Cancer relapse under chemotherapy: Why TLR2/4 receptor agonists can help

European Journal of Pharmacology

Volumn 563, Issue 1-3, 2007, Pages 1-17

  Garay, Ricardo P ^a   Viens, Patrice ^b   Bauer, Jacques ^c   Normier, Gérard ^c   Bardou, Marc ^d   Jeannin, Jean François ^d   Chiavaroli, Carlo ^c  

^a UNIVERSITÉ PARIS DESCARTES   (France)

^b INSTITUT PAOLI CALMETTES   (France)

^c Vifor (International) Inc   (Switzerland)

^d UNIVERSITÉ DE BOURGOGNE   (France)

Author keywords

Chemotherapy; OM 174; TLR agonist; TNF; Toll like receptor

Indexed keywords

2 DEOXY 3 O (9 PHENYLNONANOYL) 2 [3 (9 PHENYLNONANOYLOXY)TETRADECANOYLAMINO]GLUCOPYRANOSE 4 SULFATE; ALPHA INTERFERON; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BCG VACCINE; BLEOMYCIN; CARBOPLATIN; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; DACARBAZINE; DENDRITIC CELL VACCINE; DOXORUBICIN; DT 5461; ETOPOSIDE; FLUOROURACIL; INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; LIPID A DERIVATIVE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; MACROPHAGE ACTIVATING LIPOPEPTIDE 2; MELPHALAN; METHISOPRINOL; MONOSACCHARIDE; MURAMYL DIPEPTIDE; MUROCTASIN; NITRIC OXIDE; OM 174; OXALIPLATIN; PROTOZOAL PROTEIN; RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN 2; RECOMBINANT TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; SR 259075; TASONERMIN; THYMUS EXTRACT; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY; ADJUVANT THERAPY; APOPTOSIS; BLADDER CANCER; BLOOD LEVEL; BREAST CANCER; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER RELAPSE; CANCER SURVIVAL; CELL CLONE; CELL MATURATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; COLORECTAL CANCER; DENDRITIC CELL; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG MEGADOSE; HEAD AND NECK CANCER; HUMAN; HYPOXIA; IMMUNOTHERAPY; LUNG CANCER; MACROPHAGE; MELANOMA; MONOTHERAPY; NONHUMAN; OVARY CANCER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; SOLID TUMOR;

ANIMALS; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; APOPTOSIS; BCG VACCINE; CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT; DENDRITIC CELLS; DRUG RESISTANCE, NEOPLASM; ENZYME INDUCTION; HUMANS; IMMUNOTHERAPY; INTERLEUKIN-10; LIPID A; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; NEOADJUVANT THERAPY; NEOPLASMS; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE TYPE II; RECURRENCE; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 2; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 4; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA;

EID: 34247331022     PISSN: 00142999     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.02.018     Document Type: Review

References (149)

