메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 7, 2000, Pages 1731-1742

DNA polymerase mu (Pol μ), homologous to TdT, could act as a DNA mutator in eukaryotic cells

Author keywords

Human DNA polymerase; Mutator; Somatic hypermutation; Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase

Indexed keywords

DNA; DNA NUCLEOTIDYLEXOTRANSFERASE; DNA POLYMERASE; MAGNESIUM ION; MANGANESE; MESSENGER RNA; MUTAGENIC AGENT; NUCLEOTIDE;

EID: 0242634246     PISSN: 02614189     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (244)

References (60)
  • 2
    • 0030071749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An inmunoglobulin mutator that targets G:C hase pairs
    • Bachl, J. and Wabl, M. (1996) An inmunoglobulin mutator that targets G:C hase pairs. Proc. Natl Acad Sci. USA, 93, 851-855.
    • (1996) Proc. Natl Acad Sci. USA , vol.93 , pp. 851-855
    • Bachl, J.1    Wabl, M.2
  • 3
    • 0016349260 scopus 로고
    • Is terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase a somatic mutagen in lymphocytes?
    • Baltimore, D. (1974) Is terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase a somatic mutagen in lymphocytes? Nature, 248, 409-411.
    • (1974) Nature , vol.248 , pp. 409-411
    • Baltimore, D.1
  • 4
    • 0028857175 scopus 로고
    • Analyzing fidelity of DNA polymerases
    • Bebenek, K. and Kunkel, T.A. (1995) Analyzing fidelity of DNA polymerases. Methods Enzymol., 262, 217-232.
    • (1995) Methods Enzymol. , vol.262 , pp. 217-232
    • Bebenek, K.1    Kunkel, T.A.2
  • 5
    • 0022348809 scopus 로고
    • On the fidelity of DNA replication: Manganese mutagenesis in vitro
    • Beckman, R.A., Mildvan, A.S. and Loeb, L.A. (1985) On the fidelity of DNA replication: manganese mutagenesis in vitro. Biochemistry, 24, 5810-5817.
    • (1985) Biochemistry , vol.24 , pp. 5810-5817
    • Beckman, R.A.1    Mildvan, A.S.2    Loeb, L.A.3
  • 6
    • 0029155451 scopus 로고
    • The two isoforms of mouse terminal deoxynudeotidyl transferase differ in both the ability to add N regions and subcellular localization
    • Bentolila, L.A., Fanton d'Andon, M., Nguyen, Q.T., Martinez, O., Rougeon, F. and Doyen, N. (1995) The two isoforms of mouse terminal deoxynudeotidyl transferase differ in both the ability to add N regions and subcellular localization. EMBO J., 14, 4221-4229.
    • (1995) EMBO J. , vol.14 , pp. 4221-4229
    • Bentolila, L.A.1    Fanton D'Andon, M.2    Nguyen, Q.T.3    Martinez, O.4    Rougeon, F.5    Doyen, N.6
  • 7
    • 0026331458 scopus 로고
    • Maturation of the immune response in germinal centers
    • Berek, C., Berger, A. and Apel, M. (1991) Maturation of the immune response in germinal centers. Cell, 67, 1121-1129.
    • (1991) Cell , vol.67 , pp. 1121-1129
    • Berek, C.1    Berger, A.2    Apel, M.3
  • 8
    • 0032143823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probing immunoglobulin gene hypermutation with microsatellites suggests a nonreplicative short patch DNA synthesis process
    • Bertocci, B., Quint, L., Delbos, F., Garcia, C., Reynaud, C.A. and Weill, J.C. (1998) Probing immunoglobulin gene hypermutation with microsatellites suggests a nonreplicative short patch DNA synthesis process. Immunity, 9, 257-265.
    • (1998) Immunity , vol.9 , pp. 257-265
    • Bertocci, B.1    Quint, L.2    Delbos, F.3    Garcia, C.4    Reynaud, C.A.5    Weill, J.C.6
  • 9
    • 0027227311 scopus 로고
    • Discriminating intrinsic and antigen-selected mutational hotspots in immunoglobulin V genes
    • Betz, A.G., Neuberger, M.S. and Milstein, C. (1993) Discriminating intrinsic and antigen-selected mutational hotspots in immunoglobulin V genes. Immunol. Today, 14, 405-411.
