Th1 memory: Implications for vaccine development

Immunological Reviews

Volumn 211, Issue , 2006, Pages 58-66

  Foulds, Kathryn E ^a   Wu, Chang You ^b   Seder, Robert A ^a,c  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES   (United States)

^b SUN YAT SEN UNIVERSITY   (China)

^c NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BCG VACCINE; CYTOKINE; GALECTIN; GAMMA INTERFERON; INDOLEAMINE 2,3 DIOXYGENASE; LEISHMANIA VACCINE; LIVE VACCINE; SMALLPOX VACCINE; TETANUS TOXOID; VACCINE; VIRUS VACCINE;

ANATOMY; CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CELL ACTIVATION; CELL DEATH; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL DIVISION; CELL HETEROGENEITY; CELL POPULATION; CELL SURVIVAL; CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; CYTOKINE RELEASE; DENDRITIC CELL; DRUG DESIGN; DRUG EFFICACY; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNIZATION; IMMUNOREGULATION; IMMUNOSTIMULATION; INFECTION; LEISHMANIASIS; MEMORY CELL; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS; REVIEW; TH1 CELL; TUBERCULOSIS; VACCINATION; VIRUS INFECTION;

ANIMALS; CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES; HUMANS; IMMUNOLOGIC MEMORY; MICE; TH1 CELLS; VACCINES;

EID: 33745110937     PISSN: 01052896     EISSN: 1600065X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2006.00400.x     Document Type: Review

References (81)

