Genetics of essential hypertension

Human Molecular Genetics

Volumn 13, Issue REV. ISS. 1, 2004, Pages

  Mein, Charles A ^a   Caulfield, Mark J ^a   Dobson, Richard J ^a   Munroe, Patricia B ^a  

^a QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALDOSTERONE SYNTHASE; ALPHA 2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; ANGIOTENSINOGEN; ATENOLOL; BETA 2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; ION; IRBESARTAN; PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE; THIAZIDE DIURETIC AGENT;

ANIMAL CELL; BLOOD PRESSURE; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; CHROMOSOME 6Q; DRUG RECEPTOR BINDING; DRUG TARGETING; ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION; FEMALE; GENE LOCUS; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC LINKAGE; GENOME ANALYSIS; GORDON SYNDROME; HUMAN; ION TRANSPORT; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; MALE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN TARGETING; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; RAT; REVIEW; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM;

ANIMALS; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; GENETIC SCREENING; GENOME; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; PHARMACOGENETICS; PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; RODENTIA; SYNDROME;

RODENTIA;

EID: 1842612033     PISSN: 09646906     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (93)

1. Vasan, R.S., Beiser, A., Seshadri, S., Larson, M.G., Kannel, W.B., D'Agostino, R.B. and Levy, D. (2002) Residual lifetime risk for developing hypertension in middle-aged women and men: The Framingham Heart Study. JAMA, 287, 1003-1010.
2. Snieder, H., Harshfield, G.A. and Treiber, F.A. (2003) Heritability of blood pressure and hemodynamics in African- and European-American youth. Hypertension, 41, 1196-1201.
3. Ward, R. (1990) Familial aggregation and genetic epidemiology of blood pressure. In Laragh, J.H. and Brenner, B.M. (eds), Hypertension: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management. Raven Press, New York, pp. 81-100.
4. Lifton, R.P., Gharavi, A.G. and Geller, D.S. (2001) Molecular mechanisms of human hypertension. Cell, 104, 545-556.
5. Wilson, F.H., Disse-Nicodeme, S., Choate, K.A., Ishikawa, K., Nelson-Williams, C., Desitter, I., Gunel, M., Milford, D.V., Lipkin, G.W., Achard, J.M. et al. (2001) Human hypertension caused by mutations in WNK kinases. Science, 293, 1107-1112.
6. Rapp, J.P. (2000) Genetic analysis of inherited hypertension in the rat. Physiol. Rev., 80, 135-172.
7. Kreutz, R., Hubner, N., James, M.R., Bihoreau, M.T., Gauguier, D., Lathrop, G.M., Ganten, D. and Lindpaintner, K. (1995) Dissection of a quantitative trait locus for genetic hypertension on rat chromosome 10. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 92, 8778-8782.
8. Julier, C., Delepine, M., Keavney, B., Terwilliger, J., Davis, S., Weeks, D.E., Bui, T., Jeunemaitre, X., Velho, G., Froguel, P. et al. (1997) Genetic susceptibility for human familial essential hypertension in a region of homology with blood pressure linkage on rat chromosome 10. Hum. Mol. Genet., 6, 2077-2085.
9. Levy, D., DeStefano, A.L., Larson, M.G., O'Donnell, C.J., Lifton, R.P., Gavras, H., Cupples, L.A. and Myers, R.H. (2000) Evidence for a gene influencing blood pressure on chromosome 17. Genome scan linkage results for longitudinal blood pressure phenotypes in subjects from the Framingham heart study. Hypertension, 36, 477-483.
10. Samani, N.J. (2003) Genome scans for hypertension and blood pressure regulation. Am. J. Hypertens., 16, 167-171.
11. Caulfield, M., Munroe, P., Pembroke, J., Samani, N., Dominiczak, A., Brown M., Benjamin, N., Webster, J., Ratcliffe, P., O'Shea, S. et al. (2003) Genome-wide mapping of human loci for essential hypertension. Lancet, 361, 2118-2123.
