Sum Frequency Generation and Polarization-Modulation Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy of Functioning Model Catalysts from Ultrahigh Vacuum to Ambient Pressure

Advances in Catalysis

Volumn 51, Issue , 2007, Pages 133-263

  Rupprechter, Günther ^a  

^a VIENNA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Austria)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34047125997     PISSN: 03600564     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0360-0564(06)51004-1     Document Type: Review

References (540)

1. In: Ertl G., Knözinger H., and Weitkamp J. (Eds). Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis (1997), VCH, Weinheim
2. Ertl G., and Freund H.-J. Phys. Today 52 (1999) 32
3. Somorjai G.A. Introduction to Surface Chemistry and Catalysis (1994), Wiley, New York
4. Thomas J.M., and Thomas W.J. Principles and Practice of Heterogeneous Catalysis (1997), VCH, Weinheim
5. Chorkendorff I., and Niemantsverdriet J.W. Concepts of Modern Catalysis and Kinetics (2003), VCH, Weinheim
6. Schlögl R., and Abd Hamid S.B. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43 (2004) 1628
7. Banares M.A. Catal. Today 100 (2005) 71
8. Datye A.K., Hansen P.L., and Helveg S. Adv. Catal. 50 (2006) 77
9. Schlögl, R. et al., Adv. Catal., to be published.
10. Lopez-Cartes C., Perez-Omil J., Pintado J., Calvino J., Kang Z.C., and Eyring L. Ultramicroscopy 80 (1999) 19
11. Blanco G., Calvino J.J., Cauqui M.A., Corchado P., López-Cartes C., Colliex C., Pérez-Omil J.A., and Stephan O. Chem. Mater. 11 (1999) 3610
12. Rupprechter G., Calvino J.J., López-Cartes C., Fuchs M., Gatica J.M., Pérez-Omil J.A., Hayek K., and Bernal S. Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 130 (2000) 2021
13. Tauster S.J., Fung S.C., and Garten R.L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 100 (1978) 170
14. Hayek K., Fuchs M., Klötzer B., Reichl W., and Rupprechter G. Top. Catal. 13 (2000) 55
15. Rupprechter G., Seeber G., Goller H., and Hayek K. J. Catal. 186 (1999) 201
16. Sheppard N. Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 39 (1988) 589
17. Hoffmann F.M. Surf. Sci. Rep. 3 (1983) 103
18. Sheppard N., and De La Cruz C. Adv. Catal. 41 (1996) 1
19. Sheppard N., and De La Cruz C. Adv. Catal. 42 (1998) 181
20. Schwab G.M., and Schultes H. Z. Phys. Chem. B 9 (1930) 265
21. Boudart M., Aldag A., Benson J.E., Dougharty N.A., and Harkins C.G. J. Catal. 6 (1966) 92
22. van Hardeveld R., and van Montfoort A. Surf. Sci. 4 (1966) 396
23. Schwab G.-M. Adv. Catal. 27 (1978) 1
24. Che M., and Bennet C.O. Adv. Catal. 36 (1989) 55
25. Doyle A.M., Rupprechter G., Pfänder N., Schlögl R., Kirschhock C.E.A., Martens J.A., and Freund H.-J. Chem. Phys. Lett. 382 (2003) 404
26. Lear T., Marshall R., Gibson E.K., Schütt T., Klapötke T.M., Rupprechter G., Freund H.-J., Winfield J.M., and Lennon D. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 7 (2005) 565
27. Lear T., Marshall R., Lopez-Sanchez J.A., Jackson S.D., Klapötke T.M., Bäumer M., Rupprechter G., Freund H.-J., and Lennon D. J. Chem. Phys. 123 (2005) 174706
28. Somorjai G.A. Surf. Sci. 299/300 (1994) 849
29. Ertl G. Surf. Sci. 299/300 (1994) 742
30. Ertl G., and Küppers J. Low Energy Electrons and Surface Chemistry (1985), VCR Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim
31. Walls, J.M., and Smith, R. (Eds)., "Surface Science Techniques," Special Issue of Vacuum, Pergamon, New York, 1994
32. Somorjai G.A., and Rupprechter G. J. Chem. Edu. 75 (1998) 161
33. Woodruff D.P., and Delchar T.A. Modern Techniques of Surface Science (1986), Cambridge University Press, New York
34. Freund H.-J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 36 (1997) 452
35. Somorjai G.A. Chem. Rev. 96 (1996) 1223
36. Madix R.J. Surf. Sci. 299/300 (1994) 785
37. Goodman D.W. Surf. Sci. 299/300 (1994) 837
38. Bradshaw A.M. Surf. Sci. 299/300 (1994) 49
39. Ibach H. Surf. Sci. 299/300 (1994) 116
40. Heinz K. Surf. Sci. 299/300 (1994) 433
41. Van Hove M.A., and Somorjai G.A. Surf. Sci. 299/300 (1994) 487
42. King D.A. Surf. Sci. 299/300 (1994) 678
43. Thomas, J.M., and Somorjai, G.A. (Eds.), Top. Catal. 8 (1999) (Special Issue on "In-Situ Characterization of Catalysts").
44. Schlögl, R., and Zecchina, A. (Eds.), Top. Catal. 15 (2001) (Special Issue on "In-Situ Characterization of Catalysts").
45. Somorjai G.A. Z. Phys. Chem. 197 (1996) 1
46. Somorjai G.A., and Rupprechter G. J. Phys. Chem. B 103 (1999) 1623
47. Somorjai G.A. Langmuir 7 (1991) 3176
48. Rupprechter G. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 3 (2001) 4621
49. Scheibe A., Günther S., and Imbihl R. Catal. Lett. 86 (2003) 33
50. Somorjai G.A. Nature 430 (2004) 730
51. Berkó A., Ménesi G., and Solymosi F. J. Phys. Chem. 100 (1996) 17732
52. Rupprechter G., and Freund H.-J. Top. Catal. 14 (2001) 3
53. Eppler A., Rupprechter G., Anderson E.A., and Somorjai G.A. J. Phys. Chem. B 104 (2000) 7286
54. Rupprechter G., Hayek K., and Hofmeister H. J. Catal. 173 (1998) 409
55. Stampfl C., and Scheffler M. Surf. Sci. 433-435 (1999) 119
56. Leisenberger F.P., Koller G., Sock M., Surnev S., Ramsey M.G., Netzer F.P., Klötzer B., and Hayek K. Surf. Sci. 445 (2000) 380
57. Over H., Kim Y.D., Seitsonen A.P., Wendt S., Lundgren E., Schmid M., Varga P., Morgante A., and Ertl G. Science 287 (2000) 1474
58. Lundgren E., Kresse G., Klein C., Borg M., Andersen J.N., De Santis M., Gauthier Y., Konvicka C., Schmid M., and Varga P. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 (2002) 246103
59. Reuter K., Frenkel D., and Scheffler M. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 (2004) 116105
60. Knop-Gericke A., Hävecker M., Schedel-Niedrig T., and Schlögl R. Top. Catal. 15 (2001) 27
61. Ketteler G., Ogletree D.F., Bluhm H., Liu H., Hebenstreit E.L.D., and Salmeron M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 (2005) 18269
62. Goodman D.W. Chem. Rev. 95 (1995) 523
63. Freund H.-J., Bäumer M., and Kuhlenbeck H. Adv. Catal. 45 (2000) 412
64. Davis S.M., Zaera F., and Somorjai G.A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104 (1982) 7453
65. Goodman D.W. Surf. Sci. 123 (1982) L679
66. Zhdanov V.P., and Kasemo B. J. Catal. 170 (1997) 377
67. Freund H.-J. Faraday Discuss. 114 (1999) 1
68. Morkel M., Rupprechter G., and Freund H.-J. Surf. Sci. Lett. 588 (2005) L209
69. Levin M.E., Williams K.J., Salmeron M., Bell A.T., and Somorjai G.A. Surf. Sci. 195 (1988) 2807
70. Henry C.R., Chapon C., Goyhenex C., and Monot R. Surf. Sci. 272 (1992) 283
71. Glassl H., Kramer R., and Hayek K. J. Catal. 68 (1981) 397
72. Hayek K. J. Mol. Catal. 51 (1989) 347
73. Bäumer M., Libuda L., Sandell A., Freund H.-J., Graw G., Bertrams T., and Neddermeyer H. Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 99 (1995) 1381
74. Rupprechter G., Hayek K., Rendón L., and José-Yacamán M. Thin Solid Films 260 (1995) 148
75. Gunter P.L.J., Niemantsverdriet J.W.H., Ribeiro F.H., and Somorjai G.A. Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng. 39 (1997) 77
