Hairy transcriptional repression targets and cofactor recruitment in Drosophila

PLoS Biology

Volumn 2, Issue 7, 2004, Pages

  Bianchi Frias, Daniella ^a   Orian, Amir ^a   Delrow, Jeffrey J ^a   Vazquez, Julio ^a   Rosales Nieves, Alicia E ^a   Parkhurst, Susan M ^a  

^a Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL DNA; BINDING PROTEIN; DNA ADENINE METHYLTRANSFERASE; HELIX LOOP HELIX PROTEIN; INSECT PROTEIN; REGULATOR PROTEIN; ADENINE; ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE; BASIC HELIX LOOP HELIX TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; C TERMINAL BINDING PROTEIN; C-TERMINAL BINDING PROTEIN; DNA; DNA BINDING PROTEIN; DROSOPHILA PROTEIN; GROUCHO PROTEIN, DROSOPHILA; HAIRY PROTEIN, DROSOPHILA; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; METHYLTRANSFERASE; PHOSPHOPROTEIN; REPRESSOR PROTEIN; SIR2 PROTEIN, DROSOPHILA; SIRTUIN;

ARTICLE; CARBOXY TERMINAL SEQUENCE; CELL CYCLE; CELL GROWTH; CHROMATIN; CHROMOSOME; CONSERVATION GENETICS; DROSOPHILA; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; ENHANCER REGION; ESCHERICHIA COLI; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; GENE IDENTIFICATION; GENE LOCATION; GENE LOCUS; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; GENOMICS; INSECT DEVELOPMENT; METHYLATION; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; MORPHOGENESIS; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE BINDING SITE; PROTEIN DNA BINDING; PROTEIN FAMILY; REGULATOR GENE; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION; ALLELE; ANIMAL; BINDING SITE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; BIOLOGY; CHEMISTRY; CROSS BREEDING; DOMINANT GENE; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENETICS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; METABOLISM; METHODOLOGY; MUTATION; PHYSIOLOGY; PROTEIN BINDING; REPORTER GENE; ULTRASTRUCTURE;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); ESCHERICHIA COLI; INSECTA; VERTEBRATA;

ADENINE; ALCOHOL OXIDOREDUCTASES; ALLELES; ANIMALS; BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; BINDING SITES; CHROMATIN; CHROMOSOMES; COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY; CROSSES, GENETIC; DNA; DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; DROSOPHILA; DROSOPHILA PROTEINS; ESCHERICHIA COLI; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENES, DOMINANT; GENES, REPORTER; HISTONE DEACETYLASES; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; METHYLTRANSFERASES; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; MODELS, GENETIC; MUTATION; PHOSPHOPROTEINS; PROTEIN BINDING; REPRESSOR PROTEINS; SIRTUINS; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC;

EID: 19344371786     PISSN: 15449173     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020178     Document Type: Article

References (115)

1. Agard DA, Hiraoka Y, Shaw P, Sedat JW (1989) Fluorescence microscopy in three dimensions. Methods Cell Biol 30: 353-377. Find this article online
2. Andersen AS, Hansen PH, Schäffer L, Kristensen C (2000) A new secreted insect protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily binds insulin and related peptides and inhibits their activities. J Biol Chem 275: 16948-16953. Find this article online
3. Andrew DJ, Scott M (1994) Immunological methods for mapping protein distribution on polytene chromosomes. In: Goldstein LSB, Fyrberg, EA, editors. Drosophila melanogaster Practical uses in cell and molecular biology. New York: Academic Press. pp 353-370.
