Retrovirus restriction factors

Molecular Cell

Volumn 16, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 849-859

  Goff, Stephen P ^a  

^a Och Spine at New York Presbyterian Hospitals   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIVIRUS AGENT; APOLIPOPROTEIN B MESSENGER RNA EDITING ENZYME CATALYTIC POLYPEPTIDE 3F; APOLIPOPROTEIN B MESSENGER RNA EDITING ENZYME CATALYTIC POLYPEPTIDE 3G; CEM15 PROTEIN; CYCLOPHILIN A; CYCLOSPORIN; CYP A PROTEIN; FV1 PROTEIN; FV4 PROTEIN; HYBRID PROTEIN; LENTIVIRUS RESTRICTION FACTOR 1; NUCLEIC ACID; REDOX EFFECTOR FACTOR 1; STROMAL CELL DERIVED FACTOR 1; TRIPARTITE MOTIF PROTEIN 5; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VIRUS DNA; VIRUS ENVELOPE PROTEIN; ZINC FINGER ANTIVIRAL PROTEIN;

ARTICLE; DEAMINATION; DNA SYNTHESIS; DNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITION; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE TARGETING; HOST PARASITE INTERACTION; HUMAN; IMMUNITY; LIFE CYCLE; NONHUMAN; RETROVIRUS; VIRUS GENE; VIRUS INFECTION; VIRUS INHIBITION; VIRUS REPLICATION;

DNA VIRUSES; LENTIVIRUS; UNIDENTIFIED RETROVIRUS;

EID: 10944260126     PISSN: 10972765     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2004.12.001     Document Type: Review

References (114)

1. Alce T.M., Popik W. APOBEC3G is incorporated into virus-like particles by a direct interaction with HIV-1 Gag nucleocapsid protein. J. Biol. Chem. 279:2004;34083-34086
2. Bassin R.H., Gerwin B.I., Levin J.G., Duran-Troise G., Benjers B.M., Rein A. Macromolecular requirements for abrogation of Fv-1 restriction by murine leukemia viruses. J. Virol. 35:1980;287-297
3. Beale R.C., Petersen-Mahrt S.K., Watt I.N., Harris R.S., Rada C., Neuberger M.S. Comparison of the differential context-dependence of DNA deamination by APOBEC enzymes. correlation with mutation spectra in vivo J. Mol. Biol. 337:2004;585-596
4. Benit L., De Parseval N., Casella J.F., Callebaut I., Cordonnier A., Heidmann T. Cloning of a new murine endogenous retrovirus, MuERV-L, with strong similarity to the human HERV-L element and with a gag coding sequence closely related to the Fv1 restriction gene. J. Virol. 71:1997;5652-5657
5. Berkhout B., van Hemert F.J. The unusual nucleotide content of the HIV RNA genome results in a biased amino acid composition of HIV proteins. Nucleic Acids Res. 22:1994;1705-1711
6. Besnier C., Takeuchi Y., Towers G. Restriction of lentivirus in monkeys. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 99:2002;11920-11925
7. Besnier C., Ylinen L., Strange B., Lister A., Takeuchi Y., Goff S.P., Towers G.J. Characterization of murine leukemia virus restriction in mammals. J. Virol. 77:2003;13403-13406
8. Best S., Le Tissier P., Towers G., Stoye J.P. Positional cloning of the mouse retrovirus restriction gene Fv1. Nature. 382:1996;826-829
9. Bick M.J., Carroll J.W., Gao G., Goff S.P., Rice C.M., MacDonald M.R. Expression of the zinc-finger antiviral protein inhibits alphavirus replication. J. Virol. 77:2003;11555-11562
10. Bishop K.N., Holmes R.K., Sheehy A.M., Davidson N.O., Cho S.J., Malim M.H. Cytidine deamination of retroviral DNA by diverse APOBEC proteins. Curr. Biol. 14:2004;1392-1396. a
11. Bishop K.N., Holmes R.K., Sheehy A.M., Malim M.H. APOBEC-mediated editing of viral RNA. Science. 305:2004;645. b
12. Bogerd H.P., Doehle B.P., Wiegand H.L., Cullen B.R. A single amino acid difference in the host APOBEC3G protein controls the primate species specificity of HIV type 1 virion infectivity factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 101:2004;3770-3774
13. Borden K.L. Pondering the promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) puzzle. possible functions for PML nuclear bodies Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:2002;5259-5269
14. Braaten D., Luban J. Cyclophilin A regulates HIV-1 infectivity, as demonstrated by gene targeting in human T cells. EMBO J. 20:2001;1300-1309
