메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 114, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 817-868

A theory of fairness, competition, and cooperation

(2)  Fehr, Ernst a   Schmidt, Klaus M a  

a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 0000773694     PISSN: 00335533     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/003355399556151     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (7382)

References (80)
  • 2
    • 21844483437 scopus 로고
    • Theories of pay and unemployment: Survey evidence from Swedish manufacturing firms
    • Agell, Jonas, and Per Lundberg, "Theories of Pay and Unemployment: Survey Evidence from Swedish Manufacturing Firms," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, XCVII (1995), 295-308.
    • (1995) Scandinavian Journal of Economics , vol.97 , pp. 295-308
    • Agell, J.1    Lundberg, P.2
  • 4
    • 42449155329 scopus 로고
    • Why free ride? - Strategies and learning in public goods experiments
    • Andreoni, James, "Why Free Ride? - Strategies and Learning in Public Goods Experiments," Journal of Public Economics, XXXXVII (1988), 291-304.
    • (1988) Journal of Public Economics , vol.47 , pp. 291-304
    • Andreoni, J.1
  • 5
    • 0001159314 scopus 로고
    • Cooperation in public-goods experiments: Kindness or confusion
    • _, "Cooperation in Public-Goods Experiments: Kindness or Confusion," American Economic Review, LXXXV (1995a), 891-904.
    • (1995) American Economic Review , vol.85 , pp. 891-904
  • 6
    • 84920997684 scopus 로고
    • Warm glow versus cold prickle: The effects of positive and negative framing on cooperation in experiments
    • _, "Warm Glow versus Cold Prickle: The Effects of Positive and Negative Framing on Cooperation in Experiments," Quarterly Journal of Economics, CX (1995b), 1-21.
    • (1995) Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol.110 , pp. 1-21
  • 8
    • 0041111710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choosing the wrong pond: Social comparisons in negotiations that reflect a self-serving bias
    • Babcock, Linda, Xianghong Wang, and George Loewenstein, "Choosing the Wrong Pond: Social Comparisons in Negotiations That Reflect a Self-Serving Bias," Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXI (1996), 1-21.
    • (1996) Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol.111 , pp. 1-21
    • Babcock, L.1    Wang, X.2    Loewenstein, G.3
  • 11
    • 0000213647 scopus 로고
    • A depressed labor market as explained by participants
    • Bewley, Truman, "A Depressed Labor Market as Explained by Participants," American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings, LXXXV (1995), 250-254.
    • (1995) American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings , vol.85 , pp. 250-254
    • Bewley, T.1
  • 12
    • 0345086567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why not cut pay?
    • _, "Why not Cut Pay?" European Economic Review, XLII (1998), 459-490.
    • (1998) European Economic Review , vol.42 , pp. 459-490
  • 13
    • 84963094429 scopus 로고
    • A shred of evidence on theories of wage stickness
    • Blinder, Alan S., and Don H. Choi, "A Shred of Evidence on Theories of Wage Stickness," Quarterly Journal of Economics, CV (1990), 1003-1016.
    • (1990) Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol.105 , pp. 1003-1016
    • Blinder, A.S.1    Choi, D.H.2
  • 14
    • 0000249677 scopus 로고
    • When social outcomes aren't fair: The effect of causal attributions on preferences
    • Blount, Sally, "When Social Outcomes Aren't Fair: The Effect of Causal Attributions on Preferences," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Procesess, LXIII (1995), 131-144.
    • (1995) Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Procesess , vol.63 , pp. 131-144
    • Blount, S.1
  • 22
    • 0031404408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The reasons for wage rigidity: Evidence from a survey of firms
    • Campbell, Carl M., and Kunal Kamlani, "The Reasons for Wage Rigidity: Evidence from a Survey of Firms," Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXII (1997), 759-789.
    • (1997) Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol.112 , pp. 759-789
    • Campbell, C.M.1    Kamlani, K.2
  • 23
    • 85034129033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attribution and reciprocity in a labor market: An experimental investigation
    • forthcoming
    • Charness, Gary, "Attribution and Reciprocity in a Labor Market: An Experimental Investigation," Games and Economic Behavior, forthcoming.
    • Games and Economic Behavior
    • Charness, G.1
  • 24
    • 0030240159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Satisfaction and comparison income
    • Clark, Andrew E., and Andrew J. Oswald, "Satisfaction and Comparison Income," Journal of Public Economics, LXI (1996), 359-381.
    • (1996) Journal of Public Economics , vol.61 , pp. 359-381
    • Clark, A.E.1    Oswald, A.J.2
  • 26
    • 0030251039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partners and strangers revisited
    • _, "Partners and Strangers Revisited," Economics Letters, LIII (1996), 25-32.