4. Aronson BD, Fisher AL, Blechman K, Caudy M, Gergen JP (1997) Groucho-dependent and -independent repression activities of Runt domain proteins. Mol Cell Biol 17: 5581-5587. Find this article online
5. Baker DA, Mille-Baker B, Wainwright SM, Ish-Horowicz D, Dibb NJ (2001) Mae mediates MAP kinase phosphorylation of Ets transcription factors in Drosophila. Nature 411: 330-334. Find this article online
6. Baldi P, Long AD (2001) A Bayesian framework for the analysis of microarray expression data: Regularized t-test and statistical inferences of gene changes. Bioinformatics 17: 509-519. Find this article online
7. Barolo S, Levine M (1997) hairy mediates dominant repression in the Drosophila embryo. EMBO J 16: 2883-2891. Find this article online
8. Baumgartner S, Noll M (1990) Network of interactions among pair-rule genes regulating paired expression during primordial segmentation of Drosophila. Mech Dev 33: 1-18. Find this article online
9. Beitel GJ, Krasnow MA (2000) Genetic control of epithelial tube size in the Drosophila tracheal system. Development 127: 3271-3282. Find this article online
10. Bone JR, Roth SY (2001) Corepressor proteins and control of transcription in yeast. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 254: 59-78. Find this article online
11. Botas J, Moscoso del Prado J, García-Bellido A (1982) Gene dose titration analysis in the search for trans-regulatory genes in Drosophila. EMBO J 1: 307-310. Find this article online
12. Brand A, Perrimon N (1993) Targeted gene expression as a means of altering cell fates and generating dominant phenotypes. Development 118: 401-415. Find this article online
13. Brown NL, Sattler CA, Paddock SW, Carroll SB (1995) Hairy and Emc negatively regulate morphogenetic furrow progression in the Drosophila eye. Cell 80: 879-887. Find this article online
14. Carroll SB, Scott MP (1986) Zygotically active genes that affect the spatial expression of the fushi tarazu segmentation gene during early Drosophila embryogenesis. Cell 45: 113-126. Find this article online
15. Cavallo RA, Cox RT, Moline MM, Roose J, Polevoy GA, et al. (1998) Drosophila Tcf and Groucho interact to repress Wingless signalling activity. Nature 395: 604-608. Find this article online
16. Chen G, Courey AJ (2000) Groucho/TLE family proteins and transcriptional repression. Gene 249: 1-16. Find this article online
17. Chen G, Fernandez J, Mische S, Courey AJ (1999) A functional interaction between the histone deacetylase Rpd3 and the corepressor groucho in Drosophila development. Genes Dev 13: 2218-2230. Find this article online
18. Chinnadurai G (2002a) CtBP, an unconventional transcriptional corepressor in development and oncogenesis. Mol Cell 9: 213-224. Find this article online
19. Chinnadurai G (2002b) CtBP family proteins: More than transcriptional corepressors. BioEssays 25: 9-12. Find this article online
20. Courey AJ, Jia S (2001) Transcriptional repression: The long and the short of it. Genes Dev 15: 2786-2796. Find this article online
21. Dang CV, Lewis BC, Dolde C, Dang G, Shim H (1997) Oncogenes in tumor metabolism, tumorigenesis, and apoptosis. J Bioenerg Biomemb 29: 345-354. Find this article online
22. Davis RL, Turner DL (2001) Vertebrate hairy and Enhancer of split related proteins: Transcriptional repressors regulating cellular differentiation and embryonic patterning. Oncogene 20: 8342-8357. Find this article online
23. Delidakis C, Preiss A, Hartley DA, Artavanis-Tsakonas S (1991) Two genetically and molecularly distinct functions involved in early neurogenesis reside within the Enhancer of split locus of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 129: 803-823. Find this article online
24. Denu JM (2003) Linking chromatin function with metabolic networks: Sir2 family of NAD(+)-dependent deacetylases. Trends Biochem Sci 28: 41-48. Find this article online
25. Dequier E, Souid S, Pal M, Maroy P, Lepesant JA, et al. (2001) Top-DER- and Dpp-dependent requirements for the Drosophila fos/kayak gene in follicular epithelium morphogenesis. Mech Dev 106: 47-60. Find this article online
26. Dobens LL, Martin-Blanco E, Martinez-Arias A, Kafatos FC, Raftery LA (2001) Drosophila puckered regulates Fos/Jun levels during follicle cell morphogenesis. Development 128: 1845-1856. Find this article online
