메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 59, Issue , 2008, Pages 487-501

Hide-and-seek: The challenge of viral persistence in HIV-1 infection

Author keywords

Eradication; HAART; Latency; Viral reservoir

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; CD4 ANTIGEN; CD45RO ANTIGEN; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; DARUNAVIR; DIDANOSINE; ELVITEGRAVIR; ENFUVIRTIDE; ETRAVIRINE; GAMMA INTERFERON; HYDROXYUREA; INTERLEUKIN 2; INTERLEUKIN 6; OKT 3; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; RALTEGRAVIR; RILPIVIRINE; TIPRANAVIR; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; VALPROIC ACID;

EID: 39649105458     PISSN: 00664219     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.med.59.062806.123001     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (101)

References (93)
  • 1
    • 0037624182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twenty years of therapy for HIV-1 infection
    • Pomerantz RJ, Horn DL. 2003. Twenty years of therapy for HIV-1 infection. Nat. Med. 9:867-73
    • (2003) Nat. Med , vol.9 , pp. 867-873
    • Pomerantz, R.J.1    Horn, D.L.2
  • 2
    • 0030869269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment with indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection and prior antiretroviral therapy
    • Gulick RM, Mellors JW, Havlir D, et al. 1997. Treatment with indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection and prior antiretroviral therapy. N. Engl. J. Med. 337:734-39
    • (1997) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.337 , pp. 734-739
    • Gulick, R.M.1    Mellors, J.W.2    Havlir, D.3
  • 3
    • 15144342918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of response in lymphoid tissues to antiretroviral therapy of HIV-1 infection
    • Cavert W, Notermans DW, Staskus K, et al. 1997. Kinetics of response in lymphoid tissues to antiretroviral therapy of HIV-1 infection. Science 276:960-64
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 960-964
    • Cavert, W.1    Notermans, D.W.2    Staskus, K.3
  • 4
    • 0030952479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decay characteristics of HIV-1-infected compartments during combination therapy
    • Perelson AS, Essunger P, Cao Y, et al. 1997. Decay characteristics of HIV-1-infected compartments during combination therapy. Nature 387:188-91
    • (1997) Nature , vol.387 , pp. 188-191
    • Perelson, A.S.1    Essunger, P.2    Cao, Y.3
  • 5
    • 0030712305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recovery of replication-competent HIV despite prolonged suppression of plasma viremia
    • Wong JK, Hezareh M, Günthard HF, et al. 1997. Recovery of replication-competent HIV despite prolonged suppression of plasma viremia. Science 278:1291-95
    • (1997) Science , vol.278 , pp. 1291-1295
    • Wong, J.K.1    Hezareh, M.2    Günthard, H.F.3
  • 6
    • 0030659177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presence of an inducible HIV-1 latent reservoir during highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Chun T-W, Stuyver L, Mizell SB, et al. 1997. Presence of an inducible HIV-1 latent reservoir during highly active antiretroviral therapy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:13193-97
    • (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.94 , pp. 13193-13197
    • Chun, T.-W.1    Stuyver, L.2    Mizell, S.B.3
  • 7
    • 14444273439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a reservoir for HIV-1 in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Finzi D, Hermankova M, Pierson T, et al. 1997. Identification of a reservoir for HIV-1 in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. Science 278:1295-300
    • (1997) Science , vol.278 , pp. 1295-1300
    • Finzi, D.1    Hermankova, M.2    Pierson, T.3
  • 8
    • 0030913366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of latent tissue reservoirs and total body viral load in HIV-1 infection
    • Chun T-W, Carruth L, Finzi D, et al. 1997. Quantification of latent tissue reservoirs and total body viral load in HIV-1 infection. Nature 387:183-88
    • (1997) Nature , vol.387 , pp. 183-188
    • Chun, T.-W.1    Carruth, L.2    Finzi, D.3
  • 9
    • 0028792184 scopus 로고
    • In vivo fate of HIV-1-infected T cells: Quantitative analysis of the transition to stable latency
    • Chun TW, Finzi D, Margolick J, et al. 1995. In vivo fate of HIV-1-infected T cells: quantitative analysis of the transition to stable latency. Nat. Med. 1:1284-90
    • (1995) Nat. Med , vol.1 , pp. 1284-1290
    • Chun, T.W.1    Finzi, D.2    Margolick, J.3
  • 10
    • 0028952146 scopus 로고
    • HIV population dynamics in vivo: Implications for genetic variation, pathogenesis, and therapy
