메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 77, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 534-574

Understanding tutor learning: Knowledge-building and knowledge-telling in peer tutors' explanations and questions

Author keywords

Explaining; Knowledge building; Learning strategies; Metacognition; Peer tutoring; Questioning; Tutor learning

Indexed keywords


EID: 37049021371     PISSN: 00346543     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3102/0034654307309920     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (427)

References (121)
  • 1
    • 0000966103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The functions of multiple representations
    • Ainsworth, S. (1999). The functions of multiple representations. Computers and Education, 33, 131-152.
    • (1999) Computers and Education , vol.33 , pp. 131-152
    • Ainsworth, S.1
  • 2
    • 36049045580 scopus 로고
    • Impact of the role of tutor on behavior and self-perceptions
    • J. Levine & M. Wang Eds, Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Allen, V. (1983). Impact of the role of tutor on behavior and self-perceptions. In J. Levine & M. Wang (Eds.), Teacher and student perception: Implications for learning (pp. 367-389). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1983) Teacher and student perception: Implications for learning , pp. 367-389
    • Allen, V.1
  • 3
    • 84952539062 scopus 로고
    • Learning through tutoring: Low-achieving children as tutors
    • Allen, V., & Feldman, R. (1973). Learning through tutoring: Low-achieving children as tutors. Journal of Experimental Education, 42(1), 1-5.
    • (1973) Journal of Experimental Education , vol.42 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-5
    • Allen, V.1    Feldman, R.2
  • 5
    • 84970466017 scopus 로고
    • Does answering higher-level questions while reading facilitate productive learning?
    • Andre, T. (1979). Does answering higher-level questions while reading facilitate productive learning? Review of Educational Research, 49(2), 280-318.
    • (1979) Review of Educational Research , vol.49 , Issue.2 , pp. 280-318
    • Andre, T.1
  • 6
    • 0002684864 scopus 로고
    • The processes and effects of peer tutoring
    • Annis, L. (1983). The processes and effects of peer tutoring. Human Learning, 2, 39-47.
    • (1983) Human Learning , vol.2 , pp. 39-47
    • Annis, L.1
  • 7
    • 26844550333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scaffolding self-regulated learning and metacognition: Implications for the design of computer-based scaffolds
    • Azevedo, R., & Hadwin, A. (2005). Scaffolding self-regulated learning and metacognition: Implications for the design of computer-based scaffolds. Instructional Science, 33, 367-379.
    • (2005) Instructional Science , vol.33 , pp. 367-379
    • Azevedo, R.1    Hadwin, A.2
  • 9
    • 0030305185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving peers' helping behavior to students with learning disabilities during mathematics peer tutoring
    • Bentz, J., & Fuchs, L. (1996). Improving peers' helping behavior to students with learning disabilities during mathematics peer tutoring. Learning Disability Quarterly, 19, 202-215.
    • (1996) Learning Disability Quarterly , vol.19 , pp. 202-215
    • Bentz, J.1    Fuchs, L.2
  • 10
    • 0000861917 scopus 로고
    • Quality of learning with an active versus passive motivational set
    • Benware, C., & Deci, E. (1984). Quality of learning with an active versus passive motivational set. American Educational Research Journal, 21(4), 755-765.
    • (1984) American Educational Research Journal , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 755-765
    • Benware, C.1    Deci, E.2
  • 11
    • 33845566238 scopus 로고
    • Training in self-explanation and self-regulation strategies: Investigating the effects of knowledge acquisition activities on problem-solving
    • Bielacyzc, K., Pirolli, P., & Brown, A. (1995). Training in self-explanation and self-regulation strategies: Investigating the effects of knowledge acquisition activities on problem-solving. Cognition and Instruction, 13(2), 221-252.
    • (1995) Cognition and Instruction , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 221-252
    • Bielacyzc, K.1    Pirolli, P.2    Brown, A.3
  • 12
    • 1842441711 scopus 로고
    • Effects of role and assignment rationale on attitudes formed during peer tutoring
    • Bierman, K., & Furman, W. (1981). Effects of role and assignment rationale on attitudes formed during peer tutoring. Journal of Educational Psychology, 73(1), 33-40.
    • (1981) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.73 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-40
    • Bierman, K.1    Furman, W.2
  • 13
    • 17044420783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning by teaching: A new agent paradigm for educational software
    • & TAG-V
    • Biswas, G., Leelawong, K., Schwartz, D., Vye, N., & TAG-V. (2005). Learning by teaching: A new agent paradigm for educational software. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 19, 363-392.
    • (2005) Applied Artificial Intelligence , vol.19 , pp. 363-392
    • Biswas, G.1    Leelawong, K.2    Schwartz, D.3    Vye, N.4
  • 14
    • 0242533424 scopus 로고
    • The effects of peer tutoring on mathematics performance: A recent review
    • Britz, M., Dixon, J., & McLaughlin, T. (1989). The effects of peer tutoring on mathematics performance: A recent review. B. C. Journal of Special Education, 13(1), 17-33.
