메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 361, Issue 9357, 2003, Pages 598-604

Population stratification and spurious allelic association

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALLELISM; CASE CONTROL STUDY; COHORT ANALYSIS; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETIC MARKER; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; GENOTYPE; GENOTYPE PHENOTYPE CORRELATION; HUMAN; PHARMACOGENETICS; POPULATION RESEARCH; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM;

EID: 0037442092     PISSN: 01406736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12520-2     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (1020)

References (92)
  • 1
    • 0035173459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease
    • Wilson P.W. Diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 30:2001;857-881.
    • (2001) Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am , vol.30 , pp. 857-881
    • Wilson, P.W.1
  • 2
    • 0035141851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The health economics of asthma and rhinitis: I - Assessing the economic impact
    • Weiss K.B., Sullivan S.D. The health economics of asthma and rhinitis: I - assessing the economic impact. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 107:2001;3-8.
    • (2001) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.107 , pp. 3-8
    • Weiss, K.B.1    Sullivan, S.D.2
  • 3
    • 0031304155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of innovation in drug development
    • Drews J., Ryser S. The role of innovation in drug development. Nat Biotechnol. 15:1997;1318-1319.
    • (1997) Nat Biotechnol , vol.15 , pp. 1318-1319
    • Drews, J.1    Ryser, S.2
  • 4
    • 0034660560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacogenetics and the practice of medicine
    • Roses A.D. Pharmacogenetics and the practice of medicine. Nature. 405:2000;857-865.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.405 , pp. 857-865
    • Roses, A.D.1
  • 5
    • 0034660559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Searching for genetic determinants in the new millennium
    • Risch N.J. Searching for genetic determinants in the new millennium. Nature. 405:2000;847-856.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.405 , pp. 847-856
    • Risch, N.J.1
  • 7
    • 0033804352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic approaches to understanding asthma
    • Palmer L.J., Cookson W.O.C.M. Genomic approaches to understanding asthma. Genome Res. 10:2000;1280-1287.
    • (2000) Genome Res , vol.10 , pp. 1280-1287
    • Palmer, L.J.1    Cookson, W.O.C.M.2
  • 8
    • 0036187753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility gene discovery for common metabolic and endocrine traits
    • McCarthy M.I. Susceptibility gene discovery for common metabolic and endocrine traits. J Mol Endocrinol. 28:2002;1-17.
    • (2002) J Mol Endocrinol , vol.28 , pp. 1-17
    • McCarthy, M.I.1
  • 9
    • 0035257236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association study designs for complex diseases
    • Cardon L.R., Bell J.I. Association study designs for complex diseases. Nat Rev Genet. 2:2001;91-99.
    • (2001) Nat Rev Genet , vol.2 , pp. 91-99
    • Cardon, L.R.1    Bell, J.I.2
  • 10
    • 2042437650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome
    • Lander E.S., Linton L.M., Birren B., et al. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature. 409:2001;860-921.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.409 , pp. 860-921
    • Lander, E.S.1    Linton, L.M.2    Birren, B.3
  • 11
    • 0030688004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations on a theme: Cataloging human DNA sequence variation
    • Collins F.S., Guyer M.S., Charkravarti A. Variations on a theme: cataloging human DNA sequence variation. Science. 278:1997;1580-1581.
    • (1997) Science , vol.278 , pp. 1580-1581
    • Collins, F.S.1    Guyer, M.S.2    Charkravarti, A.3
  • 12
    • 0035865322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A map of human genome sequence variation containing 1.42 million single nucleotide polymorphisms
    • Sachidanandam R., Weissman D., Schmidt S.C., et al. A map of human genome sequence variation containing 1.42 million single nucleotide polymorphisms. Nature. 409:2001;928-933.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.409 , pp. 928-933
    • Sachidanandam, R.1    Weissman, D.2    Schmidt, S.C.3
  • 13
    • 0026732124 scopus 로고
    • Nutrition and cancer: Background and rationale of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
    • Riboli E. Nutrition and cancer: background and rationale of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Ann Oncol. 3:1992;783-791.
    • (1992) Ann Oncol , vol.3 , pp. 783-791
    • Riboli, E.1
  • 14
    • 84888827980 scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of intravenous atenolol among 16 027 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction
    • Randomised trial of intravenous atenolol among 16 027 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction. Lancet. 2:1986;57-66.