    • Coffin JM. 1995. HIV population dynamics in vivo: implications for genetic variation, pathogenesis, and therapy. Science 267:483-89
    • (1995) Science , vol.267 , pp. 483-489
    • Coffin, J.M.1
  • 11
    • 0028811974 scopus 로고
    • Viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
    • Wei X, Ghosh SK, Taylor ME, et al. 1995. Viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Nature 373:117-22
    • (1995) Nature , vol.373 , pp. 117-122
    • Wei, X.1    Ghosh, S.K.2    Taylor, M.E.3
  • 12
    • 0028874048 scopus 로고
    • Rapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection
    • Ho DD, Neumann AU, Perelson AS, et al. 1995. Rapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection. Nature 373:123-26
    • (1995) Nature , vol.373 , pp. 123-126
    • Ho, D.D.1    Neumann, A.U.2    Perelson, A.S.3
  • 13
    • 0026445567 scopus 로고
    • Lifespan of human lymphocyte subsets defined by CD45 isoforms
    • Michie CA, McLean A, Alcock C, et al. 1992. Lifespan of human lymphocyte subsets defined by CD45 isoforms. Nature 360:264-65
    • (1992) Nature , vol.360 , pp. 264-265
    • Michie, C.A.1    McLean, A.2    Alcock, C.3
  • 14
    • 0029008045 scopus 로고
    • In vivo estimates of division and death rates of human T lymphocytes
    • Mclean AR, Michie CA. 1995. In vivo estimates of division and death rates of human T lymphocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:3707-11
    • (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.92 , pp. 3707-3711
    • Mclean, A.R.1    Michie, C.A.2
  • 17
    • 1842458366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-resistant variants that evolve during nonsuppressive therapy persist in HIV-1-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells after long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Verhofstede C, Noe A, Demecheleer E, et al. 2004. Drug-resistant variants that evolve during nonsuppressive therapy persist in HIV-1-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells after long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 35:473-83
    • (2004) J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr , vol.35 , pp. 473-483
    • Verhofstede, C.1    Noe, A.2    Demecheleer, E.3
  • 18
    • 2942618578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The lymphocyte HIV reservoir in patients on long-term HAART is a memory of virus evolution
    • Lambotte O, Chaix M-L, Gubler B, et al. 2004. The lymphocyte HIV reservoir in patients on long-term HAART is a memory of virus evolution. AIDS 18:1147-58
    • (2004) AIDS , vol.18 , pp. 1147-1158
    • Lambotte, O.1    Chaix, M.-L.2    Gubler, B.3
  • 19
    • 0033984045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The decay of the latent reservoir of replication-competent HIV-1 is inversely correlated with the extent of residual viral replication during prolonged antiretroviral therapy
    • Ramratnam B, Mittler JE, Zhang L, et al. 2000. The decay of the latent reservoir of replication-competent HIV-1 is inversely correlated with the extent of residual viral replication during prolonged antiretroviral therapy. Nat. Med. 6:82-85
    • (2000) Nat. Med , vol.6 , pp. 82-85
    • Ramratnam, B.1    Mittler, J.E.2    Zhang, L.3
  • 20
    • 0033004630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rate of HIV-1 RNA rebound upon stopping antiretroviral therapy
    • Harrigan PR, Whaley M, Montaner JSG. 1999. Rate of HIV-1 RNA rebound upon stopping antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 13:F59-F62
    • (1999) AIDS , vol.13
    • Harrigan, P.R.1    Whaley, M.2    Montaner, J.S.G.3
  • 21
    • 0029967721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 dynamics in vivo: Virion clearance rate, infected cell life-span, and viral generation time
    • Perelson AS, Neumann AU, Markowitz M, et al. 1996. HIV-1 dynamics in vivo: virion clearance rate, infected cell life-span, and viral generation time. Science 271:1582-86
    • (1996) Science , vol.271 , pp. 1582-1586
    • Perelson, A.S.1    Neumann, A.U.2    Markowitz, M.3
  • 22
    • 0022480641 scopus 로고
    • The role of mononuclear phagocytes in HTLV-III/LAV infection
    • Gartner S, Markovits P, Markovitz DM, et al. 1986. The role of mononuclear phagocytes in HTLV-III/LAV infection. Science 233:215-19
    • (1986) Science , vol.233 , pp. 215-219
    • Gartner, S.1    Markovits, P.2    Markovitz, D.M.3
  • 23
    • 0035808518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monocytes harbour replication-competent, nonlatent HIV-1 in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Sonza S, Mutimer HP, Oelrichs R, et al. 2001. Monocytes harbour replication-competent, nonlatent HIV-1 in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 15:17-22
    • (2001) AIDS , vol.15 , pp. 17-22
    • Sonza, S.1    Mutimer, H.P.2    Oelrichs, R.3
  • 24