    • (1989) B. C. Journal of Special Education , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-33
    • Britz, M.1    Dixon, J.2    McLaughlin, T.3
  • 15
    • 37049009164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brown, A., Bransford, J., Ferrara, R., & Campione, J. (1983). Learning, remembering, and understanding. In J. Flavell & E. Markman (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: 3. Cognitive development (4th ed., pp. 420-494). New York: Wiley.
    • Brown, A., Bransford, J., Ferrara, R., & Campione, J. (1983). Learning, remembering, and understanding. In J. Flavell & E. Markman (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Cognitive development (4th ed., pp. 420-494). New York: Wiley.
  • 16
    • 33645751958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning from text with diagrams: Promoting mental model development and inference generation
    • Butcher, K. (2006). Learning from text with diagrams: Promoting mental model development and inference generation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 98, 182-197.
    • (2006) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.98 , pp. 182-197
    • Butcher, K.1
  • 17
    • 33845340769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-explaining expository texts: The dual process of generating inferences and repairing mental models
    • R. Glaser Ed, Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Chi, M. (2000). Self-explaining expository texts: The dual process of generating inferences and repairing mental models. In R. Glaser (Ed.), Advances in instructional psychology (pp. 161-238). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (2000) Advances in instructional psychology , pp. 161-238
    • Chi, M.1
  • 18
    • 34249317821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two approaches to the study of experts' characteristics
    • N. Charness, P. Feltovich, & R. Hoffman Eds, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Chi, M. (2006). Two approaches to the study of experts' characteristics. In N. Charness, P. Feltovich, & R. Hoffman (Eds.), Cambridge handbook of expertise and expert performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2006) Cambridge handbook of expertise and expert performance
    • Chi, M.1
  • 19
    • 0040577762 scopus 로고
    • Self-explanations: How students study and use examples in learning to solve problems
    • Chi, M., Bassok, M., Lewis, M., Reimann, P., & Glaser, R. (1989). Self-explanations: How students study and use examples in learning to solve problems. Cognitive Science, 13, 145-182.
    • (1989) Cognitive Science , vol.13 , pp. 145-182
    • Chi, M.1    Bassok, M.2    Lewis, M.3    Reimann, P.4    Glaser, R.5
  • 21
    • 84885733196 scopus 로고
    • The content of physics self-explanations
    • Chi, M., & VanLehn, K. (1991). The content of physics self-explanations. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 1(1), 69-105.
    • (1991) Journal of the Learning Sciences , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 69-105
    • Chi, M.1    VanLehn, K.2
  • 23
    • 84987044641 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical considerations of peer tutoring
    • Cohen, J. (1986). Theoretical considerations of peer tutoring. Psychology in the Schools, 23, 175-186.
    • (1986) Psychology in the Schools , vol.23 , pp. 175-186
    • Cohen, J.1
  • 24
    • 11944272254 scopus 로고
    • A power primer
    • Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155-159.
    • (1992) Psychological Bulletin , vol.112 , Issue.1 , pp. 155-159
    • Cohen, J.1
  • 25
    • 84925975946 scopus 로고
    • Educational outcomes of tutoring: A meta-analysis of findings
    • Cohen, P., Kulik, J., & Kulik, C. (1982). Educational outcomes of tutoring: A meta-analysis of findings. American Educational Research Journal, 19(2), 237-248.
    • (1982) American Educational Research Journal , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 237-248
    • Cohen, P.1    Kulik, J.2    Kulik, C.3
  • 26
    • 0031536462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of instructional explanations on formal learning from scientific texts
    • Coleman, E., Brown, A., & Rivkin, I. (1997). The effect of instructional explanations on formal learning from scientific texts. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 6(4), 347-365.
    • (1997) Journal of the Learning Sciences , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 347-365
    • Coleman, E.1    Brown, A.2    Rivkin, I.3
  • 28
    • 84925978791 scopus 로고
    • Children's discourse during peer learning in experimental and naturalistic situations
    • Cooper, C., Ayers-Lopez, S., & Marquis, A. (1982). Children's discourse during peer learning in experimental and naturalistic situations. Discourse Processes, 5, 177-191.
    • (1982) Discourse Processes , vol.5 , pp. 177-191
    • Cooper, C.1    Ayers-Lopez, S.2    Marquis, A.3
  • 29
    • 34249721752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of peer interaction among children in a tutoring situation pertaining to mathematical problems of the multiplying type
    • E. de Corte, L. Verschaffel, N. Entwhistle, & J. van Merrienboer Eds, New York: Elsevier
    • Crahay, M., Hindryckx, G., & Lebe, M. (2003). Analysis of peer interaction among children in a tutoring situation pertaining to mathematical problems of the multiplying type. In E. de Corte, L. Verschaffel, N. Entwhistle, & J. van Merrienboer (Eds.), Powerful learning environments: Unravelling basic components and dimensions (pp. 197-211). New York: Elsevier.