76. Stone, P., Poulston, S., Bennett, R.A., and Bowker, M., Chem. Commun. 1369 (1998).
77. Henry C.R. Surf. Sci. Rep. 31 (1998) 235
78. Datye A.K. Top. Catal. 13 (2000) 131
79. Heiz U., and Schneider W. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 33 (2000) R85
80. Thüne P., Loos J., de Jong A., Lemstra P., and Niemantsverdriet J.W. Top. Catal. 13 (2000) 67
81. Campbell C.T., Grant A.W., Starr D.E., Parker S.C., and Bondzie V.A. Top. Catal. 14 (2001) 43
82. Goodman D.W. J. Catal. 216 (2003) 213
83. Freund H.-J., Bäumer M., Libuda J., Risse T., Rupprechter G., and Shaikhutdinov S. J. Catal. 216 (2003) 223
84. Rupprechter G. Annu. Rep. Progr. Chem, Sect. C 100 (2004) 237
85. Rose M.K., Borg A., Mitsui T., Ogletree D.F., and Salmeron M. J. Chem. Phys. 115 (2001) 10927
86. Rose M.K., Mitsui T., Dunphy J., Borg A., Ogletree D.F., Salmeron M., and Sautet P. Surf. Sci. 512 (2002) 48
87. Ribeiro F.H., Gerken C.A., Rupprechter G., Somorjai G.A., Kellner C.S., Coulston G.W., Manzer L.E., and Abrams L. J. Catal. 176 (1998) 352
88. Surnev S., Kresse G., Ramsey M.G., and Netzer F.P. Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001) 086102
89. Bonzel H.P., and Krebs H.J. Surf. Sci. 117 (1982) 639
90. Bonzel H.P. Surf. Sci. Rep. 8 (1987) 43
91. Nørskov J.K., Holloway S., and Lang N.D. Surf. Sci. 137 (1984) 65
92. Groß A. Appl. Phys. A 67 (1998) 627
93. Gravil P.A., and Toulhoat H. Surf. Sci. 430 (1999) 176
94. Morkel M., Kaichev V.V., Rupprechter G., Freund H.-J., Prosvirin I.P., and Bukhtiyarov V.I. J. Phys. Chem. B 108 (2004) 12955
95. Stolbov S., Mehmood F., Rahman T.S., Alatalo M., Makkonen I., and Salo P. Phys. Rev. B 70 (2004) 155410
96. Giorgio S., Henry C.R., Chapon C., Nihoul G., and Penisson J.M. Ultramicroscopy 38 (1991) 1
97. Heemeier M., Stempel S., Shaikhutdinov S., Libuda J., Bäumer M., Oldman R.J., Jackson S.D., and Freund H.-J. Surf. Sci. 523 (2003) 103
98. Rupprechter G., Morkel M., Freund H.-J., and Hirschl R. Surf. Sci. 554 (2004) 43
99. Rupprechter G., Seeber G., Hayek K., and Hofmeister H. Phys. Stat Sol. (a) 146 (1994) 449
100. Giorgio S., Henry C.R., and Chapon C. J. Cryst. Growth 100 (1990) 254
101. Bäumer M., and Freund H.-J. Prog. Surf. Sci. 61 (1999) 127
102. Schroeder T., Adelt M., Richter B., Naschitzki N., Bäumer M., and Freund H.-J. Surf. Rev. Lett. 7 (2000) 7
103. Chen M.S., Santra A.K., and Goodman D.W. Phys. Rev. B 69 (2004) 155404
104. Shaikhutdinov S., Heemeier M., Bäumer M., Lear T., Lennon D., Oldman R.J., Jackson S.D., and Freund H.-J. J. Catal. 200 (2001) 330
105. Bertarione S., Scarano D., Zecchina A., Johanek V., Hoffmann J., Schauermann S., Frank M., Libuda J., Rupprechter G., and Freund H.-J. J. Phys. Chem. B 108 (2004) 3603
106. Eppler A., Rupprechter G., Guczi L., and Somorjai G.A. J. Phys. Chem. B 101 (1997) 9973
107. Rupprechter G., Eppler A.S., Avoyan A., and Somorjai G.A. Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 130 (2000) 369
108. Bertarione S., Scarano D., Zecchina A., Johanek V., Hoffmann J., Schauermann S., Frank M., Libuda J., Rupprechter G., and Freund H.-J. J. Catal. 223 (2004) 64
109. Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 97 (3) (1993) (Special Issue on "In situ Investigations of Physico-Chemical Processes at Interfaces").
110. Somorjai G.A., and van Hove M.A. In: Dunitz J.D., Goodenough J.B., Hemmerich P., Albers J.A., Jørgensen C.K., Neilands J.B., Reinen D., and Williams R.J.P. (Eds). Structure and Bonding (1979), Springer, Berlin
111. Su X., Jensen J., Yang M.X., Salmeron M.B., Shen Y.R., and Somorjai G.A. Faraday Disc. Chem. Soc. 105 (1996) 263
112. Rupprechter G., Unterhalt H., Morkel M., Galletto P., Dellwig T., and Freund H.-J. Vacuum 71 (2003) 83
113. Galletto, P., Rodriguez de la Fuente, O., Borasio, M., Rupprechter, G., and Freund, H.-J., Proceedings of the European Conference on Catalysis, 2003.
114. Rodriguez de la Fuente, O., Borasio, M., Galletto, P., Rupprechter, G., and Freund, H.-J. Proceedings of the European Conference on Surface Science, Prague, Czech Republic, 2003.
