Cell therapy: Achievements and perspectives

Haematologica

Volumn 84, Issue 12, 1999, Pages 1110-1149

  Bordignon, Claudio ^a   Carlo Stella, Carmelo ^b   Colombo, Mario Paolo ^b   De Vincentiis, Armando ^c   Lanata, Luigi ^c   Lemoli, Roberto Massimo ^d   Locatelli, Franco ^f,g   Olivieri, Attilio ^e   Rondelli, Damiano ^d   Zanon, Paola ^c   Tura, Sante ^d  

^a SAN RAFFAELE HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^b NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE   (Italy)

^c Chemistry Section   (Italy)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

^e UNIVERSITÀ POLITECNICA DELLE MARCHE   (Italy)

^f UNIVERSITY OF PAVIA   (Italy)

^g Amgen Italia SpA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Cell therapy

Indexed keywords

ADOPTIVE IMMUNOTHERAPY; ARTICLE; HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; HUMAN; IMMUNOSURVEILLANCE; LYMPHOKINE ACTIVATED KILLER CELL; SOLID TUMOR; TREATMENT INDICATION; TUMOR ASSOCIATED LEUKOCYTE;

ANIMALS; DENDRITIC CELLS; GENE THERAPY; HUMANS; IMMUNOTHERAPY, ADOPTIVE; KILLER CELLS, LYMPHOKINE-ACTIVATED; LYMPHOCYTE TRANSFUSION; LYMPHOCYTES, TUMOR-INFILTRATING; TISSUE THERAPY; TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS;

EID: 0033394491     PISSN: 03906078     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (361)

