Engineering human cooperation : DDDDDoes involuntary neural activation increase public goods contributions?

Human Nature

Volumn 18, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 88-108

  Burnham, Terence C ^a   Hare, Brian ^b  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR EVOLUTIONARY ANTHROPOLOGY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Altruism; Proximate causation; Public goods; Reciprocity; Tinbergen

Indexed keywords

EID: 35649015292     PISSN: 10456767     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12110-007-9012-2     Document Type: Article

References (122)

1. Andreoni, J., & Petrie, R. (2004). Public goods experiment without confidentiality: A glimpse into fund-raising. Journal of Public Economics, 88, 1605-1623.
2. Barkow, J. H., Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (1992). The Adapted Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and the Generation of Culture. New York: Oxford University Press.
3. Baron-Cohen, S. (1995). Mindblindness: An Essay on autism and theory of mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
4. Baron-Cohen, S., Campbell, R., Karmiloff-Smith, A., Grant, J., & Walker, J. (1995). Are children with autism blind to the mentalistic significance of the eyes? British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 13, 379-398.
5. M. Bateson D. Nettle G. Roberts 2006 Cues of being watched enhance cooperation in a real world setting Biology Letters 2 412 414 Available online at www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk Bateson, M., Nettle, D., & Roberts, G. (2006). Cues of being watched enhance cooperation in a real world setting. Biology Letters, 2, 412-414. Retrieved from www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk.
6. Berg, J., Dickhaut, J., & McCabe, K. (1995). Trust, reciprocity, and social history. Games and Economic Behavior, 10, 122-142.
7. Bolton, G. (1991). A comparative model of bargaining: theory and evidence. American Economic Review, 81, 1096-1136.
8. Bolton, G., & Ockenfels, A. (2000). ERC: A theory of equity, reciprocity and competition. American Economic Review, 90, 166-193.
9. Bolton, G., & Zwick, R. (1995). Anonymity versus punishment in ultimatum bargaining. Games and Economic Behavior, 10, 95-121.
10. Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss. vol. I: Attachment. New York: Basic Books.
11. Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss, vol. II: Separation, anxiety, and anger. New York: Basic Books.
12. Bowles, S., & Gintis, H. (2002). Homo reciprocans. Nature, 415, 125-126.
13. Boyd, R., Gintis, H., Bowles, S., & Richerson, P. J. (2003). The evolution of altruistic punishment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100, 3531-3535.
14. Breazeal, C. (2003). Emotion and sociable humanoid robots. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 59, 119-155.
15. Breazeal, C., & Scassellati, B. (2002). Robots that imitate humans. Trends in Cognitive Science, 6, 481-487.
16. Brothers, L. (1990). The neural basis of primate social communication. Motivation & Emotion, 14, 81-91.
17. Brothers, L. (1996). Brain mechanisms of social cognition. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 10, 2-8.
18. Brothers, L., Ring, B., & Kling, A. (1990). Response of neurons in the macaque amygdala to complex social stimuli. Behavioural Brain Research, 41, 199-213.
19. Burnham, T. C. (1997). Essays on genetic evolution and economics. Parkland, FL. Retrieved from www.dissertation.com.
20. Burnham, T. C. (2001). Altruism and spite in a selfish gene model of endogenous preferences. Journal of BioEconomics, 3, 123-148.
21. Burnham, T. C. (2003). Engineering altruism: A theoretical and experimental investigation of anonymity and gift giving. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 50, 133-144.
22. Burnham, T. C. (2007). High-testosterone men reject low ultimatum game offers. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Biological Sciences (in press).
23. Burnham, T. C., & Johnson, D. (2005). The biological and evolutionary logic of human cooperation. Analyse & Kritik, 27(2), 113-135.
24. Burnham, T. C., McCabe, K., & Smith, V. L. (2000). Friend-or-Foe priming in an extensive form trust game. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 43, 57-73.
25. Byrne, R. W., & Whiten, A. (1988). Machiavellian intelligence: Social expertise and the evolution of intellect in monkeys, apes, and humans. Oxford: Clarendon.
26. Call, J., Brauer, J., Kaminski, J., Tomasello, M. (2003). Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) are sensitive to the attentional state of humans. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 117, 257-263.
27. Camerer, C. (2003). Strategizing in the brain. Science, 300, 1673-1675.