    • (1993) Immunol. Today , vol.14 , pp. 405-411
    • Betz, A.G.1    Neuberger, M.S.2    Milstein, C.3
  • 10
    • 0028270307 scopus 로고
    • Elements regulating somatic hypermutation of an immunoglobulin κ gene: Critical role for the intron enhancer/matrix attachment region
    • Betz, A.G., Milstein, C., Gonzalez-Fernandez, A., Pannell, R., Larson, T. and Neuberger, M.S. (1994) Elements regulating somatic hypermutation of an immunoglobulin κ gene: critical role for the intron enhancer/matrix attachment region. Cell. 77, 239-248.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.77 , pp. 239-248
    • Betz, A.G.1    Milstein, C.2    Gonzalez-Fernandez, A.3    Pannell, R.4    Larson, T.5    Neuberger, M.S.6
  • 11
    • 0030885254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A variant of DNA polymerase β acts as a dominant negative mutant
    • Bhattacharyya, N. and Banerjee, S. (1997) A variant of DNA polymerase β acts as a dominant negative mutant. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 10324-10329.
    • (1997) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.94 , pp. 10324-10329
    • Bhattacharyya, N.1    Banerjee, S.2
  • 12
    • 0031046294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A superfamily of conserved domains in DNA damage-responsive cell cycle checkpoint proteins
    • Bork, P., Hofmann, K., Bucher, P. Neuwald, A.F., Altschul, S.F. and Koonin, E.V. (1997) A superfamily of conserved domains in DNA damage-responsive cell cycle checkpoint proteins. FASEB J., 11, 68-76.
    • (1997) FASEB J. , vol.11 , pp. 68-76
    • Bork, P.1    Hofmann, K.2    Bucher, P.3    Neuwald, A.F.4    Altschul, S.F.5    Koonin, E.V.6
  • 13
    • 0002908409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simplified in situ hybridization protocol using non-radioactively labeled probes to detect abundant and rare mRNAs on tissue sections
    • Braissant, O. and Wahli, W. (1998) A simplified in situ hybridization protocol using non-radioactively labeled probes to detect abundant and rare mRNAs on tissue sections. Biochemica, 1, 10-16.
    • (1998) Biochemica , vol.1 , pp. 10-16
    • Braissant, O.1    Wahli, W.2
  • 14
    • 0014019617 scopus 로고
    • Origin of antibody variation
    • Brenner, S. and Milstein, C. (1966) Origin of antibody variation. Nature, 211, 242-243.
    • (1966) Nature , vol.211 , pp. 242-243
    • Brenner, S.1    Milstein, C.2
  • 15
    • 0031031787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From BRCA1 to RAP1: A widespread BRCT module closely associated with DNA repair
    • Callebaut, I. and Mornon, J.P. (1997) From BRCA1 to RAP1: a widespread BRCT module closely associated with DNA repair. FEBS Lett., 400, 25-30.
    • (1997) FEBS Lett. , vol.400 , pp. 25-30
    • Callebaut, I.1    Mornon, J.P.2
  • 16
    • 0032549125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mismatch repair co-opted by hypermutation
    • Cascalho, M., Wong, J., Steinberg, C. and Wabl, M. (1998) Mismatch repair co-opted by hypermutation. Science, 279, 1207-1210.
    • (1998) Science , vol.279 , pp. 1207-1210
    • Cascalho, M.1    Wong, J.2    Steinberg, C.3    Wabl, M.4
  • 17
    • 0031979307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Pol β-14 dominant negative rat DNA polymerase β mutator mutant commits errors during the gap-filling step of base excision repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Clairmont, C.A. and Sweasy, J.B. (1998) The Pol β-14 dominant negative rat DNA polymerase β mutator mutant commits errors during the gap-filling step of base excision repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bacteriol., 180, 2292-2297.
    • (1998) J Bacteriol. , vol.180 , pp. 2292-2297
    • Clairmont, C.A.1    Sweasy, J.B.2
  • 18
    • 0033578318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Tyr-265-to-Cys mutator mutant of DNA polymerase β induces a mutator phenotype in mouse LN12 cells
    • Clairmont, C.A., Narayanan, L., Sun, K.W., Glazer, P.M. and Sweasy, J.B. (1999) The Tyr-265-to-Cys mutator mutant of DNA polymerase β induces a mutator phenotype in mouse LN12 cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 9580-9585.