    • (1996) Economics Letters , vol.53 , pp. 25-32
  • 27
    • 0004262285 scopus 로고
    • Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
    • Davis, Douglas, and Charles Holt, Experimental Economics (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press 1993).
    • (1993) Experimental Economics
    • Davis, D.1    Holt, C.2
  • 28
    • 85050174619 scopus 로고
    • A formal interpretation of the theory of relative deprivation
    • Davis, J. A., "A Formal Interpretation of the Theory of Relative Deprivation," Sociometry, XXII (1959), 280-296.
    • (1959) Sociometry , vol.22 , pp. 280-296
    • Davis, J.A.1
  • 32
    • 85034132272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple mechanism for the efficient provision of public goods - Experimental evidence
    • forthcoming
    • Falkinger, Josef, Ernst Fehr, Simon Gächter, and Rudolf Winter-Ebmer, "A Simple Mechanism for the Efficient Provision of Public Goods - Experimental Evidence," American Economic Review, forthcoming.
    • American Economic Review
    • Falkinger, J.1    Fehr, E.2    Gächter, S.3    Winter-Ebmer, R.4
  • 33
    • 0033012738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wage rigidity in a competitive incomplete contract market
    • Fehr, Ernst and Armin Falk, "Wage Rigidity in a Competitive Incomplete Contract Market," Journal of Political Economy, CVII (1999), 106-134.
    • (1999) Journal of Political Economy , vol.107 , pp. 106-134
    • Fehr, E.1    Falk, A.2
  • 35
    • 0000058232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reciprocity as a contract enforcement device
    • Fehr, Ernst, Simon Gächter, and Georg Kirchsteiger, "Reciprocity as a Contract Enforcement Device," Econometrica, LXV, No. 4, (1996), 833-860.
    • (1996) Econometrica , vol.65 , Issue.4 , pp. 833-860
    • Fehr, E.1    Gächter, S.2    Kirchsteiger, G.3
  • 36
    • 84960569468 scopus 로고
    • Does fairness prevent market clearing? An experimental investigation
    • Fehr, Ernst, Georg Kirchsteiger, and Arno Riedl, "Does Fairness Prevent Market Clearing? An Experimental Investigation," Quarterly Journal of Economics, CVIII (1993), 437-460.
    • (1993) Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol.108 , pp. 437-460
    • Fehr, E.1    Kirchsteiger, G.2    Riedl, A.3
  • 37
    • 4644234910 scopus 로고
    • A theory of social comparison processes
    • Festinger, L., "A Theory of Social Comparison Processes," Human Relations, VII (1954), 117-140.
    • (1954) Human Relations , vol.7 , pp. 117-140
    • Festinger, L.1
  • 39
    • 0000953589 scopus 로고
    • Fairness: Effect on temporary and equilibrium prices in posted-offer markets
    • Franciosi, Robert, Praveen Kujal, Roland Michelitsch, Vernon Smith, and Gang Deng, "Fairness: Effect on Temporary and Equilibrium Prices in Posted-Offer Markets," Economic Journal, CV (1995), 938-950.
    • (1995) Economic Journal , vol.105 , pp. 938-950
    • Franciosi, R.1    Kujal, P.2    Michelitsch, R.3    Smith, V.4    Deng, G.5
  • 44
    • 44949290615 scopus 로고
    • Ultimatum bargaining behavior - A survey and comparison of experimental results
    • Güth, Werner, Rolf Schmittberger, and Reinhard Tietz, "Ultimatum Bargaining Behavior - A Survey and Comparison of Experimental Results," Journal of Economic Psychology, XI (1990), 417-449.
    • (1990) Journal of Economic Psychology , vol.11 , pp. 417-449
    • Güth, W.1    Schmittberger, R.2    Tietz, R.3
  • 45
    • 84977376731 scopus 로고
    • Rational expectations and the limits of rationality
    • Haltiwanger, John, and Michael Waldman, "Rational Expectations and the Limits of Rationality," American Economic Review, LXXV (1985), 326-340.
    • (1985) American Economic Review , vol.75 , pp. 326-340
    • Haltiwanger, J.1    Waldman, M.2
  • 47
    • 0030304507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On expectations and monetary, stakes in ultimatum games
    • Hoffman, Elizabeth, Kevin McCabe, and Vernon Smith, "On Expectations and Monetary, Stakes in Ultimatum Games," International Journal of Game Theory, XXV (1996), 289-301.
    • (1996) International Journal of Game Theory , vol.25 , pp. 289-301
    • Hoffman, E.1    McCabe, K.2    Smith, V.3
  • 49
    • 84924719392 scopus 로고
    • Group size effects in public goods provision: The voluntary contribution mechanism
    • Isaac, Mark R., and James M. Walker, "Group Size Effects in Public Goods Provision: The Voluntary Contribution Mechanism," Quarterly Journal of Economics, CIII (1988), 179-199.
