Diabetes and inflammation

Herz

Volumn 29, Issue 8, 2004, Pages 749-759

  Cosentino, Francesco ^a,b   Assenza, Gabriele Egidy ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^b SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

Author keywords

Atherosclerosis; Diabetes; Endothelial dysfunction; Inflammation

Indexed keywords

2,4 THIAZOLIDINEDIONE DERIVATIVE; ABCIXIMAB; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ATORVASTATIN; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALPHOSTIN; CALPHOSTIN C; CARVEDILOL; CLOPIDOGREL; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITOR; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; FIBRIC ACID DERIVATIVE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LOSARTAN; LY 379196; MELOXICAM; MEVINOLIN; NADOLOL; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR AGONIST; PIOGLITAZONE; PRAVASTATIN; PROTEIN KINASE C INHIBITOR; RAMIPRIL; ROSIGLITAZONE;

ATHEROGENESIS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CELL FUNCTION; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; ENDOTHELIUM; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INFLAMMATION; INSULIN RESISTANCE; LIPOGENESIS; NONHUMAN; REVIEW; VASCULAR DISEASE;

ANIMALS; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS; ARTERIOSCLEROSIS; CYTOKINES; DIABETES MELLITUS; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; MODELS, IMMUNOLOGICAL; VASCULITIS;

EID: 12344293246     PISSN: 03409937     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00059-004-2635-8     Document Type: Review

References (101)

