Cancer as a manifestation of aberrant chromatin structure

Cancer Journal

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 3-8

  Brock, Malcolm V ^a   Herman, James G ^a   Baylin, Stephen B ^a,b  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Cancer; Chromatin modification; DNA methylation; Epigenetics

Indexed keywords

HISTONE H2A; HISTONE H2B; HISTONE H3; HISTONE H4; POLYCOMB GROUP PROTEINS; REPRESSOR PROTEIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

BREAST CANCER; CARCINOGENESIS; CELL CYCLE REGULATION; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CHROMATIN; CHROMATIN STRUCTURE; CPG ISLAND; DNA METHYLATION; DNA PACKAGING; DNA REPAIR; EPIGENETICS; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE TARGETING; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; HUMAN; LUNG NON SMALL CELL CANCER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; ANIMAL; DRUG EFFECT; GENETIC EPIGENESIS; GENETICS; NEOPLASM;

ANIMALS; CHROMATIN; CPG ISLANDS; DNA METHYLATION; EPIGENESIS, GENETIC; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS; REPRESSOR PROTEINS;

EID: 34250633637     PISSN: 15289117     EISSN: 1540336X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (62)

1. Feinberg AP, Ohlsson R, Henikoff S. The epigenetic progenitor origin of human cancer. Nat Rev Genet. 2006;7:21-33.
2. Herman JG, Baylin SB. Gene silencing in cancer in association with promoter hypermethylation. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:2042-2054.
3. Jones PA, Laird PW. Cancer epigenetics comes of age. Nat Genet. 1999;21:163-167.
4. Bird A. DNA methylation patterns and epigenetic memory. Genes Dev. 2002;16:6-21.
5. Robertson KD. DNA methylation and human disease. Nat Rev Genet. 2005;6:597-610.
6. Feinberg AP, Vogelstein B. Hypomethylation distinguishes genes of some human cancers from their normal counterparts. Nature. 1983;301: 89-92.
7. Li E, Bestor TH, Jaenisch R. Targeted mutation of the DNA methyltransferase gene results in embryonic lethality. Cell. 1992;69:915-926.
8. Eden A, Gaudet F, Waghmare A, et al. Chromosomal instability and tumors promoted by DNA hypomethylation. Science. 2003;300:455.
9. Baylin SB, Ohm JE. Epigenetic gene silencing in cancer - a mechanism for early oncogenic pathway addiction? Nat Rev Cancer. 2006;6:107-116.
10. Leone G, Teofili L, Voso MT, Lubbert M. DNA methylation and demethylating drugs in myelodysplastic syndromes and secondary leukemias. Haematologica. 2002;87:1324-1341.
11. Daskalakis M, Nguyen TT, Nguyen C, et al. Demethylation of a hypermethylated P15/INK4B gene in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome by 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (decitabine) treatment. Blood. 2002;100:2957-2964.
12. INK4a is an early event in lung cancer and a potential biomarker for early diagnosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998;95:11891-11896.
13. Herman JG, Merlo A, Mao L, et al. Inactivation of the CDKN2/p16/ MTS1 gene is frequently associated with aberrant DNA methylation in all common human cancers. Cancer Res. 1995;55:4525-4530.
14. INK4a promoters occurs in vivo in histologically normal human mammary epithelia. Cancer Res. 2003;63:1596-1601.
15. Guo M, House MG, Hooker C, et al. Promoter hypermethylation of resected bronchial margins: a field defect of changes? Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10:5131-5136.
16. Foster SA, Wong DJ, Barrett MT, Galloway DA. Inactivation of p16 in human mammary epithelial cells by CpG island methylation. Mol Cell Biol. 1998;18:1793-1801.
17. INK4a inactivation and telomerase activity are required to immortalize human epithelial cells. Nature. 1998;396:84-88.
18. INK4a regulates polycomb-mediated DNA hypermethylation in human mammary epithelial cells. J Biol Chem. 2006;281:24790-24802.
19. INK4a. Nature. 2006;443:421-426.
20. INK4a induces an age-dependent decline in islet regenerative potential. Nature. 2006;443: 453-457.
21. INK4a expression decreases forebrain progenitors and neurogenesis during ageing. Nature. 2006;443:448-452.
22. Jen J, Powell SM, Papadopoulos N, et al. Molecular determinants of dysplasia in colorectal lesions. Cancer Res. 1994;54:5523-5526.
23. Siu IM, Robinson DR, Schwartz S, et al. The identification of monoclonality in human aberrant crypt foci. Cancer Res. 1999;59: 63-66.
24. Rattner A, Hsieh JC, Smallwood PM, et al. A family of secreted proteins contains homology to the cysteine-rich ligand-binding domain of frizzled receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1997;94:2859-2863.
25. Suzuki H, Watkins DN, Jair KW, et al. Epigenetic inactivation of SFRP genes allows constitutive WNT signaling in colorectal cancer. Nat Genet. 2004;36:417-422.
26. Hochedlinger K, Yamada Y, Beard C, Jaenisch R. Ectopic expression of Oct-4 blocks progenitor-cell differentiation and causes dysplasia in epithelial tissues. Cell. 2005;121:465-477.
27. Ting AH, McGarvey KM, Baylin SB. The cancer epigenome-components and functional correlates. Genes Dev. 2006;20:3215-3231.
28. Bird AP, Wolffe AP. Methylation-induced repression - belts, braces, and chromatin. Cell. 1999;99:451-454.
29. Kornberg RD, Lorch Y. Twenty-five years of the nucleosome, fundamental particle of the eukaryote chromosome. Cell. 1999;98:285- 294.