    • 10544241554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative image analysis of HIV-1 infection in lymphoid tissue
    • Haase AT, Henry K, Zupancic M, et al. 1996. Quantitative image analysis of HIV-1 infection in lymphoid tissue. Science 274:985-89
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 985-989
    • Haase, A.T.1    Henry, K.2    Zupancic, M.3
  • 25
    • 0034718511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of follicular dendritic cells on decay of HIV during antiretroviral therapy
    • Hlavacek WS, Stilianakis NI, Notermans DW, et al. 2000. Influence of follicular dendritic cells on decay of HIV during antiretroviral therapy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:10966-71
    • (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.97 , pp. 10966-10971
    • Hlavacek, W.S.1    Stilianakis, N.I.2    Notermans, D.W.3
  • 26
    • 0025342694 scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 entry into quiescent primary lymphocytes: Molecular analysis reveals a labile, latent viral structure
    • Zack JA, Arrigo SJ, Weitsman SR, et al. 1990. HIV-1 entry into quiescent primary lymphocytes: molecular analysis reveals a labile, latent viral structure. Cell 61:213-22
    • (1990) Cell , vol.61 , pp. 213-222
    • Zack, J.A.1    Arrigo, S.J.2    Weitsman, S.R.3
  • 27
    • 0026054892 scopus 로고
    • Quiescent T lymphocytes as an inducible virus reservoir in HIV-1 infection
    • Bukrinsky MI, Stanwick TL, Dempsey MP, et al. 1991. Quiescent T lymphocytes as an inducible virus reservoir in HIV-1 infection. Science 254:423-27
    • (1991) Science , vol.254 , pp. 423-427
    • Bukrinsky, M.I.1    Stanwick, T.L.2    Dempsey, M.P.3
  • 29
    • 0036340605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of preintegration latency in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
    • Pierson TC, Zhou Y, Kieffer TL, et al. 2002. Molecular characterization of preintegration latency in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J. Virol. 76:8518-31
    • (2002) J. Virol , vol.76 , pp. 8518-8531
    • Pierson, T.C.1    Zhou, Y.2    Kieffer, T.L.3
  • 30
    • 0032577449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral dynamics in HIV-1 infection
    • Finzi D, Siliciano RF. 1998. Viral dynamics in HIV-1 infection. Cell 93:665-71
    • (1998) Cell , vol.93 , pp. 665-671
    • Finzi, D.1    Siliciano, R.F.2
  • 31
    • 0033520673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Residual HIV-1 RNA in blood plasma of patients taking suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Dornadula G, Zhang H, VanUitert B, et al. 1999. Residual HIV-1 RNA in blood plasma of patients taking suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy. JAMA 282:1627-32
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.282 , pp. 1627-1632
    • Dornadula, G.1    Zhang, H.2    VanUitert, B.3
  • 32
    • 0037302345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In a subset of subjects on highly active antiretroviral therapy, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in plasma decays from 50 to <5 copies per milliliter, with a half-life of 6 months
    • Di Mascio M, Dornadula G, Zhang H, et al. 2003. In a subset of subjects on highly active antiretroviral therapy, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in plasma decays from 50 to <5 copies per milliliter, with a half-life of 6 months. J. Virol. 77:2271-75
    • (2003) J. Virol , vol.77 , pp. 2271-2275
    • Di Mascio, M.1    Dornadula, G.2    Zhang, H.3
  • 33
    • 0242584383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneous clearance rates of long-lived lymphocytes infected with HIV: Intrinsic stability predicts lifelong persistence
    • Strain MC, Gunthard HF, Havlir DV, et al. 2003. Heterogeneous clearance rates of long-lived lymphocytes infected with HIV: intrinsic stability predicts lifelong persistence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100:4819-24
    • (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.100 , pp. 4819-4824
    • Strain, M.C.1    Gunthard, H.F.2    Havlir, D.V.3
  • 35
    • 0033871164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of chemokine receptor utilization of viruses in the latent reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus type 1
    • Pierson T, Hoffman TL, Blankson J, et al. 2000. Characterization of chemokine receptor utilization of viruses in the latent reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J. Virol. 74:7824-33
    • (2000) J. Virol , vol.74 , pp. 7824-7833
    • Pierson, T.1    Hoffman, T.L.2    Blankson, J.3
  • 36
    • 0035050963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of HIV latency during thymopoiesis
    • Brooks DG, Kitchen SG, Kitchen CMR, et al. 2001. Generation of HIV latency during thymopoiesis. Nat. Med. 7:459-64
