Groucho acts as a corepressor for a subset of negative regulators, including Hairy and Engrailed

Genes and Development

Volumn 11, Issue 22, 1997, Pages 3072-3082

  Jiménez, Gerardo ^a   Paroush, Ze'ev ^b   Ish Horowicz, David ^a  

^a IMPERIAL CANCER RESEARCH FUND   (United Kingdom)

^b HEBREW UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

Corepressor; Drosophila; Engrailed; Groucho; Hairy; Repression

Indexed keywords

HOMEODOMAIN PROTEIN; REGULATOR PROTEIN; REPRESSOR PROTEIN;

ARTICLE; DROSOPHILA; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; REGULATORY MECHANISM; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

GASTROPODA;

EID: 0030701604     PISSN: 08909369     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1101/gad.11.22.3072     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Alland, L., R. Muhle, H. Hou, J. Potes, L. Chin, N. Schreiberagus, and R.A. Depinho. 1997. Role for N-CoR and histone deacetylase in Sin3-mediated transcriptional repression. Nature 387: 49-55.
2. Arnosti, D.N., S. Gray, S. Barolo, J. Zhou, and M. Levine. 1996. The gap protein Knirps mediates both quenching and direct repression in the Drosophila embryo. EMBO J. 15: 3659-3666.
3. Aronson, B.D., A.L. Fisher, K. Blechman, M. Caudy, and J. P. Gergen. 1997. Groucho-dependent and -independent repression activities of Runt domain proteins. Mol. Cell Biol. 17: 5581-5587.
4. Austin, R.J. and M.D. Biggin. 1995. A domain of the Even-skipped protein represses transcription by preventing TFIID binding to a promoter: Repression by cooperative blocking. Mol Cell. Biol 15: 4683-4693.
5. Ausubel, F.J., R. Brent, R.E. Kingston, D.D. Moore, J.G. Seidman, J.A. Smith, and K. Struhl, eds. 1987-97. In Current protocols in molecular biology. Greene Publishing Associates and Wiley-Interscience, New York, NY.
6. Badiani, P., P. Corbella, D. Kioussis, J. Marvel, and K. Weston. 1994. Dominant interfering alleles define a role for c-Myb in T-cell development. Genes & Dev. 8: 770-782.
7. Barbash, D.A. and T.W. Cline. 1995. Genetic and molecular analysis of the autosomal component of the primary sex determination signal of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 141: 1451-1471.
8. Barolo, S. and M. Levine. 1997. Hairy mediates dominant repression in the Drosophila embryo. EMBO J. 16: 2883-2891.
9. Bell, L.R., E.M. Maine, P. Schedl, and T.W. Cline. 1988. Sex-lethal, a Drosophila sex determination switch gene, exhibits sex-specific splicing and sequence similarity to RNA binding proteins. Cell 55: 1037-1046.
10. Bettler, D., S. Pearson, and B. Yedvobnick. 1996. The nuclear protein encoded by the Drosophila neurogenic gene mastermind is widely expressed and associates with specific chromosomal regions. Genetics 143: 859-875.
11. Bier, E., H. Vässin, S. Younger-Shepherd, L.Y. Jan, and Y.N. Jan. 1992. deadpan, an essential pan-neural gene in Drosophila, encodes a helix-loop-helix protein similar to the hairy gene product. Genes & Dev. 6: 2137-2151.
12. Bopp, D., L.R. Bell, T.W. Cline, and P. Schedl. 1991. Developmental distribution of female-specific Sex-lethal proteins in Drosophila melanogaster. Genes & Dev. 5: 403-415.
13. Carroll, S.B. and M.P. Scott. 1986. Zygotically active genes that affect the spatial expression of the fushi tarazu segmentation gene during early Drosophila embryogenesis. Cell 45: 113-126.