1. Adam J.K., Odhav B., and Bhoola K.D. Immune responses in cancer. Pharmacol. Ther. 99 (2003) 113-132
2. Adema G.J., de Vries J.M., Punt C.J.A., and Figdor C.G. Migration of dendritic cell based cancer vaccines: in vivo veritas?. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 17 (2005) 170-174
3. Aggarwal B.B., Eessalu T.E., and Hass P.E. Characterization of receptors for human tumour necrosis factor and their regulation by gamma-interferon. Nature 318 (1985) 665-667
4. Al-Karim H.A., Bryce C., Mulhall P., and Coppin C. Repeated AFP surge: an unusual and potentially misleading tumor marker phenomenon. Clin. Oncol. 14 (2002) 294-295
5. Azuma I., Ribi E.E., Meyer T.J., and Zbar B. Biologically active components from mycobacterial cell walls. I. Isolation and composition of cell wall skeleton and component P3. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 52 (1974) 95-101
6. Baillat G., Garrouste F., Remacle-Bonnet M., Marvaldi J., and Pommier G. Bcl-xL/Bax ratio is altered by IFN-gamma in TNF-alpha but not in TRAIL-induced apoptosis in colon cancer cell line. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Mol. Cell Res. 1745 (2005) 101-110
7. Balducci L., Hardy C.L., and Lyman G.H. Hematopoietic growth factors in the older cancer patient. Curr. Opin. Hematol. 8 (2001) 170-187
8. Balkwill F., Schlom J., Berek J., Epenetos A., Bookman M., Freedman R., and Wilbanks G. Discussion: immunological therapeutics in ovarian cancer. Gynecol. Oncol. 88 (2003) S110-S113
9. Banchereau J., and Steinman R.M. Dendritic cells and the control of immunity. Nature 392 (1998) 245-252
10. Becker I., Salaiza N., Aguirre M., Delgado J., Carrillo-Carrasco N., Kobeh L.G., Ruiz A., Cervantes R., Torres A.P., Cabrera N., Gonzalez A., Maldonado C., and Isabasi A. Leishmania lipophosphoglycan (LPG) activates NK cells through toll-like receptor-2. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 130 (2003) 65-74
11. Bernengo M.G., Appino A., Bertero M., Novelli M., Fierro M.T., Doveil G.C., and Lisa F. Thymopentin in Sezary syndrome. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 84 (1992) 1341-1346
12. Beutler E., Gelbart T., and West C. Synergy between TLR2 and TLR4: a safety mechanism. Blood Cells Mol. Diseases 27 (2001) 728-730
13. Böhle A. Recent knowledge on BCG's mechanism of action in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. Brazilain J. Urol. 26 (2000) 488-502
14. Brandenburg K., Lindner B.B., Schromm A., Koch M.H.J., Bauer J., Merkli A., Zbaeren C., Davies J.G., and Seydel U. Physicochemical characteristics of triacyl lipid A partial structure OM-174 in relation to biological activity. Eur. J. Biochem. 267 (2000) 3370-3377
15. Brooks P.C., Montgomery A.M., Rosenfeld M., Reisfeld R.A., Hu T., and Klier G. Integrin alpha v beta 3 antagonists promote tumor regression by inducing apoptosis of angiogenic blood vessels. Cell 79 (1994) 1157-1164
16. Brown J.M. The hypoxic cell: a target for selective cancer therapy - 18th Bruce F. Cain Memorial Award lecture. Cancer Res. 59 (1999) 5863-5870
17. Co W., Chi W.H., Wang J., Tang J.J., and Lu Y.J. TNF-alpha promotes Doxorubicin-induced cell apoptosis and anti-cancer effect through downregulation of p21 in p53-deficient tumor cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 330 (2005) 1034-1040
18. Chaby R. Strategies for the control of LPS-mediated pathophysiological disorders. Drug Discov. Today 4 (1999) 209-221
19. Chau I., and Cunningham D. Adjuvant therapy in colon cancer: current status and future directions. Cancer Treat. Rev. 28 (2002) 223-226
20. Chau I., and Cunningham D. Adjuvant therapy in colon cancer-what, when and how?. Ann. Oncol. 17 (2006) 1347-1359
21. Chen G.G., Lau W.Y., Lai P.B., Chun Y.S., Chak E.C., Leung B.C., Lam I.K., Lee J.F., and Chui A.K. Activation of Kupffer cells inhibits tumor growth in a murine model system. Int. J. Cancer 99 (2002) 713-720
22. Coley W.B. The treatment of inoperable sarcoma with the mixed toxins of erysipelas and bacillus prodigiosus. Am. Med. Assoc. 31 (1989) 389-395
23. D'Agostini C., Pica F., Febbraro G., Grelli S., Chiavaroli C., and Garaci E. Antitumour effect of OM-174 and Cyclophosphamide on murine B16 melanoma in different experimental conditions. Int. Immunopharmacol. 5 (2005) 1205-1212
24. Dalerba P., Maccalli C., Casati C., Castelli C., and Parmiani G. Immunology and immunotherapy of colorectal cancer. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 46 (2003) 33-57