27. Dubnicoff T, Valentine SA, Chen G, Shi T, Lengyel JA, et al. (1997) Conversion of dorsal from an activator to a repressor by the global corepressor Groucho. Genes Dev 11: 2952-2957. Find this article online
28. Ebner A, Kiefer FN, Ribeiro C, Petit V, Nussbaumer U, et al. (2002) Tracheal development in Drosophila melanogaster as a model system for studying the development of a branched organ. Gene 287: 55-66. Find this article online
29. Edgar BA, Weir MP, Schubiger G, Kornberg T (1986) Repression and turnover pattern fushi tarazu RNA in the early Drosophila embryo. Cell 47: 747-754. Find this article online
30. Fisher A, Caudy M (1998a) The function of hairy-related bHLH repressor proteins in cell fate decisions. Bioessays 20: 298-306. Find this article online
31. Fisher AL, Caudy M (1998b) Groucho proteins: Transcriptional corepressors for specific subsets of DNA-binding transcription factors in vertebrates and invertebrates. Genes Dev 12: 1931-1940. Find this article online
32. Fisher AL, Ohsako S, Caudy M (1996) The WRPW motif of the Hairy-related basic helix-loop-helix repressor proteins acts as a 4-amino acid transcription repression and protein-protein interaction domain. Mol Cell Biol 16: 2670-2677. Find this article online
33. Fjeld CC, Birdsong WT, Goodman RH (2003) Differential binding of NAD+ and NADH allows the transcriptional corepressor carboxyl-terminal binding protein to serve as a metabolic sensor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100: 9202-9207. Find this article online
34. Francastel C, Schubeler D, Martin DI, Groudine M (2000) Nuclear compartmentalization and gene activity. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 1: 137-143. Find this article online
35. Fulco M, Schiltz RL, Iezzi S, King MT, Zhao P, et al. (2003) Sir2 regulates skeletal muscle differentiation as a potential sensor of the redox state. Mol Cell 12: 51-62. Find this article online
36. Gallant P, Shiio Y, Cheng PF, Parkhurst SM, Eisenman RN (1996) Myc and Max homologs in Drosophila. Science 274: 1523-1527. Find this article online
37. Garbe JC, Yang E, Fristrom JW (1993) IMP-L2: An essential secreted immunoglobulin family member implicated in neural and ectodermal development in Drosophila. Development 119: 1237-1250. Find this article online
38. Gaston K, Jayaraman PS (2003) Transcriptional repression in eukaryotes: Repressors and repression mechanisms. Cell Mol Life Sci 60: 721-741. Find this article online
39. Giot L, Bader JS, Brouwer C, Chaudhuri A, Kuang B, et al. (2003) A protein interaction map of Drosophila melanogaster. Science 302: 1727-1736. Find this article online
40. Goode S, Melnick M, Chou T-B, Perrimon N (1996) The neurogenic genes egghead and brainiac define a novel signaling pathway essential for epithelial morphogenesis during Drosophila oogenesis. Development 122: 3863-3879. Find this article online
41. Gottschling DE (2000) Gene silencing: Two faces of SIR2. Curr Biol 10: R708-R711. Find this article online
42. Gray S, Levine M (1996) Transcriptional repression in development. Curr Op Cell Biol 8: 358-364. Find this article online
43. Gutjahr T, Frei E, Noll M (1993) Complex regulation of early paired expression: Initial activation by gap genes and pattern modulation by pair-rule genes. Development 117: 609-623. Find this article online
44. Hanna-Rose W, Hansen U (1996) Active repression mechanisms of eukaryotic transcription repressors. Trends Genet 12: 229-234. Find this article online
45. Henikoff S, Ahmad K, Platero JS, van Steensel B (2000) Heterochromatic deposition of centromeric histone H3-like proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97: 716-721. Find this article online
46. Herschbach BM, Johnson AD (1993) Transcriptional repression in eukaryotes. Annu Rev Cell Biol 9: 479-509. Find this article online
47. Hill RJ, Mott MR (2000) Native polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster for light and electron microscopic observation of the conformation and distribution of molecules. Methods Mol Biol 123: 51-68. Find this article online
48. Hill RJ, Mott MR, Steffensen DM (1987) The preparation of polytene chromosomes for localization of nucleic acid sequences, proteins, and chromatin conformation. Int Rev Cytol 108: 61-118. Find this article online
