Leptin in the pathophysiology of human obesity and the clinical potential of leptin-based therapy

BioDrugs

Volumn 13, Issue 6, 2000, Pages 391-396

  Thorburn, Anne W ^a,b   Ainslie, Deborah A ^a   Fam, Barbara ^a   Proietto, Joseph ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^b ROYAL MELBOURNE HOSPITAL   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIOBESITY AGENT; LEPTIN;

BODY FAT; BODY WEIGHT; DRUG EFFECT; ENERGY EXPENDITURE; FOOD INTAKE; HORMONE RESPONSE; HUMAN; OBESITY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

EID: 0033911838     PISSN: 11738804     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00063030-200013060-00002     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. 1. Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M, et al. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature 1994; 372: 425-32
2. 2. Montague CT, Prins JB, Sanders L, et al. Depot-and sex-specific differences in human leptin mRNA expression: implications for the control of regional fat distribution. Diabetes 1997; 46 (3): 342-7
3. 3. Houseknecht KL, Mantzoros CS, Kuliawat R, et al. Evidence for leptin binding to proteins in serum of rodents and humans: modulation with obesity. Diabetes 1996 Nov; 45 (11): 1638-43
4. 4. Patel N, Brinkman-Van der Linden EC, Altmann SW, et al. OB-BP1/Siglec-6: a leptin-and sialic acid-binding protein of the immunoglobulin superfamily. J Biol Chem 1999; 274: 22729-38
5. 5. Birkenmeier G, Kampfer I, Kratzsch J, et al. Human leptin forms complexes with alpha 2-macroglobulin which are recognized by the alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor/low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein. Eur J Endocrinol 1998; 139: 224-30
6. 6. Li C, Ioffe E, Fidahusein N, et al. Absence of soluble leptin receptor in plasma from dbPas/dbPas and other db/db mice. J Biol Chem 1998; 273 (16): 10078-82
7. 7. Wang J, Liu R, Liu L, et al. The effect of leptin on Lep expression is tissue-specific and nutritionally regulated. Nat Med 1999; 5: 895-9
8. 8. Martin LJ, Jones PJ, Considine RV, et al. Serum leptin levels and energy expenditure in normal weight women. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1998; 76: 237-41
9. 9. Larsson H, Elmstahl S, Berglund G, et al. Evidence for leptin regulation of food intake in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998 Dec; 83 (12): 4382-5
10. 10. Kennedy A, Gettys TW, Watson P, et al. The metabolic significance of leptin in humans: gender-based differences in relationship to adiposity, insulin sensitivity, and energy expenditure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 1293-300
11. 11. Demerath EW, Towne B, Wisemandle W, et al. Serum leptin concentration, body composition, and gonadal hormones during puberty. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999; 23: 678-85
12. 12. Schubring C, Siebler T, Kratzsch J, et al. Leptin serum concentrations in healthy neonates within the first week of life: relation to insulin and growth hormone levels, skinfold thickness, body mass index and weight. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1999; 51: 199-204
13. 13. Moller N, O'Brien P, Nair KS. Disruption of the relationship between fat content and leptin levels with aging in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 931-4
14. 14. Franceschini R, Corsini G, Cataldi A, et al. Twenty-four-hour variation in serum leptin in the elderly. Metabolism 1999; 48: 1011-4
15. 15. Cioffi JA, Shafer AW, Zupancic TJ, et al. Novel B219/OB receptor isoforms: possible role of leptin in hematopoiesis and reproduction. Nat Med 1996; 2: 585-9
16. 16. Kielar D, Clark JS, Ciechanowicz A, et al. Leptin receptor isoforms expressed in human adipose tissue. Metabolism 1998; 47: 844-7
17. 17. McCowan KC, Chow JC, Smith RJ. Leptin signaling in the hypothalamus of normal rats in vivo. Endocrinology 1998; 139: 4442-7
18. 18. Barzilai N, Wang J, Massilon D, et al. Leptin selectively decreases visceral adiposity and enhances insulin action. J Clin Invest 1997; 100: 3105-10
19. 19. Pelleymounter MA, Cullen MJ, Baker MB, et al. Effects of the obese gene product on body weight regulation in ob/ob mice. Science 1995; 269: 540-6
20. 20. Farooqi IS, Jebb SA, Langmack G, et al. Effects of recombinant leptin therapy in a child with congenital leptin deficiency. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 879-84
21. 21. Salbe AD, Nicolson M, Ravussin E. Total energy expenditure and the level of physical activity correlate with plasma leptin concentrations in five-year-old children. J Clin Invest 1997; 99: 592-5
22. 22. Toth MJ, Sites CK, Poehlman ET. Hormonal and physiological correlates of energy expenditure and substrate oxidation in middle-aged, premenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 2771-5