115. Lauritsen J.V., and Besenbacher F. Adv. Catal. 50 (2006) 97
116. Bandara A., Dobashi S., Kubota J., Onda K., Wada A., Domen K., Hirose C., and Kano S. Surf. Sci. 387 (1997) 312
117. Härle H., Lehnert A., Metka U., Volpp H.R., Willms L., and Wolfrum J. Chem. Phys. Lett. 293 (1998) 26
118. Rupprechter G., Dellwig T., Unterhalt H., and Freund H.-J. Top. Catal. 15 (2001) 19
119. Dellwig T., Rupprechter G., Unterhalt H., and Freund H.-J. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (2000) 776
120. Rupprechter G., Unterhalt H., Morkel M., Galletto P., Hu L., and Freund H.-J. Surf. Sci. 502-503 (2002) 109
121. Morkel M., Unterhalt H., Salmeron M., Rupprechter G., and Freund H.-J. Surf. Sci. 532-535 (2003) 103
122. Shen Y.R. Surf. Sci. 299/300 (1994) 551
123. Hall R.B., Russell J.N., Miragliotta J., and Rabinowitz P.R. In: Vanselow R., and Howe R. (Eds). Chemistry and Physics of Solid Surfaces (Springer Series in Surface Science) (1990), Springer, Berlin 77-87
124. Somorjai G.A., and McCrea K.R. Adv. Catal. 45 (2000) 385
125. Metka U., Schweitzer M.G., Volpp H.R., Wolfrum J., and Warnatz J. Z. Phys. Chem. 214 (2000) 865
126. Tadjeddine A., Le Rille A., Pluchery O., Vidal F., Zheng W.Q., and Peremans A. Phys. Stat. Sol. (a) 175 (1999) 89
127. Williams C.T., and Beattie D.A. Surf. Sci. 500 (2002) 545
128. Cremer P.S., McIntyre B.J., Salmeron M., Shen Y.R., and Somorjai G.A. Catal. Lett. 34 (1995) 11
129. Klünker C., Balden M., Lehwald S., and Daum W. Surf. Sci. 360 (1996) 104
130. Su X., Cremer P.S., Shen Y.R., and Somorjai G.A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119 (1997) 3994
131. Härle H., Mendel K., Metka U., Volpp H.R., Willms L., and Wolfrum J. Chem. Phys. Lett. 279 (1997) 275
132. Baldelli S., Eppler A.S., Anderson E., Shen Y.R., and Somorjai G.A. J. Chem. Phys. 113 (2000) 5432
133. Richmond G.L. Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 52 (2001) 357
134. Eisenthal K.B. Chem. Rev. 96 (1996) 1343
135. Bonn M., Roke S., Berg O., Juurlink L.B.F., Stamouli A., and Müller M. J. Phys. Chem. B 108 (2004) 19083
136. Baldelli S. J. Phys. Chem. B 109 (2005) 13049
137. Shen Y.R. The Principles of Nonlinear Optics (1984), Wiley, New York
138. McCrea K.R., and Somorjai G.A. J. Mol. Catal. A 163 (2000) 43
139. Caudano Y., Peremans A., Thiry P.A., Dumas P., and Tadjeddine A. Surf. Sci. 368 (1996) 337
140. Williams C.T., Yang Y., and Bain C.D. Catal. Lett. 61 (1999) 7
141. Braun R., Casson B.D., Bain C.D., van der Ham E.W.M., Vrehen Q.H.F., Eliel E.R., Briggs A.M., and Davies P.B. J. Chem. Phys. 110 (1999) 4634
142. Lin S., Oldfield A., and Klenerman D. Surf. Sci. 464 (2000) 1
143. Härle H., Metka U., Volpp H.-R., and Wolfrum J. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 1 (1999) 5059
144. Buck M., and Himmelhaus M. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 19 (2001) 2717
145. Chen Z., Shen Y.-R., and Somorjai G.A. Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 53 (2002) 437
146. Richter L.T., Petrallimallow T.P., and Stephenson J.C. Opt. Lett. 23 (1998) 1594
147. Hess C., Wolf M., and Bonn M. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (2000) 4341
148. Bonn M., Hess C., Funk S., Miners J., Persson B.N.J., Wolf M., and Ertl G. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 (2000) 4653
149. Hunt J.H., Guyot-Sionnest P., and Shen Y.R. Chem. Phys. Lett. 133 (1987) 189
150. Galletto P., Unterhalt H., and Rupprechter G. Chem. Phys. Lett. 367 (2003) 785
151. Rupprechter G., Dellwig T., Unterhalt H., and Freund H.-J. J. Phys. Chem. B 105 (2001) 3797
152. Unterhalt H., Rupprechter G., and Freund H.-J. J. Phys. Chem. B 106 (2002) 356
153. Morkel M., Unterhalt H., Klüner T., Rupprechter G., and Freund H.-J. Surf. Sci. 586 (2005) 146
154. Guyot-Sionnest P. Surf. Sci. 585 (2005) 1
155. Lu G.Q., Lagutchev A., Dlott D.D., and Wieckowski A. Surf. Sci. 585 (2005) 3
156. Zhu X.D., Suhr H., and Shen Y.R. Phys. Rev. B 35 (1987) 3047
157. Hess C., Funk S., Bonn M., Denzler D.N., Wolf M., and Ertl G. Appl. Phys. A 71 (2000) 477
158. van der Ham E.W.M., Vrehen Q.H.F., and Eliel E.R. Surf. Sci. 368 (1996) 96
159. Ueba H. Prog. Surf. Sci. 55 (1997) 115
160. Kung K.Y., Chen P., Wei F., Rupprechter G., Shen Y.R., and Somorjai G.A. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72 (2001) 1806
161. Chabal Y. Surf. Sci. Rep. 8 (1988) 211
162. Knözinger, H., and Huber, S., J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans 94, 2047 (1998).
163. Hipps K.W., and Crosby G.A. J. Phys. Chem. 83 (1979) 555
164. Barner B.J., Green M.J., Saez E.I., and Corn R.M. Anal. Chem. 63 (1991)
165. Dunn D.S., Golden W.G., Severson M.W., and Overend J. J. Phys. Chem. 84 (1980) 336
166. Pfnür H., Menzel D., Hoffmann F.M., Ortega A., and Bradshaw A.M. Surf. Sci. 93 (1980) 431
167. Golden W.G., Saperstein D.D., Severson M.W., and Overend J. J. Phys. Chem. 88 (1984) 574
168. Beitel G.A., Laskov A., Oosterbeek H., and Kuipers E.W. J. Phys. Chem. 100 (1996) 12494
169. Beitel G.A., de Groot C.P.M., Osterbeek H., and Wilson J.H. J. Phys. Chem. B 101 (1997) 4035
170. Ozensoy E., Meier D., and Goodman D.W. J. Phys. Chem. B. 106 (2002) 9367
171. Rodríguez de la Fuente O., Borasio M., Galletto P., Rupprechter G., and Freund H.-J. Surf. Sci. 566-568 (2004) 740
172. Hess C., Ozensoy E., and Goodman D.W. J. Phys. Chem. B 107 (2003) 2759
173. Stacchiola D., Thompson A., Kaltchev G., and Tysoe W.T. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 20 (2002) 2101
174. Jugnet Y., Cadete Santos Aires F.J., Deranlot C., Piccolo L., and Bertolini J.C. Surf. Sci. 521 (2002) L639
175. Ozensoy E., and Goodman D.W. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 6 (2004) 3765
176. Andersen M., Johansson M., and Chorkendorff I. J. Phys. Chem. B 109 (2005) 10285
177. Borasio M., Rodríguez de la Fuente O., Rupprechter G., and Freund H.-J. J. Phys. Chem. B 109 (2005) 17791
178. Niemantsverdriet, J.W., "Spectroscopy in Catalysis." VCH, Weinheim, 1993.
179. Broden G., Pirug G., and Bonzel H. Chem. Phys. Lett. 51 (1977) 250
180. Broden G., Rhodin T.N., Bruckner C.F., Benbow R., and Hurych Z. Surf. Sci. 59 (1976) 593
181. Held G., Schuler J., Sklarek W., and Steinrück H.-P. Surf. Sci. 398 (1998) 154
182. Surnev S., Sock M., Ramsey M.G., Netzer F.P., Wiklund M., Borg M., and Andersen J.N. Surf. Sci. 470 (2000) 171
183. Kinne M., Fuhrmann T., Whelan C.M., Zhu J.F., Pantförder J., Probst M., Held G., Denecke R., and Steinrück H.-P. J. Chem. Phys. 117 (2002) 10852
184. Joyner R.W., and Roberts M.W. Chem. Phys. Lett. 60 (1979) 459
185. Joyner R.W., Roberts M.W., and Yates K. Surf. Sci. 87 (1979) 501
186. Au C.T., Carley A.F., and Roberts M.W. Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. 5 (1986) 57
187. Boronin A.I., Bukhtiyarov V.I., Vishnevskii A.L., Boreskov G.K., and Savchenko V.I. Surf. Sci. 201 (1988) 195
188. Ogletree D., Bluhm H., Lebedev G., Fadley C., Hussain Z., and Salmeron M. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73 (2002) 3872
189. Bluhm H., Hävecker M., Kleimenov E., Knop-Gericke A., Liskowski A., Schlögl R., and Su D.S. Top. Catal. 23 (2003) 99
190. Hävecker M., Mayer R.W., Knop-Gericke A., Bluhm H., Kleimenov E., Liskowski A., Su D.S., Follath R., Requejo F.G., Ogletree D.F., Salmeron M., Lopez-Sanchez J.A., Bartley J.K., Hutchings G.J., and Schlögl R. J. Phys. Chem. B 107 (2003) 4587
191. Borgmann, D., Pantförder, J., Pöllmann, S., Denecke, R., and Steinrück, H.-P., Proceedings of the 103rd Bunsen Conference, 2004, Dresden, Germany, p. 80.