1. Mosmann TR Cherwinski H Bond MW Giedlin MA Coffman RL. Two types of murine helper T cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins. J Immunol 1986 136: 2348 2357.
2. Piccirillo CA Shevach EM. Naturally-occurring CD4+CD25+ immunoregulatory T cells: central players in the arena of peripheral tolerance. Semin Immunol 2004 16: 81 88.
3. Shedlock DJ Shen H. Requirement for CD4 T cell help in generating functional CD8 T cell memory. Science 2003 300: 337 339.
4. Sun JC Bevan MJ. Defective CD8 T cell memory following acute infection without CD4 T cell help. Science 2003 300: 339 342.
5. Janssen EM Lemmens EE Wolfe T Christen U von Herrath MG Schoenberger SP. CD4+ T cells are required for secondary expansion and memory in CD8+ T lymphocytes. Nature 2003 421: 852 856.
6. Stockinger B Kassiotis G Bourgeois C. CD4 T-cell memory. Semin Immunol 2004 16: 295 303.
7. Swain SL Agrewala JN Brown DM Roman E. Regulation of memory CD4 T cells: generation, localization and persistence. Adv Exp Med Biol 2002 512: 113 120.
8. Murphy KM, et al. Signaling and transcription in T helper development. Annu Rev Immunol 2000 18: 451 494.
9. Murphy KM Reiner SL. The lineage decisions of helper T cells. Nat Rev Immunol 2002 2: 933 944.
10. Glimcher LH Murphy KM. Lineage commitment in the immune system: the T helper lymphocyte grows up. Genes Dev 2000 14: 1693 1711.
11. Iezzi G Karjalainen K Lanzavecchia A. The duration of antigenic stimulation determines the fate of naive and effector T cells. Immunity 1998 8: 89 95.
12. Maldonado-Lopez R Moser M. Dendritic cell subsets and the regulation of Th1/Th2 responses. Semin Immunol 2001 13: 275 282.
13. O'Garra A. Cytokines induce the development of functionally heterogeneous T helper cell subsets. Immunity 1998 8: 275 283.
14. Trinchieri G. Immunobiology of interleukin-12. Immunol Res 1998 17: 269 278.
15. Verhagen CE, et al. Residual type 1 immunity in patients genetically deficient for interleukin 12 receptor beta1 (IL-12Rbeta1): evidence for an IL-12Rbeta1-independent pathway of IL-12 responsiveness in human T cells. J Exp Med 2000 192: 517 528.
16. Lighvani AA et al. T-bet is rapidly induced by interferon-gamma in lymphoid and myeloid cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001 98: 15137 15142.
17. Afkarian M, et al. T-bet is a STAT1-induced regulator of IL-12R expression in naive CD4+ T cells. Nat Immunol 2002 3: 549 557.
18. Szabo SJ Sullivan BM Stemmann C Satoskar AR Sleckman BP Glimcher LH. Distinct effects of T-bet in TH1 lineage commitment and IFN-gamma production in CD4 and CD8 T cells. Science 2002 295: 338 342.
19. Rogge L, et al. The role of Stat4 in species-specific regulation of Th cell development by type I IFNs. J Immunol 1998 161: 6567 6574.
20. Moore KW de Waal Malefyt R Coffman RL O'Garra A. Interleukin-10 and the interleukin-10 receptor. Annu Rev Immunol 2001 19: 683 765.
21. Villarino AV Huang E Hunter CA. Understanding the pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of IL-27. J Immunol 2004 173: 715 720.
22. Wu CY, et al. Distinct lineages of T (H) 1 cells have differential capacities for memory cell generation in vivo. Nat Immunol 2002 3: 852 858.
23. Roman E, et al. CD4 effector T cell subsets in the response to influenza: heterogeneity, migration, and function. J Exp Med 2002 196: 957 968.
24. Foulds KE Zenewicz LA Shedlock DJ Jiang J Troy AE Shen H. Cutting edge. CD4 and CD8 T cells are intrinsically different in their proliferative responses. J Immunol 2002 168: 1528 1532.
25. Woodland DL Dutton RW. Heterogeneity of CD4 (+) and CD8 (+) T cells. Curr Opin Immunol 2003 15: 336 342.
26. Openshaw P, et al. Heterogeneity of intracellular cytokine synthesis at the single-cell level in polarized T helper 1 and T helper 2 populations. J Exp Med 1995 182: 1357 1367.
27. Zheng W Flavell RA. The transcription factor GATA-3 is necessary and sufficient for Th2 cytokine gene expression in CD4 T cells. Cell 1997 89: 587 596.
28. Hwang ES Szabo SJ Schwartzberg PL Glimcher LH. T helper cell fate specified by kinase-mediated interaction of T-bet with GATA-3. Science 2005 307: 430 433.
29. Grogan JL Mohrs M Harmon B Lacy DA Sedat JW Locksley RM. Early transcription and silencing of cytokine genes underlie polarization of T helper cell subsets. Immunity 2001 14: 205 215.