15. Braaten D., Franke E.K., Luban J. Cyclophilin A is required for an early step in the life cycle of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 before the initiation of reverse transcription. J. Virol. 70:1996;3551-3560
16. Cen S., Guo F., Niu M., Saadatmand J., Deflassieux J., Kleiman L. The interaction between HIV-1 Gag and APOBEC3G. J. Biol. Chem. 279:2004;33177-33184
17. Conticello S.G., Harris R.S., Neuberger M.S. The Vif protein of HIV triggers degradation of the human antiretroviral DNA deaminase APOBEC3G. Curr. Biol. 13:2003;2009-2013
18. Cowan S., Hatziioannou T., Cunningham T., Muesing M.A., Gottlinger H.G., Bieniasz P.D. Cellular inhibitors with Fv1-like activity restrict human and simian immunodeficiency virus tropism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 99:2002;11914-11919
19. de The H., Lavau C., Marchio A., Chomienne C., Degos L., Dejean A. The PML-RAR alpha fusion mRNA generated by the t(15;17) translocation in acute promyelocytic leukemia encodes a functionally altered RAR. Cell. 66:1991;675-684
20. Decker C.J. The exosome. a versatile RNA processing machine Curr. Biol. 8:1998;R238-R240
21. DesGroseillers L., Jolicoeur P. Physical mapping of the Fv-1 tropism host range determinant of BALB/c murine leukemia viruses. J. Virol. 48:1983;685-696
22. Dorfman T., Gottlinger H.G. The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid p2 domain confers sensitivity to the cyclophilin-binding drug SDZ NIM 811. J. Virol. 70:1996;5751-5757
23. Duran-Troise G., Bassin R.H., Wallace B.F., Rein A. Balb/3T3 cells chronically infected with N-tropic murine leukemia virus continue to express Fv-1b restriction. Virology. 112:1981;795-799
24. Franke E.K., Yuan H.E., Luban J. Specific incorporation of cyclophilin A into HIV-1 virions. Nature. 372:1994;359-362
25. Gamble T.R., Vajdos F.F., Yoo S., Worthylake D.K., Houseweart M., Sundquist W.I., Hill C.P. Crystal structure of human cyclophilin A bound to the amino-terminal domain of HIV-1 capsid. Cell. 87:1996;1285-1294
26. Gao G., Guo X., Goff S.P. Inhibition of retroviral RNA production by ZAP, a CCCH-type zinc finger protein. Science. 297:2002;1703-1706
27. Goff S.P. Operating under a Gag order. a block against incoming virus by the Fv1 gene Cell. 86:1996;691-693
28. Guo X., Ma J., MacDonald M.R., Goff S.P., Gao G. The zinc finger antiviral protein directly binds to specific viral mRNAs through the CCCH zinc finger motifs. J. Virol. 78:2004;12781-12787
29. Harris R.S., Bishop K.N., Sheehy A.M., Craig H.M., Petersen-Mahrt S.K., Watt I.N., Neuberger M.S., Malim M.H. DNA deamination mediates innate immunity to retroviral infection. Cell. 113:2003;803-809. a
30. Harris R.S., Sheehy A.M., Craig H.M., Malim M.H., Neuberger M.S. DNA deamination. not just a trigger for antibody diversification but also a mechanism for defense against retroviruses Nat. Immunol. 4:2003;641-643. b
31. Hatziioannou T., Cowan S., Goff S.P., Bieniasz P.D., Towers G.J. Restriction of multiple divergent retroviruses by Lv1 and Ref1. EMBO J. 22:2003;385-394
32. Hatziioannou T., Cowan S., Von Schwedler U.K., Sundquist W.I., Bieniasz P.D. Species-specific tropism determinants in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid. J. Virol. 78:2004;6005-6012. a
33. Hatziioannou T., Perez-Caballero D., Yang A., Cowan S., Bieniasz P.D. Retrovirus resistance factors Ref1 and Lv1 are species-specific variants of TRIM5alpha. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 101:2004;10774-10779. b
34. Henry J., Mather I.H., McDermott M.F., Pontarotti P. B30.2-like domain proteins. update and new insights into a rapidly expanding family of proteins Mol. Biol. Evol. 15:1998;1696-1705
35. Himathongkham S., Luciw P.A. Restriction of HIV-1 (subtype B) replication at the entry step in rhesus macaque cells. Virology. 219:1996;485-488