    • (1986) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 57-66
  • 15
    • 0033281733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design and characteristics of the study population
    • Design and characteristics of the study population. Breast Cancer Res. 1:1999;73-80.
    • (1999) Breast Cancer Res , vol.1 , pp. 73-80
  • 16
    • 0035922669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological methods for studying genes and environmental factors in complex diseases
    • Clayton D., McKeigue P.M. Epidemiological methods for studying genes and environmental factors in complex diseases. Lancet. 358:2001;1356-1360.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 1356-1360
    • Clayton, D.1    McKeigue, P.M.2
  • 17
    • 33845906217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The need for independent scientific peer review of Biobank UK
    • Radda G., Dexter T.M., Meade T. The need for independent scientific peer review of Biobank UK. Lancet. 359:2002;2282.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 2282
    • Radda, G.1    Dexter, T.M.2    Meade, T.3
  • 18
    • 33845906217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The need for independent scientific peer review of Biobank UK
    • Wallace H. The need for independent scientific peer review of Biobank UK. Lancet. 359:2002;2282.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 2282
    • Wallace, H.1
  • 19
    • 0036367791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene-environment interactions: The BioBank UK study
    • Wright A.F., Carothers A.D., Campbell H. Gene-environment interactions: the BioBank UK study. Pharm J. 2:2002;75-82.
    • (2002) Pharm J , vol.2 , pp. 75-82
    • Wright, A.F.1    Carothers, A.D.2    Campbell, H.3
  • 20
    • 0032524383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-scale identification, mapping, and genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the human genome
    • Wang D.G., Fan J.B., Siao C.J., et al. Large-scale identification, mapping, and genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the human genome. Science. 280:1998;1077-1082.
    • (1998) Science , vol.280 , pp. 1077-1082
    • Wang, D.G.1    Fan, J.B.2    Siao, C.J.3
  • 23
    • 0026050476 scopus 로고
    • Inbreeding coefficients and coalescence times
    • Slatkin M. Inbreeding coefficients and coalescence times. Genet Res. 58:1991;167-175.
    • (1991) Genet Res , vol.58 , pp. 167-175
    • Slatkin, M.1
  • 24
    • 0033926130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linkage disequilibrium and allele-frequency distributions for 114 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in five populations
    • Goddard K.A., Hopkins P.J., Hall J.M., Witte J.S. Linkage disequilibrium and allele-frequency distributions for 114 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in five populations. Am J Hum Genet. 66:2000;216-234.
    • (2000) Am J Hum Genet , vol.66 , pp. 216-234
    • Goddard, K.A.1    Hopkins, P.J.2    Hall, J.M.3    Witte, J.S.4
  • 25
    • 0035919656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haplotype variation and linkage disequilibrium in 313 human genes
    • Stephens J.C., Schneider J.A., Tanguay D.A., et al. Haplotype variation and linkage disequilibrium in 313 human genes. Science. 293:2001;489-493.
    • (2001) Science , vol.293 , pp. 489-493
    • Stephens, J.C.1    Schneider, J.A.2    Tanguay, D.A.3
  • 26
    • 0034686618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population stratification in epidemiologic studies of common genetic variants and cancer: Quantification of bias
    • Wacholder S., Rothman N., Caporaso N. Population stratification in epidemiologic studies of common genetic variants and cancer: quantification of bias. J Natl Cancer Inst. 92:2000;1151-1158.
    • (2000) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.92 , pp. 1151-1158
    • Wacholder, S.1    Rothman, N.2    Caporaso, N.3
  • 27
    • 0024209791 scopus 로고
    • Admixture as a tool for finding linked genes and detecting that difference from allelic association between loci
    • Chakraborty R., Weiss K.M. Admixture as a tool for finding linked genes and detecting that difference from allelic association between loci. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 85:1988;9119-9123.
    • (1988) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.85 , pp. 9119-9123
    • Chakraborty, R.1    Weiss, K.M.2
  • 28
    • 0028001245 scopus 로고
    • Mapping by admixture linkage disequilibrium in human populations: Limits and guidelines
    • Stephens J.C., Briscoe D., O'Brien S.J. Mapping by admixture linkage disequilibrium in human populations: limits and guidelines. Am J Hum Genet. 55:1994;809-824.