192. Pantförder J., Pöllmann S., Zhu J.F., Borgmann D., Denecke R., and Steinrück H.-P. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76 (2005) 014102
193. Kaichev V.V., Sorokin A.M., Timoshin A.I., and Vovk E.I. Instrum. Exp. Tech. 45 (2002) 50
194. Bukhtiyarov V.I., Kaichev V.V., and Prosvirin I.P. Top. Catal. 32 (2005) 3
195. Whelan C.M., Neubauer R., Borgmann D., Denecke R., and Steinrück H.-P. J. Chem. Phys. 115 (2001) 8133
196. Somorjai G.A., and Van Hove M.A. In: Rossiter B.W., and Baetzold R.C. (Eds). Investigations of Surfaces and Interfaces-Part B (1993), Wiley, New York
197. Poppa H. Vacuum 34 (1984) 1081
198. Poppa H. Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng. 35 (1993) 359
199. Gießel T., Schaff O., Hirschmugl C.J., Fernandez V., Schindler K.M., Theobald A., Bao S., Lindsay R., Berndt W., Bradshaw A.M., Baddeley C., Lee A.F., Lambert R.M., and Woodruff D.P. Surf. Sci. 406 (1998) 90
200. Woodruff D.P., and Bradshaw A.M. Rep. Prog. Phys. 57 (1994) 1029
201. Binnig G., and Rohrer H. Rev. Mod. Phys. 59 (1987) 615
202. Binnig G., Quate C.F., and Gerber C. Phys. Rev. Lett. 56 (1986) 930
203. Mitsui T., Rose M.K., Fomin E., Ogletree D.F., and Salmeron M. Nature 422 (2003) 705
204. Österlund L., Rasmussen P.B., Thostrup P., Lægsgaard E., Stensgaard I., and Besenbacher F. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 (2001) 460
205. Besenbacher F. Rep. Prog. Phys. 59 (1996) 1737
206. Hansen K.H., Worren T., Stempel S., Lægsgaard E., Bäumer M., Freund H.-J., Besenbacher F., and Stensgaard I. Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 (1999) 4120
207. Dulub O., Hebenstreit W., and Diebold U. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 (2000) 3646
208. Wahlström E., Lopez N., Schaub R., Thostrup P., Rønnau A., Africh C., Lægsgaard E., Nørskov J.K., and Besenbacher F. Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 (2003) 026101
209. Hansen K.H., Sljivancanin Z., Lægsgaard E., Besenbacher F., and Stensgaard I. Surf. Sci. 505 (2002) 25
210. Kolmakov A., and Goodman D.W. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74 (2003) 2444
211. Datye A.K., and Smith D.J. Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng. 34 (1992) 129
212. Wintterlin J. Adv. Catal. 45 (2000) 131
213. Sachs C., Hildebrand M., Völkening S., Wintterlin J., and Ertl G. Science 293 (2001) 1635
214. Schaub R., Wahlström E., Rønnau A., Lægsgaard E., Stensgaard I., and Besenbacher F. Science 299 (2003) 377
215. Kulawik M., Nilius N., Rust H.-P., and Freund H.-J. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 (2003) 256101
216. McIntyre B.J., Salmeron M., and Somorjai G.A. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 11 (1993) 1964
217. McIntyre B.J., Salmeron M.B., and Somorjai G.A. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64 (1993) 687
218. Jensen J.A., Rider K.B., Chen Y., Salmeron M., and Somorjai G.A. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 17 (1999) 1080
219. Cernota P., Rider K., Yoon H.A., Salmeron M., and Somorjai G.A. Surf. Sci. 445 (2000) 249
220. Lægsgaard E., österlund L., Thostrup P., Rasmussen P.B., Stensgaard I., and Besenbacher F. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72 (2001) 3537
221. Hendriksen B.L.M., and Frenken J.W.M. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (2002) 046101
222. Thostrup P., Kruse Vestergaard E., An T., Lægsgaard E., and Besenbacher F. J. Chem. Phys. 118 (2003) 3724
223. Ho W. J. Chem. Phys. 117 (2002) 11033
224. Stipe B.C., Rezaei M.A., and Ho W. Science 280 (1998) 1732
225. Nilius N., Wallis T.M., and Ho W. Science 297 (2002) 5588
226. Datye A.K. J. Catal. 216 (2003) 144
227. Henry C.R. Prog. Surf. Sci. 80 (2005) 92
228. Schmidt L.D., and Krause K.R. Catal. Today 12 (1992) 1035
229. Burkhardt J., and Schmidt L.D. J. Catal. 116 (1989) 240
230. Giorgio S., Henry C.R., Chapon C., and Roucau C. J. Catal. 148 (1994) 534
231. José-Yacamán M., Díaz G., and Gómez A. Catal. Today 23 (1995) 161
232. Jefferson D.A., and Harris P.J.F. Nature 185 (1987) L459
233. Jefferson D.A., and Harris P.J.F. Nature 332 (1988) 617
234. Harris P.J.F. J. Catal. 97 (1986) 527
235. Bernal S., Botana F.J., Calvino J.J., Lopez-Cartes C., Perez-Omil J.A., and Rodriguez-Izquierdo J.M. Ultramicroscopy 72 (1998) 135
236. Bernal S., Calvino J.J., López-Cartes C., Pintado J.M., Pérez-Omil J.A., Rodríguez-Izquierdo J.M., Hayek K., and Rupprechter G. Catal. Today 52 (1999) 29
237. Sushumna I., and Ruckenstein E. J. Catal. 108 (1987) 77
238. Ramachandran A.S., Anderson S.L., and Datye A.K. Ultramicroscopy 51 (1993) 282
239. Boyes E., and Gai P. Ultramicroscopy 67 (1997) 219
240. Gai P. Top. Catal. 8 (1999) 97
241. Hansen P., Wagner J., Helveg S., Rostrup-Nielsen J., Clausen B., and Topsøe H. Science 295 (2002) 2053
242. Hansen T., Wagner J., Hansen P., Dahl S., Topsøe H., and Jacobsen C. Science 294 (2001) 1508
243. Thomas J.M., and Gai P.L. Adv. Catal. 48 (2004) 171
244. Wagner J.B., Hansen P.L., Molenbroek A.M., Topsøe H., Clausen B.S., and Helveg S. J. Phys. Chem. B. 107 (2003) 7753
245. Lopez-Cartes, C., Bernal, S., Calvino, J., Cauqui, M., Blanco, G., Perez-Omil, J., Pintado, J., Helveg, S., and Hansel, P., Chem. Commun. 644 (2003).