36. Hofmann W., Schubert D., LaBonte J., Munson L., Gibson S., Scammell J., Ferrigno P., Sodroski J. Species-specific, postentry barriers to primate immunodeficiency virus infection. J. Virol. 73:1999;10020-10028
37. Ikeda H., Laigret F., Martin M.A., Repaske R. Characterization of a molecularly cloned retroviral sequence associated with Fv-4 resistance. J. Virol. 55:1985;768-777
38. Ikeda H., Sugimura H. Fv-4 resistance gene. a truncated endogenous murine leukemia virus with ecotropic interference properties J. Virol. 63:1989;5405-5412
39. Ikeda Y., Ylinen L.M., Kahar-Bador M., Towers G.J. Influence of gag on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 species-specific tropism. J. Virol. 78:2004;11816-11822
40. Kai K., Ikeda H., Yuasa Y., Suzuki S., Odaka T. Mouse strain resistant to N-, B-, and NB-tropic murine leukemia viruses. J. Virol. 20:1976;436-440
41. Kai K., Sato H., Odaka T. Relationship between the cellular resistance to Friend murine leukemia virus infection and the expression of murine leukemia virus-gp70-related glycoprotein on cell surface of BALB/c-Fv-4wr mice. Virology. 150:1986;509-512
42. Kao S., Akari H., Khan M.A., Dettenhofer M., Yu X.F., Strebel K. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vif is efficiently packaged into virions during productive but not chronic infection. J. Virol. 77:2003;1131-1140. a
43. Kao S., Khan M.A., Miyagi E., Plishka R., Buckler-White A., Strebel K. The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vif protein reduces intracellular expression and inhibits packaging of APOBEC3G (CEM15), a cellular inhibitor of virus infectivity. J. Virol. 77:2003;11398-11407. b
44. Kao S., Miyagi E., Khan M.A., Takeuchi Y., Opi S., Goila-Gaur R., Strebel K. Production of infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 does not require depletion of APOBEC3G from virus-producing cells. Retrovirology. 1:2004;27
45. Keckesova Z., Ylinen L.M., Towers G.J. The human and African green monkey TRIM5alpha genes encode Ref1 and Lv1 retroviral restriction factor activities. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 101:2004;10780-10785
46. Kobayashi M., Takaori-Kondo A., Shindo K., Abudu A., Fukunaga K., Uchiyama T. APOBEC3G targets specific virus species. J. Virol. 78:2004;8238-8244
47. Kootstra N.A., Munk C., Tonnu N., Landau N.R., Verma I.M. Abrogation of postentry restriction of HIV-1-based lentiviral vector transduction in simian cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 100:2003;1298-1303
48. Kozak C.A., Chakraborti A. Single amino acid changes in the murine leukemia virus capsid protein gene define the target of Fv1 resistance. Virology. 225:1996;300-305
49. Lander E.S., Linton L.M., Birren B., Nusbaum C., Zody M.C., Baldwin J., Devon K., Dewar K., Doyle M., FitzHugh W., et al. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature. 409:2001;860-921
50. Lecossier D., Bouchonnet F., Clavel F., Hance A.J. Hypermutation of HIV-1 DNA in the absence of the Vif protein. Science. 300:2003;1112
51. Liddament M.T., Brown W.L., Schumacher A.J., Harris R.S. APOBEC3F properties and hypermutation preferences indicate activity against HIV-1 in vivo. Curr. Biol. 14:2004;1385-1391
52. Lilly F. Susceptibility to two strains of Friend leukemia virus in mice. Science. 155:1967;461-462
53. Lilly F., Pincus T. Genetic control of murine viral leukemogenesis. Adv. Cancer Res. 17:1973;231-277
54. Limjoco T.I., Dickie P., Ikeda H., Silver J. Transgenic Fv-4 mice resistant to Friend virus. J. Virol. 67:1993;4163-4168
55. Liu B., Yu X., Luo K., Yu Y., Yu X.F. Influence of primate lentiviral Vif and proteasome inhibitors on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virion packaging of APOBEC3G. J. Virol. 78:2004;2072-2081
56. Luban J., Bossolt K.L., Franke E.K., Kalpana G.V., Goff S.P. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag protein binds to cyclophilins A and B. Cell. 73:1993;1067-1078