    • (2003) Powerful learning environments: Unravelling basic components and dimensions , pp. 197-211
    • Crahay, M.1    Hindryckx, G.2    Lebe, M.3
  • 30
    • 33845284532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deep-level reasoning questions effect: The role of dialog and deep-level reasoning questions during vicarious learning
    • Craig, S., Sullins, J., Witherspoon, A., & Gholson, B. (2006). Deep-level reasoning questions effect: The role of dialog and deep-level reasoning questions during vicarious learning. Cognition and Instruction, 24(4), 565-591.
    • (2006) Cognition and Instruction , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 565-591
    • Craig, S.1    Sullins, J.2    Witherspoon, A.3    Gholson, B.4
  • 31
    • 0037208191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prompting middle school science students for productive reflection: Generic and directed prompts
    • Davis, E. (2003). Prompting middle school science students for productive reflection: Generic and directed prompts. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 12(1), 91-142.
    • (2003) Journal of the Learning Sciences , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 91-142
    • Davis, E.1
  • 32
    • 85071079546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theory and practice of student questioning
    • S. Karabenick Ed, Mahwah, NJ: Earlbaum
    • Dillon, J. (1998). Theory and practice of student questioning. In S. Karabenick (Ed.), Strategic help-seeking: Implications for learning and teaching (pp. 171-193). Mahwah, NJ: Earlbaum.
    • (1998) Strategic help-seeking: Implications for learning and teaching , pp. 171-193
    • Dillon, J.1
  • 33
    • 0001864706 scopus 로고
    • The development of individual competencies through social interaction
    • H. Foot, M. Morgan, & R. Shute Eds, New York: John Wiley
    • Doise, W. (1990). The development of individual competencies through social interaction. In H. Foot, M. Morgan, & R. Shute (Eds.), Children helping children (pp. 43-64). New York: John Wiley.
    • (1990) Children helping children , pp. 43-64
    • Doise, W.1
  • 34
    • 17544378140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring implementation of reciprocal peer tutoring: Identifying and intervening with students who do not maintain accurate implementation
    • Dufrene, B., Noell, G., Gilbertson, D., & Duhan, G. (2005). Monitoring implementation of reciprocal peer tutoring: Identifying and intervening with students who do not maintain accurate implementation. School Psychology Review, 34(1), 74-86.
    • (2005) School Psychology Review , vol.34 , Issue.1 , pp. 74-86
    • Dufrene, B.1    Noell, G.2    Gilbertson, D.3    Duhan, G.4
  • 35
    • 19744371383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Styles and sequences of cooperative interaction in fixed and reciprocal peer tutoring
    • Duran, D., & Monereo, C. (2005). Styles and sequences of cooperative interaction in fixed and reciprocal peer tutoring. Learning and Instruction, 15, 179-199.
    • (2005) Learning and Instruction , vol.15 , pp. 179-199
    • Duran, D.1    Monereo, C.2
  • 36
    • 0001327743 scopus 로고
    • Effects of reciprocal peer tutoring on mathematics and school adjustment: A componential analysis
    • Fantuzzo, J., King, J., & Heller, L. (1992). Effects of reciprocal peer tutoring on mathematics and school adjustment: A componential analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84, 331-339.
    • (1992) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.84 , pp. 331-339
    • Fantuzzo, J.1    King, J.2    Heller, L.3
  • 37
    • 0001270846 scopus 로고
    • Effects of reciprocal peer tutoring on academic achievement and psychological adjustment: A componential analysis
    • Fantuzzo, J., Riggio, R., Connelly, S., & Dimeff, L. (1989). Effects of reciprocal peer tutoring on academic achievement and psychological adjustment: A componential analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81(2), 173-177.
    • (1989) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.81 , Issue.2 , pp. 173-177
    • Fantuzzo, J.1    Riggio, R.2    Connelly, S.3    Dimeff, L.4
  • 38
    • 13344257144 scopus 로고
    • An investigation of the cross-age peer tutoring process: Some implications for instructional design and motivation
    • Fogarty, J., & Wang, M. (1982). An investigation of the cross-age peer tutoring process: Some implications for instructional design and motivation. Elementary School Journal, 82(5), 450-469.
    • (1982) Elementary School Journal , vol.82 , Issue.5 , pp. 450-469
    • Fogarty, J.1    Wang, M.2
  • 39
    • 0040420336 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical issues in peer tutoring
    • H. Foot, M. Morgan, & R. Shute Eds, New York: Wiley
    • Foot, H., Shute, R., Morgan, M., & Barron, A. (1990). Theoretical issues in peer tutoring. In H. Foot, M. Morgan, & R. Shute (Eds.), Children helping children (pp. 65-92). New York: Wiley.
    • (1990) Children helping children , pp. 65-92
    • Foot, H.1    Shute, R.2    Morgan, M.3    Barron, A.4
  • 40
    • 21344485070 scopus 로고
    • The nature of students' interactions during peer tutoring with and without prior training and experience
    • Fuchs, L., Fuchs, D., Bentz, J., Phillips, N., & Hamlett, C. (1994). The nature of students' interactions during peer tutoring with and without prior training and experience. American Educational Research Journal, 31, 75-103.