    • (1999) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.96 , pp. 9580-9585
    • Clairmont, C.A.1    Narayanan, L.2    Sun, K.W.3    Glazer, P.M.4    Sweasy, J.B.5
  • 19
    • 0023734473 scopus 로고
    • Novel non-templated nucleotide addition reactions catalyzed by procaryotic and eucaryotic DNA polymerases
    • Clark, J.M. (1988) Novel non-templated nucleotide addition reactions catalyzed by procaryotic and eucaryotic DNA polymerases. Nucleic Acids Res., 16, 9677-9686.
    • (1988) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.16 , pp. 9677-9686
    • Clark, J.M.1
  • 21
    • 0033553510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of DNA polymerase β in the excision step of long patch mammalian base excision repair
    • Dianov, G.L., Prasad, R., Wilson, S.H. and Bohr, V.A. (1999) Role of DNA polymerase β in the excision step of long patch mammalian base excision repair. J. Biol. Chem., 274, 13741-13743.
    • (1999) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.274 , pp. 13741-13743
    • Dianov, G.L.1    Prasad, R.2    Wilson, S.H.3    Bohr, V.A.4
  • 22
    • 0031894290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of somatic hypermutation and gene conversion in adaptive immunity
    • Diaz, M. and Flajnik, M.F. (1998) Evolution of somatic hypermutation and gene conversion in adaptive immunity. Immunol. Rev., 162, 13-24.
    • (1998) Immunol. Rev. , vol.162 , pp. 13-24
    • Diaz, M.1    Flajnik, M.F.2
  • 24
    • 0026512963 scopus 로고
    • Metal activation of synthetic and degradative activities of φ 29 DNA polymerase, a model enzyme for protein-primed DNA replication
    • Esteban, J.A., Bernad, A., Salas, M. and Blanco, L. (1992) Metal activation of synthetic and degradative activities of φ 29 DNA polymerase, a model enzyme for protein-primed DNA replication. Biochemistry, 31, 350-359.
    • (1992) Biochemistry , vol.31 , pp. 350-359
    • Esteban, J.A.1    Bernad, A.2    Salas, M.3    Blanco, L.4
  • 25
    • 0032127811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mismatch repair deficiency interferes with the accumulation of mutations in chronically stimulated B cells and not with the hypermutation process
    • Frey, S., Bertocci, B., Delbos, F., Quint, L., Weill, J.C. and Reynaud, C.A. (1998) Mismatch repair deficiency interferes with the accumulation of mutations in chronically stimulated B cells and not with the hypermutation process. Immunity, 9, 127-134.
    • (1998) Immunity , vol.9 , pp. 127-134
    • Frey, S.1    Bertocci, B.2    Delbos, F.3    Quint, L.4    Weill, J.C.5    Reynaud, C.A.6
  • 26
    • 0033588043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel DNA polymerases offer clues to the molecular basis of mutagenesis
    • Friedberg, E.C. and Gerlach, V.L. (1999) Novel DNA polymerases offer clues to the molecular basis of mutagenesis. Cell, 98, 413-416.
    • (1999) Cell , vol.98 , pp. 413-416
    • Friedberg, E.C.1    Gerlach, V.L.2
  • 27
    • 0023107028 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of somatic mutation in immunoglobulin variable genes
    • Golding, G.B., Gearhart, P.J. and Glickman, B.W. (1987) Patterns of somatic mutation in immunoglobulin variable genes. Genetics, 115, 169-176.
    • (1987) Genetics , vol.115 , pp. 169-176
    • Golding, G.B.1    Gearhart, P.J.2    Glickman, B.W.3
  • 28
    • 0028577994 scopus 로고
    • Somatic mutation of immunoglobulin λ chains: A segment of the major intron hypermutates as much as the complementarity-determining regions
    • Gonzalez-Fernandez, A., Gupta, S.K., Pannell, R., Neuberger, M.S. and Milstein, C. (1994) Somatic mutation of immunoglobulin λ chains: a segment of the major intron hypermutates as much as the complementarity-determining regions. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 12614-12618.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.91 , pp. 12614-12618
    • Gonzalez-Fernandez, A.1    Gupta, S.K.2    Pannell, R.3    Neuberger, M.S.4    Milstein, C.5
  • 30
    • 0032125227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The uvsl gene of Aspergillus nidulans required for UV-mutagenesis encodes a homolog to REV3, a subunit of the DNA polymerase ζ of yeast involved in translesion DNA synthesis
    • Han, K.Y., Chae, S.K. and Han, D.M. (1998) The uvsl gene of Aspergillus nidulans required for UV-mutagenesis encodes a homolog to REV3, a subunit of the DNA polymerase ζ of yeast involved in translesion DNA synthesis. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 164, 13-19.
