Experimental techniques in gas-phase ion thermochemistry

Chemical Reviews

Volumn 101, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 391-444

  Ervin, K M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOMOLECULAR REACTIONS; GAS-PHASE ION THERMOCHEMISTRY; NEGATIVE-ION PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY; NEUTRAL PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTODETACHMENT METHODS; PHOTOFRAGMENT TRANSLATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; REACTION EQUILIBRIUM MEASUREMENTS; STATISTICAL RATE THEORY; UNIMOLECULAR DISSOCIATION;

ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY; HEATING; IONS; KINETIC ENERGY; OPTICAL PROPERTIES; PHASE EQUILIBRIA; PHOTODISSOCIATION; PHOTOIONIZATION; RATE CONSTANTS; THERMAL EFFECTS; THERMOANALYSIS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES;

MASS SPECTROMETRY;

EID: 0035246253     PISSN: 00092665     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/cr990081l     Document Type: Article

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122. 8
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124. Modeling radiative association kinetics
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126. Energy dissipation in small clusters: Direct photoemission, dissociation, and thermionic emission
127. -
128. - (n = 7-11)
129. Energetics and dynamics through time-resolved measurements in mass spectrometry: Aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and fullerenes
130. Quasiequilibrium rate constants for thermionic emission from small particles
131. Theory and modeling of ion-molecule radiative association kinetics
132. 60 molecules
133. Thermal radiation from small particles
134. Delayed ionization and thermionic emission in hot clusters and molecules
135. On the behavior of cross sections near thresholds
136. Energetics of gaseous ions
137. Threshold behavior for photo double ionization
138. Negative ions, mass selection, and photoelectrons
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143. Near-threshold laser spectroscopy of iridium and platinum negative ions: Electron affinities and the threshold law
144. High-resolution threshold photodetachment spectroscopy of OH
145. 2OH)
146. Energy dependences of ion-molecule reactions
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156. Thermochemical measurements by guided ion beam mass spectrometry
157. Doppler broadening in beam experiments
158. -
159. +) + H (D)
160. +) measured by collision-induced dissociation
161. +, x = 1-6
162. Statistical modeling of competitive threshold collision-induced dissociation
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164. The measurement of ionization and appearance potentials
165. Series formulas for the spectrum of atomic sodium (Na I)
166. Advances in photoionisation techniques
167. Historical introduction to threshold photoionization
168. High-resolution spectroscopy with photoelectrons: ZEKE spectroscopy of molecular systems
169. Rydberg and pulsed field ionization-zero electron kinetic energy spectra of YO
170. Photoionization mass spectrometric studies of free radicals
171. The role of ion dissociation dynamics in the study of ion and neutral thermochemistry
172. +) from toluene. Nonstatistical behavior in Franck-Condon gaps
173. Energetics and mechanisms of fragment ion formation in the photoionization of normal and deuterated water and ammonia
174. Photoion-pair formation
175. Photoionization, photoelectron and photodissociation studies: Combining theory and experiment
176. Photoionization mass spectrometry of chlorine oxides
177. 3 reaction
178. 2, and hydrogen peroxide
179. Recent experimental achievements with negative ions
180. Measuring electron affinities with the photodetachment microscope
181. -
182. Electron photodetachment from gas-phase molecular anions
183. Cyclopentadienyl, indenyl, and fluorenyl anions: Gas-phase and solvation energy contributions to electron detachment energies
184. Valence ionization processes in the VUV region
185. Direct observation of the ionization threshold of triplet methylene by photoionization mass spectrometry
186. 3 via simultaneous solution of the local thermochemical network
187. +
188. 3: When does entropy matter in gas-phase reactions?
