Glycometabolic state at admission: Important risk marker of mortality in conventionally treated patients with diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction. Long-term results from the diabetes and insulin-glucose infusion in acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI) study

Circulation

Volumn 99, Issue 20, 1999, Pages 2626-2632

  Malmberg, Klas ^a   Norhammar, Anna ^a   Wedel, Hans ^b   Rydén, Lars ^a  

^a KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^b Nordic School of Health   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Diabetes mellitus; Glucose; Insulin; Morbidity; Mortality; Myocardial infarction

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENT; GLUCOSE; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; INSULIN;

ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; ADULT; AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT; DIABETES MELLITUS; FEMALE; FIBRINOLYTIC THERAPY; GENDER; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; GLUCOSE METABOLISM; HEART FAILURE; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; MULTICENTER STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; SMOKING; SUBCUTANEOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION; SURVIVAL; TRANSLUMINAL CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY;

EID: 0033602795     PISSN: 00097322     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.99.20.2626     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Malmberg K, Rydén L. Myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus. Eur Heart J. 1988;9:256-264.
2. Abbud Z, Shindler D, Wilson A, Kostis J. Effect of diabetes mellitus on short- and long-term mortality rates of patients with cute myocardial infarction: a statewide study. Am Heart J. 1995;130:51-58.
3. Orlander PR, Goff DC, Morrissey M, Ramsey DJ, Wear ML, Labarthe DR, Nichaman MZ. The relation of diabetes to the severity of acute myocardial infarction and post-myocardial infarction survival in Mexican-Americans and non-Hispanic whites: the Corpus Christi Heart Project. Diabetes. 1994;43:897-902.
4. Woodfield SC, Lundergan CF, Reiner J S, Greenhouse SW, Thompson MA, Rohrbeck SC, Deychak Y, Simoons ML, Califf RM, Topol EJ, Ross AM. Angiographic findings and outcome in diabetic patients treated with thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: the GUSTO-1 experience. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;28:1661-1669.
5. Abbott R, Donahue R, Kannel W, Wilson P. The impact of diabetes on survival following myocardial infarction in men vs women. JAMA. 1988; 260:3456-3460.
6. Jacoby R, Nesto R. Acute myocardial infarction in the diabetic patient: pathophysiology, clinical course and prognosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992; 20:736-744.
7. Kuusisto J, Mykkänen L, Pyörälä K, Laakso M. NIDDM and its metabolic control predict coronary heart disease in elderly subjects. Diabetes. 1994;43:960-967.
8. Uusitupa M, Niskanen L, Siitonen O, Voutilainen E, Pyörälä K. Ten-year cardiovascular mortality in relation to risk factors and abnormalities in lipoprotein composition in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Diabetologia. 1993;36:1175-1184.
9. Klein R. Hyperglycemia and microvascular and macrovascular disease in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1995;18:258-268.
10. Andersson D, Svärdsudd K. Long-term glycemic control relates to mortality in type II diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1995;18:1534-1543.
11. Oswald G, Smith C, Betteridge J, Yudkin J. Determinants and importance of stress hyperglycaemia in non-diabetic patients with myocardial infarction. BMJ. 1986;293:917-922.
12. O'Sullivan J, Conroy R, Robinson K, Hickey N, Mulcahy R. In-hospital prognosis of patients with fasting hyperglycemia after first myocardial infarction. Diabetes Care. 1991;14:758-760.
13. Bellodi G, Manicardi V, Malvasi V, Veneri L, Bernini G, Bossini P, Distefano S, Magnani G, Muratori L, Rossi G. Hyperglycemia and prognosis of acute myocardial infarction in patients without diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol. 1989;64:885-888.
14. Mak K, Mah P, Tey B, Sin F, Chia G. Fasting blood sugar level: a determinant for in hospital outcome in patients with first myocardial infarction and without glucose intolerance. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1993;22:291-295.
15. Fava S, Aquilina O, Azzopardi J, Muscat H, Fenech F. The prognostic value of blood glucose in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction. Diabetic Med. 1996;13:80-83.
16. Malmberg K, Rydén L, Efendic S, Herlitz J, Nicol P, Waldenström A, Wedel H, Welin L. A randomized trial of insulin-glucose infusion followed by subcutaneous insulin treatment in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction: effects on one year mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26:57-65.
17. Malmberg K, Rydén L, Hamsten A, Herlitz J, Waldenström A, Wedel H. Effects of insulin treatment on cause specific one-year mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 1996;17:1337-1344.
18. Malmberg K. Prospective randomised study of intensive insulin treatment on long term survival after acute myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus. BMJ. 1997;314:1512-1515.