1. Albert MA, Danielson E, Rifai N, et al., for the PRINCE Investigators. Effect of statin therapy on C-reactive protein levels; the Pravastatin Inflammation/CRP Evaluation (PRINCE): a randomized trial and cohort study. JAMA 2001;286:64-70.
2. Aljada A, Dandona P. Effect of insulin on human aorticendothelial nitric oxide synthase. Metabolism 2000;49:147-50.
3. Aljada A, Ghanim H, Mohanty P, et al. Insulin inhibits the pro-inflammatory transcription factor early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1) expression in mononuclear cells (MNC) and reduces plasma tissue factor (TF) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) concentrations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:1419-22.
4. Altman R, Luciardi HL, Muntaner J, et al. Efficacy assessment of meloxicam, a preferential cyclooxygenase-2-inhibitor, in acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation: the Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs in Unstable Angina Treatment-2 (NUT-2) Pilot Study. Circulation 2002;106:191-5.
5. Bastie C, Holst D, Gaillard D, et al. Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors PPAR delta promotes induction of PPAR gamma and adipocyte differentiation in 3T3C2 fibroblast. J Biol Chem 1999;274:21920-5.
6. Beckman JA, Goldfine AB, Gordon MB, et al. Ascorbate restores endothelium-dependent vasodilatation impaired by acute hyperglycemia in humans. Circulation 2001;103:1618-23.
7. Biondi-Zoccai GGL, Abbate A, Liuzzo G, et al. Atherothrombosis, inflammation, and diabetes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:1071-7.
8. Bonora E, Kiechl S, Willeit J, et al. Prevalence rates, additional clinical features and risk of atherosclerosis in subjects with isolated insulin resistance and in subjects with plurimetabolic syndrome. Diabetes 2000;49:Suppl 1:A385.
9. Bonow RO, Gheorghiade M. The diabetes epidemic: a national and global crisis. Am J Med 2004;116:2S-10S.
10. Braissant O, Foufelle F, Scotto C, et al. Differential expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPARs): tissue distribution of PPAR-alpha, -beta, -gamma in the adult rat. Endocrinology 1996;137:354-66.
11. Brasier AR, Recinos A 3rd, Eledrisi MS. Vascular inflammation and the renin-angiotensin system. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002;22:1257-66.
12. Burleigh ME, Babaev VR, Oates JA, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 promotes early atherosclerotic lesion formation in LDL receptor-deficient mice. Circulation 2002;105:1816-23.
13. Bustos C, Hernandez-Presa MA, Ortego M, et al. HMG-CoA reductase inhibition by atorvastatin reduces neointimal inflammation in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;32:2027-64.
14. Cai H, Harrison DG. Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: the role of oxidant stress. Circ Res 2000;87:840-4.
15. Cai S, Pestic-Dragovich L, O'Donnel ME, et al. Regulation of cytoskeletal mechanics cell growth ((¢2)) by myosin light chain phosphorylation. Am J Physiol 1998;275:C1349-56.
16. Chew DP, Bhatt L, Robbins MA, et al. Effect of clopidogrel added to aspirin before percutaneous coronary intervention on the risk associated with C-reactive protein. Am J Cardiol 2001;88:672-4.
17. Cline GW, Petersen KF, Krssak M, et al. Impaired glucose transport as a cause of decreased insulin-stimulated muscle glycogen synthesis in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 1999;341:240-6.
18. Combs TP, Wagner JA, Berger J, et al. Induction of adipocyte complement-related protein of 30 kilodaltons by PPAR gamma agonist: a potential mechanism of insulin sensitization. Endocrinology 2002;143:998-1007.
19. Cosentino F, Eto M, de Paolis P, et al. High glucose causes upregulation of cyclooxigenase-2 and alters prostanoid profile in human endothelial cells: role of protein kinase C and reactive oxygen species. Circulation 2003;107:1017-23.
20. Cosentino F, Hishikawa K, Katusic ZS, et al. High glucose increases nitric oxide synthase expression and superoxide anion generation in human aortic endothelial cells. Circulation 1997;96:25-8.
21. Creager MA, Luscher TF, Cosentino F. Diabetes and vascular disease. Pathophysiology, clinical consequences, and medical therapy: part I. Circulation 2003;108:1527-32.
22. Crook MA, Tutt P, Pickup JC. Elevated serum sialic acid concentration in NIDDM and its relationship to blood pressure and retinopathy. Diabetes Care 1993;16:57-60.
23. Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002;359:995-1003.
24. Dandona P, Aljada A, Bandyopadhyay A, et al. Inflammation: the link between insulin resistance, obesity and diabetes. Trends Immunol 2004;25:4-7.
25. Dandona P, Aljada A, Chaudhuri A, et al. The potential influence of inflammation and insulin resistance on the pathogenesis and treatment of atherosclerosis-related complications in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:2422-9.
26. Dandona P, Karne R, Ghanim H, et al. Carvedilol inhibits reactive oxygen species generation by leukocytes and oxidative damage to aminoacid. Circulation 2000;101:122-4.
27. Daynes RA, Jones DC. Emerging roles of PPARs in inflammation and immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2002;2:748-59.
28. Delerive P, De Bosscher K, Besnard S, et al. Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor alpha negatively regulates the vascular inflammatory gene response by negative cross-talk with transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1. J Biol Chem 1999;274:32048-54.
29. Delerive P, Fruchart JC, Staels B. Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors in the inflammation control. J Endocrinol 2001;169:453-9.
30. Despres JP, Lamarche B, Mauriege P, et al. Hyperinsulinemia as an independent risk factor for ischemic heart disease. N Engl J Med 1996;334:952-7.
31. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993;329:977-86.
32. Dichtl W, Nilsson L, Goncalves I, et al. Very low-density lipoprotein activates nuclear factor-kappaB in endothelial cells. Circ Res 1999;84:1085-94.
33. Dresner A, Laurent D, Marcucci M, et al. Effects of free fatty acids on glucose transport and IRS-1 associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity. J Clin Invest 1999;103:253-9.