49. Howard K, Ingham P (1986) Regulatory interactions between the segmentation genes fushi tarazu, hairy and engrailed in the Drosophila blastoderm. Cell 44: 949-957. Find this article online
50. Imai S, Armstrong CM, Kaeberlein M, Guarente L (2000) Transcriptional silencing and longevity protein Sir2 is an NAD-dependent histone deacetylase. Nature 403: 795-800. Find this article online
51. Ingham PW, Pinchin SM, Howard KR, Ish-Horowicz D (1985) Genetic analysis of the hairy locus in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 111: 463-486. Find this article online
52. Ish-Horowicz D, Pinchin SM (1987) Pattern abnormalities induced by ectopic expression of the Drosophila gene hairy are associated with repression of fushi tarazu transcription. Cell 51: 405-415. Find this article online
53. James KE, Dorman JB, Berg CA (2002) Mosaic analyses reveal the function of Drosophila Ras in embryonic dorsoventral patterning and dorsal follicle cell morphogenesis. Development 129: 2209-2222. Find this article online
54. Jennings BH, Tyler DM, Bray SJ (1999) Target specificities of Drosophila enhancer of split basic helix-loop-helix proteins. Mol Cell Biol 19: 4600-4610. Find this article online
55. Jepsen K, Rosenfeld MG (2002) Biological roles and mechanistic actions of co-repressor complexes. J Cell Sci 115: 689-698. Find this article online
56. Jiménez G, Paroush Z, Ish-Horowicz D (1997) Groucho acts as a corepressor for a subset of negative regulators, including Hairy and Engrailed. Genes Dev 11: 3072-3082. Find this article online
57. Johnston LA, Gallant P (2002) Control of growth and organ size in Drosophila. Bioessays 24: 54-64. Find this article online
58. Kawamura K, Shibata T, Saget O, Peel D, Bryant PJ (1999) A new family of growth factors produced by the fat body and active on Drosophila imaginal disc cells. Development 126: 211-219. Find this article online
59. Kosman D, Small S, Reinitz J (1998) Rapid preparation of a panel of polyclonal antibodies to Drosophila segmentation proteins. Dev Genes Evol 208: 290-294. Find this article online
60. +-regulated dehydrogenase. Mol Cell 10: 857-869. Find this article online
61. Lane ME, Sauer K, Wallace K, Jan YN, Lehner CF, et al. (1996) Dacapo, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, stops cell proliferation during Drosophila development. Cell 87: 1225-1235. Find this article online
62. Lawrence PA (1992) The making of a fly: The genetics of animal design. Oxford: Blackwell Science. 228 p.
63. Lehman DA, Patterson B, Johnston LA, Balzer T, Britton JS, et al. (1999) Cis-regulatory elements of the mitotic regulator, string/Cdc25. Development 126: 1793-1803. Find this article online
64. Leitch AR (2000) Higher levels of organization in the interphase nucleus of cycling and differentiated cells. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 64: 138-152. Find this article online
65. Lewis SE, Searle SM, Harris N, Gibson M, Lyer V, et al. (2002) Apollo: A sequence annotation editor. Genome Biol 3: RESEARCH0082. Find this article online
66. Mannervik M (2001) Corepressor proteins in Drosophila development. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 254: 79-100. Find this article online
67. Mannervik M, Levine M (1999) The Rpd3 histone deacetylase is required for segmentation of the Drosophila embryo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96: 6797-6801. Find this article online
68. Mannervik M, Nibu Y, Zhang H, Levine M (1999) Transcriptional coregulators in development. Science 284: 606-609. Find this article online
69. Meyer CA, Kramer I, Dittrich R, Marzodko S, Emmerich J, et al. (2002) Drosophila p27Dacapo expression during embryogenesis is controlled by a complex regulatory region independent of cell cycle progression. Development 129: 319-328. Find this article online
70. Montagne J, Radimerski T, Thomas G (2001) Insulin signaling: Lessons from the Drosophila tuberous sclerosis complex, a tumor suppressor. Sci STKE 105: PE36. Find this article online
71. Mullins MC, Rio DC, Rubin GM (1989) cis-acting DNA sequence requirements for P-element transposition. Genes Dev 3: 729-738. Find this article online