246. Giorgio, S., Joao, S.S., Nitsche, S., Chaudanson, D., Sitja, G., and Henry, C.R., Ultramicroscopy 106, 503 (2006).
247. Penner S., Wang D., Su D.S., Rupprechter G., Podloucky R., Schlögl R., and Hayek K. Surf. Sci. 532-535 (2003) 276
248. Wang D., Penner S., Su D.S., Rupprechter G., Hayek K., and Schlögl R. J. Catal. 219 (2003) 434
249. Chinchen C., Denny P.J., Jennings J.R., Spencer M.S., and Waugh K.C. Appl. Catal. 36 (1988) 1
250. Schulz H. Appl. Catal. A: General 186 (1999) 3
251. Gruber H.L. J. Phys. Chem. 66 (1962) 48
252. Lundgren E., Gustafson J., Mikkelsen A., Andersen J.N., Stierle A., Dosch H., Todorova M., Rogal J., Reuter K., and Scheffler M. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 (2004) 046101
253. Kaichev V.V., Prosvirin I.P., Bukhtiyarov V.I., Unterhalt H., Rupprechter G., and Freund H.-J. J. Phys. Chem. B. 107 (2003) 3522
254. Frank M., and Bäumer M. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2 (2000) 3723
255. Noordermeer A., Kok G.A., and Nieuwenhuys B.E. Surf. Sci. 172 (1986) 349
256. Guo X., and Yates J.T. J. Chem. Phys. 90 (1989) 6761
257. Biberian J.P., and Van Hove M.A. Surf. Sci. 118 (1982) 443
258. Conrad H., Ertl G., and Küppers J. Surf. Sci. 76 (1978) 323
259. Ohtani H., Van Hove M.A., and Somorjai G.A. Surf. Sci. 187 (1987) 372
260. Tüshaus M., Berndt W., Conrad H., Bradshaw A.M., and Persson B. Appl. Phys. A 51 (1990) 91
261. Bradshaw A.M., and Hoffmann F.M. Surf. Sci. 72 (1978) 513
262. Zasada I., and Van Hove M.A. Surf. Sci. Lett. 457 (2000) L421
263. Gelin P., Siedle A.R., and Yates J.T. J. Phys. Chem. 88 (1984) 2978
264. Kuhn W.K., Szanyi J., and Goodman D.W. Surf. Sci. Lett. 274 (1992) L611
265. Bourguignon B., Carrez S., Dragnea B., and Dubost H. Surf. Sci. 418 (1998) 171
266. Sautet P., Rose M.K., Dunphy J.C., Behler S., and Salmeron M. Surf. Sci. 453 (2000) 25
267. Loffreda D., Simon D., and Sautet P. Surf. Sci. 425 (1999) 68
268. Hammer B., Morikawa Y., and Nørskov J.K. Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 (1996) 2141
269. Honkala K., Pirila P., and Laasonen K. Surf. Sci. 489 (2001) 72
270. Hirschl R., and Hafner J. Surf. Sci. 498 (2002) 37
271. Klüner T., Govind N., Wang Y.A., and Carter E.A. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 (2001) 5954
272. Klüner T., Govind N., Wang Y.A., and Carter E.A. J. Chem. Phys. 116 (2001) 42
273. Morkel M., Rupprechter G., and Freund H.-J. J. Chem. Phys. 119 (2003) 10853
274. Kaichev V.V., Morkel M., Unterhalt H., Prosvirin I.P., Bukhtiyarov V.I., Rupprechter G., and Freund H.-J. Surf. Sci. 566-568 (2004) 1024
275. Hollins P. Surf. Sci. Rep. 16 (1992) 51
276. Eichler A. Surf. Sci. 526 (2003) 332
277. Baldelli S., Markovic N., Ross P., Shen Y.R., and Somorjai G.A. J. Phys. Chem. B 103 (1999) 8920
278. Backus E.H.G., and Bonn M. Chem. Phys. Lett. 412 (2005) 152
279. McCrea K., Parker J.S., Chen P., and Somorjai G.A. Surf. Sci. 494 (2001) 238
280. Szanyi J., Kuhn W.K., and Goodman D.W. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 11 (1993) 1969
281. Behm R.J., Christmann K., and Ertl G. J. Chem. Phys. 73 (1980) 2984
282. Evans J., Hayden B.E., and Lu G. Surf. Sci. 360 (1996) 61
283. Raval R., Haq S., Harrison M.A., Blyholder G., and King D.A. Chem. Phys. Lett. 167 (1990) 391
284. Cabilla G.C., Bonivardi A.L., and Baltanas M.A. Catal. Lett. 55 (1998) 147
285. Wolter K., Seiferth O., Kuhlenbeck H., Bäumer M., and Freund H.-J. Surf. Sci. 399 (1998) 190
286. Rainer D.R., Wu M.-C., Mahon D.I., and Goodman D.W. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 14 (1996) 1184
287. Brandt R.K., Hughes M.R., Bourget L.P., Truszkowska K., and Greenler R.G. Surf. Sci. 286 (1993) 15
288. Wang H., Tobin R.G., Lambert D.K., Fisher G.B., and DiMaggio C.L. Surf. Sci. 330 (1995) 173
289. Dellwig T., Hartmann J., Libuda J., Meusel I., Rupprechter G., Unterhalt H., and Freund H.-J. J. Mol. Catal. A 162 (2000) 51
290. Libuda J., Winkelmann F., Bäumer M., Freund H.-J., Bertrams T., Neddermeyer H., and Müller K. Surf. Sci. 318 (1994) 61
291. Libuda J., Frank M., Sandell A., Andersson S., Brühwiler P.A., Bäumer M., Martensson N., and Freund H.-J. Surf. Sci. 384 (1997) 106
292. Stierle A., Renner F., Streitel R., Dosch H., Drube W., and Cowie B.C. Science 303 (2004) 1652
293. Kresse G., Schmid M., Napetschnig E., Shishkin M., Köhler L., and Varga P. Science 308 (2005) 1440
294. Shaikhutdinov S., Heemeier M., Hoffmann J., Meusel I., Richter B., Bäumer M., Kuhlenbeck H., Libuda J., Freund H.-J., Oldman R., Jackson S.D., Konvicka C., Schmid M., and Varga P. Surf. Sci. 501 (2002) 270
295. Hayek K., Kramer R., and Paal Z. Appl. Catal. A 162 (1997) 1
296. Unterhalt, H., Ph.D. thesis, Free University Berlin, 2002.
297. Rupprechter, G., Unterhalt, H., Borasio, M., Morkel, M., and Freund, H.-J., Annual Reports of the Max Planck Society (Jahrbuch), p. 193, 2005.
298. Knab D., and Koenig C. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 2 (1990) 465
299. Potterton E.A., and Bain C.D. J. Electroanal. Chem. 409 (1996) 109
300. Humbert C., Dreesen L., Mani A.A., Caudano Y., Lemaire J.-J., Thiery P.A., and Peremans A. Surf. Sci. 502-503 (2002) 203
301. Fano U. Phys. Rev. 124 (1961) 1866
302. Fano U., and Cooper J.W. Phys. Rev. 137 (1965) 1364
303. Yudanov I.V., Sahnoun R., Neyman K.M., Rösch N., Hoffmann J., Schauermann S., Johánek V., Unterhalt H., Rupprechter G., Libuda L., and Freund H.-J. J. Phys. Chem. B 107 (2003) 255
304. Risse T., Carlsson A., Bäumer M., Klüner T., and Freund H.-J. Surf. Sci. 546 (2003) L829
305. Rainer D.R., Xu C., Holmblad P.M., and Goodman D.W. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 15 (1997) 1653
306. Ozensoy E., Min B.K., Santra A.K., and Goodman D. J. Phys. Chem. B 108 (2004) 4351
307. Borasio, M., Rupprechter, G., and Freund, H.-J., unpublished results.
308. Gotti A., and Prins R. J. Catal. 175 (1998) 302
309. Beck, W., Klapötke, T.M., Knizek, J., Nöth, H., and Schütt, T., Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 523 (1999).
310. Conrad H., Ertl G., Koch J., and Latta E.E. Surf. Sci. 43 (1974) 462
311. Weissman D.L., Shek M.L., and Spicer W.E. Surf. Sci. 92 (1980) L59
312. Stara I., and Matolin V. Surf. Sci. 313 (1994) 99
313. Kung K.Y., Chen P., Wei F., Shen Y.R., and Somorjai G.A. Surf. Sci. Lett. 463 (2000) L627
314. Pery, T., Schweitzer, M.G., Volpp, H.-R., Wolfrum, J., Ciossu, L., Deutschmann, O., and Warnatz, J. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, The Combustion Institute, 2002, p. 973.