30. Kelso A Groves P Ramm L Doyle AG. Single-cell analysis by RT-PCR reveals differential expression of multiple type 1 and 2 cytokine genes among cells within polarized CD4+ T cell populations. Int Immunol 1999 11: 617 621.
31. Bucy RP, et al. Heterogeneity of single cell cytokine gene expression in clonal T cell populations. J Exp Med 1994 180: 1251 1262.
32. Panus JF McHeyzer-Williams LJ McHeyzer-Williams MG. Antigen-specific T helper cell function: differential cytokine expression in primary and memory responses. J Exp Med 2000 192: 1301 1316.
33. Wang X Mosmann T. In vivo priming of CD4 T cells that produce interleukin (IL)-2 but not IL-4 or interferon (IFN)-gamma, and can subsequently differentiate into IL-4- or IFN-gamma-secreting cells. J Exp Med 2001 194: 1069 1080.
34. Iezzi G Scheidegger D Lanzavecchia A. Migration and function of antigen-primed nonpolarized T lymphocytes in vivo. J Exp Med 2001 193: 987 993.
35. Sallusto F Lenig D Forster R Lipp M Lanzavecchia A. Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions. Nature 1999 401: 708 712.
36. Kim CH, et al. Rules of chemokine receptor association with T cell polarization in vivo. J Clin Invest 2001 108: 1331 1339.
37. Unsoeld H Krautwald S Voehringer D Kunzendorf U Pircher H. Cutting edge. CCR7+ and CCR7- memory T cells do not differ in immediate effector cell function. J Immunol 2002 169: 638 641.
38. Reinhardt RL Khoruts A Merica R Zell T Jenkins MK. Visualizing the generation of memory CD4 T cells in the whole body. Nature 2001 410: 101 105.
39. Masopust D Vezys V Marzo AL Lefrancois L. Preferential localization of effector memory cells in nonlymphoid tissue. Science 2001 291: 2413 2417.
40. Hildeman DA Zhu Y Mitchell TC Kappler J Marrack P. Molecular mechanisms of activated T cell death in vivo. Curr Opin Immunol 2002 14: 354 359.
41. Sytwu HK Liblau RS McDevitt HO. The roles of Fas/APO-1 (CD95) and TNF in antigen-induced programmed cell death in T cell receptor transgenic mice. Immunity 1996 5: 17 30.
42. Lenardo M, et al. Mature T lymphocyte apoptosis - immune regulation in a dynamic and unpredictable antigenic environment. Annu Rev Immunol 1999 17: 221 253.
43. Dalton DK Haynes L Chu CQ Swain SL Wittmer S. Interferon gamma eliminates responding CD4 T cells during mycobacterial infection by inducing apoptosis of activated CD4 T cells. J Exp Med 2000 192: 117 122.
44. Mellor AL, et al. Tryptophan catabolism and T cell responses. Adv Exp Med Biol 2003 527: 27 35.
45. Fallarino F, et al. T cell apoptosis by tryptophan catabolism. Cell Death Differ 2002 9: 1069 1077.
46. Zhu C, et al. The Tim-3 ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates T helper type 1 immunity. Nat Immunol 2005 6: 1245 1252.
47. Xu H, et al. The mechanism and significance of deletion of parasite-specific CD4 (+) T cells in malaria infection. J Exp Med 2002 195: 881 892.
48. Szabo SJ Kim ST Costa GL Zhang X Fathman CG Glimcher LH. A novel transcription factor, T-bet, directs Th1 lineage commitment. Cell 2000 100: 655 669.
49. Whitmire JK Benning N Whitton JL. Cutting edge: early IFN-gamma signaling directly enhances primary antiviral CD4+ T cell responses. J Immunol 2005 175: 5624 5628.
50. Dalton DK Pitts-Meek S Keshav S Figari IS Bradley A Stewart TA. Multiple defects of immune cell function in mice with disrupted interferon-gamma genes. Science 1993 259: 1739 1742.
51. Refaeli Y Van Parijs L Alexander SI Abbas AK. Interferon gamma is required for activation-induced death of T lymphocytes. J Exp Med 2002 196: 999 1005.
52. Pernis A, et al. Lack of interferon gamma receptor beta chain and the prevention of interferon gamma signaling in TH1 cells. Science 1995 269: 245 247.
53. Foulds KE Rotte MJ Seder RA. IL-10 is required for optimal CD8 T cell memory following Listeria monocytogenes infection. In: Pathogen-Host Stand-Off: Persistent and Latent Infection. Keystone, CO: Keystone Symposia 2006.
54. Mellor AL Munn DH. IDO expression by dendritic cells: tolerance and tryptophan catabolism. Nat Rev Immunol 2004 4: 762 774.
55. Munn DH Shafizadeh E Attwood JT Bondarev I Pashine A Mellor AL. Inhibition of T cell proliferation by macrophage tryptophan catabolism. J Exp Med 1999 189: 1363 1372.
56. Hayashi N Liu D Min B Ben-Sasson SZ Paul WE. Antigen challenge leads to in vivo activation and elimination of highly polarized TH1 memory T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002 99: 6187 6191.
57. Swain SL Hu H Huston G. Class II-independent generation of CD4 memory T cells from effectors. Science 1999 286: 1381 1383.