189. Time-dependent mass spectra and breakdown graphs. 16-the methylnaphthalenes
190. Photoelectron spectroscopy of molecular anions
191. 2 theoretical study
192. -
193. Bound-free collective electron excitations in negatively charged silver clusters
194. Photoelectron spectroscopy of small chromium clusters: Observation of even-odd alternations and theoretical interpretation
195. - (n = 4-13)
196. Negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy studies of organic reactive intermediates
197. - anion
198. 2O cluster
199. -
200. Electron binding to valence and multipole states of molecules: Nitrobenzene, para- and meta-dinitrobenzenes
201. -
202. Production of jet-cooled coronene and coronene cluster anions and their study with photoelectron spectroscopy
203. Study of small carbon and silicon clusters using negative ion photodetachment techniques
204. 8
205. - (N = 24-204)
206. - clusters: Correlation between electronic structure and hydrogen chemisorption
207. -
208. Probing the electronic structures of transition metal clusters from the molecular to bulk-like using photoelectron spectroscopy
209. 3
210. -
211. 2D
212. Photoelectron spectroscopy of benzoquinonide and dehydrobenzoquinone anions
213. Bond strengths of ethylene and acetylene
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215. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy of the o-, m-, and p-benzyne negative ions. Electron affinities and singlet-triplet splittings for o-, m-, and p-benzyne
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218. Probing free multiply charged anions using photodetachment photoelectron spectroscopy
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226. Photoelectron spectroscopy of reactive intermediates
227. The photoelectron spectrum of the α,3-dehydrotoluene biradical
228. Photoelectron spectroscopy of short-lived molecules using synchrotron radiation
229. 2N radical
230. Threshold photoelectron spectroscopy of HBr and DBr
231. Kinetic energy release distributions in the dissociation of energy-selected fluoroethene and 1,1-difluoroethene ions
232. 2CN
233. Mass analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy
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235. Decay energetics of molecular clusters studied by multiphoton mass spectrometry and pulsed field threshold ionization
236. Rotationally resolved threshold photoelectron spectrum of the methyl radical
237. 6 determined by pulsed field ionization-photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy
238. High resolution threshold photodetachment spectroscopy of negative ions
239. -
240. Photoelectron spectroscopy and zero electron kinetic energy spectroscopy of Germanium cluster ions
241. Mass selected anion-zero kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopy (Anion-ZEKE): Ground and low excited states of FeO
242. 0(HCCH)
243. -
244. Electric field induced dissociation of molecules in Rydberg-like highly vibrationally excited ion-pair states
245. 0(HCl)
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248. 2
249. Field-induced ion-pair formation in molecular hydrogen
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251. 2
252. 2, NO, and CO
253. Improved potential energy curves and dissociation energies for HF, DF, and TF
254. Laser photodetachment measurement of the electron affinity of atomic oxygen
255. Isotope shift in the electron affinity of chlorine
256. -
257. Physics with negative ions in traps
258. -
259. Electron impact ionization energies
260. Heats of formation of organic radicals from appearance energies
261. The present state and utility of ion thermochemistry
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263. Effect of methyl substitution on the thermochemistry of ketene
264. 2H(D) binding energy
265. + dissociation channel. The H(D)C≡C(D)H binding energy
266. How complex can be the unimolecular decomposition of a simple molecule? The case of acetylene. An electron impact and PIPECO investigation
267. 60
268. 60
269. 60
270. +
271. 4)
272. +
273. +
274. 2 dissociation threshold
275. +: The dissociation threshold of jet-cooled and rotationally thermalized ions
276. n + (n = 2-22) with Xe: Bond energies, geometric structures, and dissociation pathways
277. + (n = 2-20) with Xe: Bond energies, dissociation pathways, and structures
278. +
279. + (n = 2-18) with Xe: Bond energies of cationic and neutral cobalt clusters, dissociation pathways, and structures
280. 2, TiCo, and VNi
281. -
282. - anion
283. +
284. -
285. 3 photodissociation
286. 3S radicals
287. Photoelectron-photofragment coincidence studies of dissociation dynamics
288. -
289. 2 and NO
290. Experimental approaches to the unimolecular dissociation of gaseous cluster ions
291. Time-resolved photodissociation of toluene ion
292. Bond strength of naphthalene ion. A reevaluation using new time-resolved photodissociation results
293. Photodissociation kinetics and optical spectroscopy of metal cluster ions
294. + (n = 8-21)
295. Neusser. Dissociation rates of energy-selected benzene cations: Comparison of experimental results from ion cyclotron resonance and cylindrical ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry
296. Multiphoton ionization in a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer: Individual rates of competing dissociation channels in energy-selected benzene cation
297. A combined theoretical and experimental study of the dissociation of benzene cation
298. Radiative cooling rate of 9-cyanophenanthrene ions by time-resolved photodissociation thermometry
299. Collision-induced dissociation of transition-metal clusters
300. 2, HD) from thermal to 30 eV c.m.