30. Briggs SD, Xiao T, Sun ZW, et al. Gene silencing: trans-histone regulatory pathway in chromatin. Nature. 2002;418:498.
31. Fischle W, Wang Y, Allis CD. Histone and chromatin cross-talk. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2003;15:172-183.
32. Jenuwein T, Allis CD. Translating the histone code. Science. 2001;293: 1074-1080.
33. Selker EU, Jensen BC, Richardson GA. A portable signal causing faithful DNA methylation de novo in Neurospora crassa. Science. 1987;238:48-53.
34. Tamaru H, Selker EU. A histone H3 methyltransferase controls DNA methylation in Neurospora crassa. Nature. 2001;414:277-283.
35. Tamaru H, Selker EU. Synthesis of signals for de novo DNA methylation in Neurospora crassa. Mol Cell Biol. 2003;23:2379-2394.
36. Jackson JP, Lindroth AM, Cao X, et al. Control of CpNpG DNA methylation by the KRYPTONITE histone H3 methyltransferase. Nature. 2002;416:556-560.
37. Johnson L, Cao X, Jacobsen S. Interplay between two epigenetic marks: DNA methylation and histone H3 lysine 9 methylation. Curr Biol. 2002;12:1360-1367.
38. Plath K, Fang J, Mlynarczyk-Evans SK, et al. Role of histone H3 lysine 27 methylation in X inactivation. Science. 2003;300:131-135.
39. Cameron EE, Bachman KE, Myohanen S, et al. Synergy of demethylation and histone deacetylase inhibition in the re-expression of genes silenced in cancer. Nat Genet. 1999;21:103-107.
40. McGarvey KM, Fahrner JA, Greene E, et al. Silenced tumor suppressor genes reactivated by DNA demethylation do not return to a fully euchromatic chromatin state. Cancer Res. 2006;66:3541-3549.
41. Suzuki H, Gabrielson E, Chen W, et al. A genomic screen for genes upregulated by demethylation and histone deacetylase inhibition in human colorectal cancer. Nat Genet. 2002;31:141-149.
42. Bachman KE, Rountree MR, Baylin SB. Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are transcriptional repressors that exhibit unique localization properties to heterochromatin. J Biol Chem. 2001;276:32282-32287.
43. Rountree MR, Bachman KE, Baylin SB. DNMT1 binds HDAC2 and a new co-repressor, DMAP1, to form a complex at replication foci. Nat Genet. 2000;25:269-277.
44. Fuks F, Burgers WA, Brehm A, et al. DNA methyltransferase Dnmt1 associates with histone deacetylase activity. Nat Genet. 2000;24:88-91.
45. Robertson KD, Ait-Si-Ali S, Yokochi T, et al. DNMT1 forms a complex with rb, E2F1 and HDAC1 and represses transcription from E2F-responsive promoters. Nat Genet. 2000;25:338-342.
46. El-Osta A, Kantharidis P, Zalcberg JR, et al. Precipitous release of methyl-CpG binding protein 2 and histone deacetylase 1 from the methylated human multidrug resistance gene (MDR1) on activation. Mol Cell Biol. 2002;22:1844-1857.
47. Gore SD, Baylin S, Sugar E, et al. Combined DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibition in the treatment of myeloid neoplasms. Cancer Res. 2006;66:6361-6369.
48. Egger G, Liang G, Aparicio A, et al. Epigenetics in human disease and prospects for epigenetic therapy. Nature. 2004;429:457-463.
49. Bakker J, Lin X, Nelson WG. Methyl-CpG binding domain protein 2 represses transcription from hypermethylated pi-class glutathione S-transferase gene promoters in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Biol Chem. 2002;277:22573-22580.
50. Pruitt K, Zinn RL, Ohm JE, et al. Inhibition of SIRT1 reactivates silenced cancer genes without loss of promoter DNA hypermethylation. PLoS Genet. 2006;2:344-352.
51. Orlando V. Polycomb, epigenomes, and control of cell identity. Cell. 2003;112:599-606.
52. Lund AH, van Lohuizen M. Polycomb complexes and silencing mechanisms. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2004;16:239-246.
53. Ringrose L, Paro R. Epigenetic regulation of cellular memory by the Polycomb and Trithorax group proteins. Annu Rev Genet. 2004;38:413- 443.
54. Schwartz YB, Kahn TG, Dellino GI, et al. Polycomb silencing mechanisms in Drosophila. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 2004;69:301- 308.
55. Sparmann A, van Lohuizen M. Polycomb silencers control cell fate, development and cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2006;6:846-856.
56. Kuzmichev A, Margueron R, Vaquero A, et al. Composition and histone substrates of polycomb repressive group complexes change during cellular differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102: 1859-1864.
57. Varambally S, Dhanasekaran SM, Zhou M, et al. The polycomb group protein EZH2 is involved in progression of prostate cancer. Nature. 2002;419:624-629.
58. Kirmizis A, Bartley SM, Farnham PJ. Identification of the polycomb group protein SU(Z)12 as a potential molecular target for human cancer therapy. Mol Cancer Ther. 2003;2:113-121.
59. Kleer CG, Cao Q, Varambally S, et al. EZH2 is a marker of aggressive breast cancer and promotes neoplastic transformation of breast epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100:11606-11611.
60. Feinberg AP, Tycko B. The history of cancer epigenetics. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004;4:143-153.
61. Ehrlich M. DNA hypomethylation, cancer, the immunodeficiency, cen-tromeric region instability, facial anomalies syndrome and chromosomal rearrangements. J Nutr. 2002;132:2424S-2429S.
62. Liang G, Chan MF, Tomigahara Y, et al. Cooperativity between DNA methyltransferases in the maintenance methylation of repetitive elements. Mol Cell Biol. 2002;22:480-491.