25. De Bono J.S., Dalgleish A.G., Carmichael J., Diffley J., Lofts F.J., Fyffe D., Ellard S., Gordon R.J., Brindley C.J., and Evans T.R. Phase I study of ONO-4007, a synthetic analogue of the lipid A moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Clin. Cancer Res. 6 (2000) 397-405
26. De Ridder M., Verovski V.N., Chiavaroli C., Van den Berge D.L., Monsaert C., Law K., and Storme G.A. The radiosensitizing effect of immunoadjuvant OM-174 requires cooperation between immune and tumor cells through interferon-gamma and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 66 5 (2006) 1473-1480
27. Deidier, A., 1725. Deux dissertations médicinales et chirurgicales, l'une sur la maladie vénérienne, l'autre sur la nature et la curation des tumeurs. C.M. D'Houry, imprimeur, Paris.
28. Dobrovolskaia M.A., and Vogel S.N. Toll receptors, CD14, and macrophage activation and deactivation by LPS. Microbes Infect. 4 (2002) 903-914
29. Dong W., Zhou R., and Zhou S. Experimental studies on antitumor activity of new recombinant human tumour necrosis factor in nude mice bearing nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi 33 (1998) 38-41
30. Dong W., Zhou S., and Li Z. Experimental studies on antitumor effect by the new recombinant tumour necrosis factor and cyclophosphamide in nude mice bearing laryngeal carcinoma. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi 15 (2001) 555-557
31. Elliott B., and Dalgleish A. Melanoma vaccines. Hosp. Med. 65 (2004) 668-673
32. Folli S., Pelegrin A., Chalandon Y., Yao X., Buchegger F., Lienard D., Lejeune F., and Mach J.P. Tumor-necrosis factor can enhance radio-antibody uptake in human colon carcinoma xenografts by increasing vascular permeability. Int. J. Cancer 53 (1993) 829-836
33. Frederiksen L.J., Siemens D.R., Heaton J.P., Maxwell L.R., Adams M.A., and Graham C.H. Hypoxia induced resistance to doxorubicin in prostate cancer cells is inhibited by low concentrations of glyceryl trinitrate. J. Urol. 170 (2003) 1003-1007
34. Gatenby R.A., Kessler H.B., Rosenblum J.S., Coia L.R., Moldofsky P.J., Hartz W.H., and Broder G.J. Oxygen distribution in squamous cell carcinoma metastases and its relationship to outcome of radiation therapy. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 14 (1988) 831-838
35. Gershanovich M.L., Filatova L.V., Ketlinsky S.A., and Simbirtsev A.S. Recombinant human interleukin-1 beta: new possibilities for the prophylaxis and correction of toxic myelodepression in patients with malignant tumors: II. Phase II study of the protective effect of recombinant human interleukin-1 beta on myelodepression induced by chemotherapy in cancer patients. Eur. Cytokine Netw. 12 (2001) 671-675
36. + regulatory T cell proliferation. J. Exp. Med. 202 (2005) 919-929
37. Grunhagen D.J., de Wilt J.H., ten Hagen T.L., and Eggermont A.M. Technology insight: utility of TNF-alpha-based isolated limb perfusion to avoid amputation of irresectable tumors of the extremities. Nat. Clin. Pract. Oncol. 3 (2006) 94-103
38. Harris A.L. Hypoxia - a key regulatory factor in tumour growth. Nat. Rev., Cancer 2 (2002) 38-47
39. Heaton K.M., and Grimm E.A. Cytokine combinations in immunotherapy for solid tumors: a review. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 37 (1993) 213-219
40. 18F-misonidazole (FMISO) pet scanning. J. Clin. Oncol. 22 No 14S (2004) 5520
41. Hill S.C., Youde S.J., Man S., Teale G.R., Baxendale A.J., Hislop A., Davies C.C., Luesley D.M., Blom A.M., Rickinson A.B., Young L.S., and Eliopoulos A.G. Activation of CD40 in cervical carcinoma cells facilitates CTL responses and augments chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. J. Immunol. 174 (2005) 41-50
42. Holst O., Ulmer A.J., Brade H., Flad H.D., and Rietschel E.T. Biochemistry and cell biology of bacterial endotoxins. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 16 (1996) 83-104
43. Höpfl G., Ogunshola O., and Gassmann M. HIFs and tumors - causes and consequences. Am. J. Physiol., Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 286 (2004) R608-R623
44. Horwich A., and Peckham M.J. Transient tumor marker elevation following chemotherapy for germ cell tumors of the testis. Cancer Treat. Rep. 70 (1986) 1329-1331
45. Ikeda H., Old J.L., and Schreiber R.D. The roles of IFN-γ in protection against tumor development and cancer immunoediting. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 13 (2002) 95-109
46. Inagawa H., Nishizawa T., Honda T., Nakamoto T., Takagi K., and Soma G. Mechanisms by which chemotherapeutic agents augment the antitumor effects of tumor necrosis factor: involvement of the pattern shift of cytokines from Th2 to Th1 in tumor lesions. Anticancer Res. 18 (1998) 3957-3964