    • (1994) American Educational Research Journal , vol.31 , pp. 75-103
    • Fuchs, L.1    Fuchs, D.2    Bentz, J.3    Phillips, N.4    Hamlett, C.5
  • 41
    • 0001332049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancing students' helping behavior during peer-mediated instruction with conceptual mathematical explanations
    • Fuchs, L., Fuchs, D., Hamlett, C., Phillips, N., Karns, K., & Dutka, S. (1997). Enhancing students' helping behavior during peer-mediated instruction with conceptual mathematical explanations. Elementary School Journal, 97(3), 223-249.
    • (1997) Elementary School Journal , vol.97 , Issue.3 , pp. 223-249
    • Fuchs, L.1    Fuchs, D.2    Hamlett, C.3    Phillips, N.4    Karns, K.5    Dutka, S.6
  • 43
    • 0033247962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of peer-assisted learning strategies on high school students with serious reading problems
    • Fuchs, L., Fuchs, D., & Kazdan, S. (1999). Effects of peer-assisted learning strategies on high school students with serious reading problems. Remedial and Special Education, 20(5), 309-318.
    • (1999) Remedial and Special Education , vol.20 , Issue.5 , pp. 309-318
    • Fuchs, L.1    Fuchs, D.2    Kazdan, S.3
  • 44
    • 0001580591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of peer-assisted learning strategies in reading with and without training in elaborated help-giving
    • Fuchs, L., Fuchs, D., Kazdan, S., & Allen, S. (1999). Effects of peer-assisted learning strategies in reading with and without training in elaborated help-giving. Elementary School Journal, 99(3), 201-219.
    • (1999) Elementary School Journal , vol.99 , Issue.3 , pp. 201-219
    • Fuchs, L.1    Fuchs, D.2    Kazdan, S.3    Allen, S.4
  • 45
    • 0001116654 scopus 로고
    • The impact of anticipated reward upon cross-age tutoring
    • Gabarino, J. (1975). The impact of anticipated reward upon cross-age tutoring. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32(3), 421-428.
    • (1975) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 421-428
    • Gabarino, J.1
  • 47
    • 0010824738 scopus 로고
    • Metacognition, instruction, and the role of questioning activities
    • D. L. Forrest-Pressley, G. E. MacKinnon, & T. G. Walker Eds, New York: Academic Press
    • Gavelek, J., & Raphael, T. (1985). Metacognition, instruction, and the role of questioning activities. In D. L. Forrest-Pressley, G. E. MacKinnon, & T. G. Walker (Eds.), Metacognition, cognition, and human performance (pp. 103-136). New York: Academic Press.
    • (1985) Metacognition, cognition, and human performance , pp. 103-136
    • Gavelek, J.1    Raphael, T.2
  • 48
    • 0001860864 scopus 로고
    • Strategy-monitoring training enables young learners to select effective strategies
    • Ghatala, E. (1986). Strategy-monitoring training enables young learners to select effective strategies. Educational Psychologist, 27(1&2), 43-54.
    • (1986) Educational Psychologist , vol.27 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 43-54
    • Ghatala, E.1
  • 49
    • 17744387407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reciprocal peer tutoring: An analysis of "teacher" and "student" interactions as a function of training and experience
    • Ginsburg-Block, M., & Fantuzzo, J. (1997). Reciprocal peer tutoring: An analysis of "teacher" and "student" interactions as a function of training and experience. School Psychology Quarterly, 12(2), 134-149.
    • (1997) School Psychology Quarterly , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 134-149
    • Ginsburg-Block, M.1    Fantuzzo, J.2
  • 50
    • 84864891749 scopus 로고
    • The illusion of knowing: Failure in the self-assessment of comprehension
    • Glenburg, A., Wilkinson, A., & Epstein, W. (1982). The illusion of knowing: Failure in the self-assessment of comprehension. Memory and Cognition, 10(6), 597-602.
    • (1982) Memory and Cognition , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. 597-602
    • Glenburg, A.1    Wilkinson, A.2    Epstein, W.3
  • 51
    • 84935217410 scopus 로고
    • Student passivity: A study of question asking in K-12 classrooms
    • Good, T., Slavings, R., Harel, K., & Emerson, H. (1987). Student passivity: A study of question asking in K-12 classrooms. Sociology of Education, 60(3), 181-199.
    • (1987) Sociology of Education , vol.60 , Issue.3 , pp. 181-199
    • Good, T.1    Slavings, R.2    Harel, K.3    Emerson, H.4
  • 53
    • 21144459856 scopus 로고
    • Anomalous information triggers questions when adults solve quantitative problems and comprehend stories
    • Graesser, A., & McMahen, C. (1993). Anomalous information triggers questions when adults solve quantitative problems and comprehend stories. Journal of Educational Psychology, 85(1), 136-151.
    • (1993) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.85 , Issue.1 , pp. 136-151
    • Graesser, A.1    McMahen, C.2
  • 55
    • 84984147463 scopus 로고
    • Collaborative dialogue patterns in naturalistic one-to-one tutoring
    • Graesser, A., Person, N., & Magliano, J. (1995). Collaborative dialogue patterns in naturalistic one-to-one tutoring. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 9, 495-522.