57. Luo K., Liu B., Xiao Z., Yu Y., Yu X., Gorelick R., Yu X.F. Amino-terminal region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid is required for human APOBEC3G packaging. J. Virol. 78:2004;11841-11852
58. Madani N., Kabat D. An endogenous inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus in human lymphocytes is overcome by the viral Vif protein. J. Virol. 72:1998;10251-10255
59. Mangeat B., Turelli P., Caron G., Friedli M., Perrin L., Trono D. Broad antiretroviral defence by human APOBEC3G through lethal editing of nascent reverse transcripts. Nature. 424:2003;99-103
60. Mangeat B., Turelli P., Liao S., Trono D. A single amino acid determinant governs the species-specific sensitivity of APOBEC3G to Vif action. J. Biol. Chem. 279:2004;14481-14483
61. Mariani R., Chen D., Schrofelbauer B., Navarro F., Koenig R., Bollman B., Muenk C., Nymark-McMahon H., Landau N.R. Species-specific exclusion of AOPBEC3G from HIV-1 virions by Vif. Cell. 114:2003;21-31
62. Marin M., Rose K.M., Kozak S.L., Kabat D. HIV-1 Vif protein binds the editing enzyme APOBEC3G and induces its degradation. Nat. Med. 9:2003;1398-1403
63. Mehle A., Strack B., Ancuta P., Zhang C., McPike M., Gabuzda D. Vif overcomes the innate antiviral activity of APOBEC3G by promoting its degradation in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 279:2004;7792-7798
64. Melchior F., Schergaut M., Pichler A. Sumo. ligases, isopeptidases and nuclear pores Trends Biochem. Sci. 28:2003;612-618
65. Meyer M., Gaudieri S., Rhodes D.A., Trowsdale J. Cluster of TRIM genes in the human MHC class I region sharing the B30.2 domain. Tissue Antigens. 61:2003;63-71
66. Mitchell P., Petfalski E., Shevchenko A., Mann M., Tollervey D. The exosome. a conserved eukaryotic RNA processing complex containing multiple 3′→5′ exoribonucleases Cell. 91:1997;457-466
67. Munk C., Brandt S.M., Lucero G., Landau N.R. A dominant block to HIV-1 replication at reverse transcription in simian cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 99:2002;13843-13848
68. Nisole, S., Lynch, C., Stoye, J.P., and Yap, M.W. (2004). A Trim5-cyclophilin A fusion protein found in owl monkey kidney cells can restrict HIV-1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.
69. Odaka T., Ikeda H., Yoshikura H., Moriwaki K., Suzuki S. Fv-4. gene controlling resistance to NB-tropic Friend murine leukemia virus. Distribution in wild mice, introduction into genetic background of BALB/c mice, and mapping of chromosomes J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 67:1981;1123-1127
70. Owens C.M., Yang P.C., Gottlinger H., Sodroski J. Human and simian immunodeficiency virus capsid proteins are major viral determinants of early, postentry replication blocks in simian cells. J. Virol. 77:2003;726-731
71. Owens C.M., Song B., Perron M.J., Yang P.C., Stremlau M., Sodroski J. Binding and susceptibility to postentry restriction factors in monkey cells are specified by distinct regions of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid. J. Virol. 78:2004;5423-5437
72. Perron M.J., Stremlau M., Song B., Ulm W., Mulligan R.C., Sodroski J. TRIM5alpha mediates the postentry block to N-tropic murine leukemia viruses in human cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 101:2004;11827-11832
73. Pincus T., Hartley J.W., Rowe W.P. A major genetic locus affecting resistance to infection with murine leukemia viruses. I. Tissue culture studies of naturally occuring viruses. J. Exp. Med. 133:1971;1219-1233
74. Pincus T., Hartley J.W., Rowe W.P. A major genetic locus affecting resistance to infection with murine leukemia viruses. IV. Dose-response relationships in Fv-1 sensitive and resistant cell cultures. Virology. 65:1975;333-342
75. Pryciak P.M., Varmus H.E. Fv-1 restriction and its effects on murine leukemia virus integration in vivo and in vitro. J. Virol. 66:1992;5959-5966