47. Inoue G. Effect of interleukin-10 (IL-10) on experimental LPS-induced acute lung injury. J. Infect. Chemother. 6 (2000) 51-60
48. Jain R.K. Barriers to drug delivery in solid tumors. Sci. Am. 271 (1994) 58-65
49. Jain R.K. Understanding barriers to drug delivery: high resolution in vivo imaging is key. Clin. Cancer Res. 5 (1999) 1605-1606
50. Janik J.E., Miller L.L., Korn E.L., Stevens D., Curti B.D., Smith J.W., Sznol M., Conlon K.C., Sharfman W., Urba W.J., Gause B.L., and Longo D.L. A prospective randomized phase II trial of GM-CSF priming to prevent topotecan-induced neutropenia in chemotherapy-naive patients with malignant melanoma or renal cell carcinoma. Blood 97 (2001) 1942-1946
51. Kamijo R., Takeda K., Nagumo M., Konno K., Hasegawa A., Inaka K., and Ikehara M. Induction of differentiation of human monoblastic and myeloblastic leukemia cell lines by TNF muteins. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 160 (1989) 820-827
52. Kiani A., Tschiersch A., Gaboriau E., Otto F., Seiz A., Knopf H.P., Stutz P., Farber L., Haus U., Galanos C., Mertelsmann R., and Engelhardt R. Downregulation of the proinflammatory cytokine response to endotoxin by pretreatment with the nontoxic lipid A analog SDZ MRL 953 in cancer patients. Blood. 90 (1997) 1673-1683
53. Klimp A.H., de Vries E.G.E., Scherphof G.L., and Daemen T. A potential role of macrophage activation in the treatment of cancer. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 44 (2002) 143-161
54. Komai-Koma M., Jones L., Ogg G.S., Xu D., and Liew F.Y. TLR2 is expressed on activated T cells as a costimulatory receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 101 (2004) 3029-3034
55. Kong L., Dunn G.D., Keefer L.K., and Korthuis R.J. Nitric oxide reduces tumor cell adhesion to isolated rat postcapillary venules. Clin. Exp. Metastasis 14 (1996) 335-343
56. Konovalova N.P., Goncharova S.A., Volkova L.M., Rajewskaya T.A., Eremenko L.T., and Korolev A.M. Nitric oxide donor increases the efficiency of cytostatic therapy and retards the development of drug resistance. Nitric Oxide 8 (2003) 59-64
57. Kumazawa E., Jimbo T., Akimoto T., Joto N., and Tohgo A. Antitumor effect of DT-5461, a lipid A derivative, against human tumor xenografts is mediated by intratumoral production of tumor necrosis factor and affected by host immunosuppressive factors in nude mice. Cancer Investig. 15 (1997) 522-530
58. Kuramitsu Y., Nishibe M., Ohiro Y., Matsushita K., Yuan L., Obara M., Kobayashi M., and Hosokawa M. A new synthetic lipid A analog, ONO-4007, stimulates the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in tumor tissues, resulting in the rejection of transplanted rat hepatoma cells. Anticancer Drugs 8 (1997) 500-508
59. Lagadec P., Raynal S., Lieubeau B., Onier N., Arnould L., Saint-Giorgio V., Lawrence D.A., and Jeannin J.F. Evidence for control of nitric oxide synthesis by intracellular transforming growth factor-β1 in tumor cells. Am. J. Pathol. 154 (1999) 1867-1876
60. Lake R.A., and Robinson B.W. Immunotherapy and chemotherapy - a practical partnership. Nat. Rev. Cancer 5 (2005) 397-405
61. Larmonier C.B., Arnould L., Larmonier N., Baumann S., Moutet M., Saint-Giorgio V., Pance A., and Jeannin J.F. Kinetics of tumour cell apoptosis and immune cell activation during the regression of tumours induced by lipid A in a rat model of colon cancer. Int. J. Mol. Med. 13 (2004) 355-361
62. Lechner M., Lirk P., and Rieder J. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in tumor biology: the two sides of the same coin. Semin. Cancer Biol. 15 (2005) 277-289
63. Lee K.Y., Chang W., Qiu D., Kao P.N., and Rosen G.D. PG490 (Triptolide) cooperates with tumor necrosis factor-alpha to induce apoptosis in tumor cells. J. Biol. Chem. 274 (1999) 13451-13455
64. Leist M., and Jaattela M. Burning up TNF toxicity for cancer therapy. Nat. Med. 8 (2002) 667-668
65. Lejeune F.J. Clinical use of TNF revisited: improving penetration of anti-cancer agents by increasing vascular permeability. J. Clin. Invest. 110 (2002) 433-435
66. Lejeune F.J., Rüegg C., and Liénard D. Clinical applications of TNF-α in cancer. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 10 (1998) 573-580
67. Li C., and Jackson R.M. Reactive species mechanisms of cellular hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. 282 (2002) C227-C241