34. Esposito K, Nappo F, Marfella R, et al. Inflammatory cytokine concentrations are acutely increased by hyperglycemia in humans: role of oxidative stress. Circulation 2002;106:2067-72.
35. Fabris F, Zanocchi M, Bo M, et al. Carotid plaque, aging, and risk factors: a study of 457 subjects. Stroke 1994;25:1133-40.
36. Festa A, D'Agostino R Jr, Howard G, et al. Chronic subclinical inflammation as part of the insulin resistance syndrome: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS). Circulation 2000;102:42-7.
37. Festa A, D'Agostino R Jr, Mykkanen L, et al. Relative contribution of insulin and its precursors to fibrinogen and PAI-1 in a large population with different states of glucose tolerance: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999;19:562-8.
38. Freedman JE, Sauter R, Battinelli EM, at al. Deficient platelet-derived nitric oxide and enhanced hemostasis in mice lacking the NOSIII gene. Circ Res 1999;84:1416-21.
39. Geiss LS, Herman WH, Smith PJ. Mortality in non-insulin dependent diabetes. In: National Diabetes Data Group, ed. Diabetes in America, 2nd edn. NIH publication 95-1468. Bethesda: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of Health, 1995:233-57.
40. Goetze S, Kintscher U, Kim S, et al. Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-gamma ligands inhibit nuclear but not cytosolic extracellular signal-reduced kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase-regulated steps in vascular smooth cell migration. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2001;38:909-21.
41. Gonzalez MA, Selwyn AP. Endothelial function, inflammation, and prognosis in cardiovascular disease. Am J Med 2003;115:99S-106S.
42. Haffner SM, Letho S, Ronnemaa T, et al. Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1998;339:229-34.
43. Haffner SM, Mykkanen L, Festa A, et al. Insulin resistant prediabetic subjects have more atherogenic risk factors than insulin-sensitive prediabetic subjects: implications for preventing coronary heart disease during the prediabetic state. Circulation 2000;101:975-80.
44. Harris MI, Flegal KM, Cowie CC, et al. Prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance in U.S. adults: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Diabetes Care 1998;21:518-24.
45. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE Study and MICRO-HOPE Substudy. Lancet 2000;355:253-9.
46. Himmelmann A, Hansson L, Svensson A, et al. Predictors of stroke in the elderly. Acta Med Scand 1988;224:439-43.
47. Hirosumi J, Tuncman G, Chang L, et al. A central role for JNK in obesity and insulin resistance. Nature 2002;420:333-6.
48. Hotamisiligil GS. Inflammatory path ways and insulin action. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003;27:S53-5.
49. Hotamisligil GS, Peraldi P, Budavari A, et al. IRS-1 mediated inhibition of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity in TNF-alpha and obesity-induced insulin resistance. Science 1996;271:665-8.
50. Hotamisligil GS, Shargill NS, Spiegelman BM. Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha: direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance. Science 1993;259:87-91.
51. Howard BV, Rodriguez BL, Bennet PH, et al. Prevention Conference VI. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease, writing group I: epidemiology. Circulation 2002;105:e132-7.
52. Howard G, O'Learly DH, Zaccaro D, et al. Insulin sensitivity and atherosclerosis. The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) Investigators. Circulation 1996;93:1809-17.
53. Hsueh WA, Bruemmer D. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ: implications for cardiovascular disease. Hypertension 2004;43:297-305.
54. Hsueh WA, Law R. The central role of fat and effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma on progression of insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. Am J Cardiol 2003;92:Suppl:3J-9J.
55. Hsueh WA, Quinones MJ. Role of endothelial dysfunction in insulin resistance. Am J Cardiol 2003;92:Suppl:10J-7J.
56. Issemann I, Green S. Activation of a member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily by peroxisome proliferators. Nature 1990;347:645-50.
57. King GL. The role of hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia in causing vascular dysfunction in diabetes. Ann Med 1996;28:427-32.
58. King H, Aubert RE, Herman WH. Global burden of diabetes, 1995-2025: prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections. Diabetes Care 1998;21:1414-31.
59. Kinlay S, Rifai N, Libby P, et al., on behalf of the MIRACL Investigators. Effect of atorvastatin on C-reactive protein in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a substudy of the MIRACL Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;39:304A.
60. Kockx M, Gervois PP, Poulain P, et al. Fibrates suppress fibrinogen gene expression in rodents via activation of the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-alpha. Blood 1999;93:2991-8.
61. Kouroedov A, Eto M, Jock H, et al. Selective inhibition of protein kinase Cb2 prevents acute effects of high glucose on vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in human endothelial cells. Circulation 2004;110:91-6.
62. Kuboki K, Jiang ZY, Takahara N, et al. Regulation of endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase gene expression in endothelial cells and in vivo: a specific vascular action of insulin. Circulation 2000;101:676-81.
63. Landmesser U, Hornig B, Drexler H. Endothelial function. A critical determinant in atherosclerosis? Circulation 2004;109:Suppl II:II-27-33.
64. Lefer DJ. Statins as potent antiinflammatory drugs. Circulation 2002;106:2041-2.
65. Lehmann JM, Moore LB, Smith-Oliver TA, et al. An antidiabetic thiazolidinedione is a high affinity ligand for peroxisome proliferators- activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma). J Biol Chem 1995;270:12953-6.
66. Libby P. Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature 2002;420:868-74.
67. Libby P, Ridker PM. Novel inflammatory markers of coronary risk. Theory versus practice. Circulation 1999;100:1148-50.
