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Volumn 111, Issue 30, 2007, Pages 6977-6990

Energy and electron transfer in enhanced two-photon-absorbing systems with triplet cores

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELECTRON TRANSITIONS; ENERGY TRANSFER; OPTICAL SENSORS; OPTIMIZATION; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; PHOTONS;

EID: 34548234266     PISSN: 10895639     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jp071586f     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (74)

References (178)
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    • Examples of 2PA chromophores based on porphyrin conjugates and arrays: (a) Karotki, A.; Drobizhev, M.; Dzenis, Y.; Taylor, P. N.; Anderson, H. L.; Rebane, A. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2004, 6, 7-10.
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    • Examples of 2PA chromophores based on modified porphyrins: (a) Ahn, T. K.; Kwon, J. H.; Kim, D. Y.; Cho, D. W.; Jeong, D. H.; Kim, S. K.; Suzuki, M.; Shimizu, S.; Osuka, A.; Kim, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 12856-12861.
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    • Examples of 2PA chromophores based on dendrimers: (a) Adronov, A.; Fréchet, J. M. J.; He, G. S.; Kim, K. S.; Chung, S. J.; Swiatkiewicz, J.; Prasad, P. N. Chem. Mater. 2000, 12, 2838.
    • Examples of 2PA chromophores based on dendrimers: (a) Adronov, A.; Fréchet, J. M. J.; He, G. S.; Kim, K. S.; Chung, S. J.; Swiatkiewicz, J.; Prasad, P. N. Chem. Mater. 2000, 12, 2838.
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    • 2PA porphyrin aggregates: (a) Collini, E.; Ferrante, C.; Bozio, R. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 2-5.
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    • We limit our scope by the literature on oxygen measurements using molecular probes introduced directly into the medium of interest, e.g, blood or interstitial space. In addition, there is a large area of research covering solid-state phosphorescent oxygen sensors. For a review, see: Demas, J. N, DeGraff, B. A, Coleman, P. B. Anal. Chem. 1999, 71, 793A-800A
    • We limit our scope by the literature on oxygen measurements using molecular probes introduced directly into the medium of interest, e.g., blood or interstitial space. In addition, there is a large area of research covering solid-state phosphorescent oxygen sensors. For a review, see: Demas, J. N.; DeGraff, B. A.; Coleman, P. B. Anal. Chem. 1999, 71, 793A-800A.
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    • A similar idea has recently been utilized to photochemically release nitric oxide upon 2P excitation: Wecksler, S. R.; Mikhailovsky, A.; Korystov, D.; Ford, P. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 3831-3837.
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    • In a recent study (Kauert, M, Stoller, P. C, Frenz, M, Ricka, J. Opt. Express 2006, 14, 8434-8447) the 2PA cross section of Rhodamine B in MeOH was rigorously measured and shown to have the value σ2, 24.4 GM at 800 nm, which is about 6 times lower than that reported by Xu and Webb (σ2, 150 GM).8a Nevertheless, we chose to use the commonly referred to value from ref 8a in order to facilitate comparison with the current literature
    • 8a Nevertheless, we chose to use the commonly referred to value from ref 8a in order to facilitate comparison with the current literature.
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    • Several values have been reported in the literature for the fluorescence quantum yield of Rhodamine B, ranging from 0.41 to 0.97 Demas, J. N, Crosby, G. A. J. Phys. Chem. 1971, 75, 991-1024, We used the value of 0.5, reported by Karstens and Kobs41 and rigorously confirmed by our own measurements
    • 41 and rigorously confirmed by our own measurements.
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    • 0, energy-transfer rates, and electron-transfer rates, see the Supporting Information.
    • 0, energy-transfer rates, and electron-transfer rates, see the Supporting Information.
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    • If measured against Rhodamine B in methanol (φfl, 0.5),40 H2-TPP in deoxygenated benzene exhibits the absolute fluorescence quantum yield φfl, 0.048. A much higher value for H2TPP (φfl, 0.11) was reported by Seybold and Gouterman48 and became a standard reference in porphyrin spectroscopy. The yield of φfl, 0.11 was measured48 relative to the fluorescence of chlorophyll b in benzene (φfl, 0.12, as reported by Weber and Teale Weber, G, Teale, F. W. J. Trans. Faraday Soc. 1957, 53, 646-655, In the same paper, Weber and Teale report the quantum yield φfl, 0.97 for Rhodamine B in EtOH. As shown later,41 this value is significantly overestimated
    • 41 this value is significantly overestimated.
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    • The separation between the centers of mass of RhB and PtTBP in 5 was estimated as an average over 15 conformations, obtained by means of molecular dynamics, followed by geometry optimization for each conformation (MM+ force field) (see Supporting Information for details).
    • The separation between the centers of mass of RhB and PtTBP in 5 was estimated as an average over 15 conformations, obtained by means of molecular dynamics, followed by geometry optimization for each conformation (MM+ force field) (see Supporting Information for details).
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    • The work term was calculated as in ref 54, using the value of 36.7 for the dielectric permeativity of DMF and the distance of 7.5 Å for the separation between PtTBP and RhB in RhB-PtTBP dyads.
    • The work term was calculated as in ref 54, using the value of 36.7 for the dielectric permeativity of DMF and the distance of 7.5 Å for the separation between PtTBP and RhB in RhB-PtTBP dyads.
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    • The value Δr = 3.4 Å was calculated as the difference between the average end-to-end distances for the linkers consisting of piperazine (for adduct 5) and piperazine-glycine (for adduct 6). The distances were averaged over 15 conformations for each linker type (see Supporting Information for details).
    • The value Δr = 3.4 Å was calculated as the difference between the average end-to-end distances for the linkers consisting of piperazine (for adduct 5) and piperazine-glycine (for adduct 6). The distances were averaged over 15 conformations for each linker type (see Supporting Information for details).
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    • Distributions were recovered by the MEM (Livesey, A. K.; Brochon, J. C. Biophys. J. 1987, 52, 693-706),
    • Distributions were recovered by the MEM (Livesey, A. K.; Brochon, J. C. Biophys. J. 1987, 52, 693-706),
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    • implemented as a recursive algorithm (Vinogradov, S. A.; Wilson, D. F. Applied Spectrosc. 2000, 54, 849-855).
    • implemented as a recursive algorithm (Vinogradov, S. A.; Wilson, D. F. Applied Spectrosc. 2000, 54, 849-855).
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    • 63
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    • A less general formula was used in our previous paper (ref 26), in which we assumed that the 2PA of the naked core was negligible compared to that of the antenna. When PtTBPs are being used as cores, eq 3 should be used instead.
    • A less general formula was used in our previous paper (ref 26), in which we assumed that the 2PA of the "naked" core was negligible compared to that of the antenna. When PtTBPs are being used as cores, eq 3 should be used instead.
  • 176
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    • Measured in this work
    • Measured in this work.


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