    • (1995) Applied Cognitive Psychology , vol.9 , pp. 495-522
    • Graesser, A.1    Person, N.2    Magliano, J.3
  • 56
    • 0003107955 scopus 로고
    • The use of peer tutoring strategies in classroom management and educational instruction
    • Greenwood, C., Carta, J., & Hall, R. (1988). The use of peer tutoring strategies in classroom management and educational instruction. School Psychology Review, 17(2), 258-275.
    • (1988) School Psychology Review , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 258-275
    • Greenwood, C.1    Carta, J.2    Hall, R.3
  • 58
    • 0001088307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-regulated comprehension during normal reading
    • D. Hacker, J. Dunlosky, & A. Graesser Eds, Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Hacker, D. (1998). Self-regulated comprehension during normal reading. In D. Hacker, J. Dunlosky, & A. Graesser (Eds.), Metacognition in educational theory and practice (pp. 165-191). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1998) Metacognition in educational theory and practice , pp. 165-191
    • Hacker, D.1
  • 59
    • 84970099575 scopus 로고
    • The effects of adjunct question on prose learning
    • Hamaker, C. (1986). The effects of adjunct question on prose learning. Review of Educational Research, 56(2), 212-242.
    • (1986) Review of Educational Research , vol.56 , Issue.2 , pp. 212-242
    • Hamaker, C.1
  • 60
    • 29044450462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning within scripted and non-scripted peertutoring session: The Malaysian context
    • Ismail, H., & Alexander, J. (2005). Learning within scripted and non-scripted peertutoring session: The Malaysian context. Journal of Educational Research, 99(2), 67-77.
    • (2005) Journal of Educational Research , vol.99 , Issue.2 , pp. 67-77
    • Ismail, H.1    Alexander, J.2
  • 62
    • 84986928069 scopus 로고
    • Teaching peer-tutoring behaviors in first-and third-grade classrooms
    • Jason, L., Ferone, L., & Soucy, G. (1979). Teaching peer-tutoring behaviors in first-and third-grade classrooms. Psychology in the Schools, 16(2), 261-269.
    • (1979) Psychology in the Schools , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 261-269
    • Jason, L.1    Ferone, L.2    Soucy, G.3
  • 63
    • 33747351577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning to learn from effective tutors
    • L. Schauble & R. Glaser Eds, Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Juel, C. (1996). Learning to learn from effective tutors. In L. Schauble & R. Glaser (Eds.), Innovations in learning: New environments for education (pp. 49-74). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1996) Innovations in learning: New environments for education , pp. 49-74
    • Juel, C.1
  • 64
    • 0001737767 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of self-questioning, summarizing, and note-taking review as strategies for learning from lectures
    • King, A. (1992). Comparison of self-questioning, summarizing, and note-taking review as strategies for learning from lectures. American Educational Research Journal, 29(2), 303-323.
    • (1992) American Educational Research Journal , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 303-323
    • King, A.1
  • 65
    • 33845292886 scopus 로고
    • Guiding knowledge construction in the classroom: Effects of teaching children how to question and how to explain
    • King, A. (1994). Guiding knowledge construction in the classroom: Effects of teaching children how to question and how to explain. American Educational Research Journal, 31(2), 338-368.
    • (1994) American Educational Research Journal , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 338-368
    • King, A.1
  • 66
    • 0032388745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transactive peer tutoring: Distributing cognition and metacognition
    • King, A. (1998). Transactive peer tutoring: Distributing cognition and metacognition. Educational Psychology Review, 10(1), 57-74.
    • (1998) Educational Psychology Review , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 57-74
    • King, A.1
  • 67
    • 0032393783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutual peer tutoring: Effects of structuring tutorial interaction to scaffold peer learning
    • King, A., Staffieri, A., & Adelgais, A. (1998). Mutual peer tutoring: Effects of structuring tutorial interaction to scaffold peer learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 90(1), 134-152.
    • (1998) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.90 , Issue.1 , pp. 134-152
    • King, A.1    Staffieri, A.2    Adelgais, A.3
  • 68
    • 0001661781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reciprocal teaching of reading comprehension strategies for students with learning disabilities who use English as a second language
    • Klingner, J., & Vaughn, S. (1996). Reciprocal teaching of reading comprehension strategies for students with learning disabilities who use English as a second language. Elementary School Journal, 96(3), 275-293.
    • (1996) Elementary School Journal , vol.96 , Issue.3 , pp. 275-293
    • Klingner, J.1    Vaughn, S.2
  • 69
    • 0038361737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instructional explanations: A commonplace for teaching and location for contrast
    • V. Richardson Ed, 4th ed, pp, Washington, DC: AERA
    • Leinhardt, G. (2001). Instructional explanations: A commonplace for teaching and location for contrast. In V. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of research on teaching (4th ed., pp. 333-357). Washington, DC: AERA.