12. Garcia, E.A., Newhouse, S., Caulfield, M.J. and Munroe, P.B. (2003) Genes and hypertension. Curr. Pharm. Des., 9, 1679-1689.
13. Rao, D.C., Province, M.A., Leppert, M.F., Oberman, A., Heiss, G., Ellison, R.C., Arnett, D.K., Eckfeldt, J.H., Schwander, K., Mockrin, S.C. et al. (2003) A genome-wide affected sibpair linkage analysis of hypertension: The HyperGEN network(1). Am. J. Hypertens., 16, 148-150.
14. Kardia, S.L.R., Rozek, L.S., Krushkal, J., Ferrell, R.E., Turner, S.T., Hutchinson, R., Brown, A., Sing, C.F. and Boerwinkle, E. (2003) Genome-wide linkage analyses for hypertension genes in two ethnically and geographically diverse populations. Am. J. Hypertens., 16, 154-157.
15. Thiel, B.A., Chakravarti, A., Cooper, R.S., Luke, A., Lewis, S., Lynn, A., Tiwari, H., Schork, N.J. and Weder, A.B. (2003) A genome-wide linkage analysis investigating the determinants of blood pressure in whites and African Americans. Am. J. Hypertens., 16, 151-153.
16. Ranade, K., Hinds, D., Hsiung, C.A., Chuang, L.-M., Chang, M.-S., Chen, Y.-T., Pesich, R., Hebert, J., Chen, Y.-D.I. and Dzau, V. (2003) a genome scan for hypertension susceptibility loci in populations of Chinese and Japanese origins. Am. J. Hypertens., 16, 158-162.
17. von Wowern, F., Bengtsson, K., Lindgren, C.M., Orho-Melander, M., Fyhrquist, F., Lindblad, U., Rastam, L., Forsblom, C., Kanninen, T., Almgren, P. et al. (2003) A genome wide scan for early onset primary hypertension in Scandinavians. Hum. Mol. Genet., 12, 2077-2081.
18. Camp, N.J., Hopkins, P.N., Hasstedt, S.J., Coon, H., Malhotra, A., Cawthon, R.M. and Hunt, S.C. (2003) Genome-wide multipoint parametric linkage analysis of pulse pressure in large, extended utah pedigrees. Hypertension, 42, 322-328.
19. Atwood, L.D., Samollow, P.B., Hixson, J.E., Stern, M.P. and MacCluer, J.W. (2001) Genome-wide linkage analysis of pulse pressure in Mexican Americans. Hypertension, 37, 425-428.
20. Gong, M., Zhang, H., Schulz, H., Lee, Y.A., Sun, K., Bahring, S., Luft, F.C., Nurnberg, P., Reis, A., Rohde, K. et al. (2003) Genome-wide linkage reveals a locus for human essential (primary) hypertension on chromosome 12p. Hum. Mol. Genet., 12, 1273-1277.
21. Schuster, H., Wienker, T.E., Bahring, S., Bilginturan, N., Toka, H.R., Neitzel, H., Jeschke, E., Toka, O., Gilbert, D., Lowe, A. et al. (1996) Severe autosomal dominant hypertension and brachydactyly in a unique Turkish kindred maps to human chromosome 12. Nat. Genet., 13, 98-100.
22. Bahring, S., Rauch, A., Toka, O., Schroeder, C., Hesse, C., Siedler, H., Fesus, G., Haefeli, W.E., Busjahn, A., Aydin, A. et al. (2004) Autosomal-dominant hypertension with type E brachydactyly is caused by rearrangement on the short arm of chromosome 12. Hypertension, 43, 471-476.
23. Laivuori, H., Lahenno, P., Ollikainen, V., Widen, E., Haiva-Mallinen, L., Sundstrom, H., Laitinen, T., Kaaja, R., Ylikorkala, O. and Kere, J. (2003) Susceptibility loci for preeclampsia on chromosomes 2p25 and 9p13 in Finnish families. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 72, 168-177.