28. Cameron, L. (1999). Raising the Stakes in the ultimatum game: Experimental evidence from Indonesia. Economic Inquiry, 37, 47-59.
29. Campbell, R., Heywood, C. A., Cowey, A., Regard, M., & Landis, T. (1990). Sensitivity to eye gaze in prosopagnosic patients and monkeys with superior temporal sulcus ablation. Neuropsychologia, 28, 1123-1142.
30. Chagnon, N. (1992). Yanomamo, 4th ed. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
31. Corballis, M. C., & Lea, S. E. G. (1999). The descent of mind: Psychological perspectives on hominid evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
32. Corkum, V., & Moore, C. (1995). Development of joint visual attention in infants. In C. Moore, & P. Dunham (Eds.) Joint attention: Its origins and role in development (pp. 61-83). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
33. Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (1992). Cognitive adaptations for social exchange. In J. H. Barkow, L. Cosmides, & J. Tooby (Eds.), The adapted mind: Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture (pp. 163-228). New York: Oxford University Press.
34. Coss, R. G. (1978). Delayed plasticity of an instinct: Recognition and avoidance of 2 facing eyes by the jewel fish. Developmental Psychobiology, 12, 335-345.
35. Damasio, A. D., Damasio, H., & Van Hoesen, G. W. (1982). Prosopagnosia: Anatomic basis and behavioral mechanisms. Neurology, 32, 331-342.
36. Dawes, R., & Thaler, R. (1988). Cooperation. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2, 187-197.
37. Dawkins, R. (1976). The selfish gene. New York: Oxford University Press.
38. Driver, J., Davis, G., Ricciardelli, P., Kidd, P., Maxwell, E., & Baron-Cohen, S. (1999). Gaze perception triggers reflexive visuospatial orienting. Visual Cognition, 6, 509-540.
39. Eckel, C., & Grossman, P. (1996). Altruism in anonymous dictator games. Games and Economic Behavior, 16, 181-191.
40. Emery, N. J. (2000). The eyes have it: The neuroethology, function and evolution of social gaze. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 24, 581-604.
41. Fehr, E., & Fischbacher, U. (2003). The nature of altruism. Nature, 425, 785-791.
42. Fehr, E., & Gächter, S. (2002). Altruistic punishment in humans. Nature, 415, 137-140.
43. Fehr, E., & Henrich, J. (2003). Is strong reciprocity a maladaptation? On the evolutionary foundations of human altruism. In: P. Hammerstein (Ed.), The genetical and cultural evolution of cooperation (pp. 55-82). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
44. Fehr, E., & Rockenbach, B. (2003). Detrimental effects of sanctions on human altruism. Nature, 422, 137-140.
45. Fehr, E., & Schmidt, K. (1999). A theory of fairness, competition, and cooperation. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114, 817-868.
46. Fehr, E., Fischbacher, U., & Gächter, S. (2002). Strong reciprocity, human cooperation and the enforcement of social norms. Human Nature, 13, 1-25.
47. Forsythe, R., Horowitz, J. L., Savin, N. E., & Sefton, M. (1994). Fairness in simple bargaining experiments. Games and Economic Behavior, 6, 347-369.
48. Frank, R. H. (1987). If Homo economicus could choose his own utility function, would he want one with a conscience? American Economic Review, 77, 593-604.
49. Frank, R. H. (1988). Passions within reason: The strategic role of emotions. New York: Norton.
50. Gächter, S., & Fehr, E. (1999). Collective action as a social exchange. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 39, 341-369.
51. Gallup, G., Wallnau, L., & Suarez, S. (1980). Failure to find self-recognition in mother-infant and infant-infant rhesus monkey pairs. Folia Primatologica, 33, 210-219.
52. Gintis, H. (2000). Strong reciprocity and human sociality. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 206, 169-179.
53. Gintis, H., Bowles, S., Boyd, R., & Fehr, E. (2003). Explaining altruistic behavior in humans. Evolution and Human Behavior, 24, 153-172.
54. Guth, W., & Tietz, R. (1990). Ultimatum bargaining behavior: A survey and comparison of experimental results. Journal of Economic Psychology, 11, 417-449.
55. Guth, W., Schmittberger, R., & Schwarze, B. (1982). An experimental analysis of ultimatum bargaining. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 3, 367-388.
56. Haley, K., & Fessler, D. (2005). Nobody's watching? Subtle cues affect generosity in an anonymous economic game. Evolution and Human Behavior, 26, 245-256.
57. Hampton, R. R. (1994). Sensitivity to information specifying the line of gaze of humans in sparrows (Passer domesticus). Behaviour, 130, 41-51.
58. Hare, B., Brown, M., Williamson, C., & Tomasello, M. (2002). The domestication of social cognition in dogs. Science, 298, 1634-1636.
59. Hare, B., Call, J., Tomasello, M. (2001). Do chimpanzees know what conspecifics know? Animal Behaviour, 61, 139-151.