76. Reymond A., Meroni G., Fantozzi A., Merla G., Cairo S., Luzi L., Riganelli D., Zanaria E., Messali S., Cainarca S., et al. The tripartite motif family identifies cell compartments. EMBO J. 20:2001;2140-2151
77. Sayah D.M., Luban J. Selection for loss of Ref1 activity in human cells releases HIV-1 from cyclophilin A dependence during infection. J. Virol. 78:2004;12066-12070
78. Sayah D.M., Sokolskaja E., Berthoux L., Luban J. Cyclophilin A retrotransposition into TRIM5 explains owl monkey resistance to HIV-1. Nature. 430:2004;569-573
79. Schafer A., Bogerd H.P., Cullen B.R. Specific packaging of APOBEC3G into HIV-1 virions is mediated by the nucleocapsid domain of the gag polyprotein precursor. Virology. 328:2004;163-168
80. Schrofelbauer B., Chen D., Landau N.R. A single amino acid of APOBEC3G controls its species-specific interaction with virion infectivity factor (Vif). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 101:2004;3927-3932
81. Schwartz O., Marechal V., Friguet B., Arenzana-Seisdedos F., Heard J.M. Antiviral activity of the proteasome on incoming human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J. Virol. 72:1998;3845-3850
82. Shaheen F., Collman R.G. Co-receptor antagonists as HIV-1 entry inhibitors. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 17:2004;7-16
83. Sheehy A.M., Gaddis N.C., Choi J.D., Malim M.H. Isolation of a human gene that inhibits HIV-1 infection and is suppressed by the viral Vif protein. Nature. 418:2002;646-650
84. Sheehy A.M., Gaddis N.C., Malim M.H. The antiretroviral enzyme APOBEC3G is degraded by the proteasome in response to HIV-1 Vif. Nat. Med. 9:2003;1404-1407
85. Shibata R., Sakai H., Kawamura M., Tokunaga K., Adachi A. Early replication block of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in monkey cells. J. Gen. Virol. 76:1995;2723-2730
86. Shindo K., Takaori-Kondo A., Kobayashi M., Abudu A., Fukunaga K., Uchiyama T. The enzymatic activity of CEM15/Apobec-3G is essential for the regulation of the infectivity of HIV-1 virion but not a sole determinant of its antiviral activity. J. Biol. Chem. 278:2003;44412-44416
87. Simon J.H., Gaddis N.C., Fouchier R.A., Malim M.H. Evidence for a newly discovered cellular anti-HIV-1 phenotype. Nat. Med. 4:1998;1397-1400. a
88. Simon J.H., Miller D.L., Fouchier R.A., Soares M.A., Peden K.W., Malim M.H. The regulation of primate immunodeficiency virus infectivity by Vif is cell species restricted. a role for Vif in determining virus host range and cross-species transmission EMBO J. 17:1998;1259-1267. b
89. Smit A.F. Interspersed repeats and other mementos of transposable elements in mammalian genomes. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 9:1999;657-663
90. Song B., Gold B., O'hUigin C., Javanbakht H., Li X., Stremlau M., Winkler C., Dean M., Sodroski J.G. The B30.2 (SPRY) domain of the retroviral restriction factor TRIM5a exhibits lineage-specific length and sequence variation in primates. J. Virol. in press:2005
91. Stopak K., de Noronha C., Yonemoto W., Greene W.C. HIV-1 Vif blocks the antiviral activity of APOBEC3G by impairing both its translation and intracellular stability. Mol. Cell. 12:2003;591-601
92. Stoye J.P. An intracellular block to primate lentivirus replication. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 99:2002;11549-11551
93. Stremlau M., Owens C.M., Perron M.J., Kiessling M., Autissier P., Sodroski J. The cytoplasmic body component TRIM5alpha restricts HIV-1 infection in Old World monkeys. Nature. 427:2004;848-853
94. Suzuki S. FV-4. a new gene affecting the splenomegaly induction by friend leukemia virus Jpn. J. Exp. Med. 45:1975;473-478