    • (1994) Am J Hum Genet , vol.55 , pp. 809-824
    • Stephens, J.C.1    Briscoe, D.2    O'Brien, S.J.3
  • 29
    • 0031037972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping genes underlying ethnic differences in disease risk by linkage disequilibrium in recently admixed populations
    • McKeigue P.M. Mapping genes underlying ethnic differences in disease risk by linkage disequilibrium in recently admixed populations. Am J Hum Genet. 60:1997;188-196.
    • (1997) Am J Hum Genet , vol.60 , pp. 188-196
    • McKeigue, P.M.1
  • 30
    • 0032231748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping genes that underlie ethnic differences in disease risk: Methods for detecting linkage in admixed populations, by conditioning on parental admixture
    • McKeigue P.M. Mapping genes that underlie ethnic differences in disease risk: methods for detecting linkage in admixed populations, by conditioning on parental admixture. Am J Hum Genet. 63:1998;241-251.
    • (1998) Am J Hum Genet , vol.63 , pp. 241-251
    • McKeigue, P.M.1
  • 31
    • 0033930943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of admixture and detection of linkage in admixed populations by a Bayesian approach: Application to African-American populations
    • McKeigue P.M., Carpenter J.R., Parra E.J., Shriver M.D. Estimation of admixture and detection of linkage in admixed populations by a Bayesian approach: application to African-American populations. Ann Hum Genet. 64:2000;171-186.
    • (2000) Ann Hum Genet , vol.64 , pp. 171-186
    • McKeigue, P.M.1    Carpenter, J.R.2    Parra, E.J.3    Shriver, M.D.4
  • 32
    • 0036255811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candidate-gene approaches for studying complex genetic traits: Practical considerations
    • Tabor H.K., Risch N.J., Myers R.M. Candidate-gene approaches for studying complex genetic traits: practical considerations. Nat Rev Genet. 3:2002;391-397.
    • (2002) Nat Rev Genet , vol.3 , pp. 391-397
    • Tabor, H.K.1    Risch, N.J.2    Myers, R.M.3
  • 33
    • 0033780104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How many diseases does it take to map a gene with SNPs?
    • Weiss K.M., Terwilliger J.D. How many diseases does it take to map a gene with SNPs? Nat Genet. 26:2000;151-157.
    • (2000) Nat Genet , vol.26 , pp. 151-157
    • Weiss, K.M.1    Terwilliger, J.D.2
  • 34
    • 0343158231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene mapping in the 20th and 21st centuries: Statistical methods, data analysis, and experimental design
    • Terwilliger J.D., Goring H.H. Gene mapping in the 20th and 21st centuries: statistical methods, data analysis, and experimental design. Hum Biol. 72:2000;63-132.
    • (2000) Hum Biol , vol.72 , pp. 63-132
    • Terwilliger, J.D.1    Goring, H.H.2
  • 35
    • 0032952468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Freely associating
    • Anon. Freely associating. Nat Genet 1999; 22: 1-2.
    • (1999) Nat Genet , vol.22 , pp. 1-2
  • 37
    • 0029741063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The future of genetic studies of complex human diseases
    • Risch N., Merikangas K. The future of genetic studies of complex human diseases. Science. 273:1996;1516-1517.
    • (1996) Science , vol.273 , pp. 1516-1517
    • Risch, N.1    Merikangas, K.2
  • 38
    • 0032530165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tests and estimates of allelic association in complex inheritance
    • Morton N.E., Collins A. Tests and estimates of allelic association in complex inheritance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 95:1998;11389-11393.
    • (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.95 , pp. 11389-11393
    • Morton, N.E.1    Collins, A.2
  • 39
    • 0034047615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case-control association studies for the genetics of complex respiratory diseases
    • Silverman E.K., Palmer L.J. Case-control association studies for the genetics of complex respiratory diseases. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 22:2000;645-648.
    • (2000) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.22 , pp. 645-648
    • Silverman, E.K.1    Palmer, L.J.2
  • 41
    • 0032427048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative power of family-based and case-control designs for linkage disequilibrium studies of complex human diseases, I: DNA pooling
    • Risch N., Teng J. The relative power of family-based and case-control designs for linkage disequilibrium studies of complex human diseases, I: DNA pooling. Genome Res. 8:1998;1273-1288.