315. Doering D.L., Poppa H., and Dickinson J.T. J. Catal. 73 (1982) 104
316. Matolin V., and Gillet E. Surf. Sci. 238 (1990) 75
317. Matolin V., Rebholz M., and Kruse N. Surf. Sci. 245 (1991) 233
318. Matolín V., Stará I., Tsud N., and Johánek V. Prog. Surf. Sci. 67 (2001) 167
319. Cordatos H., Bunluesin T., and Gorte R.J. Surf. Sci. 323 (1995) 219
320. Schauermann S., Hoffmann J., Johánek V., Hartmann J., Libuda J., and Freund H.-J. Catal. Lett. 84 (2002) 209
321. Neurock M. Top. Catal. 9 (1999) 135
322. Nørskov J.K., Bligaard T., Logadottir A., Bahn S., Hansen L.B., Bollinger M., Bengaard H., Hammer B., Sljivancanin Z., Mavrikakis M., Xu Y., Dahl S., and Jacobsen C.J.H. J. Catal. 209 (2002) 275
323. Michaelides A., Liu Z.-P., Zhang C.J., Alavi A., King D.A., and Hu P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 (2003) 3704
324. Rupprechter G., Kaichev V.V., Morkel M., Unterhalt H., and Bukhtiyarov V.I. Appl. Surf. Sci. 235 (2004) 26
325. Denecke R., Kinne M., Whelan C.M., and Steinrück H.-P. Surf. Rev. Lett. 9 (2002) 797
326. Barber M., Connor J.A., Guest M.F., Hall M.B., Hillier I.H., and Meredith W.N.E. Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc. 54 (1972) 219
327. Plummer E.W., and Eberhardt W. Adv. Chem. Phys. 49 (1982) 533
328. Föhlisch A., Nyberg M., Hasselström J., Karis O., Pettersson L.G.M., and Nilsson A. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (2000) 3309
329. deKoster A., Jansen A.P.J., and van Santen R.A. Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc. 87 (1989) 263
330. Moon D.W., Cameron S., Zaera F., Eberhardt W., Carr R., Bernasek S.L., Gland J.L., and Dwyer D.J. Surf. Sci. 180 (1987) L123
331. Shinn N.D., and Madey T.E. J. Chem. Phys. 83 (1985) 5928
332. Anderson A.B., and Dowd D.Q. J. Phys. Chem. 91 (1987) 869
333. Matolin V., Gillet E., and Kruse N. Surf. Sci. 186 (1987) L541
334. Christmann K. Surf. Sci. Rep. 9 (1988) 1
335. Christmann K. Prog. Surf. Sci. 48 (1995) 15
336. White J.M., and Akther S. CRC Crit. Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci. 14 (1988) 131
337. Doyle A., Shaikhutdinov S., Jackson S.D., and Freund H.-J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 42 (2003) 5240
338. Muschiol U., Schmidt P.K., and Christmann K. Surf. Sci. 395 (1998) 182
339. Wilde M., Matsumoto M., Fukutani K., and Aruga T. Surf. Sci. 482 (2001) 346
340. Gdowski G.E., Felter T.E., and Stulen R.H. Surf. Sci. 181 (1987) L147
341. Christmann K., Chehab F., Penka V., and Ertl G. Surf. Sci. 152/153 (1985) 356
342. Falconer J.L., and Madix R.J. Surf. Sci. 46 (1974) 473
343. Okuyama H., Siga W., Takagi N., Nishijima M., and Aruga T. Surf. Sci. 401 (1998) 344
344. Behm R.J., Penka V., Cattania M.-G., Christmann K., and Ertl G. J. Chem. Phys. 78 (1983) 7486
345. Farias D., Schilbe P., Patting M., and Rieder K.H. J. Chem. Phys. 110 (1999) 559
346. Twigg M.V. Catalyst Handbook (1989), Wolfe Publishing Ltd, London
347. Ackermann M., Robach O., Walker C., Quiros C., Isern H., and Ferrer S. Surf. Sci. 557 (2004) 21
348. Gusovius A.F., Watling T.C., and Prins R. Appl. Catal. A 188 (1999) 187
349. Conrad H., Ertl G., and Latta E.E. J. Catal. 35 (1974) 363
350. Kok G.A., Noordermeer A., and Nieuwenhuys B.E. Surf. Sci. 135 (1983) 65
351. Conrad H., Ertl G., and Latta E.E. Surf. Sci. 41 (1974) 435
352. Rieder K.H., and Stocker W. Surf. Sci. 148 (1984) 139
353. Wilke S., Henning D., Löber R., Methfessel M., and Scheffler M. Surf. Sci. 307-309 (1994) 76
354. Eriksson M., and Ekedahl L.-G. Appl. Surf. Sci. 133 (1998) 89
355. Nyberg C., and Westerlund L. Surf. Sci. 256 (1991) 9
356. Johnson A.D., Maynard K.J., Daley S.P., Yang Q.Y., and Ceyer S.T. Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 (1991) 927
357. Rupprechter G., and Somorjai G.A. Catal. Lett. 48 (1997) 17
358. Ceyer S.T. Acc. Chem. Res. 34 (2001) 737
359. Mitsui T., Rose M.K., Fomin E., Ogletree D.F., and Salmeron M. Surf. Sci. 511 (2002) 259
360. Mitsui T., Rose M.K., Fomin E., Ogletree D.F., and Salmeron M. Surf. Sci. 540 (2003) 5
361. Silvestre-Albero J., Rupprechter G., and Freund H.-J. J. Catal. 235 (2005) 52
362. Morkel, M., Ph.D. thesis, Free University Berlin, 2004.
363. Dong W., and Hafner J. Phys. Rev. B 56 (1997) 15396
364. Nyberg C., Westerlund L., Jönsson L., and Andersson S. J. Electron. Spectr. Rel. Phenom. 54/55 (1990) 639
365. Hoge D., Tüshaus M., and Bradshaw A.M. Surf. Sci. 207 (1988) L935
366. Zenobi R., Xu J., and Yates J.T. Surf. Sci. 276 (1992) 241
367. Andersson S. Solid State Commun. 21 (1977) 75
368. Hicks R.F., and Bell A.T. J. Catal. 90 (1984) 205
369. Berlowitz P.J., and Goodman D.W. J. Catal. 108 (1987) 364
370. Ryndin Y.A., Hicks R.F., Bell A.T., and Yermakov Y.I. J. Catal. 70 (1981) 287
371. Vannice M.A. J. Catal. 37 (1975) 449
372. Vannice M.A. Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng. 14 (1976) 153
373. Kim Y., Peebles H., and White J.M. Surf. Sci. 114 (1982) 363
374. Yates J.T., Williams E., and Weinberg W.H. Surf. Sci. 91 (1980) 562
375. Rebholz M., Prins R., and Kruse N. Surf. Sci. Lett. 259 (1991) L797
376. Hindermann J.P., Hutchings G.J., and Kiennemann A. Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng. 35 (1993) 1
377. Rothaemel M., Zanthoff H.W., and Baerns M. Catal. Lett. 28 (1994) 321
378. Mavrikakis M., and Barteau M.A. J. Mol. Catal. A 131 (1998) 135
379. Sellmer C., Prins R., and Kruse N. Catal. Lett. 47 (1997) 83
380. Shen W.-J., Okumura M., Matsumura Y., and Haruta M. Appl. Catal. A: General 213 (2001) 225
381. Rieck J.S., and Bell A.T. J. Catal. 99 (1986) 278
382. Chen B., and Falconer J.L. J. Catal. 134 (1992) 737
383. Steininger H., Lehwald S., and Ibach H. Surf. Sci. 117 (1982) 342
384. Ertl G., Neumann M., and Streit K.M. Surf. Sci. 64 (1977) 393
385. Avery N.R. J. Chem. Phys. 74 (1981) 4202
386. Longwitz S., Schnadt J., Kruse Vestergaard E., Vang R.T., Lægsgaard E., Stensgaard I., Brune H., and Besenbacher F. J. Phys. Chem. B 108 (2004) 14497
387. Sheppard N., and Nguyen T.T. Adv. IR Raman Spectrosc. 5 (1978) 67
388. Olsen C.W., and Masel R.I. Surf. Sci. 201 (1988) 444
389. Hayden B.E., and Bradshaw A.M. Surf. Sci. 125 (1983) 787
390. Persson B.N.J., Tüshaus M., and Bradshaw A.M. J. Chem. Phys. 92 (1990) 5034
391. Su X., Cremer P.S., Shen Y.R., and Somorjai G.A. Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 (1996) 3858
392. Pedersen M.O., Bocquet M.-L., Sautet P., Laegsgaard E., Stensgaard I., and Besenbacher F. Chem. Phys. Lett. 299 (1999) 403
393. Kruse Vestergaard E., Thostrup P., An T., Hammer B., Lægsgaard E., and Besenbacher F. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 (2002) 259601
394. Biberian J.P., and Van Hove M.A. Surf. Sci. 138 (1984) 361
395. Jensen J.A., Rider K.B., Salmeron M., and Somorjai G.A. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 (1998) 1228
396. Somorjai G.A., Su X., McCrea K.R., and Rider K.B. Top. Catal. 8 (2000) 23
397. Heiz U., Sherwood R., Cox D.M., Kaldor A., and Yates J.T. J. Phys. Chem. 99 (1995) 8730
398. Rupprechter G., Eppler A.S., and Somorjai G.A. In: Benavides H.A.C., and Jose-Yacaman M. (Eds). Electron Microscopy 1998 (1998), Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol 369
399. Avoyan A., Rupprechter G., Eppler A.S., and Somorjai G.A. Top. Catal. 10 (2000) 107
400. Somorjai G.A., Hwang K., and Parker J. Top. Catal. 26 (2003) 87
401. McCrea K., Parker J.S., and Somorjai G.A. J. Phys. Chem. B 106 (2002) 10854
402. McCrea, K.R., Parker, J.S., and Somorjai, G.A., in Surface Chemistry and Catalysis (A.F. Carley, P.R. Davis, G.J. Hutchings, and M.S. Spencer, Eds.), Springer, p. 55. 2002.