68. Lin KY, Ito A, Asagami T, et al. Impaired nitric oxide synthase pathway in diabetes mellitus: a role of asymmetric dimethylarginine and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Circulation 2002;106:987-92.
69. Lincoff AM, Kereiakes DJ, Mascelli MA, et al. Abciximab suppresses the rise in levels of circulating inflammatory markers after percutaneous coronary revascularization. Circulation 2001;104:163-7.
70. Loscalzo J. Nitric oxide insufficiency, platelet activation, and arterial thrombosis. Circ Res 2001;88:756-62.
71. Magsino CH Jr, Hamouda W, Bapna V, et al. Nadolol inhibits reactive oxygen species generation by leukocytes and linoleic acid oxidation. Am J Cardiol 2000;86:443-8.
72. Malmberg K, Norhammar A, Wedel H, et al. Glycometabolic state at admission: important risk marker of mortality in conventionally treated patients with diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction: long-term results from the Diabetes and Insulin-Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction (DIGAMI) Study. Circulation 1999;99:2626-32.
73. Marx N, Sukhova G, Murphy C, et al. Macrophages in human atheroma contain PPAR-γ: differentiation-dependent peroxisomal proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) expression and reduction of MMP-9 activity through PPAR-γ activation in mononuclear phagocytes in vitro. Am J Pathol 1998;153:17-23.
74. McVeigh GE, Brennan GM, Johnston GD, et al. Impaired endothelium- dependent and independent vasodilation in patients with type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 1992;35:771-6.
75. Montagani M, Golovchenko I, Kim I, et al. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enhances mitogenic actions of insulin in endothelial cells. J Clin Biol Chem 2002;277:1794-9.
76. Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 1997;349:1269-76.
77. Nishikawa T, Edelstein D, Du XL, et al. Normalizing mitochondrial superoxide production blocks three pathways of hyperglycaemic damage. Nature 2000;404:787-90.
78. Oram JF. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 and cholesterol trafficking. Curr Opin Lipidol 2002;13:373-81.
79. Phillips MI, Kagiyama S. Angiotensin II as a pro-inflammatory mediator. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2002;3:569-77.
80. Pickup JC, Mattock MB, Chusney GD, et al. NIDDM as a disease of the innate immune system: association of acute-phase reactants and interleukin-6 with metabolic syndrome X. Diabetologia 1997;40:1286-92.
81. Pitt B, Pepine C, Willerson JT. Cyclooxygenase-2-inhibition and cardio-vascular events. Circulation 2002;106:167-9.
82. Pradhan AD, Manson JE, Rifai N, et al. C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA 2001;286:327-34.
83. Pradhan AD, Ridker PM. Do atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes share a common inflammatory basis? Eur Heart J 2002;23:831-4.
84. Randle PJ, Garland PB, Hales CN, et al. The glucose-fatty acid cycle: its role in insulin sensitivity and the metabolic disturbances of diabetes mellitus. Lancet 1963;i:785-9.
85. Reaven GM, Chen YD, Jeppesen J, et al. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in individuals with small, dense, low density lipoprotein particles. J Clin Invest 1993;92:141-6.
86. Ricote M, Huang J, Fajas L, et al. Expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPAR-γ) in human atherosclerosis and regulation in macrophages by colony stimulating factors and oxidized low density lipoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998;95:7614-9.
87. Ridker PM, Cushman M, Stampfer MJ, et al. Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men. N Engl J Med 1997;336:973-9.
88. Ridker PM, Rifai N, Clearfield M, et al., for the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study Investigators. Measurement of C-reactive protein for the targeting of statin therapy in the primary prevention of acute coronary events. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1959-65.
89. Roden M, Price TB, Perseghin G, et al. Mechanism of free fatty acid induced insulin resistance in humans. J Clin Invest 1996;97:2859-66.
90. Rosen ED, Walkey CJ, Puigserver P, et al. Transcriptional regulation of adipogenesis. Genes Dev 2000;14:1293-307.
91. Rosen ED, Sarraf P, Troy AE, et al. PPAR gamma is required for the differentiation of adipose tissue in vivo and in vitro. Mol Cell 1999;4:611-7.
92. Saltiel AR, Kahn CR. Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Nature 2001;414:799-806.
93. Schmidt AM, Hori O, Brett J, et al. Cellular receptors for advanced glycation end products: implications for induction of oxidant stress and cellular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of vascular lesions. Arterioscler Thromb 1994;14:1521-8.
94. Schmidt AM, Van SD, Wautier JL, et al. Activation of receptor for advanced glycation end products: a mechanism for chronic vascular dysfunction in diabetic vasculopathy and atherosclerosis. Circ Res 1999;84:489-97.
95. Steering Committee of the Physicians' Health Study Research Group. Final report on the aspirin component of the ongoing Physicians' Health Study. N Engl J Med 1989;321:129-35.
96. Tesfamariam B, Brown ML, Cohen RA. Elevated glucose impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation by activating protein kinase C. J Clin Invest 1991;87:1643-8.
97. Tracy RP, Psaty BM, Macy E, et al. Lifetime smoking exposure affects the association of C-reactive protein with cardiovascular disease risk factors and subclinical disease in healthy elderly subjects. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997;17:2167-76.
98. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS33). Lancet 1998;352:837-53.
99. Willerson JT, Ridker PM. Inflammation as a cardiovascular risk factor. Circulation 2004;109:Suppl II:II-2-10.
100. Zeng G, Nystrom FH, Ravichandran LV, et al. Roles for insulin receptor, PI3-kinase, and Akt in insulin-signaling pathways related production of nitric oxide in human vascular endothelial cells. Circulation 2000;101:1539-45.
101. Zhiheng H, King GL. Protein kinase Cb isoform inhibitors. A new treatment for diabetic cardiovascular diseases. Circulation 2004;110:7-9.