58. Swain SL. Generation and in vivo persistence of polarized Th1 and Th2 memory cells. Immunity 1994 1: 543 552.
59. Hu-Li J Huang H Ryan J Paul WE. In differentiated CD4+ T cells, interleukin 4 production is cytokine-autonomous, whereas interferon gamma production is cytokine-dependent. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997 94: 3189 3194.
60. Kassiotis G Garcia S Simpson E Stockinger B. Impairment of immunological memory in the absence of MHC despite survival of memory T cells. Nat Immunol 2002 3: 244 250.
61. Lantz O Grandjean I Matzinger P Di Santo JP. Gamma chain required for naive CD4+ T cell survival but not for antigen proliferation. Nat Immunol 2000 1: 54 58.
62. Seddon B Tomlinson P Zamoyska R. Interleukin 7 and T cell receptor signals regulate homeostasis of CD4 memory cells. Nat Immunol 2003 4: 680 686.
63. Schluns KS Williams K Ma A Zheng XX Lefrancois L. Cutting edge: requirement for IL-15 in the generation of primary and memory antigen-specific CD8 T cells. J Immunol 2002 168: 4827 4831.
64. Ku CC Murakami M Sakamoto A Kappler J Marrack P. Control of homeostasis of CD8+ memory T cells by opposing cytokines. Science 2000 288: 675 678.
65. Homann D Teyton L Oldstone MB. Differential regulation of antiviral T-cell immunity results in stable CD8+ but declining CD4+ T-cell memory. Nat Med 2001 7: 913 919.
66. Whitmire JK Ahmed R. The economy of T-cell memory: CD4+ recession in times of CD8+ stability? Nat Med 2001 7: 892 893.
67. Seder RA Ahmed R. Similarities and differences in CD4+ and CD8+ effector and memory T cell generation. Nat Immunol 2003 4: 835 842.
68. Hammarlund E, et al. Duration of antiviral immunity after smallpox vaccination. Nat Med 2003 9: 1131 1137.
69. Sierra B, et al. Long-term memory cellular immune response to dengue virus after a natural primary infection. Int J Infect Dis 2002 6: 125 128.
70. Kaplan G. Rational vaccine development - a new trend in tuberculosis control. N Engl J Med 2005 353: 1624 1625.
71. Nadim A Javadian E Tahvildar-Bidruni G Ghorbani M. Effectiveness of leishmanization in the control of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales 1983 76: 377 383.
72. Sporri R Reis e Sousa C. Inflammatory mediators are insufficient for full dendritic cell activation and promote expansion of CD4+ T cell populations lacking helper function. Nat Immunol 2005 6: 163 170.
73. Sylwester AW, et al. Broadly targeted human cytomegalovirus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells dominate the memory compartments of exposed subjects. J Exp Med 2005 202: 673 685.
74. Belkaid Y, et al. The role of interleukin (IL)-10 in the persistence of Leishmania major in the skin after healing and the therapeutic potential of anti-IL-10 receptor antibody for sterile cure. J Exp Med 2001 194: 1497 1506.
75. Zaph C Uzonna J Beverley SM Scott P. Central memory T cells mediate long-term immunity to Leishmania major in the absence of persistent parasites. Nat Med 2004 10: 1104 1110.
76. Rhee EG, et al. Vaccination with heat-killed leishmania antigen or recombinant leishmanial protein and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides induces long-term memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses and protection against leishmania major infection. J Exp Med 2002 195: 1565 1573.
77. Gurunathan S Prussin C Sacks DL Seder RA. Vaccine requirements for sustained cellular immunity to an intracellular parasitic infection. Nat Med 1998 4: 1409 1415.
78. Wherry EJ, et al. Lineage relationship and protective immunity of memory CD8 T cell subsets. Nat Immunol 2003 4: 225 234.
79. Kern F LiPira G Gratama JW Manca F Roederer M. Measuring Ag-specific immune responses: understanding immunopathogenesis and improving diagnostics in infectious disease, autoimmunity and cancer. Trends Immunol 2005 26: 477 484.
80. Betts MR, et al. Characterization of functional and phenotypic changes in anti-Gag vaccine-induced T cell responses and their role in protection after HIV-1 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005 102: 4512 4517.
81. Wille-Reece U, et al. HIV Gag protein conjugated to a Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist improves the magnitude and quality of Th1 and CD8+ T cell responses in nonhuman primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005 102: 15190 15194.