60. Hare, B., Call, J., & Tomasello, M. (2006). Chimpanzees deceive a human by hiding. Cognition, 101, 495-514.
61. Haxby, J. V., Hoffman, E. A., & Gobbini, I. (2000). The distributed human neural system for face perception. Trends in Cognitive Science, 4, 223-233.
62. Henrich, J. (2000). Does culture matter in economic behavior? Ultimatum game bargaining among the machiguenga of the Peruvian Amazon. American Economic Review, 90, 973-979.
63. Henrich, J., Boyd, R., Bowles, S., Camerer, C., Fehr, E., Gintis, H., et al. (2001). In search of Homo economicus: Behavioral experiments in 15 small-scale societies. American Economic Review, 91, 73-78.
64. Heywood, C. A., & Cowey, A. (1992). The role of the "face-cell" area in the discrimination and recognition of faces by monkeys. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 335, 31-38.
65. Hill, K., & Hurtado, M. (1996) Ache life history: The ecology and demography of a foraging people. New York: Aline de Gruyter.
66. Hoffman, E. A., & Haxby, J. V. (2000). Distinct representations of eye gaze and identity in the distributed human neural system for face perception. Nature Neuroscience, 3, 80-84.
67. Hoffman, E., McCabe, K., Shachat, K., & Smith, V. (1994). Preferences, property rights, and anonymity in bargaining games. Games and Economic Behavior, 7, 346-380.
68. Hoffman, E., McCabe, K., & Smith, V. (1996a). Social distance and other-regarding behavior in dictator games. American Economic Review, 86, 653-660.
69. Hoffman, E., McCabe, K., & Smith, V. L. (1996b). On expectations and the monetary stakes in ultimatum games. International Journal of Game Theory, 25, 289-301.
70. Jerison, H. (1973). Evolution of the brain and intelligence. New York: Academic Press.
71. Kahneman, D. (2003). A psychological perspective on economics. American Economic Review, 93, 162-168.
72. Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1984). Choices, values, and frames. American Psychologist, 39, 341-350.
73. Kahneman, D., Knetsch, J., & Thaler, R. (1986). Fairness and the assumptions of economics. Journal of Business, 59, S285-S300.
74. Kawashima, R., Sugiura, M., Kato, T., Nakamura, A., Hatano, K., Ito, K., et al. (1999). The human amygdala plays an important role in gaze monitoring. A PET study. Brain, 122, 779-783.
75. Klein, R. (1999). The human career: Human biological and cultural origins. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
76. Krebs, J. R., & Dawkins, R. (1984). Animal signals: Mind reading and manipulation. In J. R. Krebs, & N. B. Davies (Eds.), Behavioural ecology: An evolutionary approach, 2nd ed. (pp. 380-402). Oxford: Blackwell.
77. Kurzban, R. (2001). The social psychophysics of cooperation: Nonverbal communication in a public goods game. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 25, 241-259.
78. Landis, T., Cummings, J. L., Christen, L., Bogen, J. E., & Imhof, H. G. (1986). Are unilateral right posterior cerebral lesions sufficient to cause prosopagnosia? Clinical and radiological findings in six additional patients. Cortex, 22, 243-252.
79. Laury, S. J., Walker, J. M., & Williams, A. W. (1995). Anonymity and voluntary provision of public goods. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 27, 365-380.
80. Ledyard, J. O. (1995). Public goods. In J. H. Kagel, & A. E. Roth, (Eds.), Handbook of experimental economics (pp. 111-194). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
81. Lee, R. (1993). The Dobe Júhoansi. New York: Harcourt Brace.
82. Levine, D. (1998). Modeling altruism and spitefulness in experiments. Review of Economic Dynamics, 1, 593-622.
83. Mayr, E. (1961). Cause and effect in biology. Science, 134, 1501-1506.
84. McCabe, K. (2003). A cognitive theory of reciprocal exchange. In E. Ostrom, J. Walker (Eds.), Trust and reciprocity: Interdisciplinary lessons from experimental research (pp. 147-169). New York: Sage.
85. McCabe, K., Houser, D., Ryan, L., Smith, V., & Trouard, T. (2001). A functional imaging study of cooperation in two-person reciprocal exchange. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 98, 11832-11835.
86. McCabe, K. A., Rassenti, S. J., & Smith, V. L. (1996). Game theory and reciprocity in some extensive form experimental games. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 93, 113421-113428.
87. McCabe, K., & Smith, V. L. (2001). Goodwill accounting in economic exchange. In G. Gigerenzer, & R. Selten (Eds.), Bounded rationality: The adaptive toolbox (pp. 319-340). Cambridge: MIT Press.
88. McCabe, K. A., Smith, V. L., & LePore, M. (1997). Intentionality detection and "Mindreading": Why does game form matter? Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 97, 4404-4409.
89. Mistlin, A. J., & Perrett, D. I. (1990). Visual and somatosensory processing in the macaque temporal cortex: The role of "Expectation." Experimental Brain Research, 82, 437-450.