    • (2001) Handbook of research on teaching , pp. 333-357
    • Leinhardt, G.1
  • 72
    • 0011650488 scopus 로고
    • Teaching behaviors of 9- and 11-year old girls in mixed-age and same-age dyads
    • Ludeke, R., & Hartup, W. (1983). Teaching behaviors of 9- and 11-year old girls in mixed-age and same-age dyads. Journal of Educational Psychology, 75(6), 908-914.
    • (1983) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.75 , Issue.6 , pp. 908-914
    • Ludeke, R.1    Hartup, W.2
  • 73
    • 37049005668 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of verbal interaction in college tutorials
    • MacDonald, R. (1994). An analysis of verbal interaction in college tutorials. Journal of Developmental Education, 15(1), 2-12.
    • (1994) Journal of Developmental Education , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 2-12
    • MacDonald, R.1
  • 74
    • 85047690356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in absolute and relative metacomprehension accuracy
    • Maki, R., Shields, M., Wheeler, A., & Zacchilli, T. (2005). Individual differences in absolute and relative metacomprehension accuracy. Journal of Educational Psychology, 97(4), 723-731.
    • (2005) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.97 , Issue.4 , pp. 723-731
    • Maki, R.1    Shields, M.2    Wheeler, A.3    Zacchilli, T.4
  • 77
    • 21344491771 scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of peer tutoring in reading strategies for students with mild disabilities: A best-evidence synthesis
    • Mathes, P., & Fuchs, L. (1994). The efficacy of peer tutoring in reading strategies for students with mild disabilities: A best-evidence synthesis. School Psychology Review, 23(1), 59-80.
    • (1994) School Psychology Review , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 59-80
    • Mathes, P.1    Fuchs, L.2
  • 79
    • 33746114489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research on peer-assisted learning strategies: The promise and limitation of peer-mediated instruction
    • McMaster, K., Fuchs, D., & Fuchs, L. (2006). Research on peer-assisted learning strategies: The promise and limitation of peer-mediated instruction. Reading and Research Quarterly, 22, 5-25.
    • (2006) Reading and Research Quarterly , vol.22 , pp. 5-25
    • McMaster, K.1    Fuchs, D.2    Fuchs, L.3
  • 80
    • 18144400204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SERT: Self-explanation reading training
    • McNamara, D. (2004). SERT: Self-explanation reading training. Discourse Processes, 38(1), 1-30.
    • (2004) Discourse Processes , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-30
    • McNamara, D.1
  • 81
    • 29844432136 scopus 로고
    • Locus of control and tutors' instructional style
    • Medway, F., & Baron, R. (1977). Locus of control and tutors' instructional style. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 2, 298-310.
    • (1977) Contemporary Educational Psychology , vol.2 , pp. 298-310
    • Medway, F.1    Baron, R.2
  • 83
    • 33845296608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-conceptualizing emotion and motivation to learn in classroom contexts
    • Meyer, D., & Turner, J. (2006). Re-conceptualizing emotion and motivation to learn in classroom contexts. Educational Psychology Review, 18, 377-390.
    • (2006) Educational Psychology Review , vol.18 , pp. 377-390
    • Meyer, D.1    Turner, J.2
  • 84
    • 37049031355 scopus 로고
    • Learning by teaching: A student-to-student compensatory tutoring program in a rural school system and its relevance to the educational cooperative
    • Morgan, R., & Toy, T. (1970). Learning by teaching: A student-to-student compensatory tutoring program in a rural school system and its relevance to the educational cooperative. Psychological Record, 20, 159-169.
    • (1970) Psychological Record , vol.20 , pp. 159-169
    • Morgan, R.1    Toy, T.2
  • 85
    • 84948873478 scopus 로고
    • Effects of training on the instructional behaviors of student tutors
    • Niedermeyer, F. (1970). Effects of training on the instructional behaviors of student tutors. Journal of Educational Research, 64(3), 119-123.
    • (1970) Journal of Educational Research , vol.64 , Issue.3 , pp. 119-123
    • Niedermeyer, F.1
  • 86
    • 84963428932 scopus 로고
    • Reciprocal teaching of comprehension-fostering and comprehension-monitoring activities
    • Palincsar, A., & Brown, A. (1984). Reciprocal teaching of comprehension-fostering and comprehension-monitoring activities. Cognition and Instruction, 1(2), 117-175.
    • (1984) Cognition and Instruction , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 117-175
    • Palincsar, A.1    Brown, A.2
  • 87
    • 0038213419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of adjunct questions and feedback on improving the reading comprehension skills of learning disabled adolescents
    • Peverly, S., & Wood, R. (2001). The effects of adjunct questions and feedback on improving the reading comprehension skills of learning disabled adolescents. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 26, 25-43.
    • (2001) Contemporary Educational Psychology , vol.26 , pp. 25-43
    • Peverly, S.1    Wood, R.2
  • 88
    • 0345149829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A motivational science perspective on the role of student motivation in learning and teaching contexts
    • Pintrich, P. (2003). A motivational science perspective on the role of student motivation in learning and teaching contexts. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(4), 667-686.