    • (2001) Nat. Med , vol.7 , pp. 459-464
    • Brooks, D.G.1    Kitchen, S.G.2    Kitchen, C.M.R.3
  • 38
  • 39
    • 0036100526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replication and compartmentalization of HIV-1 in kidney epithelium of patients with HIV-associated nephropathy
    • Marras D, Bruggeman LA, Gao F, et al. 2002. Replication and compartmentalization of HIV-1 in kidney epithelium of patients with HIV-associated nephropathy. Nat. Med. 8:522-26
    • (2002) Nat. Med , vol.8 , pp. 522-526
    • Marras, D.1    Bruggeman, L.A.2    Gao, F.3
  • 40
    • 0023472072 scopus 로고
    • Infection of the retina by human immunodeficiency virus type I
    • Pomerantz RJ, Kuritzkes DR, de la Monte SM, et al. 1987. Infection of the retina by human immunodeficiency virus type I. N. Engl. J. Med. 317:1643-47
    • (1987) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.317 , pp. 1643-1647
    • Pomerantz, R.J.1    Kuritzkes, D.R.2    de la Monte, S.M.3
  • 41
    • 0032542314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the semen of men receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Zhang H, Dornadula G, Beumont M, et al. 1998. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the semen of men receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. N. Engl. J. Med. 339:1803-9
    • (1998) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.339 , pp. 1803-1809
    • Zhang, H.1    Dornadula, G.2    Beumont, M.3
  • 42
    • 0022522203 scopus 로고
    • Detection of AIDS virus in macrophages in brain tissue from AIDS patients with encephalopathy
    • Koenig S, Gendelman HE, Orenstein JM, et al. 1986. Detection of AIDS virus in macrophages in brain tissue from AIDS patients with encephalopathy. Science 233:1089-93
    • (1986) Science , vol.233 , pp. 1089-1093
    • Koenig, S.1    Gendelman, H.E.2    Orenstein, J.M.3
  • 43
    • 0032953920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cells provides a mechanism for lifelong persistence of HIV-1, even in patients on effective combination therapy
    • + T cells provides a mechanism for lifelong persistence of HIV-1, even in patients on effective combination therapy. Nat. Med. 5:512-17
    • (1999) Nat. Med , vol.5 , pp. 512-517
    • Finzi, D.1    Blankson, J.2    Siliciano, J.D.3
  • 44
    • 0037162715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 integration in the human genome favors active genes and local hotspots
    • Schroder ARW, Shinn P, Chen H, et al. 2002. HIV-1 integration in the human genome favors active genes and local hotspots. Cell 110:521-29
    • (2002) Cell , vol.110 , pp. 521-529
    • Schroder, A.R.W.1    Shinn, P.2    Chen, H.3
  • 45
    • 2642523580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cells from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals carry integrated HIV-1 genomes within actively transcribed host genes
    • + T cells from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals carry integrated HIV-1 genomes within actively transcribed host genes. J. Virol. 78:6122-33
    • (2004) J. Virol , vol.78 , pp. 6122-6133
    • Han, Y.1    Lassen, K.2    Monie, D.3
  • 46
    • 0032508613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A preferred target DNA structure for retroviral integrase in vitro
    • Katz RA, Gravuer K, Skalka AM. 1998. A preferred target DNA structure for retroviral integrase in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. 273:24190-95
    • (1998) J. Biol. Chem , vol.273 , pp. 24190-24195
    • Katz, R.A.1    Gravuer, K.2    Skalka, A.M.3
  • 47
    • 0035794637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The site of HIV-1 integration in the human genome determines basal transcriptional activity and response to Tat transactivation
    • Jordan A, Defechereux P, Verdin E. 2001. The site of HIV-1 integration in the human genome determines basal transcriptional activity and response to Tat transactivation. EMBO J. 20:1726-38
    • (2001) EMBO J , vol.20 , pp. 1726-1738
    • Jordan, A.1    Defechereux, P.2    Verdin, E.3
  • 48
    • 33747162419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The regulation of HIV-1 transcription: Molecular targets for chemotherapeutic intervention
    • Stevens M, De Clercq E, Balzarini J. 2006. The regulation of HIV-1 transcription: molecular targets for chemotherapeutic intervention. Med. Res. Rev. 26:595-625
    • (2006) Med. Res. Rev , vol.26 , pp. 595-625
    • Stevens, M.1    De Clercq, E.2    Balzarini, J.3
  • 49
    • 0033920260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tat modifies the activity of CDK9 to phosphorylate serine 5 of the RNA polymerase II carboxyl-terminal domain during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcription
    • Zhou M, Halanski MA, Radonovich MF, et al. 2000. Tat modifies the activity of CDK9 to phosphorylate serine 5 of the RNA polymerase II carboxyl-terminal domain during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcription. Mol. Cell Biol. 20:5077-86
    • (2000) Mol. Cell Biol , vol.20 , pp. 5077-5086
    • Zhou, M.1    Halanski, M.A.2    Radonovich, M.F.3
  • 50
    • 0023513563 scopus 로고
    • Anti-termination of transcription within the long terminal repeat of HIV-1 by tat gene product
    • Kao SY, Calman AF, Luciw PA, et al. 1987. Anti-termination of transcription within the long terminal repeat of HIV-1 by tat gene product. Nature 330:489-93
    • (1987) Nature , vol.330 , pp. 489-493
    • Kao, S.Y.1    Calman, A.F.2    Luciw, P.A.3
  • 51
    • 0028236808 scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II is stimulated by transactivators
    • Yankulov K, Blau J, Purton T, et al. 1994. Transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II is stimulated by transactivators. Cell 77:749-59
    • (1994) Cell , vol.77 , pp. 749-759
    • Yankulov, K.1    Blau, J.2    Purton, T.3
  • 52
    • 0024414213 scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 Tat protein increases transcriptional initiation and stabilizes elongation
    • Laspia MF, Rice AP, Mathews MB. 1989. HIV-1 Tat protein increases transcriptional initiation and stabilizes elongation. Cell 59:283-92
    • (1989) Cell , vol.59 , pp. 283-292
    • Laspia, M.F.1    Rice, A.P.2    Mathews, M.B.3
  • 53
    • 0032127436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcription elongation factor P-TEFb mediates Tat activation of HIV-1 transcription at multiple stages
    • Zhou Q, Chen D, Pierstorff E, et al. 1998. Transcription elongation factor P-TEFb mediates Tat activation of HIV-1 transcription at multiple stages. EMBO J. 17:3681-91
    • (1998) EMBO J , vol.17 , pp. 3681-3691
    • Zhou, Q.1    Chen, D.2    Pierstorff, E.3
  • 54
    • 0029011873 scopus 로고
    • Purification of P-TEFb, a transcription factor required for the transition into productive elongation
    • Marshall NF, Price DH. 1995. Purification of P-TEFb, a transcription factor required for the transition into productive elongation. J. Biol. Chem. 270:12335-38
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem , vol.270 , pp. 12335-12338
    • Marshall, N.F.1    Price, D.H.2
  • 55
    • 0023176085 scopus 로고
    • An inducible transcription factor activates expression of human immunodeficiency virus in T cells
    • Nabel G, Baltimore D. 1987. An inducible transcription factor activates expression of human immunodeficiency virus in T cells. Nature 326:711-13
    • (1987) Nature , vol.326 , pp. 711-713
    • Nabel, G.1    Baltimore, D.2
  • 56
    • 0030939152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The T cell activation factor NF-ATc positively regulates HIV-1 replication and gene expression in T cells
    • Kinoshita S, Su L, Amano M, et al. 1997. The T cell activation factor NF-ATc positively regulates HIV-1 replication and gene expression in T cells. Immunity 6:235-44
    • (1997) Immunity , vol.6 , pp. 235-244
    • Kinoshita, S.1    Su, L.2    Amano, M.3
  • 57
    • 0342742310 scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 stimulate the human immunodeficiency virus enhancer by activation of the nuclear factor κB
    • Osborn L, Kunkel S, Nabel GJ. 1989. Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 stimulate the human immunodeficiency virus enhancer by activation of the nuclear factor κB. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:2336-40
    • (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.86 , pp. 2336-2340
    • Osborn, L.1    Kunkel, S.2    Nabel, G.J.3
  • 58
    • 34147187122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cells: Involvement of NF-κB activation
    • + T cells: involvement of NF-κB activation. Virology 361:325-34
    • (2007) Virology , vol.361 , pp. 325-334
    • Qi, X.1    Koya, Y.2    Saitoh, T.3
  • 59
    • 0023429077 scopus 로고
    • Human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat responds to T-cell activation signals
    • Tong-Starksen SE, Luciw PA, Peterlin BM. 1987. Human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat responds to T-cell activation signals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:6845-49
    • (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.84 , pp. 6845-6849
    • Tong-Starksen, S.E.1    Luciw, P.A.2    Peterlin, B.M.3
  • 60
    • 0037446948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV reproducibly establishes a latent infection after acute infection of T cells in vitro
    • Jordan A, Bisgrove D, Verdin E. 2003. HIV reproducibly establishes a latent infection after acute infection of T cells in vitro. EMBO J. 22:1868-77