    • (1998) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. , vol.164 , pp. 13-19
    • Han, K.Y.1    Chae, S.K.2    Han, D.M.3
  • 31
    • 0025766848 scopus 로고
    • Compilation and alignment of DNA polymerase sequences
    • Ito, J. and Braithwaite, D.K. (1991) Compilation and alignment of DNA polymerase sequences. Nucleic Acids Res., 19, 4045-4057.
    • (1991) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.19 , pp. 4045-4057
    • Ito, J.1    Braithwaite, D.K.2
  • 32
    • 0026060620 scopus 로고
    • Intraclonal generation of antibody mutants in germinal centres
    • Jacob, J., Kelsoe, G., Rajewsky, K. and Weiss, U. (1991) Intraclonal generation of antibody mutants in germinal centres. Nature, 354, 389-392.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.354 , pp. 389-392
    • Jacob, J.1    Kelsoe, G.2    Rajewsky, K.3    Weiss, U.4
  • 33
    • 0032101017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes in memory B cells of DNA repair-deficient mice
    • Jacobs, H. et al. (1998) Hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes in memory B cells of DNA repair-deficient mice. J. Exp. Med., 187, 1735-1743.
    • (1998) J. Exp. Med. , vol.187 , pp. 1735-1743
    • Jacobs, H.1
  • 34
    • 0033548231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficient bypass of a thymine-thymine dimer by yeast DNA polymerase, Pol η
    • Johnson, R.E., Prakash, S. and Prakash, L. (1999a) Efficient bypass of a thymine-thymine dimer by yeast DNA polymerase, Pol η. Science, 283, 1001-1004.
    • (1999) Science , vol.283 , pp. 1001-1004
    • Johnson, R.E.1    Prakash, S.2    Prakash, L.3
  • 35
    • 0033538470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • hRAD30 mutations in the variant form of xeroderma pigmentosum
    • Johnson, R.E., Kondratick, C.M., Prakash, S. and Prakash, L. (1999b) hRAD30 mutations in the variant form of xeroderma pigmentosum. Science, 285, 263-265.
    • (1999) Science , vol.285 , pp. 263-265
    • Johnson, R.E.1    Kondratick, C.M.2    Prakash, S.3    Prakash, L.4
  • 36
    • 0028206048 scopus 로고
    • Function and structure relationships in DNA polymerases
    • Joyce, C.M. and Steitz, T.A. (1994) Function and structure relationships in DNA polymerases. Annu. Rev. Biochem., 63, 777-822.
    • (1994) Annu. Rev. Biochem. , vol.63 , pp. 777-822
    • Joyce, C.M.1    Steitz, T.A.2
  • 37
    • 0030443024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA polymerase ζ and the control of DNA damage induced mutagenesis in eukaryotes
    • Lawrence, C.W. and Hinkle, D.C. (1996) DNA polymerase ζ and the control of DNA damage induced mutagenesis in eukaryotes. Cancer Surv., 28, 21-31.
    • (1996) Cancer Surv. , vol.28 , pp. 21-31
    • Lawrence, C.W.1    Hinkle, D.C.2
  • 38
    • 0030005755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The I.M.A.G.E. Consortium: An integrated molecular analysis of genomes and their expression
    • Lennon, G., Auffray, C., Polymeropoulos, M. and Soares, M.B. (1996) The I.M.A.G.E. Consortium: an integrated molecular analysis of genomes and their expression. Genomics, 33, 151-152.
    • (1996) Genomics , vol.33 , pp. 151-152
    • Lennon, G.1    Auffray, C.2    Polymeropoulos, M.3    Soares, M.B.4
  • 39
    • 0023722177 scopus 로고
    • Mutational hot spots in Ig V region genes of human follicular lymphomas
    • Levy, S., Mendel, E., Kon, S., Avnur, Z. and Levy, R. (1988) Mutational hot spots in Ig V region genes of human follicular lymphomas. J. Exp. Med., 168, 475-489.