    • (2003) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.95 , Issue.4 , pp. 667-686
    • Pintrich, P.1
  • 89
    • 37049015231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rekrut, D. (1992, April). Teaching to learn: Cross-age tutoring to enhance strategy acquisition. Paper presented at the 73rd annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco.
    • Rekrut, D. (1992, April). Teaching to learn: Cross-age tutoring to enhance strategy acquisition. Paper presented at the 73rd annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco.
  • 90
    • 0002236232 scopus 로고
    • Learning for later teaching: An exploration of mediational links between teaching expectancy and learning results
    • Renkl, A. (1995). Learning for later teaching: An exploration of mediational links between teaching expectancy and learning results. Learning and Instruction, 5, 21-36.
    • (1995) Learning and Instruction , vol.5 , pp. 21-36
    • Renkl, A.1
  • 91
    • 0030640252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning from worked out examples: A study on individual differences
    • Renkl, A. (1997). Learning from worked out examples: A study on individual differences. Cognitive Science, 21(1), 1-29.
    • (1997) Cognitive Science , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-29
    • Renkl, A.1
  • 92
    • 0012062879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reciprocal peer tutoring: Re-examining the value of a cooperative learning technique to college students and instructors
    • Rittschof, K., & Griffin, B. (2001). Reciprocal peer tutoring: Re-examining the value of a cooperative learning technique to college students and instructors. Educational Psychology, 21(3), 313-319.
    • (2001) Educational Psychology , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 313-319
    • Rittschof, K.1    Griffin, B.2
  • 93
    • 29844455745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peer and cross-age tutoring in math: Outcomes and their design implications
    • Robinson, D., Schofield, J., & Steers-Wentzell, K. (2005). Peer and cross-age tutoring in math: Outcomes and their design implications. Educational Psychology Review, 17(4), 327-362.
    • (2005) Educational Psychology Review , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 327-362
    • Robinson, D.1    Schofield, J.2    Steers-Wentzell, K.3
  • 94
    • 0038271659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peer-assisted learning interventions with elementary school students: A meta-analytic review
    • Rohrbeck, C., Ginsburg-Block, M., Fantuzzo, J., & Miller, T. (2003). Peer-assisted learning interventions with elementary school students: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(2), 240-257.
    • (2003) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.95 , Issue.2 , pp. 240-257
    • Rohrbeck, C.1    Ginsburg-Block, M.2    Fantuzzo, J.3    Miller, T.4
  • 96
    • 0030520977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teaching students to generate questions: A review of the intervention studies
    • Rosenshine, B., Meister, C., & Chapman, S. (1996). Teaching students to generate questions: A review of the intervention studies. Review of Educational Research, 66(2), 181-221.
    • (1996) Review of Educational Research , vol.66 , Issue.2 , pp. 181-221
    • Rosenshine, B.1    Meister, C.2    Chapman, S.3
  • 97
    • 30644460273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The self-explanation principle in multimedia learning
    • R. Mayer Ed, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Roy, M., & Chi, M. (2005). The self-explanation principle in multimedia learning. In R. Mayer (Ed.), Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning (pp. 271-286). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2005) Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning , pp. 271-286
    • Roy, M.1    Chi, M.2
  • 98
    • 0037400254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Construction and inference in learning from multiple representation
    • Schnotz, W., & Bannert, M. (2003). Construction and inference in learning from multiple representation. Learning and Instruction, 13, 141-156.
    • (2003) Learning and Instruction , vol.13 , pp. 141-156
    • Schnotz, W.1    Bannert, M.2
  • 100
    • 84986959357 scopus 로고
    • Tutoring interventions with special education settings: A comparison of cross-age and peer tutoring
    • Scruggs, T., & Osguthorpe, R. (1986). Tutoring interventions with special education settings: A comparison of cross-age and peer tutoring. Psychology in the Schools, 23, 187-193.
    • (1986) Psychology in the Schools , vol.23 , pp. 187-193
    • Scruggs, T.1    Osguthorpe, R.2
  • 101
    • 84937383694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classifying student initiatives and tutor responses in human keyboard-to-keyboard tutoring sessions
    • Shah, F., Evens, M., Michael, J., & Rovick, A. (2002). Classifying student initiatives and tutor responses in human keyboard-to-keyboard tutoring sessions. Discourse Processes, 33(1), 23-52.
    • (2002) Discourse Processes , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-52
    • Shah, F.1    Evens, M.2    Michael, J.3    Rovick, A.4
  • 102
    • 0038508151 scopus 로고
    • An examination of the effectiveness of a cross-age tutoring program in mathematics for elementary school children
    • Sharpley, A., Irvine, J., & Sharpley, C. (1983). An examination of the effectiveness of a cross-age tutoring program in mathematics for elementary school children. American Educational Research Journal, 20(1), 103-111.
