Update on genetic events in the pathogenesis of melanoma

Current Opinion in Oncology

Volumn 13, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 129-136

  Halachmi, Shlomit ^a   Gilchrest, Barbara A ^a  

^a BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYCLIC AMP RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN; CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE; CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR; PROTEIN P53; RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR;

CANCER INHIBITION; CELL CYCLE; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; MELANOMA; ONCOGENE RAS; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTO ONCOGENE; REVIEW; SUN EXPOSURE;

GENES, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR; HUMANS; MELANOMA; PROTO-ONCOGENES; SKIN NEOPLASMS;

EID: 0035081414     PISSN: 10408746     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00001622-200103000-00008     Document Type: Review

References (131)

1. Do sunscreens increase or decrease melanoma risk: An epidemiological evaluation
2. Early detection of melanoma
3. The pathogenesis of melanoma induced by ultraviolet radiation
4. Melanoma genetics: An update with focus on the CDKN2A(p16)/ARF tumor suppressors
5. Multiple primary melanoma
6. Pigmentary traits, modalities of sun reaction, history of sunburns, and melanocytic nevi as risk factors for cutaneous malignant melanoma in the Italian population
7. Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases: A biochemical view
8. Inhibitors of mammalian G1 cyclin-dependent kinases
9. Selective maternal-allele loss in human lung cancers of the maternally expressed p57KIP2 gene at 11p15.5
10. Cyclin D- and E-dependent kinases and the p57(KIP2) inhibitor: Cooperative interactions in vivo
11. p21(CIP1) and p57(KIP2) control muscle differentiation at the myogenin step
12. Virtually 100% of melanoma cell lines harbor alterations at the DNA level within CDKN2A, CDKN2B, or one of their downstream targets
13. Genes involved in melanoma: An overview of INK4a and other loci
14. A cell cycle regulator potentially involved in genesis of many tumor types
15. Deletions of the cyclin-dependent kinase-4 inhibitor gene in multiple human cancers
16. The genetics of hereditary melanoma and nevi. 1998 update
17. Mutation screening of the CDKN2A promoter in melanoma families
18. Translational pathophysiology: A novel molecular mechanism of human disease
19. CDKN2A variants in a population-based sample of Queensland families with melanoma
20. Cell-cycle inhibitors: Three families united by a common cause
21. Deregulated E2F transcriptional activity in autonomously growing melanoma cells
22. Multiple abnormalities of the p16INK4a-pRb regulatory pathway in cultured melanoma cells
23. Loss of expression of the p16/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2 tumor suppressor gene in melanocytic lesions correlates with invasive stage of tumor progression
24. Update of diagnostic and prognostic markers in cutaneous malignant melanoma
25. Loss of nuclear p16 protein expression correlates with increased tumor cell proliferation (Ki-67) and poor prognosis in patients with vertical growth phase melanoma
26. Evidence for UV induction of CDKN2 mutations in melanoma cell lines
27. Further evidence for ultraviolet light induction of CDKN2 (p16INK4) mutations in sporadic melanoma in vivo
28. Ultraviolet radiation induces p16CDKN2A expression in human skin
29. UV fingerprint CDKN2a but no p14ARF mutations in sporadic melanomas
30. The expression of p16(INK4a), the product of a tumor suppressor gene for melanoma, is upregulated in human melanocytes by UVB irradiation
31. A novel p16INK4A transcript
32. The human ARF cell cycle regulatory gene promoter is a CpG island which can be silenced by DNA methylation and down-regulated by wild-type p53
33. Selective deletion of exon 1 beta of the p19ARF gene in metastatic melanoma cell lines
34. Germ-line deletion involving the INK4 locus in familial proneness to melanoma and nervous system tumors
35. Tumor suppression at the mouse INK4a locus mediated by the alternative reading frame product p19ARF
36. Screening of germline mutations in the CDKN2A and CDKN2B genes in Swedish families with hereditary cutaneous melanoma
37. CDKN2a/p16INK4a mutations and lack of p19ARF involvement in familial melanoma kindreds
38. p19ARF links the tumour suppressor p53 to Ras