    • (1988) J. Exp. Med. , vol.168 , pp. 475-489
    • Levy, S.1    Mendel, E.2    Kon, S.3    Avnur, Z.4    Levy, R.5
  • 41
    • 0033578040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The XPV (xeroderma pigmentosum variant) gene encodes human DNA polymerase η
    • Masutani, C. et al. (1999) The XPV (xeroderma pigmentosum variant) gene encodes human DNA polymerase η. Nature, 399, 700-744.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.399 , pp. 700-744
    • Masutani, C.1
  • 42
    • 0033565878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase activity by the DNA-dependent protein kinase
    • Mickelsen, S., Snyder, C., Trujillo, K., Bogue, M., Roth, D.B. and Meek, K. (1999) Modulation of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase activity by the DNA-dependent protein kinase. J. Immunol., 163, 834-843.
    • (1999) J. Immunol. , vol.163 , pp. 834-843
    • Mickelsen, S.1    Snyder, C.2    Trujillo, K.3    Bogue, M.4    Roth, D.B.5    Meek, K.6
  • 43
    • 0017279973 scopus 로고
    • Metal-polynucleotide interactions. A comparison of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic metals in vitro
    • Murray, M.J. and Flessel, P. (1976) Metal-polynucleotide interactions. A comparison of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic metals in vitro. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 425, 256-261.
    • (1976) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.425 , pp. 256-261
    • Murray, M.J.1    Flessel, P.2
  • 45
    • 1842289240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of an African swine fever virus 20-kDa DNA polymerase involved in DNA repair
    • Oliveros, M., Yáñez, R., Salas, M.L., Salas, J., Viňuela, E. and Blanco, L. (1997) Characterization of an African swine fever virus 20-kDa DNA polymerase involved in DNA repair. J. Biol. Chem., 272, 30899-30910.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 30899-30910
    • Oliveros, M.1    Yáñez, R.2    Salas, M.L.3    Salas, J.4    Viňuela, E.5    Blanco, L.6
  • 46
    • 0028049441 scopus 로고
    • Structures of ternary complexes of rat DNA polymerase β, a DNA template-primer, and ddCTP
    • Pelletier, H., Sawaya, M.R., Kumar, A., Wilson, S.H. and Kraut, J. (1994) Structures of ternary complexes of rat DNA polymerase β, a DNA template-primer, and ddCTP. Science, 264, 1891-1903.
    • (1994) Science , vol.264 , pp. 1891-1903
    • Pelletier, H.1    Sawaya, M.R.2    Kumar, A.3    Wilson, S.H.4    Kraut, J.5
  • 47
    • 0029843045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A structural basis for metal ion mutagenicity and nucleotide selectivity in human DNA polymerase β
    • Pelletier, H., Sawaya, M.R., Wolfle, W., Wilson, S.H. and Kraut, J. (1996) A structural basis for metal ion mutagenicity and nucleotide selectivity in human DNA polymerase β. Biochemistry, 35, 12762-12777.
    • (1996) Biochemistry , vol.35 , pp. 12762-12777
    • Pelletier, H.1    Sawaya, M.R.2    Wolfle, W.3    Wilson, S.H.4    Kraut, J.5
  • 48
    • 0032101611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased hypermutation at G and C nucleotides in immunoglobulin variable genes from mice deficient in the MSH2 mismatch repair protein
    • Phung, Q.H., Winter, D.B., Cranston, A., Tarone, R.E., Bohr, V.A., Fishel, R. and Gearhart, P.J. (1998) Increased hypermutation at G and C nucleotides in immunoglobulin variable genes from mice deficient in the MSH2 mismatch repair protein. J. Exp. Med., 187, 1745-1751.
    • (1998) J. Exp. Med. , vol.187 , pp. 1745-1751
    • Phung, Q.H.1    Winter, D.B.2    Cranston, A.3    Tarone, R.E.4    Bohr, V.A.5    Fishel, R.6    Gearhart, P.J.7
  • 49
    • 0032435650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TdT-accessible breaks are scattered over the immunoglobulin V domain in a constitutively hypermutating B cell line
    • Sale, J.E. and Neuberger, M.S. (1998) TdT-accessible breaks are scattered over the immunoglobulin V domain in a constitutively hypermutating B cell line. Immunity, 9, 859-869.
    • (1998) Immunity , vol.9 , pp. 859-869
    • Sale, J.E.1    Neuberger, M.S.2
  • 50
    • 0028136070 scopus 로고
    • Crystal structure of rat DNA polymerase β: Evidence for a common polymerase mechanism
    • Sawaya, M.R., Pelletier, H., Kumar, A., Wilson, S.H. and Kraut, J. (1994) Crystal structure of rat DNA polymerase β: evidence for a common polymerase mechanism. Science, 264, 1930-1935.