    • (2003) EMBO J , vol.22 , pp. 1868-1877
    • Jordan, A.1    Bisgrove, D.2    Verdin, E.3
  • 61
    • 0027258123 scopus 로고
    • Chromatin disruption in the promoter of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 during transcriptional activation
    • Verdin E, Paras PJ, Van Lint C, 1993. Chromatin disruption in the promoter of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 during transcriptional activation. EMBO J. 12:3249-59
    • (1993) EMBO J , vol.12 , pp. 3249-3259
    • Verdin, E.1    Paras, P.J.2    Van Lint, C.3
  • 62
    • 0029919356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional activation and chromatin remodeling of the HIV-1 promoter in response to histone acetylation
    • Van Lint C, Emiliani S, Ott M, et al. 1996. Transcriptional activation and chromatin remodeling of the HIV-1 promoter in response to histone acetylation. EMBO J. 15:1112-20
    • (1996) EMBO J , vol.15 , pp. 1112-1120
    • Van Lint, C.1    Emiliani, S.2    Ott, M.3
  • 63
    • 9144265028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensification of antiretroviral therapy accelerates the decay of the HIV-1 latent reservoir and decreases, but does not eliminate, ongoing virus replication
    • Ramratnam B, Ribeiro R, He T, et al. 2004. Intensification of antiretroviral therapy accelerates the decay of the HIV-1 latent reservoir and decreases, but does not eliminate, ongoing virus replication. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 35:33-37
    • (2004) J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr , vol.35 , pp. 33-37
    • Ramratnam, B.1    Ribeiro, R.2    He, T.3
  • 64
    • 0141676556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Productive infection maintains a dynamic steady state of residual viremia in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected persons treated with suppressive antiretroviral therapy for five years
    • Havlir DV, Strain MC, Clerici M, et al. 2003. Productive infection maintains a dynamic steady state of residual viremia in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected persons treated with suppressive antiretroviral therapy for five years. J. Virol. 77:11212-19
    • (2003) J. Virol , vol.77 , pp. 11212-11219
    • Havlir, D.V.1    Strain, M.C.2    Clerici, M.3
  • 65
    • 33750451933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral and latent reservoir persistence in HIV-1-infected patients on therapy
    • Kim H, Perelson AS. 2006. Viral and latent reservoir persistence in HIV-1-infected patients on therapy. PLoS Comput. Biol. 2:1232-47
    • (2006) PLoS Comput. Biol , vol.2 , pp. 1232-1247
    • Kim, H.1    Perelson, A.S.2
  • 66
    • 0023508507 scopus 로고
    • Cytokine-induced expression of HIV-1 in a chronically infected promonocyte cell line
    • Folks TM, Justement J, Kinter A, et al. 1987. Cytokine-induced expression of HIV-1 in a chronically infected promonocyte cell line. Science 238:800-2
    • (1987) Science , vol.238 , pp. 800-802
    • Folks, T.M.1    Justement, J.2    Kinter, A.3
  • 68
    • 0033031218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cells in HIV-1-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • + T cells in HIV-1-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Nat. Med. 5:651-55
    • (1999) Nat. Med , vol.5 , pp. 651-655
    • Chun, T.-W.1    Engel, D.2    Mizell, S.B.3
  • 69
    • 0026720650 scopus 로고
    • Rapid cytokine release in cancer patients treated with interleukin-2
    • Weidmann E, Bergmann L, Stock J, et al. 1992. Rapid cytokine release in cancer patients treated with interleukin-2. J. Immunother. 12:123-31
    • (1992) J. Immunother , vol.12 , pp. 123-131
    • Weidmann, E.1    Bergmann, L.2    Stock, J.3
  • 70
    • 0033613342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-emergence of HIV after stopping therapy
    • Chun T-W, Davey RT Jr, Engel D, et al. 1999. Re-emergence of HIV after stopping therapy. Nature 401:874-75
    • (1999) Nature , vol.401 , pp. 874-875
    • Chun, T.-W.1    Davey Jr, R.T.2    Engel, D.3
  • 71
    • 0033592967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 and T cell dynamics after interruption of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in patients with a history of sustained viral suppression
    • Davey RT Jr, Bhat N, Yoder C, et al. 1999. HIV-1 and T cell dynamics after interruption of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in patients with a history of sustained viral suppression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:15109-14
    • (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.96 , pp. 15109-15114
    • Davey Jr, R.T.1    Bhat, N.2    Yoder, C.3
  • 72
    • 0037178320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of interleukin-2 plus highly active antiretroviral therapy on HIV-1 replication and proviral DNA (COSMIC trial)
