the millennium. Journal of Management, 2000, 26, 463-88.
33. Gully, S.M., Incalcaterra, K.A., Joshi, A. & Beaubien, J.M. A meta-analysis of team-efficacy, potency, and performance: Interdependence and level of analysis as moderators of observed relationships. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2002, 87 (5). 819-32.
34. Gupta, N. & Beehr, T.A. Job stress and employees' behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 1979, 23, 373-87.
35. Hobfoll, S.E. Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 1989, 44 (3). 513-24.
36. Hunter, J.E. & Schmidt, F.L. Methods of meta-analysis, 2 nd edn. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, 2004.
37. Jackson, S.E. & Schuler, R.S. A meta-analysis and conceptual critique of research on role ambiguity and role conflict in work settings. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 1985, 36, 16-78.
38. Jex, S.M. Stress and job performance: Theory, research, and implications for management practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, 1998.
39. Jones, J.M. Stress at work takes costly toll. The APA Monitor, 1990, 21, 37.
40. Judge, T.A., Thoresen, C.J., Bono, J.E. & Patton, G.K. The job satisfaction and job performance relationship: A qualitative and quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 2001, 127, 376-407.
41. Kahn, R.L., Wolfe, D.M., Quinn, R.P., Snoek, J.D. & Rosenthal, R.A. Organizational stress: Studies in role conflict and role ambiguity. New York: Wiley, 1964.
42. King, L.A. & King, D.W. Role conflict and role ambiguity: A critical assessment of construct validity. Psychological Bulletin, 1990, 107, 48-64.
43. Koslowsky, M. Modeling the stress-strain relationship in work setting. London: Routledge, 1998.
44. Law, K.S., Wong, C.S. & Mobley, W.H. Toward a taxonomy of multidimensional constructs. Academy of Management Review, 1998, 23, 741-75.
45. Lazarus, R.S. Stress and emotion. New York: New York: Springer, 1999.
46. Lazarus, R.S. & Folkman, S. Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer, 1984.
47. LePine, J.A., Podsakoff, N.P. & LePine, M.A. A meta-analytic test of the challenge stressor-hindrance stressor framework: An explanation for inconsistent relationships. Academy of Management Journal, 2005, 48 (5). 725-41.
48. Levinson, D.J., Darrow, C.N., Klein, E.B., Levinson, M.H. & McKee, B. The seasons of a man's life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1978.
49. Lyness, K.S. & Heilman, M.E. When fit is fundamental: Performance evaluations and promotions of upper-level female and male managers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2006, 91 (4). 777-85.
50. Martocchio, J.J. & O'Leary, A.M. Sex differences in occupational stress: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1989, 74, 495-501.
51. Maurer, T.J. & Taylor, M.A. Is sex by itself enough? An explanation of gender bias issues in performance appraisal. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 1994, 60, 231-51.
52. McEvoy, G.M. & Cascio, W.F. Cumulative evidence of the relationship between employee age and job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1989, 74, 11-17.
53. Motowidlo, S.J., Packard, J.S. & Manning, M.R. Occupational stress: Its causes and consequences for job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1986, 71, 618-29.
54. Murphy, K.R. Job performance and productivity. In K.R. Murphy & F.J. Saal (Eds), Psychology in organizations: Integrating science and practice. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1990, pp. 157-76.
55. Murphy, K.R. & Shiarella, A.H. Implications of the multidimensional nature of job performance for the validity of selection tests. Personnel Psychology, 1997, 50, 823-54.
56. Nelson, D.L. & Burke, R.J. Gender, work stress and health. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2002.
57. Netter, J., Wasserman, W. & Kutner, M. Applies linear regression models, 2 nd edn. Homewood, IL: Irwin, 1989.
58. Ng, T.W.H. & Feldman, D.C. The relationship of age to ten dimensions of job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2008, 93 (2). 393-423.
59. Ng, T.W.H., Eby, L.T., Sorensen, K.L. & Feldman, D.C. Predictors of objective and subjective career success: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 2005, 58 (2). 367-408.
60. Nieva, V.F. & Gutek, B.A. Sex effects on evaluations. Academy of Management Review, 1989, 5, 267-76.
61. Ostroff, C. & Harrison, D.A. Meta-analysis, level of analysis, and best estimates of population correlations: Cautions for interpreting meta-analytic results in organizational behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1999, 84 (2). 260-70.
62. Payne, R. Individual differences in cognition and the stress process. In C.L. Cooper & R. Payne (Eds), Personality and stress: Individual differences in the stress process. New York: Wiley, 1991, pp. 181-204.
63. Quinones, M.A., Ford, J.K. & Teachout, M.S. The relationship between work experience and job performance: A conceptual and meta-analytic review. Personnel Psychology, 1995, 48 (4). 887-910.
64. Rhodes, S. & Steers, R.M. Managing employee absenteeism. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1990.
65. Riketta, M. Attitudinal organizational commitment and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2002, 23, 257-66.