301. +
302. A triple-sector, guided-ion-beam mass spectrometer for cluster ion and fullerene scattering
303. + cluster ion
304. -: Guided ion beam study
305. A new flowing afterglow - guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer. Applications to the thermochemistry of polyiodide ions
306. Tandem time-of-flight experiment for low energy collision studies
307. Inhomogeneous RF fields: A versatile tool for the study of processes with slow ions
308. High-resolution measurements of integral cross sections in ion-molecule reactions from low-energy crossed-beam experiments
309. Gas-phase acidities derived from threshold energies for activated reactions
310. Collision-induced dissociation threshold energies of protonated glycine, glycinamide, and some related small peptides and peptide amino amides
311. + with 1-4 water molecules
312. Study of endothermic reactions involving transition metal ions: The FTMS analogy of the ion beam experiment
313. Determinations of bond dissociation energies via energy-resolved collision induced dissociation in a Fourier transfrom ion cyclotron resonance spectrometer
314. Energy resolved measurement of endothermic reaction and dissociation thresholds: Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry meets guided ion beam
315. + (y = 1-9)
316. Phase-shifting acceleration of ions in an ion cyclotron resonance spectrometer: Kinetic energy distribution and reaction dynamics
317. Bond strengths in first-row-metal carbonyl anions
318. Collision-induced dissociation of vanadium monoxide ion
319. +
320. - n = 2-11) by collision-induced dissociation
321. + with rare gases from thermal to 10 eV center-of-mass energy: Collision-induced dissociation, charge transfer and ligand exchange
322. Threshold collision-induced dissociation of anionic copper clusters and copper cluster monocarbonyls
323. - (n = 0-6)
324. 2n+2O, n = 1-4, determined by threshold collision-induced dissociation experiments and Ab Initio Theory
325. Gas-phase thermochemistry of polyhalide anions
326. Biradical thermochemistry from collision-induced dissociation threshold energy measurements. Absolute heats of formation of ortho-, meta-, and para-benzyne
327. +(12-Crown-4)
328. +(12-crown-4)
329. +(12-crown-4) where M = Rb and Cs
330. +(12-crown-4)
331. Cation-ether complexes in the gas phase: Thermodynamic insight into molecular recognition
332. Gas-phase acidity and C - H bond energy of diacetylene
333. 3
334. 3
335. - (n = 1-3) anions
336. Slow heating methods in tandem mass spectrometry
337. Infrared photochemistry of gas-phase ions
338. + (M = Fe, Co, Ni; n = 2-5)
339. Activation of unimolecular reactions by ambient blackbody radiation
340. Thermal dissociation of acetophenone molecular ions activated by infrared radiation
341. Recent advances in the energetics and mechanisms of gas-phase ionic reactions
342. Unimolecular reaction kinetics in the high-pressure limit without collisions
343. Dissociation energies of deoxyribose nucleotide dimer anions measured using blackbody infrared radiative dissociation
344. + (n = 2-25)
345. Activation of peptide ions by blackbody radiation: Factors that lead to dissociation kinetics in the rapid energy exchange limit
346. 2 laser heating and radiative cooling of n-butylbenzene ions
347. Internal energy distributions resulting from sustained off-resonance excitation in FTMS. I. Fragmentation of the bromobenzene radical cation
348. Simulation for internal energy deposition in sustained off-resonance irradiation collisional activation using a Monte Carlo method
349. Fragmentation reactions in the mass spectrometry analysis of neutral oligasaccharides
350. Study of radical merostabilization by electrospray FTICR/MS
351. Sustained off-resonance irradiation for collision activated dissociation involving Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Collision-activated dissociation technique that emulates infrared multiphoton dissociation
352. Proton affinities from dissociations of proton-bound dimers
353. Thermochemical determinations by the kinetic method
354. Kinetic method of making thermochemical determinations: Advances and applications
355. The kinetic method of making thermochemical determinations
356. How closely related are the effective and the real temperature?
357. Partitioning of kinetic energy to internal energy in the low energy collision-induced dissociations of proton-bound dimers of polypeptides