24. Angius, A., Petretto, E., Maestrale, G.B., Forabosco, P., Casu, G., Piras, D., Fanciulli, M., Falchi, M., Melis, P.M., Palermo, M. et al. (2002) A new essential hypertension susceptibility locus on chromosome 2p24-p25, detected by genomewide search. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 71, 893-905.
25. Zhu, D.L., Wang, H.Y., Xiong, M.M., He, X., Chu, S.L., Jin, L., Wang, G.L., Yuan, W.T., Zhao, G.S., Boerwinkle, E. et al. (2001) Linkage of hypertension to chromosome 2q14-q23 in Chinese families. J. Hypertens., 19, 55-61.
26. Wilson, F.H., Kahle, K.T., Sabath, E., Lalioti, M.D., Rapson, A.K., Hoover, R.S., Hebert, S.C., Gamba, G. and Lifton, R.P. (2003) Molecular pathogenesis of inherited hypertension with hyperkalemia: The Na-Cl cotransporter is inhibited by wild-type but not mutant WNK4. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 100, 680-684.
27. Yang, C.L., Angell, J., Mitchell, R. and Ellison, D.H. (2003) WNK kinases regulate thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransport. J. Clin. Invest., 111, 1039-1045.
28. Kahle, K.T., Wilson, F.H., Leng, Q., Lalioti, M.D., O'Connell, A.D., Dong, K., Rapson, A.K., MacGregor, G.G., Giebisch, G., Hebert, S.C. et al. (2003) WNK4 regulates the balance between renal NaCl reabsorption and K+ secretion. Nat. Genet., 35, 372-376.
29. --transporting epithelia. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 100, 663-668.
30. Delaloy, C., Lu, J., Houot, A.M., Disse-Nicodeme, S., Gasc, J.M., Corvol, P. and Jeunemaitre, X. (2003) Multiple promoters in the WNK1 gene: One controls expression of a kidney-specific kinase-defective isoform. Mol. Cell. Biol., 23, 9208-9221.
31. Zambrowicz, B.P., Abuin, A., Ramirez-Solis, R., Richter, L.J., Piggott, J., BeltrandelRio, H., Buxton, E.C., Edwards, J., Finch, R.A., Friddle, C.J. et al. (2003) Wnk1 kinase deficiency lowers blood pressure in mice: A gene-trap screen to identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 100, 14109-14114.
32. Kato, N., Mashimo, T., Nabika, T., Cui, Z.H., Ikeda, K. and Yamori, Y. (2003) Genome-wide searches for blood pressure quantitative trait loci in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat of a Japanese colony. J. Hypertens., 21, 295-303.
33. Kloting, I., Kovacs, P. and van den Brandt, J. (2001) Quantitative trait loci for body weight, blood pressure, blood glucose, and serum lipids: Linkage analysis with wild rats (Rattus norvegicus). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 284, 1126-1133.
34. Garrett, M.R., Joe, B., Dene, H. and Rapp, J.P. (2002) Identification of blood pressure quantitative trait loci that differentiate two hypertensive strains. J. Hypertens., 20, 2399-2406.
35. Wakeland, E., Morel, L., Achey, K., Yui, M. and Longmate, J. (1997) Speed congenics: A classic technique in the fast lane (relatively speaking). Immunol. Today, 18, 472-477.
36. Joe, B., Garrett, M.R., Dene, H. and Rapp, J.P. (2003) Substitution mapping of a blood pressure quantitative trait locus to a 2.73 Mb region on rat chromosome 1. J. Hypertens., 21, 2077-2084.
37. Frantz, S., Clemitson, J.R., Bihoreau, M.T., Gauguier, D. and Samani, N.J. (2001) Genetic dissection of region around the Sa gene on rat chromosome 1: Evidence for multiple loci affecting blood pressure. Hypertension, 38, 216-221.
38. Lo, M., Liu, K.L., Clemitson, J.R., Sassard, J. and Samani, N.J. (2002) Chromosome 1 blood pressure QTL region influences renal function curve and salt sensitivity in SHR. Physiol. Genom., 8, 15-21.