    • (1998) Genome Res , vol.8 , pp. 1273-1288
    • Risch, N.1    Teng, J.2
  • 42
    • 0033561180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymptotic bias and efficiency in case-control studies of candidate genes and gene-environment interactions: Basic family designs
    • Witte J.S., Gauderman W.J., Thomas D.C. Asymptotic bias and efficiency in case-control studies of candidate genes and gene-environment interactions: basic family designs. Am J Epidemiol. 149:1999;693-705.
    • (1999) Am J Epidemiol , vol.149 , pp. 693-705
    • Witte, J.S.1    Gauderman, W.J.2    Thomas, D.C.3
  • 43
    • 0032897131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative power of family-based and case-control designs for linkage disequilibrium studies of complex human diseases, II: Individual genotyping
    • Teng J., Risch N. The relative power of family-based and case-control designs for linkage disequilibrium studies of complex human diseases, II: individual genotyping. Genome Res. 9:1999;234-241.
    • (1999) Genome Res , vol.9 , pp. 234-241
    • Teng, J.1    Risch, N.2
  • 45
    • 0035209177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large upward bias in estimation of locus-specific effects from genomewide scans
    • Goring H.H., Terwilliger J.D., Blangero J. Large upward bias in estimation of locus-specific effects from genomewide scans. Am J Hum Genet. 69:2001;1357-1369.
    • (2001) Am J Hum Genet , vol.69 , pp. 1357-1369
    • Goring, H.H.1    Terwilliger, J.D.2    Blangero, J.3
  • 46
    • 0033786787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linkage disequilibrium and the search for complex disease genes
    • Jorde L.B. Linkage disequilibrium and the search for complex disease genes. Genome Res. 10:2000;1435-1444.
    • (2000) Genome Res , vol.10 , pp. 1435-1444
    • Jorde, L.B.1
  • 47
    • 0024095149 scopus 로고
    • Gm3;5,13,14 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: An association in American Indians with genetic admixture
    • Knowler W.C., Williams R.C., Pettitt D.J., Steinberg A.G. Gm3;5,13,14 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: an association in American Indians with genetic admixture. Am J Hum Genet. 43:1988;520-526.
    • (1988) Am J Hum Genet , vol.43 , pp. 520-526
    • Knowler, W.C.1    Williams, R.C.2    Pettitt, D.J.3    Steinberg, A.G.4
  • 48
    • 0027339609 scopus 로고
    • The A1 allele at the D2 dopamine receptor gene and alcoholism: A reappraisal
    • Gelernter J., Goldman D., Risch N. The A1 allele at the D2 dopamine receptor gene and alcoholism: a reappraisal. JAMA. 269:1993;1673-1677.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.269 , pp. 1673-1677
    • Gelernter, J.1    Goldman, D.2    Risch, N.3
  • 49
    • 0027320815 scopus 로고
    • Review of the putative association of dopamine D2 receptor and alcoholism: A meta-analysis
    • Pato C.N., Macciardi F., Pato M.T., Verga M., Kennedy J.L. Review of the putative association of dopamine D2 receptor and alcoholism: a meta-analysis. Am J Med Genet. 48:1993;78-82.
    • (1993) Am J Med Genet , vol.48 , pp. 78-82
    • Pato, C.N.1    Macciardi, F.2    Pato, M.T.3    Verga, M.4    Kennedy, J.L.5
  • 50
    • 0035988383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What makes a good case-control study? Design issues for complex traits such as endometriosis
    • Zondervan K.T., Cardon L.R., Kennedy S.H. What makes a good case-control study? Design issues for complex traits such as endometriosis. Hum Reprod. 17:2002;1415-1423.
    • (2002) Hum Reprod , vol.17 , pp. 1415-1423
    • Zondervan, K.T.1    Cardon, L.R.2    Kennedy, S.H.3
  • 51
    • 0033358548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of unlinked genetic markers to detect population stratification in association studies
    • Pritchard J.K., Rosenberg N.A. Use of unlinked genetic markers to detect population stratification in association studies. Am J Hum Genet. 65:1999;220-228.
    • (1999) Am J Hum Genet , vol.65 , pp. 220-228
    • Pritchard, J.K.1    Rosenberg, N.A.2
  • 52
    • 0036071296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing for population subdivision and association in four case-control studies
    • Ardlie K.G., Lunetta K.L., Seielstad M. Testing for population subdivision and association in four case-control studies. Am J Hum Genet. 71:2002;304-311.