    • (1988) Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol.103 , pp. 179-199
    • Isaac, M.R.1    Walker, J.M.2
  • 50
    • 0002856425 scopus 로고
    • Costly communication: An experiment in a nested public goods problem
    • Thomas R. Palfrey, ed., Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press
    • Isaac, Mark R., and James M. Walker, "Costly Communication: An Experiment in a Nested Public Goods Problem," in Thomas R. Palfrey, ed., Laboratory Research in Political Economy (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1991).
    • (1991) Laboratory Research in Political Economy
    • Isaac, M.R.1    Walker, J.M.2
  • 51
    • 0000312611 scopus 로고
    • Group size and the voluntary provision of public goods: Experimental evidence utilizing large groups
    • Isaac, Mark R., James M. Walker, and Arlington M. Williams, "Group Size and the Voluntary Provision of Public Goods: Experimental Evidence Utilizing Large Groups," Journal of Public Economics, LIV (1994), 1-36.
    • (1994) Journal of Public Economics , vol.54 , pp. 1-36
    • Isaac, M.R.1    Walker, J.M.2    Williams, A.M.3
  • 52
    • 38249010491 scopus 로고
    • Culture and competition: A laboratory market comparison between China and the west
    • Kachelmeier, Steven J., and Mohamed Shehata, "Culture and Competition: A Laboratory Market Comparison between China and the West," Journal of Economic Organization and Behavior, XIX (1992), 145-168.
    • (1992) Journal of Economic Organization and Behavior , vol.19 , pp. 145-168
    • Kachelmeier, S.J.1    Shehata, M.2
  • 53
    • 0000744908 scopus 로고
    • Fairness as a constraint on profit seeking: Entitlements in the market
    • Kahneman, Daniel, Jack L. Knetsch, and Richard Thaler, "Fairness as a Constraint on Profit Seeking: Entitlements in the Market," American Economic Review, LXXVI (1986), 728-741.
    • (1986) American Economic Review , vol.76 , pp. 728-741
    • Kahneman, D.1    Knetsch, J.L.2    Thaler, R.3
  • 55
    • 0002098123 scopus 로고
    • Public goods: A survey of experimental research
    • J. Kagel and A. Roth, eds., Princeton: Princeton University Press
    • Ledyard, John, "Public Goods: A Survey of Experimental Research," in J. Kagel and A. Roth, eds., Handbook of Experimental Economics (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995).
    • (1995) Handbook of Experimental Economics
    • Ledyard, J.1
  • 56
    • 0040596036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling altruism and spitefulness in experiments
    • forthcoming
    • Levine, David K., "Modeling Altruism and Spitefulness in Experiments," Review of Economic Dynamics, forthcoming (1997).
    • (1997) Review of Economic Dynamics
    • Levine, D.K.1
  • 58
    • 0348166371 scopus 로고
    • Quantal response equilibria for normal form games
    • McKelvey, Richard D., and Thomas R. Palfrey, "Quantal Response Equilibria for Normal Form Games," Games and Economic Behavior, X (1995), 6-38.
    • (1995) Games and Economic Behavior , vol.10 , pp. 6-38
    • McKelvey, R.D.1    Palfrey, T.R.2
  • 59
    • 0004294471 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Mueller, Denis, Public Choice II (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989).
    • (1989) Public Choice , vol.2
    • Mueller, D.1
  • 61
    • 0002766986 scopus 로고
    • Cooperation without external enforcement
    • Thomas R. Palfrey, ed., Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press
    • Ostrom, Elinor, and James M. Walker, "Cooperation without External Enforcement," in Thomas R. Palfrey, ed., Laboratory Research in Political Economy (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1991).
    • (1991) Laboratory Research in Political Economy
    • Ostrom, E.1    Walker, J.M.2
  • 62
    • 85055762538 scopus 로고
    • Reference groups re-examined
    • Pollis, N. P., "Reference Groups Re-examined," British Journal of Sociology, XIX (1968), 300-307.
    • (1968) British Journal of Sociology , vol.19 , pp. 300-307
    • Pollis, N.P.1
  • 63
    • 0000832255 scopus 로고
    • Incorporating fairness into game theory and economics
    • Rabin, Matthew, "Incorporating Fairness into Game Theory and Economics," American Economic Review, LXXXIII (1993), 1281-1302.
    • (1993) American Economic Review , vol.83 , pp. 1281-1302
    • Rabin, M.1
  • 64
    • 38249019224 scopus 로고
    • Japanese transplants: After the honeymoon
    • Rehder, Robert, "Japanese Transplants: After the Honeymoon," Business Horizons (1990), 87-98.