39. Cui, Z.H., Nemoto, K., Kawakami, K., Gonda, T., Nabika, T. and Masuda, J. (2002) Fine linkage mapping of the blood pressure quantitative trait locus region on rat chromosome 1. Hypertens. Res., 25, 605-608.
40. Clemitson, J.R., Pratt, J.R., Frantz, S., Sacks, S. and Samani, N.J. (2002) Kidney specificity of rat chromosome 1 blood pressure quantitative trait locus region. Hypertension, 40, 292-297.
41. Monti, J., Plehm, R., Schulz, H., Ganten, D., Kreutz, R. and Hubner, N. (2003) Interaction between blood pressure quantitative trait loci in rats in which trait variation at chromosome 1 is conditional upon a specific allele at chromosome 10. Hum. Mol. Genet., 12, 435-439.
42. Yagil, C., Hubner, N., Kreutz, R., Ganten, D. and Yagil, Y. (2003) Congenic strains confirm the presence of salt-sensitivity QTLs on chromosome 1 in the Sabra rat model of hypertension. Physiol. Genom., 12, 85-95.
43. Garrett, M.R., Zhang, X., Dukhanina, O.I., Deng, A.Y. and Rapp, J.P. (2001) Two linked blood pressure quantitative trait loci on chromosome 10 defined by dahl rat congenic strains. Hypertension, 38, 779-785.
44. Alemayehu, A., Breen, L., Krenova, D. and Printz, M.P. (2002) Reciprocal rat chromosome 2 congenic strains reveal contrasting blood pressure and heart rate QTL. Physiol. Genom., 10, 199-210.
45. Garrett, M.R. and Rapp, J.P. (2002) Multiple blood pressure QTL on rat Chromosome 2 defined by congenic Dahl rats. Mamm. Genome, 13, 41-44.
46. Lee, S.J., Liu, J., Qi, N., Guarnera, R.A., Lee, S.Y. and Cicila, G.T. (2003) Use of a panel of congenic strains to evaluate differentially expressed genes as candidate genes for blood pressure quantitative trait loci. Hypertens. Res., 26, 75-87.
47. Carr, F.J., Negrin, C.D., Clark, J.S., Graham, D., McBride, M.W., Anderson, N.W. and Dominiczak, A.F. (2002) Chromosome 2 reciprocal congenic strains to evaluate the effect of the genetic background on blood pressure. Scott. Med. J., 47, 7-9.
48. Palijan, A., Dutil, J. and Deng, A.Y. (2003) Quantitative trait loci with opposing blood pressure effects demonstrating epistasis on Dahl rat chromosome 3. Physiol. Genom., 15, 1-8.
49. Garrett, M.R. and Rapp, J.P. (2002) Two closely linked interactive blood pressure QTL on rat chromosome 5 defined using congenic Dahl rats. Physiol. Genom., 8, 81-86.
50. Pravenec, M., Kren, V., Krenova, D., Zidek, V., Simakova, M., Musilova, A., Vorlicek, J., Lezin, E.S. and Kurtz, T.W. (2003) Genetic isolation of quantitative trait loci for blood pressure development and renal mass on chromosome 5 in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Physiol. Res., 52, 285-289.
51. Garrett, M.R. and Rapp, J.P. (2003) Defining the blood pressure QTL on chromosome 7 in Dahl rats by a 177-kb congenic segment containing Cyp11b1. Mamm. Genome, 14, 268-273.
52. Khan, I.M., Singletary, E., Alemayehu, A., Stanislaus, S., Printz, M.P., Yaksh, T.L. and Taylor, P. (2002) Nicotinic receptor gene cluster on rat chromosome 8 in nociceptive and blood pressure hyperresponsiveness. Physiol. Genom., 11, 65-72.
53. Meng, H., Garrett, M.R., Dene, H. and Rapp, J.P. (2003) Localization of a blood pressure QTL to a 2.4-cM interval on rat chromosome 9 using congenic strains. Genomics, 81, 210-220.
