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note
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+ colonies exhibiting β-galactosidase activity were sequenced using the Ladderman dideoxy sequencing kit (Takara Shuzo, Japan). The four different dCtBP cDNA clones (one using Gal4-snail and three using Gal4-knirps) were not in the same reading frame as the Gal4 activation domain in the expression vectors. However, yeast has an intrinsic frame-shifting activity, which would be expected to result in the expression of small amounts of in-frame fusion proteins (28). Retransformation of yeast Y190 strains with in-frame dCtBP expression vectors resulted in reduced growth but specific interaction with the Knirps and Snail expression vectors.
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2642597736
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Abbreviations for the amino acid residues are as follows; A, Ala; C, Cys; D, Asp; E, Glu; F, Phe; G, Gly; H, His; I, Ile; K, Lys; L, Leu; M, Met; N, Asn; P, Pro; Q, Gln; R, Arg; S, Ser; T, Thr; V, Val; W, Trp; and Y, Tyr
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Abbreviations for the amino acid residues are as follows; A, Ala; C, Cys; D, Asp; E, Glu; F, Phe; G, Gly; H, His; I, Ile; K, Lys; L, Leu; M, Met; N, Asn; P, Pro; Q, Gln; R, Arg; S, Ser; T, Thr; V, Val; W, Trp; and Y, Tyr.
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note
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35S-labeled proteins were fractionated on a 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gel and visualized by autoradiography.
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note
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Genomic DNA was extracted from I(3)03463 heterozygous stocks, annealed with various primers, and then subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using standard methods. A 550-bp DNA fragment was obtained using a 23-nucleotide primer from the 5′ end of the dCtBP cDNA (TGAAAGCTGCGAGTGGAATTTGG) and a 28-nucleotide primer from the 3′ region of the P-element (CTTGCCGACGGGACCACCTTATGTTATT). The 5′ end of this PCR product contains 37 bp of perfect identity to the 5′ end of the dCtBP UTR. The remaining sequence does not contain any discernible homology with dCtBP, which suggests that the dCtBP UTR is interrupted by an intron located 37 bp downstream of the 5′ end of the largest dCtBP cDNA. It would appear that the P-element maps within this intron.
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1118 embryos as described (3). In situ hybridizations on whole mount preparations of staged, transgenic embryos were also done as described (3) using a digoxigenin-uridine triphosphate-labeled lacZ antisense RNA probe. The stripe 2 reporter gene and Gal4 expression vector are identical to those used by Arnosti et al. (8)
-
1118 embryos as described (3). In situ hybridizations on whole mount preparations of staged, transgenic embryos were also done as described (3) using a digoxigenin-uridine triphosphate-labeled lacZ antisense RNA probe. The stripe 2 reporter gene and Gal4 expression vector are identical to those used by Arnosti et al. (8).
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A GST-dCtBP fusion protein containing amino acid residues 8 to 383 was injected into a rat (Pocono Rabbit Farm, PA). The preimmune serum did not detectably cross-react with fixed embryos. The GST-dCtBP antiserum specifically stained nuclei in mixed-stage embryos. Reduced staining was detected in I(3)03463 homozygous embryos. Embryos were fixed and preincubated in bovine serum albumin as described (15). The rat serum was diluted 1:1000, and dCtBP was visualized using a 1:200 dilution of tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate-conjugated antibodies to rat immunoglobulin (Jackson Labs)
-
A GST-dCtBP fusion protein containing amino acid residues 8 to 383 was injected into a rat (Pocono Rabbit Farm, PA). The preimmune serum did not detectably cross-react with fixed embryos. The GST-dCtBP antiserum specifically stained nuclei in mixed-stage embryos. Reduced staining was detected in I(3)03463 homozygous embryos. Embryos were fixed and preincubated in bovine serum albumin as described (15). The rat serum was diluted 1:1000, and dCtBP was visualized using a 1:200 dilution of tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate-conjugated antibodies to rat immunoglobulin (Jackson Labs).
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45
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2642593704
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We thank D. Rio for help with PCR amplification, L. Pick for the yeast two-hybrid DNAs and the pACT cDNA expression library, and D. Rio, L. Mirels, and R. Tjian for helpful comments. Supported by NIH grant GM46638. Y.N. is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Uehara Memorial Foundation
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We thank D. Rio for help with PCR amplification, L. Pick for the yeast two-hybrid DNAs and the pACT cDNA expression library, and D. Rio, L. Mirels, and R. Tjian for helpful comments. Supported by NIH grant GM46638. Y.N. is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Uehara Memorial Foundation.
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