    • (1990) Business Horizons , pp. 87-98
    • Rehder, R.1
  • 65
    • 0001998145 scopus 로고
    • Bargaining experiments
    • J. Kagel and A. Roth, eds., Princeton: Princeton University Press
    • Roth, Alvin E., "Bargaining Experiments," in J. Kagel and A. Roth, eds., Handbook of Experimental Economics (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995).
    • (1995) Handbook of Experimental Economics
    • Roth, A.E.1
  • 66
    • 58149324992 scopus 로고
    • Learning in extensive-form games: Experimental data and simple dynamic models in the intermediate term
    • Roth, Alvin, E., and Ido Erev, "Learning in Extensive-Form Games: Experimental Data and Simple Dynamic Models in the Intermediate Term," Games and Economic Behavior, VIII (1995), 164-212.
    • (1995) Games and Economic Behavior , vol.8 , pp. 164-212
    • Roth, A.E.1    Erev, I.2
  • 67
    • 0001515580 scopus 로고
    • Bargaining and market behavior in Jerusalem, Ljubljana, Pittsburgh, and Tokyo: An experimental study
    • Roth, Alvin E., Vesna Prasnikar, Masahiro Okuno-Fujiwara, and Shmuel Zamir, "Bargaining and Market Behavior in Jerusalem, Ljubljana, Pittsburgh, and Tokyo: An Experimental Study," American Economic Review, LXXXI (1991), 1068-1095.
    • (1991) American Economic Review , vol.81 , pp. 1068-1095
    • Roth, A.E.1    Prasnikar, V.2    Okuno-Fujiwara, M.3    Zamir, S.4
  • 69
    • 84977371412 scopus 로고
    • The relevance of quasi rationality in competitive markets
    • Russell, Thomas, and Richard Thaler, "The Relevance of Quasi Rationality in Competitive Markets," American Economic Review, LXXV (1985), 1071-1082.
    • (1985) American Economic Review , vol.75 , pp. 1071-1082
    • Russell, T.1    Thaler, R.2
  • 71
    • 0000385763 scopus 로고
    • An economic perspective on tax evasion
    • Skinner, Jonathan, and Joel Slemrod, "An Economic Perspective on Tax Evasion," National Tax Journal, XXXVIII (1985), 345-353.
    • (1985) National Tax Journal , vol.38 , pp. 345-353
    • Skinner, J.1    Slemrod, J.2
  • 72
    • 0346311130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Financial incentives and learning in ultimatum and market games: An experiment in the Slovak Republic
    • Slonim, Robert, and Alvin E. Roth, "Financial Incentives and Learning in Ultimatum and Market Games: An Experiment in the Slovak Republic," Econometrica, LXVI (1997), 569-596.
    • (1997) Econometrica , vol.66 , pp. 569-596
    • Slonim, R.1    Roth, A.E.2
  • 73
    • 0001521143 scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of competitive market behavior
    • Smith, Vernon L., "An Experimental Study of Competitive Market Behavior," Journal of Political Economy, LXX (1962), 111-137.
    • (1962) Journal of Political Economy , vol.70 , pp. 111-137
    • Smith, V.L.1
  • 74
    • 0000553222 scopus 로고
    • Microeconomic systems as an experimental science
    • _, "Microeconomic Systems as an Experimental Science," American Economic Review, LXXII (1982), 923-955.
    • (1982) American Economic Review , vol.72 , pp. 923-955
  • 75
    • 0003338905 scopus 로고
    • The boundaries of competitive price theory: Convergence expectations and transaction costs
    • L. Green and J. H. Kagel, eds., Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corporation
    • Smith, Vernon L., and Arlington W. Williams, "The Boundaries of Competitive Price Theory: Convergence Expectations and Transaction Costs," in L. Green and J. H. Kagel, eds., Advances in Behavioural Economics, Vol. 2 (Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corporation, 1990).
    • (1990) Advances in Behavioural Economics , vol.2
    • Smith, V.L.1    Williams, A.W.2
  • 76
    • 0004151794 scopus 로고
    • Princeton: Princeton University Press
    • Stouffer, Samuel, A., The American Soldier (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1949).
    • (1949) The American Soldier
    • Stouffer, S.A.1
  • 78
    • 0001076162 scopus 로고
    • Loss aversion in riskless choice: A reference-dependent model
    • Tversky, A., and D. Kahneman, "Loss Aversion in Riskless Choice: A Reference-Dependent Model," Quarterly Journal of Economics, CVI (1991), 1039-1062.
    • (1991) Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol.106 , pp. 1039-1062
    • Tversky, A.1    Kahneman, D.2
  • 80


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.