    • (1983) American Educational Research Journal , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 103-111
    • Sharpley, A.1    Irvine, J.2    Sharpley, C.3
  • 103
    • 0001081476 scopus 로고
    • Promoting psychological development, math achievement, and success attributions of female students through deliberate psychological education
    • Sprinthall, N., & Scott, J. (1989). Promoting psychological development, math achievement, and success attributions of female students through deliberate psychological education. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 36(4), 440-446.
    • (1989) Journal of Counseling Psychology , vol.36 , Issue.4 , pp. 440-446
    • Sprinthall, N.1    Scott, J.2
  • 104
    • 21444435796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of peer tutoring in further and higher education: A typology and review of the literature
    • Topping, K. (1996). The effectiveness of peer tutoring in further and higher education: A typology and review of the literature. Higher Education, 32, 321-345.
    • (1996) Higher Education , vol.32 , pp. 321-345
    • Topping, K.1
  • 105
    • 28244495570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in peer learning
    • Topping, K. (2005). Trends in peer learning. Educational Psychology, 25(6), 631-645.
    • (2005) Educational Psychology , vol.25 , Issue.6 , pp. 631-645
    • Topping, K.1
  • 106
    • 5644238791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-age peer tutoring of reading and thinking: Influence on thinking skills
    • Topping, K., & Bryce, A. (2004). Cross-age peer tutoring of reading and thinking: Influence on thinking skills. Educational Psychology, 24(5), 595-621.
    • (2004) Educational Psychology , vol.24 , Issue.5 , pp. 595-621
    • Topping, K.1    Bryce, A.2
  • 107
    • 0242721138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-age peer tutoring in mathematics with seven and 11-year olds: Influence on mathematical vocabulary, strategic dialogue and self-concept
    • Topping, K., Campbell, J., Douglas, W., & Smith, A. (2003). Cross-age peer tutoring in mathematics with seven and 11-year olds: Influence on mathematical vocabulary, strategic dialogue and self-concept. Educational Research, 45(3), 287-308.
    • (2003) Educational Research , vol.45 , Issue.3 , pp. 287-308
    • Topping, K.1    Campbell, J.2    Douglas, W.3    Smith, A.4
  • 109
    • 0842346723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-age peer tutoring of science in the primary school: Influence on scientific language and thinking
    • Topping, K., Peter, C., Stephen, P., & Whale, M. (2004). Cross-age peer tutoring of science in the primary school: Influence on scientific language and thinking. Educational Psychology, 24(1), 57-75.
    • (2004) Educational Psychology , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 57-75
    • Topping, K.1    Peter, C.2    Stephen, P.3    Whale, M.4
  • 110
  • 111
    • 38149143175 scopus 로고
    • Student questioning: A componential analysis
    • van der Meij, H. (1994). Student questioning: A componential analysis. Learning and Individual Differences, 6(2), 137-161.
    • (1994) Learning and Individual Differences , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 137-161
    • van der Meij, H.1
  • 112
    • 0013309653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The great divide between teacher and student questioning
    • S. Karabenick Ed, Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • van der Meij, H. (1998). The great divide between teacher and student questioning. In S. Karabenick (Ed.), Strategic help-seeking: Implications for learning and teaching (pp. 195-217). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1998) Strategic help-seeking: Implications for learning and teaching , pp. 195-217
    • van der Meij, H.1
  • 115
    • 0013231875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tutoring interactions between young children: How symmetry can modify asymmetrical interactions
    • Verba, M. (1998). Tutoring interactions between young children: How symmetry can modify asymmetrical interactions. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 22(1), 195-216.
    • (1998) International Journal of Behavioral Development , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 195-216
    • Verba, M.1
  • 117
    • 0002037798 scopus 로고
    • Peer instruction, problem-solving, and cognition: Multidisciplinary perspectives
    • Webb, N. M. (1989). Peer instruction, problem-solving, and cognition: Multidisciplinary perspectives. International Journal of Educational Research, 13, 21-39.
    • (1989) International Journal of Educational Research , vol.13 , pp. 21-39
    • Webb, N.M.1
  • 118
    • 32644441023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small-group reflections: Parallels between teacher discourse and student-behavior in peer-directed groups
    • Webb, N., Nemer, K., & Ing, M. (2006). Small-group reflections: Parallels between teacher discourse and student-behavior in peer-directed groups. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 15(1), 63-119.
    • (2006) Journal of the Learning Sciences , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 63-119
    • Webb, N.1    Nemer, K.2    Ing, M.3
  • 119
    • 0348007407 scopus 로고
    • Constructive activity and learning in collaborative small groups
    • Webb, N., Troper, J., & Fall, R. (1995). Constructive activity and learning in collaborative small groups. Journal of Educational Psychology, 87(3), 406-423.
    • (1995) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.87 , Issue.3 , pp. 406-423
    • Webb, N.1    Troper, J.2    Fall, R.3
  • 120
    • 84970520905 scopus 로고
    • Self-questioning instructional research: A review
    • Wong, B. (1985). Self-questioning instructional research: A review. Review of Educational Research, 55, 227-268.
    • (1985) Review of Educational Research , vol.55 , pp. 227-268
    • Wong, B.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.