14. Chou, T.B., E. Noll, and N. Perrimon. 1993. Autosomal P[o-voD1] dominant female-sterile insertions in Drosophila and their use in generating germ-line chimeras. Development 119: 1359-1369.
15. Cline, T.W. 1980. Maternal and zygotic sex-specific gene interactions in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 96: 903-926.
16. _. 1988. Evidence that sisterless-a and sisterless-b are two of several discrete "numerator elements" of the X/A sex determination signal in Drosophila that switch Sxl between two alternative stable expression states. Genetics 119: 829-862.
17. Cohen, S.M. 1993. Imaginal disc development. In The development of Drosophila melanogaster (ed. M. Bate and A. Martinez Arias), pp. 747-842. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
18. Conlon, F.L., S.G. Sedgwick, K.M. Weston, and J.C. Smith. 1996. Inhibition of Xbra transcription activation causes defects in mesodermal patterning and reveals autoregulation of Xbra in dorsal mesoderm. Development 122: 2427-2435.
19. Cowell, I.G. 1994. Repression versus activation in the control of gene-transcription. Trends Biochem. Sci. 19: 38-42.
20. Dawson, S.R., D.L. Turner, H. Weintraub, and S.M. Parkhurst. 1995. Specificity for the Hairy/Enhancer of split basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins maps outside the bHLH domain and suggests two separable modes of transcriptional repression. Mol. Cell. Biol 15:6923-6931.
21. De Celis, J.F. and M. Ruiz-Gómez. 1995. groucho and hedgehog regulate engrailed expression in the anterior compartment of the Drosophila wing. Development 121: 3467-3476.
22. Delidakis, C. and S. Artavanis-Tsakonas. 1992. The Enhancer-of-split [E(spl)] locus of Drosophila encodes seven independent helix-loop-helix proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 89: 8731-8735.
23. Delidakis, C., A. Preiss, D.A. Hartley, and S. Artavanis-Tsakonas. 1991. Two genetically and molecularly distinct functions involved in early neurogenesis reside within the Enhancer-of-split locus of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 129: 803-823.
24. Dynlacht, B.D., R.O. Weinzierl, A. Admon, and R. Tjian. 1993. The dTAFII80 subunit of Drosophila TFIID contains β-transducin repeats. Nature 363: 176-179.
25. Edmondson, D.G., M. Smith, and S.Y. Roth. 1996. Repression domain of the yeast global repressor TUP1 interacts directly with histones H3 and H4. Genes & Dev. 10: 1247-1259.
26. Fisher, A.L., S. Ohsako, and M. Caudy. 1996. The WRPW motif of the Hairy-related basic helix-loop-helix repressor proteins acts as a 4-amino-acid transcription repression and protein-protein interaction domain. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16: 2670-2677.
27. Gerwin, N., A. La Rosee, F. Sauer, H.P. Halbritter, M. Neumann, H. Jackle, and U. Nauber. 1994. Functional and conserved domains of the Drosophila transcription factor encoded by the segmentation gene knirps. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14: 7899-7908.
28. Gray, S. and M. Levine. 1996a. Short-range transcriptional repressors mediate both quenching and direct repression within complex loci in Drosophila. Genes & Dev. 10: 700-710
29. _.1996b. Transcriptional repression in development. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 8: 358-364.
30. Gray, S., P. Szymanski, and M. Levine. 1994. Short-range repression permits multiple enhancers to function autonomously within a complex promoter. Genes & Dev. 8: 1829-1838.