    • (1994) Science , vol.264 , pp. 1930-1935
    • Sawaya, M.R.1    Pelletier, H.2    Kumar, A.3    Wilson, S.H.4    Kraut, J.5
  • 51
    • 0033166143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloning and chromosomal mapping of the human DNA polymerase θ (POLQ), the eighth human DNA polymerase
    • Sharief, F.S., Vojta, P.J., Ropp, P.A. and Copeland, W.C. (1999) Cloning and chromosomal mapping of the human DNA polymerase θ (POLQ), the eighth human DNA polymerase. Genomics, 59, 90-96.
    • (1999) Genomics , vol.59 , pp. 90-96
    • Sharief, F.S.1    Vojta, P.J.2    Ropp, P.A.3    Copeland, W.C.4
  • 52
    • 0029947265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Di- and trinucleotide target preferences of somatic mutagenesis in normal and autoreactive B cells
    • Smith, D.S., Creadon, G., Jena, P.K., Portanova, J.P., Kotzin, B.L. and Wysocki, L.J. (1996) Di- and trinucleotide target preferences of somatic mutagenesis in normal and autoreactive B cells. J. Immunol., 156, 2642-2652.
    • (1996) J. Immunol. , vol.156 , pp. 2642-2652
    • Smith, D.S.1    Creadon, G.2    Jena, P.K.3    Portanova, J.P.4    Kotzin, B.L.5    Wysocki, L.J.6
  • 54
    • 0023267995 scopus 로고
    • Hypothesis: Somatic hypermutation by gene conversion via the error prone DNA-RNA-DNA information loop
    • Steele, E.J. and Pollard, J.W. (1987) Hypothesis: somatic hypermutation by gene conversion via the error prone DNA-RNA-DNA information loop. Mol. Immunol., 24, 667-673.
    • (1987) Mol. Immunol. , vol.24 , pp. 667-673
    • Steele, E.J.1    Pollard, J.W.2
  • 56
    • 0014943022 scopus 로고
    • Variability in the λ light chain sequence of mouse antibody
    • Weigert, M.G., Cesari, I.M., Yonkovich, S.J. and Cohn, M. (1970) Variability in the λ light chain sequence of mouse antibody. Nature, 228, 1045-1047.
    • (1970) Nature , vol.228 , pp. 1045-1047
    • Weigert, M.G.1    Cesari, I.M.2    Yonkovich, S.J.3    Cohn, M.4
  • 57
    • 0018179267 scopus 로고
    • Mutagenesis during in vitro DNA synthesis
    • Weymouth, L.A. and Loeb, L.A. (1978) Mutagenesis during in vitro DNA synthesis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 75, 1924-1928.
    • (1978) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.75 , pp. 1924-1928
    • Weymouth, L.A.1    Loeb, L.A.2
  • 58
    • 0032100860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mammalian base excision repair and DNA polymerase β
    • Wilson, S.H. (1998) Mammalian base excision repair and DNA polymerase β. Mutat. Res., 407, 203-215.
    • (1998) Mutat. Res. , vol.407 , pp. 203-215
    • Wilson, S.H.1
  • 59
    • 13144250122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered spectra of hypermutation in antibodies from mice deficient for the DNA mismatch repair protein PMS2
    • Winter, D.B. et al. (1998) Altered spectra of hypermutation in antibodies from mice deficient for the DNA mismatch repair protein PMS2. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 6953-6958.
    • (1998) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.95 , pp. 6953-6958
    • Winter, D.B.1
  • 60
    • 0033559138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of Ig somatic hypermutation and class switching in a human monoclonal IgM+ IgD+ B cell line in vitro: Definition of the requirements and modalities of hypermutation
    • Zan, H., Cerutti, A., Dramitinos, P., Schaffer, A., Li, Z. and Casali, P. (1999) Induction of Ig somatic hypermutation and class switching in a human monoclonal IgM+ IgD+ B cell line in vitro: definition of the requirements and modalities of hypermutation. J. Immunol., 162, 3437-3447.
    • (1999) J. Immunol. , vol.162 , pp. 3437-3447
    • Zan, H.1    Cerutti, A.2    Dramitinos, P.3    Schaffer, A.4    Li, Z.5    Casali, P.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.