72. Myat MM, Andrew DJ (2002) Epithelial tube morphology is determined by the polarized growth and delivery of apical membrane. Cell 111: 879-891. Find this article online
73. Newman BL, Lundblad JR, Chen Y, Smolik SM (2002) A Drosophila homologue of sir2 modifies position-effect variegation but does not affect life span. Genetics 162: 1675-1685. Find this article online
74. Nibu Y, Zhang H, Levine M (1998a) Interaction of short-range repressors with Drosophila CtBP in the embryo. Science 280: 101-104. Find this article online
75. Nibu Y, Zhang H, Bajor E, Barolo S, Small S, et al. (1998b) dCtBP mediates transcriptional repression by Knirps, Kruppel and Snail in the Drosophila embryo. EMBO J 17: 7009-7020. Find this article online
76. Oellers N, Dehio M, Knust E (1994) bHLH proteins encoded by the Enhancer of split complex of Drosophila negatively interfere with transcriptional activation mediated by proneural genes. Mol Gen Genet 244: 465-473. Find this article online
77. Ogata K, Sato K, Tahirov TH, Tahirov T (2003) Eukaryotic transcriptional regulatory complexes: cooperativity from near and afar. Curr Opin Struct Biol 13: 40-48. Find this article online
78. Ohsako S, Hyer J, Panganiban G, Oliver I, Caudy M (1994) hairy function as a DNA-binding helix-loop-helix repressor of Drosophila sensory organ formation. Genes Dev 8: 2743-2755. Find this article online
79. Orian A, van Steensel B, Delrow J, Bussemaker HJ, Li L, et al. (2003) Genomic binding by the Drosophila Myc, Max, Mad/Mnt transcription factor network. Genes Dev 17: 1101-1114. Find this article online
80. Pardue ML, Gall JG (1975) Nucleic acid hybridization to the DNA of cytological preparations. Methods Cell Biol 10: 1-16. Find this article online
81. Parkhurst SM (1998) Groucho: Making its Marx as a transcriptional corepressor. Trends Genet 14: 130-132. Find this article online
82. Parkhurst SM, Bopp D, Ish-Horowicz D (1990) X:A ratio is transduced by helix-loop-helix proteins in Drosophila. Cell 64: 1179-1191. Find this article online
83. Parks S, Wieschaus E (1991) The Drosophila gastrulation gene concertina encodes a G alpha-like protein. Cell 64: 447-458. Find this article online
84. Paroush Z, Finley RL, Kidd T, Wainwright SM, Ingham PW, et al. (1994) Groucho is required for Drosophila neurogenesis, segmentation and sex-determination, and interacts directly with Hairy-related bHLH proteins. Cell 79: 805-815. Find this article online
85. Phippen TM, Sweigart AL, Moniwa M, Krumm A, Davie JR, et al. (2000) Drosophila CtBP functions as a context-dependent transcriptional cofactor and interferes with both Mad and Groucho transcriptional repression. J Biol Chem 275: 37628-37637. Find this article online
86. Pile LA, Wassarman DA (2000) Chromosomal localization links the SIN3-RPD3 complex to the regulation of chromatin condensation, histone acetylation and gene expression. EMBO J 19: 6131-6140. Find this article online
87. Pile LA, Wassarman DA (2002) Localizing transcription factors on chromatin by immunofluorescence. Methods 26: 3-9. Find this article online
88. Poortinga G, Watanabe M, Parkhurst SM (1998) Drosophila CtBP: A Hairy-interacting protein required for embryonic segmentation and Hairy-mediated transcriptional repression. EMBO J 17: 2067-2078. Find this article online
89. Quandt K, Frech K, Karas H, Wingender E, Werner T (1995) MatInd and MatInspector: New fast and versatile tools for detection of consensus matches in nucleotide sequence data. Nucleic Acids Res 23: 4878-4884. Find this article online
90. Ramet M, Lanot R, Zachary D, Manfruelli P (2002) JNK signaling pathway is required for efficient wound healing in Drosophila. Dev Biol 241: 145-156. Find this article online
91. Riesgo-Escovar JR, Hafen E (1997) Drosophila Jun kinase regulates expression of decapentaplegic via the ETS-domain protein Aop and the AP-1 transcription factor DJun during dorsal closure. Genes Dev 11: 1717-1727. Find this article online
92. Roose J, Molenaar M, Peterson J, Hurenkamp J, Brantjes H, et al. (1998) The Xenopus Wnt effector XTcf-3 interacts with Groucho-related transcriptional repressors. Nature 395: 608-612. Find this article online
93. Rørth P (1998) Ga14 in the Drosophila female germline. Mech Dev 78: 113-118. Find this article online
