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Volumn 129, Issue 44, 2007, Pages 13758-13769

Stereospecificity of ketoreductase domains of the 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

6-DEOXYERYTHRONOLIDE B SYNTHASE (DEBS); ACYL TRANSFERASE (AT); KETOREDUCTASE (KR) DOMAINS; POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE (PKS);

EID: 36048958284     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja0753290     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (75)

References (64)
  • 3
    • 1642304143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Walsh, C. T. Science 2004, 303, 1805-1810.
    • (2004) Science , vol.303 , pp. 1805-1810
    • Walsh, C.T.1
  • 4
    • 36049050947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For a comprehensive review of PKS and NRPS biochemistry and molecular biology as of 1997, see the thematic issue of Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 2463-2706.
    • (b) For a comprehensive review of PKS and NRPS biochemistry and molecular biology as of 1997, see the thematic issue of Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 2463-2706.
  • 28
    • 34547945950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Based on the determination of the crystal structure of the tylosin KR1 domain and comparison with that of the DEBS KR1 domain, Keatinge-Clay has proposed a binding model to account for the ketone facial stereospecificity of ketoreductases, as well as their preference for unepimerized or epimerized 2-methyl-3-ketoacyl-ACP substrates. Cf. Keatinge-Clay, A
    • (c) Based on the determination of the crystal structure of the tylosin KR1 domain and comparison with that of the DEBS KR1 domain, Keatinge-Clay has proposed a binding model to account for the ketone facial stereospecificity of ketoreductases, as well as their preference for unepimerized or epimerized 2-methyl-3-ketoacyl-ACP substrates. Cf. Keatinge-Clay, A. Nat. Chem. Biol. 2007, 14, 898-908.
    • (2007) Nat. Chem. Biol , vol.14 , pp. 898-908
  • 33
    • 36048964827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note on stereochemical conventions: Although strictly speaking it is incorrect to mix Fischer D/L designations with the more rigorous Cahn, Ingold, Prelog R/S nomenclature, it is often convenient to retain the D- and L-labels when discussing a homologous series of polyketides, for which the specific R or S designation for the same absolute configuration at a given site might vary in response to the substitution pattern on neighboring carbons. We have there mixed the two stereochemical conventions in the interests of greater clarity
    • Note on stereochemical conventions: Although strictly speaking it is incorrect to mix Fischer D/L designations with the more rigorous Cahn, Ingold, Prelog R/S nomenclature, it is often convenient to retain the D- and L-labels when discussing a homologous series of polyketides, for which the specific R or S designation for the same absolute configuration at a given site might vary in response to the substitution pattern on neighboring carbons. We have there mixed the two stereochemical conventions in the interests of greater clarity.
  • 47
    • 85159501128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Although GC-MS has previously been used to characterize tetrasubstituted polyketide δ-lactones, the diastereomers cannot be differentiated on the basis of their MS fragmentation patterns. Cf. Weissman, K. J, Kearney, G. C, Leadlay, P. F, Staunton, J. Rapid Commun. Mass. Spectrom. 1999, 13, 2103-2108
    • Although GC-MS has previously been used to characterize tetrasubstituted polyketide δ-lactones, the diastereomers cannot be differentiated on the basis of their MS fragmentation patterns. Cf. Weissman, K. J.; Kearney, G. C.; Leadlay, P. F.; Staunton, J. Rapid Commun. Mass. Spectrom. 1999, 13, 2103-2108.
  • 50
    • 0035031852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L loading didomain and KS1, has been reported to generate a mixture of the expected triketide lactone and a diastereomer of unknown absolute configuration whose mechanism of formation has not yet been satisfactorily explained. Cf. Holzbaur, I. E.; Ranganathan, A.; Thomas, I. P.; Kearney, D. J.; Reather, J. A.; Rudd, B. A.; Staunton, J.; Leadlay, P. F. Chem. Biol. 2001, 8, 329-340.
    • L loading didomain and KS1, has been reported to generate a mixture of the expected triketide lactone and a diastereomer of unknown absolute configuration whose mechanism of formation has not yet been satisfactorily explained. Cf. Holzbaur, I. E.; Ranganathan, A.; Thomas, I. P.; Kearney, D. J.; Reather, J. A.; Rudd, B. A.; Staunton, J.; Leadlay, P. F. Chem. Biol. 2001, 8, 329-340.
  • 53
    • 33846284558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Starcevic, A.; Jaspars, M.; Cullum, J.; Hranueli, D.; Long, P. F. ChemBioChem 2007, 8, 28-31. The specific mechanism suggested for enoyl-ACP reduction is unlikely, since it posits nucleophilic attack of NADPH on a carbon bearing a negatively-charged enolate oxygen. It is also implausible that different KR domains would reduce 2-methyl-3-ketoacyl-ACP substrates by two distinct mechanisms, depending on the reaction stereospecificity.
    • Starcevic, A.; Jaspars, M.; Cullum, J.; Hranueli, D.; Long, P. F. ChemBioChem 2007, 8, 28-31. The specific mechanism suggested for enoyl-ACP reduction is unlikely, since it posits nucleophilic attack of NADPH on a carbon bearing a negatively-charged enolate oxygen. It is also implausible that different KR domains would reduce 2-methyl-3-ketoacyl-ACP substrates by two distinct mechanisms, depending on the reaction stereospecificity.
  • 58
    • 0016138143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aromatic polyketide synthases generate long-chain, poly-β-ketoacyl- ACP intermediates that do not undergo premature aldol cylizations, in contrast to the highly reactive protein-free substrates which rapidly cyclize at the triketide or tetraketide stage unless prevented by masking of the ketone groups. Cf. Harris, T. M.; Harris, C. M.; Hindley, K. B. Fortschr. Chem. Org. Naturst. 1974, 31, 217-282.
    • Aromatic polyketide synthases generate long-chain, poly-β-ketoacyl- ACP intermediates that do not undergo premature aldol cylizations, in contrast to the highly reactive protein-free substrates which rapidly cyclize at the triketide or tetraketide stage unless prevented by masking of the ketone groups. Cf. Harris, T. M.; Harris, C. M.; Hindley, K. B. Fortschr. Chem. Org. Naturst. 1974, 31, 217-282.
  • 59
    • 36048989012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Evans β-ketoimides 5 and 9 are widely used for alkylation due to their high enantiomeric purity and configurational stability which due to conformational constraints that suppress epimerization of the C-2 methyl group; cf. ref 21.
    • The Evans β-ketoimides 5 and 9 are widely used for alkylation due to their high enantiomeric purity and configurational stability which due to conformational constraints that suppress epimerization of the C-2 methyl group; cf. ref 21.


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