31. Gutjahr, T., E. Frei, C. Spicer, S. Baumgartner, R.A. White, and M. Noll. 1995. The Polycomb-group gene, extra sex combs, encodes a nuclear member of the WD-40 repeat family. EMBO J. 14: 4296-4306.
32. Han, K. and J.L. Manley. 1993a. Transcriptional repression by the Drosophila even-skipped protein: Definition of a minimal repression domain. Genes & Dev. 7: 491-503.
33. _. 1993b. Functional domains of the Drosophila Engrailed protein. EMBO J. 12: 2723-2733.
34. Hanna-Rose, W. and U. Hansen. 1996. Active repression mechanisms of eukaryotic transcription repressors. Trends Genet. 12: 229-234.
35. Harding, K., C. Rushlow, H.J. Doyle, T. Hoey, and M. Levine. 1986. Cross regulatory interactions among pair-rule genes in Drosophila. Science 233: 953-959.
36. Hartley, D.A., A. Preiss, and S. Artavanis-Tsakonas. 1988. A deduced gene product from the Drosophila neurogenic locus, Enhancer-of-split, shows homology to mammalian G-protein beta subunit. Cell 55: 785-795.
37. Heinzel, T., R.M. Lavinsky, T.M. Mullen, M. Soderstrom, C.D. Laherty, J. Torchia, W.M. Yang, G. Brard, S.D. Ngo, J.R. Davie, E. Scto, R.N. Eisenman, D.W. Rose, C.K. Glass, and M.G. Rosenfeld. 1997. A complex containing N-CoR, Msin3 and histone deacetylase mediates transcriptional repression. Nature 387: 43-48.
38. Heitzler, P., M. Bourouis, L. Ruel, C. Carteret, and P. Simpson. 1996. Genes of the Enhancer of split and Achaete-Scute complexes are required for a regulatory loop between Notch and Delta during lateral signaling in Drosophila. Development 122: 161-171.
39. Horlein, A.J., A.M. Naar, T. Heinzel, J. Torchia, B. Gloss, R. Kurokawa, A. Ryan, Y. Kamei, M. Soderstrom, C.K. Glass, and M.G. Rosenfeld. 1995. Ligand-independent repression by the thyroid hormone receptor mediated by a nuclear receptor co-repressor. Nature 377: 397-404.
40. Howard, K. and P. Ingham. 1986. Regulatory interactions between the segmentation genes fushi tarazu, hairy and engrailed in the Drosophila blastoderm. Cell 44: 949-957.
41. Ip, Y.T. and K. Hemavathy. 1997. Drosophila development - delimiting patterns by repression. Curr. Biol. 7: R216-R218.
42. Ish-Horowicz, D. and S.M. Pinchin. 1987. Pattern abnormalities induced by ectopic expression of the Diosophila gene hairy are associated with repression of fushi tarazu transcription. Cell 51: 405-415.
43. Jaynes, J.B. and P.H. O'Farrell. 1991. Active repression of transcription by the engrailed homeodomain protein. EMBO J. 10: 1427-1433.
44. Fiménez, G., S.M. Pinchin, and D. Ish-Horowicz. 1996. In vivo interactions of the Drosophila Hairy and Runt transcriptional repressors with target promoters. EMBO J. 15: 7088-7098.
45. John, A., S.T. Smith, and J.B. Jaynes. 1995. Inserting the ftz homeodomain into engrailed creates a dominant transcriptional repressor that specifically turns off ftz target genes in vivo. Development 121: 1801-1813.
46. Johnson, A.D. 1995. The price of repression. Cell 81: 655-658.
47. Keleher, C.A., M.J. Redd, J. Schultz, M. Carlson, and A.D. Johnson. 1992. Ssn6-TupI is a general repressor of transcription in yeast. Cell 68: 709-719.
48. Keyes, L.N., T.W. Cline, and P. Schedl. 1992. The primary sex determination signal of Drosophila acts at the level of transcription. Cell 68: 933-943.
49. Klämbt, C., E. Knust, K. Tietze, and J.A. Campos-Ortega. 1989. Closely related transcripts encoded by the neurogenic gene complex Enhancer of split of Drosophila melanogaster. EMBO J. 8: 203-210.