403. Zhdanov V.P., and Kasemo B. Surf. Sci. Rep. 29 (1997) 31
404. Hayek K., Goller H., Penner S., Rupprechter G., and Zimmermann C. Catal. Lett. 92 (2004) 1
405. Gierer M., Barbieri A., Van Hove M.A., and Somorjai G.A. Appl. Surf. Sci. 391 (1997) 176
406. Beutler A., Lundgren E., Nyholm R., Andersen J.N., Setlik B., and Heskett D. Surf. Sci. 371 (1997) 381
407. Starke U., Van Hove M.A., and Somorjai G.A. Prog. Surf. Sci. 46 (1994) 305
408. Peden C.H.F., Goodman D.W., Blair D.S., Berlowitz P.J., Fisher G.B., and Oh S. J. Phys. Chem. 92 (1988) 1563
409. Deutschmann O., Behrendt F., and Warnatz J. Catal. Today 46 (1998) 155
410. Haruta M. Catal. Today 26 (1997) 153
411. Valden M., Lai X., and Goodman D.W. Science 281 (1998) 1647
412. Chen M.S., and Goodman D.W. Science 306 (2004) 252
413. Lemire C., Meyer R., Shaikhutdinov S.K., and Freund H.-J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43 (2004) 118
414. Meyer R., Lemire C., Shaikhutdinov S.K., and Freund H.-J. Gold Bull. 37 (2004) 72
415. Piccolo L., Loffreda D., Cadete Santos Aires F.J., Deranlot C., Jugnet Y., Sautet P., and Bertolini J.C. Surf. Sci. 566-568 (2004) 995
416. Miragliotta J., Rabinowitz P., Cameron S.D., and Hall R.B. Appl. Phys. A 51 (1990) 221
417. Bandara A., Kubota J., Onda K., Wada A., Kano S.S., Domen K., and Hirose C. Surf. Sci. 427-428 (1999) 331
418. Westerberg S., Wang C., Chou K., and Somorjai G.A. J. Phys. Chem. B 108 (2004) 6374
419. Bandara A., Kubota J., Onda K., Wada A., Kano S.S., Domen K., and Hirose C. J. Phys. Chem. B 102 (1998) 5951
420. Bandara A., Kubota J., Onda K., Wada A., Domen K., and Hirose C. Appl. Phys. B 68 (1999) 573
421. Hess C., Bonn M., Funk S., and Wolf M. Chem. Phys. Lett. 325 (2000) 139
422. Funk S., Bonn M., Denzler D.N., Hess C., Wolf M., and Ertl G. J. Chem. Phys. 112 (2000) 9888
423. Arnolds H., Symonds J.P.R., Zhang V.L., and King D.A. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74 (2003) 3943
424. Roke S., Kleyn A.W., and Bonn M. Chem. Phys. Lett. 370 (2003) 227
425. Symonds J.P.R., Arnolds H., Zhang V.L., Fukutani K., and King D.A. J. Chem. Phys. 120 (2004) 7158
426. Zhang V.L., Arnolds H., and King D.A. Surf. Sci. 587 (2005) 102
427. Bandara A., Kano S., Onda K., Katano S., Kubota J., Domen K., Hirose C., and Wada A. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 75 (2002) 1125
428. Roeterdink W.G., Berg O., and Bonn M. J. Chem. Phys. 121 (2004) 10174
429. Roeterdink W.G., Aarts J.F.M., Kleyn A.W., and Bonn M. J. Phys. Chem. B 108 (2004) 14491
430. Cremer P.S., Su X., Somorjai G.A., and Shen Y.R. J. Mol. Catal. A 131 (1998) 225
431. Chen Z., Gracias D.H., and Somorjai G.A. Appl. Phys. B 68 (1999) 549
432. Volpp H.-R., and Wolfrum J. In: Kohse-Höinghaus K., and Jeffries J.B. (Eds). Applied Combustion Diagnostics (2001), Taylor & Francis, New York
433. Esch F., Greber T., Kennou S., Siokou A., Ladas S., and Imbihl R. Catal. Lett. 38 (1996) 165
434. Horiuti I., and Polanyi M. Trans. Faraday Soc. 30 (1934) 1164
435. Kesmodel L.L., and Gates J.A. Surf. Sci. 111 (1981) L747
436. Gates J.A., and Kesmodel L.L. Surf. Sci. 124 (1983) 68
437. Gates J.A., and Kesmodel L.L. Surf. Sci. 124 (1983) 68
438. Lloyd D.R., and Netzer F.P. Surf. Sci. 129 (1983) 1249
439. Stuve E.M., and Madix R.J. J. Phys. Chem. 89 (1985) 105
440. Camplin J., Eve J., and McCash E. Surf. Rev. Lett. 4 (1997) 1371
441. Sandell A., Beutler A., Jaworowski A., Wiklund M., Heister K., Nyholm R., and Andersen J.N. Surf. Sci. 415 (1998) 411
442. Ogasawara H., Ichihara S., Okuyama H., Domen K., and Kawai M. J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 114 (2001) 339
443. Sekitani T., Takaoka T., Fujisawa M., and Nishijima M. J. Phys. Chem. 96 (1992) 8462
444. Stacchiola D., Azad S., Burkholder L., and Tysoe W.T. J. Phys. Chem. B 105 (2001) 11233
445. Sock M., Eichler A., Surnev S., Andersen J.N., Klötzer B., Hayek K., Ramsey M.G., and Netzer F.P. Surf. Sci. 545 (2003) 122