68. Li L., Kilbourn R.G., Adams J., and Fidler I.J. Role of nitric oxide in lysis of tumor cells by cytokine-activated endothelial cells. Cancer Res. 51 (1991) 2531-2535
69. Loprinzi C.L., Tormey D.C., Rasmussen P., Falkson G., Davis T.E., Falkson H.C., and Chang A.Y. Prospective evaluation of carcinoembryonic antigen levels and alternating chemotherapeutic regimens in metastatic breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 4 (1986) 46-56
70. Lugovic L., Situm M., and Kos L. Malignant melanoma-future prospects. Acta Dermatovenerol. Croat. 13 (2005) 36-43
71. Malats N., Bustos A., Nascimento C.M., Fernandez F., Rivas M., Puente D., Kogevinas M., and Real F.X. P53 as a prognostic marker for bladder cancer: a meta-analysis and review. Lancet Oncol. 6 (2005) 678-686
72. Martin-Fontecha A., Sebastiani S., Hopken U.E., Uguccioni M., Lipp M., Lanzavecchia A., and Sallusto F. Regulation of dendritic cell migration to the draining lymph node: impact on T lymphocyte traffic and priming. J. Exp. Med. 198 (2003) 615-621
73. Martinez-Piñeiro J.A. BCG for superficial bladder cancer. Eur. Urol. 21 suppl.2 (1992) 1
74. Masihi K.N. Immunomodulators in infectious diseases: panoply of possibilites. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 22 (2000) 1083-1091
75. Matsumoto N., Oida H., Aze Y., Akimoto A., and Fujita T. Intratumoral tumor necrosis factor induction and tumor growth suppression by ONO-4007, a low-toxicity lipid A analog. Anticancer Res. 18 (1998) 4283-4289
76. Matsumoto N., Aze Y., Akimoto A., and Fujita T. ONO-4007, an antitumor lipid A analog, induces tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by human monocytes only under primed state: different effects of ONO-4007 and lipopolysaccharide on cytokine production. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 284 (1998) 189-195
77. Matsushita K., Kobayashi M., Totsuka Y., and Hosokawa M. ONO-4007 induces specific anti-tumor immunity mediated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Anticancer Drugs 9 (1998) 273-282
78. Matsushita K., Kuramitsu Y., Ohiro Y., Kobayashi I., Watanabe T., Kobayashi M., and Hosokawa M. ONO-4007, a synthetic lipid A analog, induces Th1-type immune response in tumor eradication and restores nitric oxide production by peritoneal macrophages. Int. J. Oncol. 23 (2003) 489-493
79. McLaughlin C.A., Schwartzman S.M., Horner B.L., Jones G.H., Moffatt J.G., Nestor J.J., and Tegg D. Regression of tumors in guinea pigs after treatment with synthetic muramyl dipeptides and trehalose dimycolate. Science 208 (1980) 415-416
80. Meraldi V., Audran R., Romero J.F., Brossard V., Bauer J., López J.A., and Corradin G. OM-174, a new adjuvant with a potential for human use, induces a protective response when administered with the synthetic C-terminal fragment 242-310 from the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium berghei. Vaccine 21 (2003) 2485-2491
81. Mocellin S., Marincola F., Rossi C.R., Nitti D., and Lise M. The multifaceted relationship between IL-10 and adaptive immunity: putting together the pieces of a puzzle. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 15 (2004) 61-76
82. Mocellin S., Rossi C.R., Pilati P., and Nitti D. Tumor necrosis factor, cancer and anticancer therapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 16 (2005) 35-53
83. Moynagh P.N. TLR signalling and activation of IRFs: revisiting old friends from the NF-kappaB pathway. Trends Immunol. 26 (2005) 469-476
84. Morales A., Eidinger D., and Bruce A.W. Intracavitary bacillus Calmette-Guérin in the treatment of superficial bladder tumors. J. Urol. 116 (1976) 180-183
85. Mortensen K., Christensen I.J., Nielsen H.J., Hansen U., and Larsson L.I. High expression of endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase in peritumoral microvessels predicts increased disease-free survival in colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett. 216 (2004) 109-114
86. Munro A.J., Lain S., and Lane D.P. P53 abnormalities and outcomes in colorectal cancer: a systematic review. Br. J. Cancer 92 (2005) 434-444
87. Nakamura S., Kato A., Masegi T., Fukuoka M., Kita K., Ogawa H., Ichikaw Y., Maeda M., Watanabe N., Kohgo Y., and Niitsu Y. A novel recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha mutant with increased anti-tumor activity and lower toxicity. Int. J. Cancer 48 (1991) 744-748
88. Nakatsuka M., Kumazawa Y., Homma J.Y., Kiso M., and Hasegawa A. Inhibition in mice of experimental metastasis of B16 melanoma by the synthetic lipid A-subunit analogue GLA-60. Intl. J. Immunopharmacol. 13 (1991) 11-19