50. Klingler, M. and J.P. Gergen. 1993. Regulation of runt transcription by Diosophila segmentation genes. Mech. Dev. 43: 3-19.
51. Knust, E., H. Schrons, F. Grawe, and J.A. Campos-Ortega. 1992. Seven genes of the Enhancer of split complex of Drosophila melanogaster encode helix-loop-helix proteins. Genetics 132: 505-518.
52. Kokubo, T., D.W. Gong, S. Yamashita, R. Takada, R.G. Roeder, M. Horikoshi, and Y. Nakatani. 1993. Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of the Drosophila 85-kilodalton TFIID subunit. Mol. Cell Biol. 13: 7859-7863.
53. Kurokawa, R., M. Soderstrom, A. Horlein, S. Halachmi, M. Brown, M.G. Rosenfeld, and C.K. Glass. 1995. Polarity-specific activities of retinoic acid receptors determined by a co-repressor. Nature 377: 451-454.
54. Licht, J.D., W. Hanna-Rose, J.C. Reddy, M.A. English, M. Ro, M. Grossel, R. Shaknovich, and U. Hansen. 1994. Mapping and mutagenesis of the amino-terminal transcnptional repression domain of the Drosophila Krüppel protein. Mol. Cell Biol. 14: 4057-4066.
55. Martinez Arias, A. 1993. Development and patterning of the larval epidermis of Drosophila. In The development of Drosophila melanogaster (ed. M. Bate and A. Martinez Arias), pp. 517-608. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
56. Neer, E.J., C.J. Schmidt, R. Nambudripad, and T.F. Smith. 1994. The ancient regulatory-protein family of WD-repeat proteins. Nature 371: 297-300.
57. Parkhurst, S.M. and P.M. Meneely. 1994. Sex determination and dosage compensation: Lessons from flies and worms. Science 264: 924-932.
58. Parkhurst, S.M., D. Bopp, and D. Ish-Horowicz. 1990. X:A ratio, the primary sex determining signal in Drosophila, is transduced by helix-loop-helix proteins. Cell 63: 1179-1191.
59. Paroush, Z., R.L.J. Finley, T. Kidd, S.M. Wainwright, P.W. Ingham, R. Brent, and D. Ish-Horowicz. 1994. Groucho is required for Drosophila neurogenesis, segmentation and sex-determination, and interacts directly with Hairy-related bHLH proteins. Cell 79: 805-815.
60. Paroush, Z., S.M. Wainwright, and D. Ish-Horowicz. 1997. Torso signalling regulates terminal patterning in Drosophila by antagonising Groucho-mediated repression. Development 124: 3827-3834.
61. Patel, N.H., E. Martin-Bianco, K.G. Coleman, S.J. Poole, M.C. Ellis, T.B. Kornberg, and C.S. Goodman. 1989. Expression of engrailed protein in arthropods, annelids and chordates. Cell 58: 955-968.
62. Pazin, M.J. and J.T. Kadonaga. 1997. SWI2/SNF2 and related proteins - ATP-driven motors that disrupt protein-DNA interactions. Cell 88: 737-740.
63. Pirrotta, V. 1988. Vectors for P-mediated transformation in Drosophila. In Vectors, a survey of molecular cloning vectors and their uses (ed. R.L. Rodriquez and D.T. Denhardt), pp. 437-456. Butterworth, Boston, MA.
64. Preiss, A., D.A. Hartley, and S. Artavanis-Tsakonas. 1988. The molecular genetics of Enhancer of split, a gene required for embryonic neural development in Drosophila. EMBO J. 7: 3917-3927.
65. Rushlow, C.A., A. Hogan, S.M. Pinchin, K.R. Howe, M.T. Lardelli, and D. Ish-Horowicz. 1989. The Drosophila hairy protein acts in both segmentation and bristle patterning and shows homology to N-myc. EMBO J. 8: 3095-3103.
66. Sambrook, J., E.F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