54. Moujahidine, M., Dutil, J., Hamet, P. and Deng, A.Y. (2002) Congenic mapping of a blood pressure QTL on chromosome 16 of Dahl rats. Mamm. Genome, 13, 153-156.
55. Deng, A.Y., Dutil, J. and Sivo, Z. (2001) Utilization of marker-assisted congenics to map two blood pressure quantitative trait loci in Dahl rats. Mamm. Genome, 12, 612-616.
56. Sivo, Z., Malo, B., Dutil, J. and Deng, A.Y. (2002) Accelerated congenics for mapping two blood pressure quantitative trait loci on chromosome 10 of Dahl rats. J. Hypertens., 20, 45-53.
57. Palijan, A., Lambert, R., Dutil, J., Sivo, Z. and Deng, A.Y. (2003) Comprehensive congenic coverage revealing multiple blood pressure quantitative trait loci on Dahl rat chromosome 10. Hypertension, 42, 515-522.
58. Monti, J., Zimdahl, H., Schulz, H., Plehm, R., Ganten, D. and Hubner, N. (2003) The role of Wnk4 in polygenic hypertension: A candidate gene analysis on rat chromosome 10. Hypertension, 41, 938-942.
59. Hubner, N., Lee, Y.A., Lindpaintner, K., Ganten, D. and Kreutz, R. (1999) Congenic substitution mapping excludes Sa as a candidate gene locus for a blood pressure quantitative trait locus on rat chromosome 1. Hypertension, 34, 643-648.
60. St Lezin, E., Griffin, K.A., Picken, M., Churchill, M.C., Churchill, P.C., Kurtz, T.W., Liu, W., Wang, N., Kren, V., Zidek, V. et al. (1999) Genetic isolation of a chromosome 1 region affecting susceptibility to hypertension-induced renal damage in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Hypertension, 34, 187-191.
61. Cicila, G.T., Choi, C., Dene, H., Lee, S.J. and Rapp, J.P. (1999) Two blood pressure/cardiac mass quantitative trait loci on chromosome 3 in Dahl rats. Mamm. Genome, 10, 112-116.
62. Podolin, P.L., Armitage, N., Lord, C.J., Levy, E.R., Peterson, L.B., Todd, J.A., Wicker, L.S. and Lyons, P.A. (1998) Localization of two insulin-dependent diabetes (Idd) genes to the Idd10 region on mouse chromosome 3. Mamm. Genome, 9, 283-286.
63. Serreze, D.V., Bridgett, M., Chapman, H.D., Chen, E., Richard, S.D. and Leiter, E.H. (1998) Subcongenic analysis of the Idd13 locus in NOD/Lt mice: Evidence for several susceptibility genes including a possible diabetogenic role for beta 2-microglobulin. J. Immunol., 160, 1472-1478.
64. Lifton, R.P., Dluhy, R.G., Powers, M., Rich, G.M., Cook, S., Ulick, S. and Lalouel, J.M. (1992) A chimaeric 11 beta-hydroxylase/aldosterone synthase gene causes glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism and human hypertension. Nature, 355, 262-265.
65. Aitman, T.J., Glazier, A.M., Wallace, C.A., Cooper, L.D., Norsworthy, P.J., Wahid, F.N., Al-Majali, K.M., Trembling, P.M., Mann, C.J., Shoulders, C.C. et al. (1999) Identification of Cd36 (Fat) as an insulin-resistance gene causing defective fatty acid and glucose metabolism in hypertensive rats. Nat. Genet., 21, 76-83.
66. McBride, M.W., Carr, F.J., Graham, D., Anderson, N.H., Clark, J.S., Lee, W.K., Charchar, F.J., Brosnan, M.J. and Dominiczak, A.F. (2003) Microarray analysis of rat chromosome 2 congenic strains. Hypertension, 41, 847-853.