66. Riketta, M. The causal relations between job attitudes and performance: A meta-analysis of panel studies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2008, 93 (2). 472-81.
67. Rizzo, J.R., House, R.J. & Lirtzman, S.I. Role conflict and ambiguity in complex organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1970, 15, 150-63.
68. Rodin, J. Health, control, and aging. In N.M. Baltes & P.B. Baltes (Eds), The psychology of control and aging. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1986, pp. 139-63.
69. Rodriguez, I., Bravo, M.J., Peiro, J.M. & Schaufeli, W. The Demands-Control-Support model, locus of control and job dissatisfaction: A longitudinal study. Work & Stress, 2001, 15 (2). 97-114.
70. Roth, P.L., Huffcutt, A.I. & Bobko, P. Ethnic group differences in measures of job performance: A new meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2003, 88 (4). 694-706.
71. Rosenthal, R. & Rubin, D. Meta-analytic procedures for combining studies with multiple effect sizes. Psychological Bulletin, 1986, 99, 400-6.
72. Ryan, M.K. & Haslam, S.A. The glass cliff: Exploring the dynamics surrounding the appointment of women to precarious leadership positions. Academy of Management Review, 2007, 32 (2). 549-72.
73. Spector, P.E., Dwer, D.J. & Jex, S.M. Relation of job stressors to affective, health, and performance outcomes: A comparison of multiple data sources. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1988, 73, 11-19.
74. Staw, B.M. & Barsade, S.G. Affect and performance: A test of the sadder-but-wise vs. happier-and-smarter hypotheses. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1993, 38 (2). 304-31.
75. Steel, P. The nature of procrastination: A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin, 2007, 133 (1). 65-94.
76. Steel, P.D. & Kammeyer-Mueller, J.D. Comparing meta-analytic moderator estimation techniques under realistic conditions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2002, 87, 96-111.
77. Sturman, M.C. Searching for the inverted U-shaped relationship between time and performance: Meta-analyses of the experience/performance, tenure/performance, and age/performance relationships. Journal of Management, 2003, 29, 609-40.
78. Sullivan, S.E. & Bhagat, R.S. Organizational stress job satisfaction and job performance: Where do we go from here? Journal of Management, 1992, 18, 353-74.
79. Tamres, L.K., Janicki, D. & Helgeson, V.S. Sex differences in coping behavior: A meta-analytic review and an examination of relative coping. Personality & Social Psychology Review, 2002, 6 (1). 2-30.
80. Taylor, S.E. Tend and befriend: Biobehavioral bases of affiliation under stress. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2006, 15 (6). 273-77.
81. Thoresen, C.J., Kaplan, S.A., Barsky, A.P., Warren, C.R. & de Chermont, K. The affective underpinnings of job perceptions and attitudes: A meta-analytic review and integration. Psychological Bulletin, 2003, 129, 914-45.
82. Thornton, W.J.L. & Dumke, H.A. Age differences in everyday problem-solving and decision-making effectiveness: A meta-analytic review. Psychology and Aging, 2005, 20 (1). 85-99.
83. Torgerson, C.J. Publication bias: The Achilles' heel of systematic reviews? British Journal of Educational Studies, 2006, 54 (1). 89-102.
84. Tsui, A.S. & O'Reilly, C.A. Beyond simple demographic effects: The importance of relational demography in superior subordinate dyads. Academy of Management Journal, 1989, 32, 402-23.
85. Tubre, T.C. & Collins, J.M. Jackson and Schuler (1985) revisited: A meta-analysis of the relationships between role ambiguity, role conflict and job performance. Journal of Management, 2000, 26, 155-69.
86. Vagg, P.R., Spielberger, C.D. & Wasala, C.F. Effects of organizational level and gender on stress in the workplace. International Journal of Stress Management, 2002, 9 (4). 243-61.
87. Vita, A.J., Terry, R.B., Hubert, H.B. & Fries, J.F. Aging, health risks, and cumulative disability. New England Journal of Medicine, 1998, 338 (15). 1035-41.
88. Waldman, D.A. & Avolio, B.J. A meta-analysis of age differences in job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1986, 71, 33-8.
89. Watkins, M.B., Kaplan, S., Brief, A.P., Shull, A., Dietz, J., Mansfield, M.T. et al. Does it pay to be a sexist? The relationship between modern sexism and career outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2006, 69 (3). 524-37.
90. Willness, C.R., Steel, P. & Lee, K. A meta-analysis of the antecedents and consequences of workplace sexual harassment. Personnel Psychology, 2007, 60 (1). 127-62.
91. Wood, W. & Eagly, A.H. A cross-cultural analysis of the behavior of women and men: Implications for the origins of sex differences. Psychological Bulletin, 2002, 128 (5). 699-727.
92. Wright, T.A. & Bonett, D.G. The moderating effect of employee tenure on the relation between organizational commitment and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2002, 87 (6). 1183-90.