    • Stellbrink H-J, van Lunzen J, Westby M, et al. 2002. Effects of interleukin-2 plus highly active antiretroviral therapy on HIV-1 replication and proviral DNA (COSMIC trial). AIDS 16:1479-87
    • (2002) AIDS , vol.16 , pp. 1479-1487
    • Stellbrink, H.-J.1    van Lunzen, J.2    Westby, M.3
  • 73
    • 0035144503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pilot study of a combination of highly active antiretroviral therapy and cytokines to induce HIV-1 remission
    • Lafeuillade A, Poggi C, Chadapaud S, et al. 2001. Pilot study of a combination of highly active antiretroviral therapy and cytokines to induce HIV-1 remission. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 26:44-55
    • (2001) J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr , vol.26 , pp. 44-55
    • Lafeuillade, A.1    Poggi, C.2    Chadapaud, S.3
  • 75
    • 0034052614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of the HIV-1-infected T-cell reservoir by immune activation treatment is dose-dependent and restricted by the potency of antiretroviral drugs
    • Fraser C, Ferguson NM, Ghani AC, et al. 2000. Reduction of the HIV-1-infected T-cell reservoir by immune activation treatment is dose-dependent and restricted by the potency of antiretroviral drugs. AIDS 14:659-69
    • (2000) AIDS , vol.14 , pp. 659-669
    • Fraser, C.1    Ferguson, N.M.2    Ghani, A.C.3
  • 76
    • 0033520846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immuno-activation with anti-CD3 and recombinant human IL-2 in HIV-1-infected patients on potent antiretroviral therapy
    • Prins JM, Jurriaans S, van Praag RME, et al. 1999. Immuno-activation with anti-CD3 and recombinant human IL-2 in HIV-1-infected patients on potent antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 13:2405-10
    • (1999) AIDS , vol.13 , pp. 2405-2410
    • Prins, J.M.1    Jurriaans, S.2    van Praag, R.M.E.3
  • 77
    • 0027948936 scopus 로고
    • Hydroxyurea as an inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 replication
    • Lori F, Malykh A, Cara A, et al. 1994. Hydroxyurea as an inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 replication. Science 266:801-5
    • (1994) Science , vol.266 , pp. 801-805
    • Lori, F.1    Malykh, A.2    Cara, A.3
  • 78
    • 0032504930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Target cell availability and the successful suppression of HIV by hydroxyurea and didanosine
    • De Boer RJ, Boucher CA, Perelson AS. 1998. Target cell availability and the successful suppression of HIV by hydroxyurea and didanosine. AIDS 12:1567-70
    • (1998) AIDS , vol.12 , pp. 1567-1570
    • De Boer, R.J.1    Boucher, C.A.2    Perelson, A.S.3
  • 79
    • 0033942250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of mycophenolic acid on human immunodeficiency virus infection in vitro and in vivo
    • Chapuis AG, Rizzardi GP, D'Agostino C, et al. 2000. Effects of mycophenolic acid on human immunodeficiency virus infection in vitro and in vivo. Nat. Med. 6:762-68
    • (2000) Nat. Med , vol.6 , pp. 762-768
    • Chapuis, A.G.1    Rizzardi, G.P.2    D'Agostino, C.3
  • 80
    • 0037111060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensification and stimulation therapy for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reservoirs in infected persons receiving virally suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Kulkosky J, Nunnari G, Otero M, et al. 2002. Intensification and stimulation therapy for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reservoirs in infected persons receiving virally suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy. J. Infect. Dis. 186:1403-11
    • (2002) J. Infect. Dis , vol.186 , pp. 1403-1411
    • Kulkosky, J.1    Nunnari, G.2    Otero, M.3
  • 81
    • 26444506310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seminal reservoirs during an HIV type 1 eradication trial
    • Nunnari G, Leto D, Sullivan J, et al. 2005. Seminal reservoirs during an HIV type 1 eradication trial. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 21:768-75
    • (2005) AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses , vol.21 , pp. 768-775
    • Nunnari, G.1    Leto, D.2    Sullivan, J.3
  • 82
    • 0032578524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconsidering targeted toxins to eliminate HIV infection: You gotta have HAART
    • Berger EA, Moss B, Pastan I. 1998. Reconsidering targeted toxins to eliminate HIV infection: you gotta have HAART. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:11511-13
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.95 , pp. 11511-11513
    • Berger, E.A.1    Moss, B.2    Pastan, I.3
  • 83