39. The Ink4a tumor suppressor gene product, p19Arf, interacts with MDM2 and neutralizes MDM2's inhibition of p53
40. Functional and physical interactions of the ARF tumor suppressor with p53 and Mdm2
41. E1A signaling to p53 involves the p19(ARF) tumor suppressor
42. Familial melanoma; CDKN2A and beyond
43. The INK4a/ARF tumor suppressor: One gene-two products-two pathways
44. Growth suppression by p18, a p16INK4/MTS1- and p14INK4B/MTS2-related CDK6 inhibitor, correlates with wild·type pRb function
45. Identification of human and mouse p19, a novel CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitor with homology to p16ink4
46. Molecular cloning, expression pattern, and chromosomal localization of human CDKN2D/INK4d, an inhibitor of cyclin D-dependent kinases
47. Isolation and characterization of p19INK4d, a p16-related inhibitor specific to CDK6 and CDK4
48. Structure of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p19Ink4d
49. Mutation testing in melanoma families: INK4A, CDK4 and INK4D
50. p15INK4B is a potential effector of TGF-b-induced cell cycle arrest
51. Screening of germline mutations in the CDK4, CDKN2C and TP53 genes in familial melanoma: A clinic-based population study
52. The PITSLRE protein kinase family
53. Fas-induced apoptosis in human malignant melanoma cell lines is associated with the activation of the p34(cdc2)-related PITSLRE protein kinases
54. Identification and characterization of a novel cell cycle-regulated internal ribosome entry site
55. Abnormalities in the p34cdc2-related PITSLRE protein kinase gene complex (CDC2L) on chromosome band 1p36 in melanoma
56. WAF1/CIP1 is induced in p53-mediated G1 arrest and apoptosis
57. p53-dependent inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase activities in human fibroblasts during radiation-induced G1 arrest
58. A cell cycle-regulated inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases
59. Differential roles for cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p16 in the mechanisms of senescence and differentiation in human fibroblasts
60. Mice lacking p21CIP1/WAF1 undergo normal development, but are defective in G1 checkpoint control
61. p53-independent expression of p21Cip1 in muscle and other terminally differentiating cells
62. Molecular mechanisms for the senescent cell cycle arrest
63. Uncoupling between phenotypic senescence and cell cycle arrest in aging p21-deficient fibroblasts
64. Activation and repression of p21(WAF1/CIP1) transcription by RB binding proteins
65. High levels of constitutive WAF1/Cip1 protein are associated with chemoresistance in acute myelogenous leukemia
66. High levels of expression of p27KIP1 and cyclin E in invasive primary malignant melanomas
67. Up-regulation of p27Kip1 correlates inversely with anchorage-independent growth of human cancer cell lines
68. Periodic expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p57(Kip2) in trophoblast giant cells defines a G2-like gap phase of the endocycle
69. Mechanism for inactivation of the KIP family cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor genes in gastric cancer cells
70. E2F target genes and cell-cycle checkpoint control
71. Rb function in cell-cycle regulation and apoptosis
72. The regulation of normal melanocyte proliferation
73. Melanoma cell autonomous growth: The Rb/E2F pathway
74. E2F-6: A novel member of the E2F family is an inhibitor of E2F- dependent transcription
75. Unusual proliferation arrest and transcriptional control properties of a newly discovered E2F family member, E2F-6
76. E2F-6, a member of the E2F family that can behave as a transcriptional repressor
77. Association with E2F-1 governs intracellular trafficking and polyubiquitination of DP-1
78. RBP1 induces growth arrest by repression of E2F-dependent transcription
79. Characterization of the retinoblastoma binding proteins RBP1 and RBP2
80. Alternative splicing of the RBP1 gene clusters in an internal exon that encodes potential phosphorylation sites
81. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes that recognize decameric peptide sequences of retinoblastoma binding protein 1 (RBP-1) associated with human breast cancer
82. Roles of histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases in gene regulation
83. RBP1 recruits both histone deacety·lase-dependent and -independent repression activities to retinoblastoma family proteins