23. 23. Nicklas BJ, Toth MJ, Poehlman ET. Daily energy expenditure is related to plasma leptin concentrations in older African-American women but not men. Diabetes 1997; 46: 1389-92
24. 24. Levine JA, Eberhardt NL, Jensen MD. Role of nonexercise activity thermogenesis in resistance to fat gain in humans. Science 1999; 283: 212-4
25. 25. Levine JA, Eberhardt NL, Jensen MD. Leptin responses to overfeeding: relationship with body fat and nonexercise activity thermogenesis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 2751-4
26. 26. Doring H, Shcwarzer K, Nuesslein-Hildesheim B, et al. Leptin selectively increases energy expenditure of food-restricted lean mice. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1998; 22: 83-8
27. 27. Mantzoros CS, Flier JS, Rogol AD. A longitudinal assessment of hormonal and physical alterations during normal puberty in boys. V. Rising leptin levels may signal the onset of puberty. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 1066-70
28. 28. Nakata M, Yada T, Soejima N, et al. Leptin promotes aggregation of human platelets via the long form of its receptor. Diabetes 1999; 48: 426-9
29. 29. Liu L, Karkanias GB, Morales JC, et al. Intracerebroventricular leptin regulates hepatic but not peripheral glucose fluxes. J Biol Chem 1998; 273: 31160-7
30. 30. Shimomura I, Hammer RE, Ikemoto S, et al. Leptin reverses insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus in mice with congenital lipodystrophy. Nature 1999; 401: 73-6
31. 31. Friedman JM, Halaas JL. Leptin and the regulation of body weight in mammals. Nature 1998; 395: 763-70
32. 32. Festa A, Shnawa N, Krugluger W, et al. SM. Relative hypoleptinaemia in women with mild gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 1999; 16: 656-62
33. 33. Ravussin E, Pratley RE, Maffei M, et al. Relatively low plasma leptin concentrations precede weight gain in Pima Indians. Nat Med 1997; 3: 238-40
34. 34. Montague CT, Farooqi IS, Whitehead JP, et al. Congenital leptin deficiency is associated with severe early-onset obesity in humans. Nature 1997; 387: 903-8
35. 35. Strobel A, Camoin TIL, Oxata M, et al. A leptin missense mutation associated with hypogonadism and morbid obesity. Nat Genet 1998; 18: 213-5
36. 36. Clement K, Vaisse C, Lahlou N, et al. A mutation in the human leptin receptor gene causes obesity and pituitary dysfunction. Nature 1998; 392: 398-401
37. 37. Caro JF, Kolaczynski JW, Nyce MR, et al. Decreased cerebrospinal-fluid/serum leptin ratio in obesity: a possible mechanism for leptin resistance. Lancet 1996; 348: 159-61
38. 38. Seeley RJ, Yagaloff KA, Fisher SL, et al. Melanocortin receptors in leptin effects [letter]. Nature 1997; 390: 349
39. 39. Zakrzewska KE, Cusin I, Sainsbury A, et al. Glucocorticoids as counterregulatory hormones of leptin: toward an understanding of leptin resistance. Diabetes 1997; 46: 717-9
40. 40. Hinney A, Shmidt A, Nottebom K, et al. Several mutations in the melanocortin-4 receptor gene including a nonsense and a frameshift mutation associated with dominantly inherited obesity in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 1483-6
41. 41. Emilsson V, Arch JR, de Groot RP, et al. Leptin treatment increases suppressors of cytokine signaling in central and peripheral tissues. FEBS Lett 1999; 455: 170-4
42. 42. Bjorbaek C, Elmquist JK, Frantz JD, et al. Identification of SOCS-3 as a potential mediator of central leptin resistance. Mol Cell 1998; 1: 619-25
43. 43. Barr VA, Lane K, Taylor SI. Subcellular localization and internalization of the four human leptin receptor isoforms. J Biol Chem 1999; 274: 21416-24
44. 44. Heymsfield SB, Greenberg AS, Fujioka K, et al. Recombinant leptin for weight loss in obese and lean adults: a randomized, controlled, dose-escalation trial. JAMA 1999; 282: 1568-75
45. 45. Keim NL, Stern JS, Havel PJ. Relation between circulating leptin concentrations and appetite during a prolonged, moderate energy deficit in women. Am J Clin Nutr 1998; 68: 794-801
46. 46. Geldszuz R, Mayr B, Horn R, et al. Serum leptin and weight reduction in female obesity. Eur J Endocrinol 1996; 135: 659-62
47. 47. Mueller WM, Gregoire FM, Stanhope KL, et al. Evidence that glucose metabolism regulates leptin secretion from cultured rat adipocytes. Endocrinology 1998; 139: 551-8
48. 3 adrenergic receptors suppresses leptin expression and mediates a leptin-independent inhibition of food intake in mice. Diabetes 1996; 45: 909-14
49. 49. Wisse BE, Campfield LA, Marliss EB, et al. Effect of prolonged moderate and severe energy restriction and refeeding on plasma leptin concentrations in obese women. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 70: 321-30
50. 50. Halle M, Berg A, Garwers U, et al. Concurrent reductions of serum leptin and lipids during weight loss in obese men with type II diabetes. Am J Physiol 1999; 277: 277-82E