    • 0035989039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase II randomized study of HIV-specific T-cell gene therapy in subjects with undetectable plasma viremia on combination antiretroviral therapy
    • Deeks SG, Wagner B, Anton PA, et al. 2002. A phase II randomized study of HIV-specific T-cell gene therapy in subjects with undetectable plasma viremia on combination antiretroviral therapy. Mol. Ther. 5:788-97
    • (2002) Mol. Ther , vol.5 , pp. 788-797
    • Deeks, S.G.1    Wagner, B.2    Anton, P.A.3
  • 84
    • 0036267284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addition of cyclophosphamide to antiretroviral therapy does not diminish the cellular reservoir in HIV-infected persons
    • Bartlett JA, Miralles GD, Sevin AD, et al. 2002. Addition of cyclophosphamide to antiretroviral therapy does not diminish the cellular reservoir in HIV-infected persons. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 18:535-43
    • (2002) AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses , vol.18 , pp. 535-543
    • Bartlett, J.A.1    Miralles, G.D.2    Sevin, A.D.3
  • 85
    • 0033613133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An anti-CD45RO immunotoxin eliminates T cells latently infected with HIV-1 in vitro
    • McCoig C, Van Dyke G, Chou C-S, et al. 1999. An anti-CD45RO immunotoxin eliminates T cells latently infected with HIV-1 in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:11482-85
    • (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.96 , pp. 11482-11485
    • McCoig, C.1    Van Dyke, G.2    Chou, C.-S.3
  • 86
    • 0035892120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prostratin: Activation of latent HIV-1 expression suggests a potential inductive adjuvant therapy for HAART
    • Kulkosky J, Culnan DM, Roman J, et al. 2001. Prostratin: activation of latent HIV-1 expression suggests a potential inductive adjuvant therapy for HAART. Blood 98:3006-15
    • (2001) Blood , vol.98 , pp. 3006-3015
    • Kulkosky, J.1    Culnan, D.M.2    Roman, J.3
  • 87
    • 0036315848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of prostratin on T-cell activation and human immunodeficiency virus latency
    • Korin YD, Brooks DG, Brown S, et al. 2002. Effects of prostratin on T-cell activation and human immunodeficiency virus latency. J. Virol. 76:8118-23
    • (2002) J. Virol , vol.76 , pp. 8118-8123
    • Korin, Y.D.1    Brooks, D.G.2    Brown, S.3
  • 88
    • 2942586974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coaxing HIV-1 from resting CD4 T cells: Histone deacetylase inhibition allows latent viral expression
    • Ylisastigui L, Archin NM, Lehrman G, et al. 2004. Coaxing HIV-1 from resting CD4 T cells: histone deacetylase inhibition allows latent viral expression. AIDS 18:1101-8
    • (2004) AIDS , vol.18 , pp. 1101-1108
    • Ylisastigui, L.1    Archin, N.M.2    Lehrman, G.3
  • 89
    • 23744500093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depletion of latent HIV-1 infection in vivo: A proof-of-concept study
    • Lehrman G, Hogue IB, Palmer S, et al. 2005. Depletion of latent HIV-1 infection in vivo: a proof-of-concept study. Lancet 366:549-55
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 549-555
    • Lehrman, G.1    Hogue, I.B.2    Palmer, S.3
  • 90
    • 33847642822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability of the latent reservoir for HIV-1 in patients receiving valproic acid
    • Siliciano JD, Lai J, Callender M, et al. 2007. Stability of the latent reservoir for HIV-1 in patients receiving valproic acid. J. Infect. Dis. 195:833-36
    • (2007) J. Infect. Dis , vol.195 , pp. 833-836
    • Siliciano, J.D.1    Lai, J.2    Callender, M.3
  • 91
    • 33746721508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No change to HIV-1 latency with valproate therapy
    • Steel A, Clark S, Teo I, et al. 2006. No change to HIV-1 latency with valproate therapy. AIDS 20:1681-82
    • (2006) AIDS , vol.20 , pp. 1681-1682
    • Steel, A.1    Clark, S.2    Teo, I.3
  • 92
    • 33947385291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of microRNA-silencing pathway by HIV-1 during virus replication
    • Triboulet R, Mari B, Lin Y-L, et al. 2007. Suppression of microRNA-silencing pathway by HIV-1 during virus replication. Science 315:1579-82
    • (2007) Science , vol.315 , pp. 1579-1582
    • Triboulet, R.1    Mari, B.2    Lin, Y.-L.3
  • 93
    • 30444431914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NF-κB p50 promotes HIV latency through HDAC recruitment and repression of transcriptional initiation
    • Williams SA, Chen L-F, Kwon H, et al. 2006. NF-κB p50 promotes HIV latency through HDAC recruitment and repression of transcriptional initiation. EMBO J. 25:139-49
    • (2006) EMBO J , vol.25 , pp. 139-149
    • Williams, S.A.1    Chen, L.-F.2    Kwon, H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.