358. The electron affinity of cyclopropyl radical measured by the kinetic method
359. Proton affinities of primary alkanols: An appraisal of the kinetic method
360. Proton affinities of primary alkanols: An appraisal of the kinetic method
361. - zwitterions: A new class of organic superbases
362. Branching ratios in activated systems
363. Is the kinetic method a thermodynamic method?
364. Determining the proton affinities of nitriles by the kinetic method
365. The proton affinities of amin-alkanes. A test case for the kinetic method
366. Comments of 'proton affinities of primary alkanols: An appraisal of the kinetic method'
367. The gas-phase acidities of long chain alcohols
368. Gas-phase acidities of aliphatic alcohols
369. The fragmentation of proton-bound cluster ions and the gas-phase acidities of alcohols
370. Collision energy dependence of proton-bound dimer dissociation: Entropy effects, proton affinities, and intramolecular hydrogen-bonding in protonated peptides
371. Gas-phase basicities and proton affinities of lysine and histidine measured from the dissociation of proton-bound dimers
372. + binding to the DNA and RNA nucleobases. Bond energies and attachment sites from the dissociation of metal ion-bound heterodimers
373. +-bound heterodimers and Ab initio calculations
374. +-bound heterodimers at varying internal energies
375. Proton affinities of the N- and C-terminal segments arising upon the dissociation of the amide bond in protonated peptides
376. Electron affinity of 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatettraene determined by the kinetic method
377. Entropy measurements and the kinetic method: A statistically meaningful approach
378. Determination of the proton affinities of bromo-and iodoacetonitrile using the kinetic method with full entropy analysis
379. +: Excited-state effects on the mechanism for C-H bond activation from kinetic energy release distributions
380. + with propane: Factors that govern C-H and C-C bond cleavage product branching ratios
381. Unimolecular reaction dynamics from kinetic energy release distributions. III. A comparative study of the halogenobenzene cations
382. n (M = Ti-Cu, n = 1 and 2) complexes
383. Special effects of an unusually large neutral to radical cation geometry change. Adiabatic ionization energies and proton affinities of alkylhydrazines
384. + affinities of organic and small biological molecules in the gas phase
385. An absolute sodium cation affinity scale: Threshold collision-induced dissociation experiments and Ab Initio Theory
386. Equilibrium studies of the solvated proton by high-pressure mass spectrometry. Thermodynamic determinations and implications for the electrospray ionization process
387. + determined in the gas phase by ion-ligand exchange equilibria
388. Free energies of cation-molecule complex formation and of cation-solvent transfers
389. Revised and expanded scale of gas-phase lithium cation basicities. An experimental and theoretical study
390. 2+, from gas-phase ion-water molecule equilibria determinations
391. Stepwise solvation of halides by alcohol molecules in the gas phase
392. Equilibrium studies by pulsed high-pressure mass spectrometry: A calibration, and some pitfalls and solutions
393. Bridging the gap. A continuous scale of gas-phase basicities from methane to water from pulsed electron beam high-pressure mass spectrometry equilibria
394. High-pressure mass spectrometry
395. +(He/Ne/Ar)
396. n clusters: Asymmetric bonding from a symmetric ion
397. 1-6 clusters: Theory and experiment
398. Gas-phase basicities and relative proton affinities of compounds between water and ammonia from pulsed ICR thermal equilibria
399. Scale of acidities in the gas phase from methanol to phenol
400. Stabilities of positive ions from equilibrium gas-phase basicity measurements
401. Fluoride and chloride affinities of main group oxides, fluorides, oxofluorides, and alkyls. Quantitative scales of Lewis acidities from ion cyclotron resonance halide-exchange equilibria
402. Applications of gas-phase electron-transfer equilibria in organometallic redox thermochemistry
403. Hydrogen bond strength and acidity. Structural and energic correlations for acetylides and alcohols
404. + by acetone, THF, diethyl ether in the gas phase and the ion-molecule association mechanism
405. Unimolecular dissociation of ions. Effect on mass-spectrometric measurements of ion-molecule association equilibria
406. Intrinsic contributions to chiral recognition: Discrimination between enantiomeric amines by dimethyldiketopyridino-18-crown-6 in the gas phase
407. +
408. Enthalpy-entropy compensation. 1. Some fundamental statistical problems associated with analysis of van't Hoff and Arrhenius data
409. Assigning absolute values to proton affinities: A differentiation between competing scales
410. Entropies and free energies of protonation and proton-transfer reactions
411. Absolute alkali metal ion binding affinities of several azoles determined by threshold collision-induced dissociation
412. Lithium-cation and proton affinities of sulfoxides and sulfones: A Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance study
413. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance determination of lithium cation basicities by the kinetic method: Upward extension of the scale to phosphoryl compounds