84. Immunohistochemical detection of CDK4 and p16INK4 proteins in cutaneous malignant melanoma
85. Genetic alterations of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, and Cdk inhibitors in human cancer
86. Cyclin D1 associates with the TBP-associated factor TAF(II)250 to regulate Sp1-mediated transcription
87. A p16INK4a-insensitive CDK4 mutant targeted by cytolytic T lymphocytes in a human melanoma
88. Germline mutations in the p16INK4a binding domain of CDK4 in familial melanoma
89. Novel mutations in the p16/CDKN2A binding region of the cyclin-dependent kinase-4 gene
90. Genotype-phenotype relationships in U.S. melanoma-prone families with CDKN2A and CDK4 mutations
91. Lack of germline CDK6 mutations in familial melanoma
92. Negative regulation of DNA replication by the retinoblastoma protein is mediated by its association with MCM7
93. Inhibition of MCM4,6,7 helicase activity by phosphorylation with cyclin A/Cdk2
94. Cdk2-dependent and -independent pathways in E2F-mediated S phase induction
95. Minichromosome maintenance proteins as biological markers of dysplasia and malignancy
96. MiTF from neural crest to melanoma: Signal transduction and transcription in the melanocyte lineage
97. The gene encoding the T-box factor Tbx2 is a target for the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor in melanocytes
98. Role of microphthalmia transcription factor in regulation of melanocyte differentiation marker TRP-1
99. Expression of genes for microphthalmia isoforms, Pax3 and MSG1, in human melanomas
100. Pax3 and regulation of the melanocyte-specific tyrosinase-related protein-1 promoter
101. Growth regulatory proteins that repress differentiation markers in melanocytes also downregulate the transcription factor microphthalmia
102. Microphthalmia transcription factor. A sensitive and specific melanocyte marker for melanoma diagnosis
103. Acetylation of general transcription factors by histone acetyltransferases
104. p300 and CBP: Partners for life and death
105. CBP/p300 in cell growth, transformation, and development
106. Conjunction dysfunction: CBP/p300 in human disease
107. p53 mutations in human cutaneous melanoma correlate with sun exposure but are not always involved in melanomagenesis
108. p53 protects against skin cancer induction by UV-B radiation
109. Transcriptional activation of tyrosinase and TRP-1 by p53 links UV irradiation to the protective tanning response
110. Differential regulation of E2F transcription factors by p53 tumor suppressor protein
111. The p53 gene family
112. The p53/p63/p73 family of transcription factors: Overlapping and distinct functions
113. Mutational and expression analysis of the p73 gene in melanoma cell lines
114. Lack of p73 mutations and late occurrence of p73 allelic deletions in melanoma tissues and cell lines
115. Allelic loss at the p73 locus (1p36.33) is infrequent in malignant melanoma
116. The lipid phosphatase activity of PTEN is critical for its tumor supressor function
117. Identification of PTEN/MMAC1 alterations in uncultured melanomas and melanoma cell lines
118. The chromosome 10 monosomy common in human melanomas results from loss of two separate tumor suppressor loci
119. Allelic losses on chromosome arm 10q and mutation of the PTEN (MMAC1) tumour suppressor gene in primary and metastatic malignant melanomas
120. Mutation and allelic loss of the PTEN/MMAC1 gene in primary and metastatic melanoma biopsies
121. Disruption of the MMAC1/PTEN gene by deletion or mutation is a frequent event in malignant melanoma
122. Regulation of G1 progression by the PTEN tumor suppressor protein is linked to inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway
123. Relative reciprocity of NRAS and PTEN/MMAC1 alterations in cutaneous melanoma cell lines
124. Mxi1, a protein that specifically interacts with Max to bind Myc-Max recognition sites
125. Max interacting protein 1: Loss of heterozygosity is frequent in desmoplastic melanoma
126. Essential role for oncogenic Ras in tumour maintenance
127. Mutational analysis of the N-ras, p53, p16INK4a, CDK4, and MC1R genes in human congenital melanocytic naevi
128. Expression of activated N-ras in a primary melanoma cell line counteracts growth inhibition by transforming growth factor-beta
129. Mutated N-ras upregulates Bcl-2 in human melanoma in vitro and in SCID mice
130. c-MYC and nodular malignant melanoma
131. New Myc-interacting proteins: A second Myc network emerges