89. Namba K., Yamamura E., Nitanai H., Otani T., and Azumat I. Romurtide, a synthetic muramyl dipeptide derivative, promotes megakaryocytopoiesis through stimulation of cytokine production in nonhuman primates with myelosuppression. Vaccine 15 (1997) 405-413
90. Nicoletti F., Mancuso G., Ciliberti F.A., Beninati C., Carbone M., Franco S., and Cusumano V. Endotoxin-induced lethality in neonatal mice is counteracted by interleukin-10 (IL-10) and exacerbated by anti-IL-10. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 4 (1997) 607-610
91. Nooteboom A., Van Der Linden C.J., and Hendriks T. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta mediate endothelial permeability induced by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated whole blood. Crit. Care Med. 30 (2002) 2063-2068
92. Okutomi T., Inagawa H., Nishizawa T., Oshima H., Som G., and Mizuno D. Priming effect of orally administered muramyl dipeptide on inductio of endogenous tumor necrosis factor. J. Biol. Response Modif. 9 (1990) 564-569
93. O'Neill B.B., and Glasky A.J. Imunovir in the treatment of immunodepression of diverse etiology. Cancer Detect. Prev., Suppl. 1 (1987) 329-331
94. Onier N., Hilpert S., Reveneau S., Arnould L., Saint-Giorgio V., Exbrayat J.M., and Jeannin J.F. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in tumors in relation with their regression induced by lipid A in rats. Int. J. Cancer 81 (1999) 755-760
95. Onier N., Hilpert S., Arnould L., Saint-Giorgio V., Davies J.G., Bauer J., and Jeannin J.F. Cure of colon cancer metastasis in rats with the new lipid A OM 174. Apoptosis of tumour cells and immunization of rats. Clin. Exp. Metastasis 17 (1999) 299-306
96. Paczesny S., Ueno H., Fay J., Banchereau J., and Palucka A.K. Dendritic cells as vectors for immunotherapy of cancer. Semin. Cancer Biol. 13 (2003) 439-447
97. Pajak B., Garze V., Davies G., Bauer J., Moser M., and Chiavaroli C. The adjuvant OM-174 induces both the migration and maturation of murine dendritic cells in vivo. Vaccine 14 (2003) 836-842
98. Pajkrt D., van der Poll T., Levi M., Cutler D.L., Affrime M.B., van den Ende A., ten Cate J.W., and van Deventer S.J.H. Interleukin-10 inhibits activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis during human endotoxemia. Blood 89 (1997) 2701-2705
99. Perera P.Y., Manthey C.L., Stutz P.L., Hildebrandt J., and Vogel S.N. Induction of early gene expression in murine macrophages by synthetic lipid A analogs with differing endotoxic potentials. Infect. Immun. 61 (1993) 2015-2023
100. Pink J.R., and Kieny M.P. 4th Meeting on novel adjuvants currently in/close to human clinical testing. World Health Organization. Fondation Mérieux, Annecy, France, 23-25 June 2003. Vaccine 22 (2004) 2097-2102
101. Qi K., Qiu H., Rutherford J., Zhao Y., Nance D.M., and Orr F.W. Direct visualization of nitric oxide release by liver cells after the arrest of metastatic tumor cells in the hepatic microvasculature. J. Surg. Res. 119 (2004) 29-35
102. Ramani M., Ollivier V., Khechai F., Vu T., Ternisien C., Bridey F., and de Prost D. Interleukin-10 inhibits endotoxin-induced tissue factor mRNA production by human monocytes. FEBS Lett. 334 (1993) 114
103. Re F., and Strominger J.L. Heterogeneity of TLR-induced responses in dendritic cells: from innate to adaptive immunity. Immunobiology 209 (2004) 191-198
104. Re F., and Strominger J.L. IL-10 released by concomitant TLR2 stimulation blocks the induction of a subset of Th1 cytokines that are specifically induced by TLR4 or TLR3 in human dendritic cells. J. Immunol. 173 (2004) 7548-7555
105. Reisser D., Pance A., and Jeannin J.F. Mechanisms of the antitumoral effect of lipid A. Bioessays 24 (2002) 284-289
106. Ribi E.E., Cantrell J.L., Von Eschen K.B., and Schwartzman S.M. Enhancement of endotoxic shock by N-acetylmuramyl-l-alanyl-(l-seryl)-d-isoglutamine (muramyl dipeptide). Cancer Res. 39 (1979) 4756-4759
107. Rinehart J., Keville L., Neidhart J., Wong L., DiNunno L., Kinney P., Aberle M., Tadlock L., and Cloud G. Hematopoietic protection by dexamethasone or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in patients treated with carboplatin and ifosfamide. Am. J. Clin. Oncol. 26 (2003) 448-458
108. Ruegg C., Yilmaz A., Bieler G., Bamat J., Chaubert P., and Lejeune F.J. Evidence for the involvement of endothelial cell integrin alphaVbeta3 in the disruption of the tumor vasculature induced by TNF and IFN-gamma. Nat. Med. 4 (1998) 408-414