414. 2 bond energy
415. 2n+2O, n = 1-4, determined by threshold collision-induced dissociation
416. 3C)
417. + + D
418. +) from thermal energies to 30 eV
419. Periodic trends in the reactions of atomic ions with molecular hydrogen
420. The proton affinity and absolute heat of formation of trifluoromethanol
421. 60 bonding by guided ion beam scattering
422. 2 as measured by guided ion beam mass spectrometry
423. Chemistry of metal and semimetal cluster ions
424. Guided ion beam studies of the energetics of organometallic species
425. Building organometallic complexes from the bare metal: Thermochemistry and electronic structure along the way
426. Guided-ion beam studies of ionic transition metal clusters and complexes
427. 2
428. Ion-molecule reaction probabilities near 10 K
429. + + H between 8 and 70 K and interstellar chemistry implications
430. 3P) ions with normal, para, and deuterated hydrogen at low temperature
431. 2 and deuterated analogues: Statistical calculation of cross sections and rate coefficients
432. Experimental investigations of ion-molecule reactions relevant to interstellar chemistry
433. 2
434. -
435. -
436. Rotationally resolved REMPI-PES study of the NH radical
437. Photoionization of the amidogen radical
438. +
439. Dissociation thermochemistry of tetra methylsilane ion. Comparative determination by thermal dissociation and threshold collisional dissociation
440. 1 excitation and zero kinetic energy spectra of partly deuterated 1:1 phenol-water complexes
441. Binding energies of chromium cations with fluorobenzenes from radiative association kinetics
442. 5CN as an example
443. Size dependence of radiative association rates
444. Temperature dependence of radiative association rates
445. 2O, and CO
446. Anion-molecule experiments: Reactive intermediates and mechanistic organic chemistry
447. Cubyl anion formation and an experimental determination of the acidity of C-H bond dissociation energy of cubane
448. Benzocyclobutenone enolate: An anion with an antiaromatic resonance structure
449. Synthesis, properties and reactivity of the phenylcarbene anion in the gas phase
450. 2
451. -
452. An Ab initio study of proton transfers from gas-phase dications: Complications in kinetic methods for determining acidities
453. Gas-phase acidities of transition-metalcarbonyls and trifluorophosphine hydrides
454. 6H radical
455. A relationship between the kinetics and thermochemistry of proton-transfer reactions in the gas phase
456. Thermokinetic determination of gas-phase basicities. Application to ketene, methylketene, and formaldimine
457. Re-evaluated gas-phase basicity and proton affinity data from the thermokinetic method
458. Energy, entropy and the reaction coordinate: Thermodynamic-like relations in chemical kinetics
459. 0(H-CN)
460. Relative gas-phase acidities of the alkanes
461. The gas-phase acidities of the alkanes
462. Determination of the gas-phase acidities of halogen-substituted aromatic compounds using the silane-cleavage method
463. Competitive reactivity as a probe for reaction coordinates in gas-phase ion-molecule chemistry
464. Rotational and vibrational energy effects on ion-molecule reactivity as studied by the VT-SIFDT technique
465. +) + H(D) as functions of temperature from 400 to 1300 K
466. Reactions of mass-selected cluster ions in a thermal bath gas
467. Atom transfer in endothermic ion-molecule reactions
468. + with molecular hydrogen
469. Importance of kinetically excited ions in the synthesis of interstellar molecules
470. + + H
471. +) + H(D) from threshold to centre-of-mass energy 0.8 eV
472. +) + H(D). I. Reaction cross sections and kinetic isotope effects from threshold to 15 eV c.m.
473. +) + H(D). II. Statistical phase space theory
474. + + H: The effect of reagent rotation on the integral cross section in the threshold region
475. 1Π state
476. + in a storage ring
477. Electron attachment to halogens
478. Determination of molecular electron affinities using the electron capture detector in the pulse sampling mode at steady state
479. Experimental determination of electron affinities of organic molecules
480. Experimental determination of the electron affinities of nitrobenzene, nitrotoluene, pentafluoronitrobenzene, and isotopic nitrobenzenes and azulenes
481. The relationship between the electron affinities and half-wave reduction potentials of fullernes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and metal complexes
482. Electron affinity, gas-phase acidity, bond dissociation energy, and negative ion states of nitromethane
483. Modified kinetic model of the electron-capture detector. Molecular electron affinities and electron collection modes
484. Determination of the electron affinities of molecules using negative ion mass spectrometry
485. Extension of electron affinities and ionization potentials of aromatic hydrocarbons
486. Electron capture detection of aromatic hydrocarbons
487. -
488. -
489. -
490. Studies of electron attachment at thermal energies using the flowing afterglow-langmuir probe technique
491. 60 at low energies
492. Electron attachment and detachment in nitric oxide
493. - in FALP experiments
494. Evidence for a lower enthalpy of formation of hydroxyl radical and a lower gas-phase bond dissociation energy of water