94. Rosenberg MI, Parkhurst SM (2002) Drosophila Sir2 is required for heterochromatic silencing and by euchromatic Hairy/E(Sp1) bHLH repressors in segmentation and sex determination. Cell 109: 447-458. Find this article online
95. Rubin GM, Hong L, Brokstein P, Evans-Holm M, Frise E, et al. (2000) A Drosophila complementary DNA resource. Science 287: 2222-2224. Find this article online
96. Rushlow CA, Hogan A, Pinchin SM, Howe KM, Lardelli MT, et al. (1989) The Drosophila hairy protein acts in both segmentation and bristle patterning and shows homology to N-myc. EMBO J 8: 3095-3103. Find this article online
97. Sasai Y, Kageyama R, Tagawa Y, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S (1992) Two mammalian helix loop helix factors structurally related to Drosophila hairy and Enhancer-of-split. Genes Dev 6: 2620-2634. Find this article online
98. Shi Y, Sawada J, Sui G, Affar EB, Whetstine JR, et al. (2003) Coordinated histone modifications mediated by a CtBP co-repressor complex. Nature 422: 735-738. Find this article online
99. Spellman PT, Rubin GM (2002) Evidence for large domains of similarly expressed genes in the Drosophila genome. J Biol 1: 5. Find this article online
100. Spradling AC (1986) P element-mediated transformation. In: Roberts DB, editor. Drosophila A practical approach. Oxford: IRL Press. pp 175-197.
101. Sundqvist A, Sollerbrant K, Svensson C (1998) The carboxy-terminal region of the adenovirus E1A activates transcription through targeting of a C-terminal binding protein-histone deacetylase complex. FEBS Lett 429: 183-188. Find this article online
102. Takata T, Ishikawa F (2003) Human Sir2-related protein SIRT1 associates with the bHLH repressors HES1 and HEY2 and is involved in HES1- and HEY2-mediated transcriptional repression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 301: 250-257. Find this article online
103. Tapon N, Moberg KH, Hariharan IK (2001) The coupling of cell growth to the cell cycle. Curr Opin Cell Biol 13: 731-737. Find this article online
104. Tautz D, Pfeifle C (1989) A nonradioactive in situ hybridization method for the localization of specific RNAs in Drosophila embryos reveals translational control of the segmentation gene hunchback. Chromosoma 98: 81-85. Find this article online
105. Tietze K, Oellers N, Knust E (1992) Enhancer of splitD a dominant mutation of Drosophila and its use in the study of functional domains of a helix-loop-helix protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 6152-6156. Find this article online
106. Turner J, Crossley M (2001) The CtBP family: Enigmatic and enzymatic transcriptional co-repressors. Bioessays 23: 683-690. Find this article online
107. Urnov FD, Wolffe AP, Guschin D (2001) Molecular mechanisms of corepressor function. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 254: 1-33. Find this article online
108. Van Doren M, Bailey AM, Esnayra J, Ede K, Posakony JW (1994) Negative regulation of proneural gene activity: hairy is a direct transcriptional repressor of achaete. Genes Dev 8: 2729-2742. Find this article online
109. van Steensel B, Henikoff S (2000) Identification of in vivo DNA targets of chromatin proteins using tethered dam methyltransferase. Nat Biotechnol 18: 424-428. Find this article online
110. van Steensel B, Delrow J, Henikoff S (2001) Chromatin profiling using targeted DNA adenine methyltransferase. Nat Genet 27: 304-308. Find this article online
111. Wieschaus E, Nüsslein-Volhard C (1986) Looking at embryos. In: Roberts DB, editor. Drosophila A practical approach. Oxford: IRL Press. pp 199-226.
112. Yamada K, Kawata H, Shou Z, Mizutani T, Noguchi T, et al. (2003) Insulin induces the expression of the SHARP-2/Stra13/DEC1 gene via a phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway. J Biol Chem 278: 30719-30724. Find this article online
113. Yu Y, Pick L (1995) Non-periodic cues generate seven ftz stripes in the Drosophila embryo. Mech Dev 50: 163-175. Find this article online
114. Zhang H, Levine M (1999) Groucho and dCtBP mediate separate pathways of transcriptional repression in the Drosophila embryo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96: 535-540. Find this article online
115. Ziegler M (2000) New functions of a long-known molecule. Emerging roles of NAD in cellular signaling. Eur J Biochem 267: 1550-1564. Find this article online