95. Svarovskaia E.S., Xu H., Mbisa J.L., Barr R., Gorelick R.J., Ono A., Freed E.O., Hu W.S., Pathak V.K. Human apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme-catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3G) is incorporated into HIV-1 virions through interactions with viral and nonviral RNAs. J. Biol. Chem. 279:2004;35822-35828
96. Thali M., Bukovsky A., Kondo E., Rosenwirth B., Walsh C.T., Sodroski J., Gottlinger H.G. Functional association of cyclophilin A with HIV-1 virions. Nature. 372:1994;363-365
97. Towers G., Bock M., Martin S., Takeuchi Y., Stoye J.P., Danos O. A conserved mechanism of retrovirus restriction in mammals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 97:2000;12295-12299
98. Towers G., Collins M., Takeuchi Y. Abrogation of Ref1 retrovirus restriction in human cells. J. Virol. 76:2002;2548-2550
99. Towers G.J., Hatziioannou T., Cowan S., Goff S.P., Luban J., Bieniasz P.D. Cyclophilin A modulates the sensitivity of HIV-1 to host restriction factors. Nat. Med. 9:2003;1138-1143
100. Turelli P., Mangeat B., Jost S., Vianin S., Trono D. Inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication by APOBEC3G. Science. 303:2004;1829. a
101. Turelli P., Vianin S., Trono D. The innate antiretroviral factor APOBEC3G does not affect human LINE-1 retrotransposition in a cell culture assay. J. Biol. Chem. 279:2004;43371-43373. b
102. Vajdos F.F., Yoo S., Houseweart M., Sundquist W.I., Hill C.P. Crystal structure of cyclophilin A complexed with a binding site peptide from the HIV-1 capsid protein. Protein Sci. 6:1997;2297-2307
103. Wichroski, M.J., Ichiyama, K., and Rana, T.M. (2004). Analysis of HIV-1 Vif-mediated proteasome-dependent depletion of APOBEC3G: Correlating function and subcellular localization. J. Biol. Chem., in press. Published online November 10, 2004.
104. Wiegand H.L., Doehle B.P., Bogerd H.P., Cullen B.R. A second human antiretroviral factor, APOBEC3F, is suppressed by the HIV-1 and HIV-2 Vif proteins. EMBO J. 23:2004;2451-2458
105. Xu H., Svarovskaia E.S., Barr R., Zhang Y., Khan M.A., Strebel K., Pathak V.K. A single amino acid substitution in human APOBEC3G antiretroviral enzyme confers resistance to HIV-1 virion infectivity factor-induced depletion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 101:2004;5652-5657
106. Xu L., Yang L., Moitra P.K., Hashimoto K., Rallabhandi P., Kaul S., Meroni G., Jensen J.P., Weissman A.M., D'Arpa P. BTBD1 and BTBD2 colocalize to cytoplasmic bodies with the RBCC/tripartite motif protein, TRIM5delta. Exp. Cell Res. 288:2003;84-93
107. Yap M.W., Stoye J.P. Intracellular localisation of Fv1. Virology. 307:2003;76-89
108. Yap M.W., Nisole S., Lynch C., Stoye J.P. Trim5alpha protein restricts both HIV-1 and murine leukemia virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 101:2004;10786-10791
109. Yoo S., Myszka D.G., Yeh C., McMurray M., Hill C.P., Sundquist W.I. Molecular recognition in the HIV-1 capsid/cyclophilin A complex. J. Mol. Biol. 269:1997;780-795
110. Yu Q., Konig R., Pillai S., Chiles K., Kearney M., Palmer S., Richman D., Coffin J.M., Landau N.R. Single-strand specificity of APOBEC3G accounts for minus-strand deamination of the HIV genome. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 11:2004;435-442
111. Yu X., Yu Y., Liu B., Luo K., Kong W., Mao P., Yu X.F. Induction of APOBEC3G ubiquitination and degradation by an HIV-1 Vif-Cul5-SCF complex. Science. 302:2003;1056-1060
112. Zennou V., Perez-Caballero D., Gottlinger H., Bieniasz P.D. APOBEC3G incorporation into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 particles. J. Virol. 78:2004;12058-12061
113. Zhang H., Yang B., Pomerantz R.J., Zhang C., Arunachalam S.C., Gao L. The cytidine deaminase CEM15 induces hypermutation in newly synthesized HIV-1 DNA. Nature. 424:2003;94-98
114. Zheng Y.H., Irwin D., Kurosu T., Tokunaga K., Sata T., Peterlin B.M. Human APOBEC3F is another host factor that blocks human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication. J. Virol. 78:2004;6073-6076