    • (2002) Am J Hum Genet , vol.71 , pp. 304-311
    • Ardlie, K.G.1    Lunetta, K.L.2    Seielstad, M.3
  • 53
    • 0013289663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of stratification in linkage and association samples
    • Martin N.C., Broxholme S.J., Cardon L.R. Assessment of stratification in linkage and association samples. Am J Hum Genet. 69:(suppl):2001;419.
    • (2001) Am J Hum Genet , vol.69 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 419
    • Martin, N.C.1    Broxholme, S.J.2    Cardon, L.R.3
  • 54
    • 0000231522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Little evidence for bias due to population stratification in a population-based study of non-Hispanic Blacks and Whites
    • Pankow J.S., Province M.A., Hunt S.C., Arnett D.K. Little evidence for bias due to population stratification in a population-based study of non-Hispanic Blacks and Whites. Am J Hum Genet. 69:(suppl):2001;412.
    • (2001) Am J Hum Genet , vol.69 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 412
    • Pankow, J.S.1    Province, M.A.2    Hunt, S.C.3    Arnett, D.K.4
  • 55
    • 0013226085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human population substructure and its influence on association studies
    • Cutler D.J., Zwick M.E., Yohn C.T., et al. Human population substructure and its influence on association studies. Am J Hum Genet. 69:(suppl):2001;181.
    • (2001) Am J Hum Genet , vol.69 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 181
    • Cutler, D.J.1    Zwick, M.E.2    Yohn, C.T.3
  • 56
    • 0013314856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic diversity and population structure of two historically related Latin-American populations
    • Carvajal-Carmona L.G., Ophoff R., Service S., et al. Genetic diversity and population structure of two historically related Latin-American populations. Am J Hum Genet. 69:(suppl):2001;418.
    • (2001) Am J Hum Genet , vol.69 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 418
    • Carvajal-Carmona, L.G.1    Ophoff, R.2    Service, S.3
  • 57
    • 0013226583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of population structure of Japanese population using genotype data of genome wide hundreds of SNPs
    • Yamada R., Kawakami H., Yamaguchi M., et al. Analysis of population structure of Japanese population using genotype data of genome wide hundreds of SNPs. Am J Hum Genet. 69:(suppl):2001;423.
    • (2001) Am J Hum Genet , vol.69 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 423
    • Yamada, R.1    Kawakami, H.2    Yamaguchi, M.3
  • 58
    • 0001455403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA pooling, genome control and association studies
    • Hill L., Jawaid A., Sham P., Plomin R. DNA pooling, genome control and association studies. Am J Hum Genet. 69:(suppl):2001;423.
    • (2001) Am J Hum Genet , vol.69 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 423
    • Hill, L.1    Jawaid, A.2    Sham, P.3    Plomin, R.4
  • 59
    • 0035528928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case-control studies of association in structured or admixed populations
    • Pritchard J.K., Donnelly P. Case-control studies of association in structured or admixed populations. Theor Popul Biol. 60:2001;227-237.
    • (2001) Theor Popul Biol , vol.60 , pp. 227-237
    • Pritchard, J.K.1    Donnelly, P.2
  • 60
    • 0028857007 scopus 로고
    • Polygenic disease: Methods for mapping complex disease traits
    • Weeks D., Lathrop G. Polygenic disease: methods for mapping complex disease traits. Trends Genet. 11:1995;513-519.
    • (1995) Trends Genet , vol.11 , pp. 513-519
    • Weeks, D.1    Lathrop, G.2
  • 61
    • 0035188058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population genetic structure of variable drug response
    • Wilson J.F., Weale M.E., Smith A.C., et al. Population genetic structure of variable drug response. Nat Genet. 29:2001;265-269.
    • (2001) Nat Genet , vol.29 , pp. 265-269
    • Wilson, J.F.1    Weale, M.E.2    Smith, A.C.3
  • 62
    • 70350557123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic association mapping at the crossroads: Which test and why? Overview and practical guidelines
    • Schulze T.G., McMahon F.J. Genetic association mapping at the crossroads: which test and why? Overview and practical guidelines. Am J Med Genet. 114:2002;1-11.