67. Hannon, G.J. (2002) RNA interference. Nature, 418, 244-251.
68. Shimkets, R.A., Warnock, D.G., Bositis, C.M., Nelson-Williams, C., Hansson, J.H., Schambelan, M., Gill, J.R., Jr, Ulick, S., Milora, R.V., Findling, J.W. et al. (1994) Liddle's syndrome: heritable human hypertension caused by mutations in the beta subunit of the epithelial sodium channel. Cell, 79, 407-414.
69. Snyder, P.M., Steines, J.C. and Olson, D.R. (2003) Relative contribution of Nedd4 and Nedd4-2 to ENaC regulation in epithelia determined by RNA interference. J. Biol. Chem., 279, 5042-5046.
70. Sacks, F.M., Svetkey, L.P., Vollmer, W.M., Appel, L.J., Bray, G.A., Harsha, D., Obarzanek, E., Conlin, P.R., Miller, E.R. 3rd, Simons-Morton, D.G. et al. (2001) Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group. N. Engl. J. Med., 344, 3-10.
71. Turnbull, F. (2003) Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: Results of prospectively-designed overviews of randomised trials. Lancet, 362, 1527-1535.
72. Wolf-Maier, K., Cooper, R.S., Kramer, H., Banegas, J.R., Giampaoli, S., Joffres, M.R., Poulter, N., Primatesta, P., Stegmayr, B. and Thamm, M. (2004) Hypertension treatment and control in five European countries, Canada, and the United States. Hypertension, 43, 10-17.
73. Koopmans, R.P., Insel, P.A. and Michel, M.C. (2003) Pharmacogenetics of hypertension treatment: A structured review. Pharmacogenetics, 13, 705-713.
74. Turner, S.T., Chapman, A.B., Schwartz, G.L. and Boerwinkle, E. (2003) Effects of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, alpha-adducin, and other candidate gene polymorphisms on blood pressure response to hydrochlorothiazide. Am. J. Hypertens., 16, 834-839.
75. Liljedahl, U., Karlsson, J., Melhus, H., Kurland, L., Lindersson, M., Kahan, T., Nystrom, F., Lind, L. and Syvanen, A.C. (2003) A microarray minisequencing system for pharmacogenetic profiling of antihypertensive drug response. Pharmacogenetics, 13, 7-17.
76. Gibbs, R.A. and Belmont, J.W. and Hardenbol, P. and Willis, T.D. and Yu, F. and Yang, H. and Ch'ang, L.Y. and Huang, W. and Liu, B. and Shen, Y. et al. (2003) The International HapMap Project. Nature, 426, 789-796.
77. Perola, M., Kainulainen, K., Pajukanta, P., Terwilliger, J.D., Hiekkalinna, T., Ellonen, P., Kaprio, J., Koskenvuo, M., Kontula, K. and Peltonen, L. (2000) Genome-wide scan of predisposing loci for increased diastolic blood pressure in Finnish siblings. J. Hypertens., 18, 1579-1585.
78. Harrap, S.B., Wong, Z.Y., Stebbing, M., Lamantia, A. and Bahlo, M. (2002) Blood pressure QTLs identified by genome-wide linkage analysis and dependence on associated phenotypes. Physiol. Genom., 8, 99-105.
79. Hsueh, W.C., Mitchell, B.D., Schneider, J.L., Wagner, M.J., Bell, C.J., Nanthakumar, E. and Shuldiner, A.R. (2000) QTL influencing blood pressure maps to the region of PPH1 on chromosome 2q31-34 in Old Order Amish. Circulation, 101, 2810-2816.
80. Krushkal, J., Ferrell, R., Mockrin, S.C., Turner, S.T., Sing, C.F. and Boerwinkle, E. (1999) Genome-wide linkage analyses of systolic blood pressure using highly discordant siblings. Circulation, 99, 1407-1410.
81. Rao, D.C., Province, M.A., Leppert, M.F., Oberman, A.l., Heiss, G., Ellison, R.C., Arnett, D.K., Eckfeldt, J.H., Schwander, K., Mockrin, S.C. et al. (2003) A genome-wide affected sibpair linkage analysis of hypertension: The HyperGEN network. Am. J. Hypertens., 16, 148-150.