109. Sallusto F., Schaerli P., Loetscher P., Schaniel C., Lenig D., Mackay C.R., Qin S., and Lanzavecchia A. Rapid and coordinated switch in chemokine receptor expression during dendritic cell maturation. Eur. J. Immunol. 28 (1998) 2760-2769
110. Samsom J., Kraal G., Lauener R., Chiavaroli C., Bauer J., and Davies W. The novel adjuvant OM-174 activates murine bone marrow dendritic cells through TLR-4 and can also signal through human TLR2. The 5th Annual Conference on Vaccine Research. Baltimore May 6-8, 2002 (2002)
111. Sasagawa T., Hlaing M., and Akaike T. Synergistic induction of apoptosis in murine hepatoma Hepa1-6 cells by IFN-γ and TNF-α. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 272 (2000) 674-680
112. Sato K., Saiki I., Yoo Y.C., Igarashi Y., Kiso M., Hasegawa A., and Azuma I. DT-5461, a new synthetic lipid A analogue, inhibits lung and liver metastasis of tumor in mice. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 83 (1992) 1081-1087
113. Sato K., Yoo Y.C., Fukushima A., Saiki I., Takahashi T.A., Fujihara M., Tono-Oka S., and Azuma I. A novel synthetic lipid A analog with low endotoxicity, DT-5461, prevents lethal endotoxemia. Infect. Immun. 63 (1995) 2859-2866
114. Sato K., Yoo Y.C., Mochizuki M., Saiki I., Takahashi T.A., and Azuma I. Inhibition of tumor-induced angiogenesis by a synthetic lipid A analogue with low endotoxicity, DT-5461. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 836 (1995) 374-382
115. Schneider C., Schmidt T., Ziske C., Tiemann K., Lee K.M., Uhlinsky V., Behrens P., Sauerbruch T., Schmidt-Wolf I.G., Muhlradt P.F., Schmidt J., and Marten A. Tumour suppression induced by the macrophage activating lipopeptide MALP-2 in an ultrasound guided pancreatic carcinoma mouse model. Gut 53 (2004) 355-361
116. Shear M.J., and Turner F.C. Chemical treatment of tumor: V. Isolation of the hemorrhage-producing fraction from Serratia marcescens (Bacillus prodigiosus) culture filtrate. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 4 (1943) 81-97
117. Sheridan J.W., and Metcalf D. Studies on the bone marrow colony stimulating factor (CSF): relation of tissue CSF to serum CSF. J. Cell. Physiol. 80 (1972) 129-140
118. Shetty M.R. Transient tumor marker surge following chemotherapy of testis tumors. Cancer Treat. Rep. 71 (1987) 785
119. Siegel P.M., and Massague J. Cytostatic and apoptotic actions of TGF-beta in homeostasis and cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer 3 (2003) 807-821
120. Sørbye H., and Dahl O. Carcinoembryonic antigen surge in metastatic colorectal cancer patients responding to oxaliplatin combination chemotherapy: implications for tumor marker monitoring and guidelines. J. Clin. Oncol. 21 (2003) 4466-4467
121. Stoelcker B., Ruhland B., Hehlgans T., Bluethmann H., Luther T., and Mannel D.N. Tumor necrosis factor induces tumor necrosis via tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-expressing endothelial cells of the tumor vasculature. Am. J. Pathol. 156 (2000) 1171-1176
122. Suffredini A.F., Harpel P.C., and Parillo J.E. Promotion and subsequent inhibition of plasminogen activator after administration of intravenous endotoxin to normal subjects. N. Engl. J. Med. 320 (1989) 1165
123. Takayama K., Ribi E., and Cantrell J.L. Isolation of a nontoxic lipid A fraction containing tumor regression activity. Cancer Res. 41 (1981) 2654-2657
124. Takeda K., and Akira S. TLR signaling pathways. Semin. Immunol. 16 (2004) 3-9
125. Takiguchi K., Nakamoto T., Inagawa H., Kohchi C., Nishizawa T., Nagasue N., and Soma G. Profile of cytokines produced in tumor tissue after administration of cyclophosphamide in a combination therapy with tumor necrosis factor. Anticancer Res. 24 (2004) 1823-1828
126. ten Hagen T.L., Eggermont A.M., and Lejeune F.J. TNF is here to stay-revisited. Trends Immunol. 22 (2001) 127-129
127. Theoharides T.C., and Conti P. Mast cells: the Jekyll and Hyde of tumor growth. Trends Immunol. 25 (2004) 235-241
128. Tsuji S., Matsumoto M., Takeuchi O., Akira S., Azuma I., Hayashi A., Toyoshima K., and Seya T. Maturation of human dendritic cells by cell wall skeleton of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin: involvement of Toll-like receptors. Infect. Immun. 68 (2000) 6883-6890
129. Ueda H., and Yamazaki M. Induction of tumor necrosis factor-a in solid tumor regio by the orally administered synthetic muramyl dipeptide analogue, romurtide. Int. Immunopharmacol. 1 (2001) 97-104