    • (2002) Am J Med Genet , vol.114 , pp. 1-11
    • Schulze, T.G.1    McMahon, F.J.2
  • 64
    • 0027377799 scopus 로고
    • Transmission test for linkage disequilibrium: The insulin gene region and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
    • Spielman R., McGinnis R., Ewens W. Transmission test for linkage disequilibrium: the insulin gene region and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Am J Hum Genet. 52:1993;506-516.
    • (1993) Am J Hum Genet , vol.52 , pp. 506-516
    • Spielman, R.1    McGinnis, R.2    Ewens, W.3
  • 65
    • 0029075560 scopus 로고
    • The transmission/disequilibrium test: History, subdivision, and admixture
    • Ewens W.J., Spielman R.S. The transmission/disequilibrium test: history, subdivision, and admixture. Am J Hum Genet. 57:1995;455-464.
    • (1995) Am J Hum Genet , vol.57 , pp. 455-464
    • Ewens, W.J.1    Spielman, R.S.2
  • 66
    • 0036094264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Power and efficiency of the TDT and case-control design for association scans
    • McGinnis R., Shifman S., Darvasi A. Power and efficiency of the TDT and case-control design for association scans. Behav Genet. 32:2002;135-144.
    • (2002) Behav Genet , vol.32 , pp. 135-144
    • McGinnis, R.1    Shifman, S.2    Darvasi, A.3
  • 67
    • 0035528930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association studies under general disease models
    • Nielsen D.M., Weir B.S. Association studies under general disease models. Theor Popul Biol. 60:2001;253-263.
    • (2001) Theor Popul Biol , vol.60 , pp. 253-263
    • Nielsen, D.M.1    Weir, B.S.2
  • 68
    • 0034917944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A transmission/disequilibrium test that allows for genotyping errors in the analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphism data
    • Gordon D., Heath S.C., Liu X., Ott J. A transmission/disequilibrium test that allows for genotyping errors in the analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphism data. Am J Hum Genet. 69:2001;371-380.
    • (2001) Am J Hum Genet , vol.69 , pp. 371-380
    • Gordon, D.1    Heath, S.C.2    Liu, X.3    Ott, J.4
  • 69
    • 0036801154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of genotyping error on haplotype reconstruction and frequency estimation
    • Kirk K.M., Cardon L.R. The impact of genotyping error on haplotype reconstruction and frequency estimation. Eur J Hum Genet. 10:2002;616-622.
    • (2002) Eur J Hum Genet , vol.10 , pp. 616-622
    • Kirk, K.M.1    Cardon, L.R.2
  • 70
    • 0032714352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic control for association studies
    • Devlin B., Roeder K. Genomic control for association studies. Biometrics. 55:1999;997-1004.
    • (1999) Biometrics , vol.55 , pp. 997-1004
    • Devlin, B.1    Roeder, K.2
  • 72
    • 0035528921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic control, a new approach to genetic-based association studies
    • Devlin B., Roeder K., Wasserman L. Genomic control, a new approach to genetic-based association studies. Theor Popul Biol. 60:2001;155-166.
    • (2001) Theor Popul Biol , vol.60 , pp. 155-166
    • Devlin, B.1    Roeder, K.2    Wasserman, L.3
  • 73
    • 0035191044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unbiased methods for population-based association studies
    • Devlin B., Roeder K., Bacanu S.A. Unbiased methods for population-based association studies. Genet Epidemiol. 21:2001;273-284.
    • (2001) Genet Epidemiol , vol.21 , pp. 273-284
    • Devlin, B.1    Roeder, K.2    Bacanu, S.A.3
  • 74
    • 0036137032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association studies for quantitative traits in structured populations
    • Bacanu S.A., Devlin B., Roeder K. Association studies for quantitative traits in structured populations. Genet Epidemiol. 22:2002;78-93.
    • (2002) Genet Epidemiol , vol.22 , pp. 78-93
    • Bacanu, S.A.1    Devlin, B.2    Roeder, K.3
  • 75
    • 0035185344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting association in a case-control study while correcting for population stratification
    • Reich D.E., Goldstein D.B. Detecting association in a case-control study while correcting for population stratification. Genet Epidemiol. 20:2001;4-16.
    • (2001) Genet Epidemiol , vol.20 , pp. 4-16
    • Reich, D.E.1    Goldstein, D.B.2
  • 76
    • 0034118493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data
    • Pritchard J.K., Stephens M., Donnelly P. Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics. 155:2000;945-959.