19. Cox D. Regression models and life-tables. J R Stat Soc (B). 1972;34: 187-220.
20. Gustafsson F, Kober L, Torp-Pederssen C, Hildebrandt P, Ottesent M, Sonne B, Carlsen J. Long-term prognosis after acute myocardial infarction in patients with a history of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J. 1998;19:588-594.
21. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:977-986.
22. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) group. Intense blood-glucose control with sulfonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet. 1998;352:837-852.
23. Taskinen MR, Packard CJ, Stepherd J. Effect of insulin therapy on metabolic fate of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in NIDDM. Diabetes. 1990;39:1017-1027.
24. Romano G, Patti L, Innelli F, Di Marino L, Anuzzi G, Iavicoli M, Coronel GA. Insulin and sulfonylurea therapy in NIDDM patients: are the effects on lipoprotein metabolism different even with similar blood glucose control? Diabetes. 1997;46:1601-1606.
25. Pyörälä K, Pedersen TR, Kjekshus J, Faergeman O, Olsson AG, Thorgeirsson G. Cholesterol lowering with simvastatin improves prognosis of diabetic patients with coronary heart disease: a subgroup analysis of the Scandinavian Survival Study (4S). Diabetes Care. 1997;20:614-620.
26. Eberli F, Weinberg E, Grice W, Horowitz G, Apstein C. Protective effect of increased glycolytic substrate against systolic and diastolic dysfunction and increased coronary resistance from prolonged global underperfusion and reperfusion in isolated rabbit hearts perfused with erythrocyte suspension. Circ Res. 1991;68:466-481.
27. Satler L, Green C, Kent K, Pallas R, Pearle D, Rackley C. Metabolic support during coronary reperfusion. Am Heart J. 1987;114:54-58.
28. Lazar H, Philippides G, Fitzgerald C, Lancaster D, Shemin R, Apstein C. Glucose-insulin-potassium solutions enhance recovery after urgent coronary artery bypass grafting. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1997;113:354-368.
29. Coleman G, Gradinac S, Taegtmeyer H, Sweeny M, Fraizer O. Efficacy of metabolic support with glucose-insulin-potassium for left ventricular pump failure after aortocoronary bypass surgery. Circulation. 1989; 80(suppl I):I-91-I-96.
30. Diaz R, Paolasso E, Piegas L, Tajer C, Moreno M, Corvalàn R, Isea J, Romero G; for the ECLA (Estudios Cardiol-gicos Latinoamérica) Collaborative Group. Metabolic modulation of acute myocardial infarction: the ECLA Glucose-Insulin-Potassium Pilot Trial in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Circulation. 1998;98:2227-2234.
31. Opie L, Thomas M. Propranolol and experimental myocardial infarction: substrate effects. Postgrad Med J. 1976;52(suppl 4):124-132.
32. Solomon S, Heckemeyer C, Barker J, Duckworth W. Hormonal control of lipolysis in perfused adipocytes from diabetic rats. Endocrinology. 1985; 117:1350-1354.
33. Chiappe de Cingolani G. β-Adrenergic receptors and adenylate cyclase activity in diabetic rat fat cells. Diabetes. 1986;35:1229-1232.
34. Morgan H, Cadenas E, Regen D, Park C. Regulation of glucose uptake in muscle, III: rate-limiting step and effects of insulin and anoxia in heart muscle from diabetic rats. J Biol Chem. 1961;236:262-268.
35. Opie L. Metabolism of free fatty acids, glucose and catecholamines in acute myocardial infarction: relation to myocardial ischemia and infarct size. Am J Cardiol. 1975;36:938-953.
36. Liedtke A. Alterations of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the acutely ischemic heart. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1981;23:321-336.
37. Malmberg K, Herlitz J, Hjalmarsson Å, Rydén L. Effects on metoprolol on mortality and late infarction in diabetics with suspected acute myocardial infarction: retrospective data from two large scale studies. Eur Heart J. 1989;10:423-428.
38. Ewing D. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy. In: Jarret R, ed. Diabetes and Heart Disease. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier; 1984:99-132.
39. Kjekshus J. Beta-blockers: heart rate reduction a mechanism of benefit. Eur Heart J. 1985;6(suppl A):29-30. Comment.
40. Hjalmarsson Å, Elmfeldt D, Herlitz J, Malek I, Ryden L, Vedin AAW, Wedel H, Elmfeldt D, Holmberg S. Effect on mortality of metoprolol in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet. 1981:823-827.
41. Beta-Blocker Heart Attack Research Group. A randomised trial of propranolol in patients with acute myocardial infarction, I: mortality results. JAMA. 1982;247:1707-1713.
42. Moye L, Pfeffer M, Wun C, Davis E, Geltman E, Hayes D, Farnham D, Randall O, Dinh H, Arnold O, Kupersmith D, Hager D, Glasser S, Biddle T, Hawkins C, Braunwald E. Uniformity of captopril benefit in the SAVE study: subgroup analysis. Eur Heart J. 1994;15(suppl B):2-8.
43. The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:293-302.
44. Zuanetti G, Latini R, Maggioni A, Franzosi M, Santoro L, Tognioni G. Effect of the ACE-inhibitor lisinopril on mortality in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction: data from the GISSI-3 study. Circulation. 1997;96:4239-4245.
45. Bueno H, Vidán T, Almazán A, López-Sendón L, Delcán J. Influence of sex on the short-term outcome of elderly patients with a first acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1995;92:1133-1140.