130. Uehori J., Matsumoto M., Tsuji S., Akazawa T., Takeuchi O., Akira S., Kawata T., Azuma I., Toyoshima K., and Seya T. Simultaneous blocking of human Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 suppresses myeloid dendritic cell activation induced by mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin peptidoglycan. Infect. Immun. 71 (2003) 4238-4249
131. Umansky V., and Schirrmacher V. Nitric oxide-induced apoptosis in tumor cells. Adv. Cancer Res. 82 (2001) 107-131
132. Van den Berge D.L., De Ridder M., Verovski V.N., Janssens M.Y., Monsaert C., and Storme G.A. Chronic hypoxia modulates tumour cell radioresponse through cytokine-inducible nitric oxide synthase. Br. J. Cancer 84 (2001) 1122-1125
133. Van der Meijden A.P., and Sylvester R.J. BCG immunotherapy for superficial bladder cancer: an overview of the past, the present and the future. EAU Update Ser. 1 (2003) 80-86
134. Varadaradjalou S., Feger F., Thieblemont N., Hamouda N.B., Pleau J.M., Dy M., and Arock M. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 differentially activate human mast cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 33 (2003) 899-906
135. Vermorken J.B., Claessen A.M., van Tinteren H., Gall H.E., Eziga R., Meijer S., Scheper R.J., Meijer C.J.L.M., Biomena E., Ransom J.H., Hanna M.G., and Pinedo H.M. Active specific immunotherapy for stage II and stage III human colon cancer: a randomised trial. Lancet 353 (1999) 345-350
136. Vuckovic-Dekic L.J., Susnjar S., Stanojevic-Bakic N., Rajner L., and Frim O. The protective activity of Thymex L against radiotherapeutically-induced cellular immunodepression in lung cancer patients. Neoplasma 39 (1992) 171-176
137. Wajant H., Gerspach J., and Pfizenm K. Tumor therapeutics by design: targeting and activation of death receptors. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 16 (2005) 55-76
138. Wang H.H., McIntosh A.R., Hasinoff B.B., Rector E.S., Ahmed N., Nance D.M., and Orr F.W. B16 melanoma cell arrest in the mouse liver induces nitric oxide release and sinusoidal cytotoxicity: a natural hepatic defense against metastasis. Cancer Res. 60 (2000) 5862-5869
139. Weidner N., Semple J.P., Welch W.R., and Folkman J. Tumor angiogenesis and metastasis-correlation in invasive breast carcinoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 324 (1991) 1-8
140. Weisenthal L.M., Dill P.L., and Pearson F.C. Effect of prior cancer chemotherapy on human tumor-specific cytotoxicity in vitro in response to immunopotentiating biologic response modifiers. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 83 (1991) 37-42
141. Wiemannn B., and Starnes C.O. Coley's next term toxins, tumor necrosis factor and cancer research: a historical perspective. Pharmacol. Ther. 64 (1994) 529-564
142. Wilson E.H., Dzierszinski W.U., and Hunter C.A. A critical role for IL-10 in limiting inflammation during toxoplasmic encephalitis. J. Neuroimmunol. 165 (2005) 63-74
143. Xie K., and Huang S. Contribution of nitric oxide-mediated apoptosis to cancer metastasis inefficiency. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 34 (2003) 969-986
144. Yang S., and Haluska F.G. Treatment of melanoma with 5-fluorouracil or dacarbazine in vitro sensitizes cells to antigen-specific CTL Lysis through perforin/granzyme- and Fas-mediated pathways. J. Immunol. 172 (2004) 4599-4608
145. Yang D., Satoh M., Ueda H., Tsukagoshi S., and Yamazaki M. Activation of tumor-infiltrating macrophages by a synthetic lipid A analog (ONO-4007) and its implication in antitumor effects. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 38 (1994) 287-293
146. Yoshida H. Establishment and characterization of rat myelomonocytic leukemia clones undergoing differentiation or apoptosis. Hokkaido Igaku Zasshi 75 (2000) 375-384
147. Yoshioka Y., Tsutsumi Y., Kamada H., Kihira T., Tsunoda S., Yamamoto Y., Okamoto T., Shibata H., Mukai Y., Taniai M., Shimizu T., Kawamura M., Abe Y., Nakagawa S., and Mayumi T. Selective enhancer of tumor vascular permeability for optimization of cancer chemotherapy. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 27 (2004) 437-439
148. Zhou Q., Hou M., Li L., Ren L., Qiu M., Yang Y., Huang W., Chen Z., Meng Z., Song M., Li M., Li E., Li Y., Yao Y., Zheng Z., Liu X., Zhang X., Lu H., Zhang M., Wang X., and Yu X. A multicenter randomized phase II trial of domestic product of nrhTNF in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Chin. J. Lung Cancer 6 (2003) 42-45
149. Zhou Q., Desta T., Fenton M., Graves D.T., and Amar S. Cytokine profiling of macrophages exposed to Porphyromonas gingivalis, its lipopolysaccharide, or its FimA protein. Infect. Immun. 73 (2005) 935-943