    • (2000) Genetics , vol.155 , pp. 945-959
    • Pritchard, J.K.1    Stephens, M.2    Donnelly, P.3
  • 78
    • 0035121797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accounting for unmeasured population substructure in case-control studies of genetic association using a novel latent-class model
    • Satten G.A., Flanders W.D., Yang Q. Accounting for unmeasured population substructure in case-control studies of genetic association using a novel latent-class model. Am J Hum Genet. 68:2001;466-477.
    • (2001) Am J Hum Genet , vol.68 , pp. 466-477
    • Satten, G.A.1    Flanders, W.D.2    Yang, Q.3
  • 80
    • 0013277870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When is the bias caused by population stratification negligible?
    • Jiang R., Dong J. When is the bias caused by population stratification negligible? Am J Hum Genet. 69:2001;409.
    • (2001) Am J Hum Genet , vol.69 , pp. 409
    • Jiang, R.1    Dong, J.2
  • 81
    • 0035679875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population admixture may appear to mask, change or reverse genetic effects of genes underlying complex traits
    • Deng H.W. Population admixture may appear to mask, change or reverse genetic effects of genes underlying complex traits. Genetics. 159:2001;1319-1323.
    • (2001) Genetics , vol.159 , pp. 1319-1323
    • Deng, H.W.1
  • 82
    • 4243615912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practical barriers to mapping complex trait loci
    • R. Plomin, J.C. DeFries, I. Craig, & J. Crabbe. New York: APA Books
    • Cardon L.R. Practical barriers to mapping complex trait loci. Plomin R., DeFries J.C., Craig I., Crabbe J. The future of behavioural genetics in the postgenomics era. 2002;APA Books, New York.
    • (2002) The future of behavioural genetics in the postgenomics era
    • Cardon, L.R.1
  • 83
    • 0034655976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacogenetics and future drug development and delivery
    • Roses A.D. Pharmacogenetics and future drug development and delivery. Lancet. 355:2000;1358-1361.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 1358-1361
    • Roses, A.D.1
  • 84
    • 0031255198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacogenetics and drug metabolism
    • Ball S., Borman N. Pharmacogenetics and drug metabolism. Nat Biotechnol. 15:1997;925-926.
    • (1997) Nat Biotechnol , vol.15 , pp. 925-926
    • Ball, S.1    Borman, N.2
  • 86
    • 0034022213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of single-nucleotide polymorphism maps in pharmacogenomics
    • McCarthy J.J., Hilfiker R. The use of single-nucleotide polymorphism maps in pharmacogenomics. Nat Biotechnol. 18:2000;505-508.
    • (2000) Nat Biotechnol , vol.18 , pp. 505-508
    • McCarthy, J.J.1    Hilfiker, R.2
  • 87
    • 33748428120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacogenomics: The genomics of drug response
    • March R. Pharmacogenomics: the genomics of drug response. Yeast. 17:2000;16-21.
    • (2000) Yeast , vol.17 , pp. 16-21
    • March, R.1
  • 89
    • 0036124149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The application of genetics to the discovery of better medicines
    • Pettipher R., Cardon L.R. The application of genetics to the discovery of better medicines. Pharmacogenomics. 3:2002;257-263.
    • (2002) Pharmacogenomics , vol.3 , pp. 257-263
    • Pettipher, R.1    Cardon, L.R.2
  • 90
    • 0035179870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacogenetics: More than skin deep
    • McLeod H.L. Pharmacogenetics: more than skin deep. Nat Genet. 29:2001;247-248.
    • (2001) Nat Genet , vol.29 , pp. 247-248
    • McLeod, H.L.1
  • 91
    • 0000706625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biology and genetics of colorectal cancer
    • Walker J., Quirke P. Biology and genetics of colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer. 37:(suppl 7):2001;S163-173.
    • (2001) Eur J Cancer , vol.37 , Issue.SUPPL. 7 , pp. 163-173
    • Walker, J.1    Quirke, P.2
  • 92
    • 0034748985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A method for distinguishing consanguinity and population substructure using multilocus genotype data
    • Overall A.D., Nichols R.A. A method for distinguishing consanguinity and population substructure using multilocus genotype data. Mol Biol Evol. 18:2001;2048-2056.
    • (2001) Mol Biol Evol , vol.18 , pp. 2048-2056
    • Overall, A.D.1    Nichols, R.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.