67. Sanicola, M., J. Sekelsky, S. Elson, and W.M. Gelbart. 1995. Drawing a stripe in Drosophila imaginai disks: Negative regulation of decapentaplegic and patched expression by engrailed. Genetics 139: 745-756.
68. Sathe, S.S. and P.J. Harte. 1995. The Drosophila Extra sex combs protein contains WD motifs essential for its function as a repressor of homeotic genes. Mech. Dev. 52: 77-87.
69. Sauer, F., J.D. Fondell, Y. Ohkuma, R.G. Roeder, and H. Jäckle. 1995. Control of transcription by Kruppel through interactions with TFIIB and TFIIE beta. Nature 375: 162-164.
70. Schrons, H., E. Knust, and J.A. Campos-Ortega. 1992. The Enhancer of split complex and adjacent genes in the 96F region of Drosophila melanogaster are required for segregation of neural and epidermal progenitor cells. Genetics 132: 481-503.
71. Schwartz, C., J. Locke, C. Nishida, and T.B. Kornberg. 1995. Analysis of cubitus interruptus regulation in Drosophila embryos and imaginai disks. Development 121: 1625-1635.
72. Shepard, S.B., S.A. Broverman, and M. Muskavitch. 1989. A tripartite interaction among alleles of Notch, Delta, and Enhancer-of-split during imaginai development of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 122: 429-438.
73. Simon, T., D. Bornemann, K. Lunde, and C. Schwartz. 1995. The extra sex combs product contains WD40 repeats and its time of action implies a role distinct from other Polycomb group products. Mech. Dev. 53: 197-208.
74. Smith, D. and K. Johnston. 1988. Single-step purification of polypeptides expressed in E. coli as fusions with glutathione S-transferase. Gene 76: 31-40.
75. Smith, S.T. and J.B. Jaynes. 1996. A conserved region of Engrailed, shared among all En-, Gsc-, Nk1-, Nk2-and Mshclass homeoproteins, mediates active transcriptional repression in vivo. Development 122: 3141-3150.
76. Sondek, J., A. Bohm, D.G. Lambright, H.E. Hamm, and P.B. Sigler. 1996. Crystal structure of a G-protein βγ dimer at 2.1Å resolution. Nature 379: 369-374.
77. Spradling, A.C. 1986. P element-mediated transformation. In Drosophila: A practical approach (ed. D.B. Roberts), pp. 175-197. IRL Press, Oxford, UK.
78. Steller, H. and V. Pirrotta. 1985. A transposable P vector that confers G418 resistance to Drosophila larvae. EMBO J. 4: 167-171.
79. Tautz, D. and C. Pfeifle. 1989. A non-radioactive in situ hybridization method for the localization of specific RNAs in Drosophila embryos reveals translational control of the segmentation gene hunchback. Chromosoma 98: 81-85.
80. Treitel, M.A. and M. Carlson. 1995. Repression by SSN6-TUP1 is directed by MIG1, a repressor/activator protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, 92: 3132-3136.
81. Um, M., C. Li, and J.L. Manley. 1995. The transcriptional repressor Even-skipped interacts directly with TATA-binding protein. Mol Cell. Biol. 15: 5007-5016.
82. Verrijzer, C.P. and R. Tjian. 1996. TAFs mediate transcriptional activation and promoter selectivity. Trends Biochem. Sci. 21: 338-342.
83. Wall, M.A., D.E. Coleman, E. Lee, J.A. Iñiguez-Lluhi, B.A. Posner, A.G. Gilman, and S.R. Sprang. 1996. The structure of the G protein heterotnmer: Giα1β1γ2. Cell 83: 1047-1058.
84. Wolffe, A.P. 1997. Sinful repression. Nature 387: 16-17.
85. Younger-Shepherd, S., H. Vässin, E. Bier, L.Y. Jan, and Y.N. Jan. 1992. deadpan, an essential pan-neural gene encoding an HLH protein, acts as a denominator in Drosophila sex determination. Cell 70: 911-922.