90. Nowak, M. A., Page, K. M., & Sigmund, K. (2000). Fairness versus reason in the ultimatum bargaining game. Science, 289, 1773-1775.
91. Perrett, D. I., Rolls, E. T., & Caan, W. (1982). Visual neurones responsive to faces in the monkey temporal cortex. Experimental Brain Research, 47, 329-342.
92. Perrett, D. I., Smith, P. A. J., Potter, D. D., Mistlin, A. J., Head, A. S., Milner, A. D., et al. (1985). Visual cells in the temporal cortex sensitive to face view and gaze direction. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 223, 293-317.
93. Pickens, R., & Harris, W. C. (1968). Self-administration of d-amphetamine by rats. Psychopharmacologia, 12, 158-163.
94. Povinelli, D. (2000). Folk physics for apes. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
95. Puce, A., Allison, T., Bentin, S., Gore, J. C., & McCarthy, G. (1998). Temporal cortex activation in humans viewing eye and mouth movements. Journal of Neuroscience, 18, 2188-2199.
96. Rabin, M. (1993). Incorporating fairness into game theory and econometrics. American Economic Review, 83, 1281-1303.
97. Rege, M., & Telle, K. (2004). The impact of social approval and framing on cooperation in public good situations. Journal of Public Economics, 88, 1625-1644.
98. Renfrew, C., & Bahn, C. (1991). Archeology: Theories, methods, and practice. London: Thames and Hudson.
99. Rilling, J. K., Gutman, D., Zeh, T., Pagnoni, G., Berns, G., & Kilts, C. (2002). A neural basis for social cooperation. Neuron, 35, 395-405.
100. Roth, A. E., Prasnikar, V., Okuno-Fujiwara, M., & Zamir, S. (1991). Bargaining and market behavior in Jerusalem, Ljubljana, Pittsburgh, and Tokyo: An experimental study. American Economic Review, 81, 1068-1095.
101. Sanfey, A. G., Rilling, J. K., Aronson, J. A., Nystrom, L. E., & Cohen, J. D. (2003). The neural basis of economic decision-making in the ultimatum game. Science, 300, 1755-1758.
102. Schelling, T. (1978). Altruism, meanness and other potentially strategic behaviors. American Economic Review, 68, 229-230.
103. Silk, J. (2003). Social bonds of female baboons enhance infant survival. Science, 302, 1231-1234.
104. Smith, K., Dickhaut, J., McCabe, K., & Pardo, J. V. (2002). Neuronal substrates for choice under ambiguity, risk, gains and losses. Management Science, 48, 711-718.
105. Smith, K., Dickhaut, J., McCabe, K., & Pardo, J. V. (2003). The impact of the certainty context on the process of choice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 100, 3536-3541.
106. Stahl, I. (1972). Bargaining theory. Stockholm: Economic Research Institute.
107. Stroop, J. R. (1935) Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662.
108. Thaler, R. H. (1992). The Winner's curse: Paradoxes and anomalies of economic life. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
109. Tinbergen, N. (1963). On aims and methods in ethology. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 20, 410-433.
110. Tinbergen, N. (1968) On war and peace in animals and man. An ethologist's approach to the biology of aggression. Science, 160, 1411-1418.
111. Tomasello, M. (2000). The cultural origins of human cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
112. Tomasello, M., Call, J., & Hare, B. (1998). Five primate species follow the visual gaze of conspecifics. Animal Behaviour, 55, 1063-1069.
113. Tooby, J., & Cosmides, L. (1989). Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture, I: Theoretical considerations. Ethology & Sociobiology, 10, 29-49.
114. Tooby, J., & Cosmides, L. (1990). The past explains the present: Emotional adaptations and the structure of ancestral environments. Ethology & Sociobiology, 11, 375-424.
115. Weeks, J. R. (1962). Experimental morphine addiction: Method for automatic intravenous injections in unrestrained rats. Science, 138, 143-144.
116. Wilson, E. O. (1975). Sociobiology: The new synthesis. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
117. Wilson, E. O. (1978). On human nature. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
118. Wilson, E. O. (1998). Consilience. New York: Knopf.
119. Winston, J. S., Strange, B. A., O'Doherty, J., & Dolan, R. J. (2002). Automatic and intentional brain responses during evaluation of trustworthiness of faces. Nature Neuroscience, 5, 277-283.
120. Yamagishi, T. (1986). The provision of a sanctioning system as a public good. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 110-116.
121. Yamane, S., Kaji, S., & Kawano, K. (1988). What facial features activate face neurons in the inferotemporal cortex of the monkey? Experimental Brain Research, 73, 209-214.
122. Young, A. W., Aggleton, J. P., Hellawell, D. J., Johnson, M., Broks, P., & Hanley, J. R. (1995). Face processing impairments after amygdalotomy. Brain, 118, 15-24.