82. Moses, E.K., Lade, J.A., Goo, G., Wilton, A.N., Grehan, M., Freed, K., Borg, A., Terwilliger, J.D., North, R., Cooper, D.W. et al. (2000) A genome scan in families from Australia and New Zealand confirms the presence of a maternal susceptibility locus for pre-eclampsia, on chromosome 2. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 67, 1581-1585.
83. Arngrimsson, R., Sigurard ttir, S., Frigge, M.L., Bjarnadttir, R.I., Jonsson, T., Stefansson, H., Baldursdottir, A., Einarsdottir, A.S., Palsson, B., Snorradottir, S. et al. (1999) A genome-wide scan reveals a maternal susceptibility locus for pre-eclampsia on chromosome 2p13. Hum. Mol. Genet., 8, 1799-1805.
84. Rice, T., Rankinen, T., Province, M.A., Chagnon, Y.C., Perusse, L., Borecki, I.B., Bouchard, C. and Rao, D.C. (2000) Genome-wide linkage analysis of systolic and diastolic blood pressure: The Quebec Family Study. Circulation, 102, 1956-1963.
85. Xu, X., Rogus, J.J., Terwedow, H.A., Yang, J., Wang, Z., Chen, C., Niu, T., Wang, B., Xu, H., Weiss, S. et al. (1999) An extreme-sib-pair genome scan for genes regulating blood pressure. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 64, 1694-1701.
86. Allayee, H., de Bruin, T.W., Michelle Dominguez, K., Cheng, L.S., Ipp, E., Cantor, R.M., Krass, K.L., Keulen, E.T., Aouizerat, B.E., Lusis, A.J. et al. (2001) Genome scan for blood pressure in Dutch dyslipidemic families reveals linkage to a locus on chromosome 4p. Hypertension, 38, 773-778.
87. Pankow, J.S., Rose, K.M., Oberman, A., Hunt, S.C., Atwood, L.D., Djousse, L., Province, M.A. and Rao, D.C. (2000) Possible locus on chromosome 18q influencing postural systolic blood pressure changes. Hypertension, 36, 471-476.
88. Hunt, S.C., Ellison, R.C., Atwood, L.D., Pankow, J.S., Province, M.A. and Leppert, M.F. (2002) Genome scans for blood pressure and hypertension: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study. Hypertension, 40, 1-6.
89. Sharma, P., Fatibene, J., Ferraro, F., Jia, H., Monteith, S., Brown, C., Clayton, D., O'Shaughnessy, K. and Brown, M.J. (2000) A genome-wide search for susceptibility loci to human essential hypertension. Hypertension, 35, 1291-1296.
90. Rice, T., Rankinen, T., Chagnon, Y.C., Province, M.A., Perusse, L., Leon, A.S., Skinner, J.S., Wilmore, J.H., Bouchard, C. and Rao, D.C. (2002) Genomewide linkage scan of resting blood pressure: HERITAGE Family Study. Health, Risk Factors, Exercise Training, and Genetics. Hypertension, 39, 1037-1043.
91. Ranade, K., Hsuing, A.C., Wu, K.D., Chang, M.S., Chen, Y.T., Hebert, J., Chen, Y.I., Olshen, R., Curb, D., Dzau, V. et al. (2000) Lack of evidence for an association between alpha-adducin and blood pressure regulation in Asian populations. Am. J. Hypertens., 13, 704-709.
92. Kristjansson, K., Manolescu, A., Kristinsson, A., Hardarson, T., Knudsen, H., Ingason, S., Thorleifsson, G., Frigge, M.L., Kong, A., Gulcher, J.R. et al. (2002) Linkage of essential hypertension to chromosome 18q. Hypertension, 39, 1044-1049.
93. Cooper, R.S., Luke, A., Zhu, X., Kan, D., Adeyemo, A., Rotimi, C., Bouzekri, N., Ward. R. and Rorimi, C. (2002) Genome scan among Nigerians linking blood pressure to chromosomes 2, 3, and 19. Hypertension, 40, 629-633.