446. Neurock M., and van Santen R.A. J. Phys. Chem. B 104 (2000) 11127
447. Ge Q., and Neurock M. Chem. Phys. Lett. 358 (2002) 377
448. Cremer P.S., Stanners C., Niemantsverdriet J.W., Shen Y.R., and Somorjai G.A. Surf. Sci. 328 (1995) 111
449. Kaltchev M., Thompson A.W., and Tysoe W.T. Surf. Sci. 391 (1997) 145
450. Stacchiola D., Kaltchev G., Wu G., and Tysoe W.T. Surf. Sci. 470 (2000) L32
451. Stacchiola D., Burkholder L., and Tysoe W.T. Surf. Sci. 511 (2002) 215
452. Borasio, M., Rodríguez de la Fuente, O., Rupprechter, G., and Freund, H.-J., 2007, in preparation.
453. Borasio, M., Ph.D. thesis, Free University Berlin, 2006.
454. Stacchiola D., and Tysoe W.T. Surf. Sci. 540 (2003) L600
455. Doyle A., Shaikhutdinov S., and Freund H.-J. J. Catal. 223 (2004) 444
456. Frank M., Bäumer M., Kühnemuth R., and Freund H.-J. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 19 (2001) 1497
457. Rupprechter G., and Somorjai G.A. Catal. Lett. 48 (1997) 17
458. Beebe T., and Yates J.T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 108 (1986) 663
459. Davis R.J., and Boudart M. Catal. Sci. Technol. 1 (1991) 129
460. Chen P., Kung K., Shen Y., and Somorjai G.A. Surf. Sci. 494 (2001) 289
461. Cremer P.S., Su X., Shen Y.R., and Somorjai G.A. J. Phys. Chem. 100 (1996) 16302
462. Yang M., and Somorjai G.A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 (2004) 7698
463. Yang M., Chou K.C., and Somorjai G.A. J. Phys. Chem. B 107 (2003) 5267
464. Yang M., and Somorjai G.A. J. Phys. Chem. B 108 (2004) 4405
465. Stöhr J., Sette F., and Johnson A.L. Phys. Rev. Lett. 53 (1984) 1684
466. Cassuto A., Kiss J., and White J.M. Surf. Sci. 255 (1991) 289
467. Döll R., Gerken C.A., Van Hove M.A., and Somorjai G.A. Surf. Sci. 374 (1997) 151
468. Ibach H. Surf. Sci. 117 (1982) 685
469. Ibach H., and Mills D.L. Electron Energy Loss Spectrscopy and Surface Vibration (1982), Academic Press, New York
470. Mohsin S., Trenary M., and Robota H. J. Phys. Chem. 92 (1988) 5229
471. Rekoske J.E., Cortright R.D., Goddard S.A., Sharma S.B., and Dumesic J.A. J. Phys. Chem. 96 (1992) 1880
472. Cremer P.S., and Somorjai G.A. J. Chem. Soc. Farady Trans. 91 (1995) 3671
473. Cremer P.S., Su X., Shen Y.R., and Somorjai G.A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996) 2942
474. Cremer P.S., Su X., Shen Y.R., and Somorjai G.A. Catal. Lett. 40 (1996) 143
475. Cremer P.S., Su X., Shen Y.R., and Somorjai G.A. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 92 (1996) 4717
476. Ohtani T., Kubota J., Kondo J.N., Hirose C., and Domen K. Surf. Sci. 415 (2001) L983
477. Tang D.C., Hwang K.S., Salmeron M., and Somorjai G.A. J. Phys. Chem. B 108 (2004) 13300
478. Lüth H., Rubloff G.W., and Grobmann W.D. Surf. Sci. 63 (1977) 325
479. Christmann K., and Demuth J.E. J. Chem. Phys. 76 (1982) 6308
480. Solymosi F., Berkó A., and Tóth Z. Surf. Sci. 285 (1993) 197
481. Bhattacharya A.K., Chesters M.A., Pemble M.E., and Sheppard N. Surf. Sci. 206 (1988) L845
482. Hartmann N., Esch F., and Imbihl R. Surf. Sci. 297 (1993) 175
483. Gates J.A., and Kesmodel L.L. J. Catal. 83 (1983) 437
484. Guo X., Hanley L., and Yates J.T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111 (1989) 3155
485. Davis J.L., and Barteau M.A. Surf. Sci. 187 (1987) 387
486. Davis J.L., and Barteau M.A. Surf. Sci. 235 (1990) 235
487. Francis S.M., Corneille J., Goodman D.W., and Bowker M. Surf. Sci. 364 (1996) 30
488. Levis R.J., Zhicheng J., and Winograd N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111 (1989) 4605
489. Chen J.-J., Jiang Z.-C., Zhou Y., Chakraborty B.R., and Winograd N. Surf. Sci. 328 (1995) 248
490. Rebholz M., Matolin V., Prins R., and Kruse N. Surf. Sci. 251-252 (1991) 1117
491. Kruse N., Rebholz M., Matolin V., Chuah G.K., and Block J.H. Surf. Sci. 238 (1990) L457
492. Rebholz M., and Kruse N. J. Chem. Phys. 95 (1991) 7745
493. Schennach R., Eichler A., and Rendulic K.D. J. Phys. Chem. B 107 (2003) 2552
494. Zhang C.J., and Hu P. J. Chem. Phys. 115 (2001) 7182
495. Wickham D.T., Logsdon B.W., Cowley S.W., and Butler C.D. J. Catal. 128 (1991) 198
496. Matsumura Y., Okumura M., Usami Y., Kagawa K., Yamashita H., Anpo M., and Haruta M. Catal. Lett. 44 (1997) 189
497. Usami Y., Kagawa K., Kawazoe M., Matsumura Y., Sakurai H., and Haruta M. Appl. Catal. A: General 171 (1998) 123
498. Shiozaki R., Hayakawa T., Liu Y.Y., Ishii T., Kumagai M., Hamakawa S., Suzuki K., Itoh T., Shishido T., and Takehira K. Catal. Lett. 58 (1999) 131
499. Levis R.J., Zhicheng J., and Winograd N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110 (1988) 4431
500. Rodriguez N.M., Anderson P.E., Wootsch A., Wild U., Schlögl R., and Paal Z. J. Catal. 197 (2001) 365
501. Paul J.-F., and Sautet P. J. Phys. Chem. B 102 (1998) 1578
502. Zhang C.J., and Hu P. J. Chem. Phys. 116 (2002) 322
503. Yudanov I.V., Neyman K.M., and Rösch N. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 6 (2004) 116
504. Borasio, M., Morkel, M., Rupprechter, G., and Freund, H.-J., 2007, in preparation.
505. Schauermann S., Hoffmann J., Johánek V., Hartmann J., Libuda J., and Freund H.-J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 41 (2002) 2532
506. Barros R.B., Garcia A.R., and Ihlarco L.M. J. Phys. Chem. B 105 (2001) 11186
507. Mitchell W.J., Xie J., Jachimowski T.A., and Weinberg W.H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117 (1995) 2606
508. Endo M., Matsumoto T., Kubota J., Domen K., and Hirose C. J. Phys. Chem. B 105 (2001) 1573
509. Libuda J., and Freund H.-J. J. Phys. Chem. B 106 (2002) 4901
510. Davis J.L., and Barteau M.A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111 (1989) 1782
511. Desai S.K., Neurock M., and Kourtakis K. J. Phys. Chem. B 106 (2002) 2559
512. Reuter K., and Scheffler M. Phys. Rev. B 65 (2001) 035 406
513. Kim S.H., and Wintterlin J. J. Phys. Chem. B 108 (2004) 14565
514. Demoulin O., Rupprechter G., Seunier I., Clef B.L., Navez M., and Ruiz P. J. Phys. Chem. B 109 (2005) 20454
515. Schalow T., Laurin M., Brandt B., Schauermann S., Guimond S., Kuhlenbeck H., Starr D.E., Shaikhutdinov S.K., Libuda J., and Freund H.-J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44 (2005) 2
516. Datye A.K., Bravo J., Nelson T.R., Atanasova P., Lyubovsky M., and Pfefferle L. Appl. Catal. A: General 198 (2000) 179
517. Hansen W., Bertolo M., and Jacobi K. Surf. Sci. 253 (1991) 1
518. Höbel, F., Ph.D., Technical University Berlin, 2007, in preparation.
519. Weiss W., and Schlögl R. Top. Catal. 13 (2000) 75
520. Shaikhutdinov S., Meyer R., Lahav D., Bäumer M., Klüner T., and Freund H.-J. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 (2003) 076102
521. Meyer R., Bäumer M., Shaikhutdinov S.K., and Freund H.-J. Surf. Sci. Lett. 546 (2003) L813
522. Lemire C., Meyer R., Heinrich V.E., Shaikhutdinov S., and Freund H.-J. Surf. Sci. 572 (2004) 103
523. Höbel F., Bandara A., Rupprechter G., and Freund H.-J. Surf. Sci. 600 (2006) 963
524. Mendes F.M.T., Perez C.A.C., Noronha F.B., and Schmal M. Catal. Today 101 (2005) 45
525. Starr D.E., Mendes F.M.T., Middeke J., Blum R.-P., Niehus H., Lahav D., Guimond S., Uhl A., Klüner T., Schmal M., Kuhlenbeck H., Shaikhutdinov S., and Freund H.-J. Surf. Sci. 599 (2005) 14
526. Middeke J., Blum R.-P., Hafemeister M., and Niehus H. Surf. Sci. 587 (2005) 219
527. Dry M.E. Catal. Today 71 (2002) 227
528. Silvestre-Albero, J., Rupprechter, G., and Freund, H.-J., Chem. Commun., 80 (2006).
529. Silvestre-Albero J., Rupprechter G., and Freund H.-J. J. Catal. 240 (2006) 58
530. Arnold H., Döbert F., and Gaube J. In: Ertl G., Knözinger H., and Weitkamp J. (Eds). Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis (1997), Wiley, Weinheim 2144-2165
531. Hammerschaimb, H.U., and Spinner, J.B., U.S. Patent 4774375 (1988).
532. Furlong B., Hightower J., Chan T., Sarkany A., and Guczi L. Appl. Catal. A: General 117 (1994) 41
533. Bertolini J.C., Delichere P., Khanra B., Massardier J., Noupa C., and Tardy B. Catal. Lett. 6 (1990) 215
534. Bond, G.C., Webb, G., Wells, P.B., and Winterbottom, J.M., J. Chem. Soc. (Resumed), 3218 (1965).
535. Boitiaux J.P., Cosyns J., and Vasudevan S. Appl. Catal. 6 (1983) 41
536. Tardy B., Noupa C., Leclercq C., Bertolini J.C., Hoareau A., Treilleux M., Faure J.P., and Nihoul G. J. Catal. 129 (1991) 1
537. Molnár A., Sárkány A., and Varga M. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chemical 173 (2001) 185
538. Doyle A., Shaikhutdinov S., and Freund H.-J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44 (2005) 629
539. Mittendorfer F., Thomazeau C., Raybaud P., and Toulhoat H. J. Phys. Chem. B 107 (2003) 12287
540. Sautet P., and Paul J. Catal. Lett. 9 (1991) 245