1. Murphy JB. Monography. Rockefeller Institute of Medical Research 1926; 21:1-168.
2. Medawar PB. Croonian Lecture. Proc Royal Soc B 1958; 148:159-61.
3. Bertolini F, de Vincentiis A, Lanata L, et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells from sources other than bone marrow: biological and technical aspects. Haematologica 1997; 82:220-38.
4. Arcese W, Aversa F, Bandini G, et al Clinical use of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells from sources other than bone marrow. Haematologica 1998; 83:159-82.
5. Aglietta M, Bertolini F, Carlo-Stella C, et al. Ex-vivo expansion of hematopoietic cells and their clinical use. Haematologica 1998; 83:824-48.
6. Janeway CA Jr, Bottomly K. Signals and signs for lymphocyte responses. Cell 1994; 76:275-85.
7. Thompson CB. Distinct roles for the costimulatory ligands B7-1 and B7-2 in T helper cell differentiation? Cell 1995; 81:979-82.
8. van Kooter C, Banchereau J. Functions of CD40 on B cells, dendritic cells and other cells. Curr Opin Immunol 1997; 9:330-7.
9. Boon T, DePlaen E, Traversari C, et al. Identification of tumor rejection antigens recognized by T lymphocytes. Cancer Surv 1992; 13:23-37.
10. van der Bruggen P, Traversari C, Chomez P, et al. A gene encoding an antigen recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes on human melanoma. Science 1991; 254:1643-7.
11. Restifo NP, Esquivel F, Kawakami Y, et al. Identification of human cancers deficient in antigen processing. J Exp Med 1993; 177:265-72.
12. Merogi AJ, Marrogi AJ, Ramesh R, Robinson WR, Fermin CD, Freeman SM. Tumor-host interaction: analysis of cytokines, growth factors, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in ovarian carcinomas. Hum Pathol 1997; 28:321-31.
13. Guinan EC, Gribben JG, Boussiotis VA, Freeman GJ, Nadler LM. Pivotal role of the B7: CD28 pathway in transplantation tolerance and tumor immunity. Blood 1994; 84:3261-82.
14. Maeurer MJ, Gollin SM, Martin D, et al. Tumor escape from immune recognition. J Clin Invest 1996; 98: 1633-41.
15. INK4a-insensitive CDK4 mutant targeted by cytolytic T lymphocytes in a human melanoma. Science 1995; 269: 1281-4.
16. Tanaka K, Yoshioka T, Bieberich C, Jay C. Role of major histocompatibility complex class I antigens in tumor growth and metastasis. Annu Rev Immunol 1988; 6:359-80.
17. Korkolopoulou P, Kaklamanis L, Pezzella F, Harris AL, Gatter KC. Loss of antigen-presenting molecules (MHC class I and TAP-1 ) in lung cancer. Br J Cancer 1996; 97:148-53.
18. Schultze J, Nadler LM, Gribben JG. B7-mediated co-stimulation and the immune response. Blood Rev 1996; 10:111-27.
19. Strand S, Galle PR. Immune evasion by tumours: involvement of the CD95 (APO-1/Fas) system and its clinical implications. Mol Med Today 1998; 4:63-8.
20. Onrust SV, Harti PM, Rosen SD, Hanahan D. Modulation of L-selection ligand expression during an immune response accompanying tumorigenesis in transgenic mice. J Clin Invest 1996; 97:54-64.
21. Herberman RB, Nunn ME, Lavrin DH. Natural cytotoxic reactivity of mouse lymphoid cells against syngeneic and allogeneic tumors. I. Distribution of reactivity and specificity. Int J Cancer 1975; 16:216-29.
22. Barlozzari T, Reynolds CW, Herberman RB. In vivo role of natural killer cells: involvement of large granular lymphocytes in the clearance of tumor cells in antiasialo GM1-treated rats. J Immunol 1983; 131:1024-7.
23. Karre K, Ljunggren H-G, Piontek G, Kiessling R. Selective rejection of H2-deficient lymphoma variants suggests alternative immune defense strategy. Nature 1986; 319:675-8.
24. Braud VM, Allan DS, O'Callaghan CA, et al. HLA-E binds to natural killer cell receptors CD94/NKG2A, B and C. Nature 1998; 391;795-9.
25. Ciccone E, Grossi CE, Velardi A. Opposing functions of activatory T-cell receptors and inhibitory NK-cell receptors on cytotoxic T cells, Immunol Today 1996; 17:451-3.
26. Colonna M. Immunology: unmasking the killer's accomplice. Nature 1998; 391:642-3.
27. Daniels B, Karlhofer FM, Seaman WE, Yokoyama WM. A natural killer cell receptor specific for a major histocompatibility complex class I molecule. J Ex Med 1994; 180:687-92.
28. Miller JS, Alley KA, McGlave PB. Differentiation of natural killer cells from human primitive marrow progenitors in a stroma based long term culture system: identification of a CD34+/CD7+ NK progenitor. Blood 1994; 83:2594-601.
29. Mrozek E, Anderson P, Caligiuri MA. Role of interleukin-15 in the development of human CD56+ natural killer cells from CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. Blood 1996; 87:2632-40.
30. dim natural killer cells in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia progessively decrease in number, respond less to stimuli that recruit clonogenic natural killer cells, and exhibit decreased proliferation on a per cell basis. Blood 1996; 88:2279-87.
31. Rayner AA, Grimm EA, Lotze MT, et al. Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell phenomenon. IV. Lysis by LAK cell clones of fresh human tumor cells from autologous and multiple allogeneic tumors. J Natl Cancer Inst 1985; 75:67-75.
32. Torpey DJ 3rd, Lindsley MD, Rinaldo CR Jr. HLA-restricted lysis of herpes simplex virus-infected monocytes and macrophages mediated by CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. J Immunol 1989; 142:1325-32.
33. Jorgensen H, Hokland P, Jensen T, et al. Natural killer cells in peripheral blood after autologous bone marrow transplantation: a combined phenotypic and functional study. Nat Immunol 1995; 14:164-72.
34. Roberts K, Lotze MT, Rosenberg SA. Separation and functional studies of the human lymphokine-activated killer cell. Cancer Res 1987; 47: 4366-71.
35. Rosenberg SA. Lymphokine-activated killer cells: a new approach to immunotherapy of cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1985; 75:595-603.
36. Papa MZ, Mulé JJ, Rosenberg SA. The antitumor efficacy of lymphokine activated killer cells and recombinant IL-2 in vivo: successful immunotherapy of established pulmonary metastases from weakly immunogenic and non-immunogenic murine tumors of three distinct histological types. Cancer Res 1986; 46:4973-8.
37. Lotzova E, Savary CA, Herberman RB. Inhibition of clonogenic growth of fresh leukemia cells by unstimulated and IL-2 stimulated NK cells of normal donors. Leukemia Res 1987; 11:1059-66.
38. Parrado A, Rodriguez-Fernadez JM, Casares S, et al. Generation of LAK cells in vitro in patients with acute leukemia. Leukemia 1993; 7:1344-8.
39. Archimbaud E, Bailly M, Doré JF. Inducibility of lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells in patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia in complete remission and its clinical relevance. Br J Haematol 1991; 77:328-34.
40. Rosenberg SA, Lotze MT, Muul LM, et al. Observations on the systemic administration of autologous lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant interleukin-2 to patients with metastatic cancer. N Engl J Med 1985; 313:1485-92.
41. Hawkins MJ. PPO Update IL2/LAK. Princ Prac Oncol 1989; 3:1-4.
42. Weiss GR, Margolin KA, Aronson FR, et al. A randomized phase II trial of conttinuous infusion interleukin-2 or bolus injection interleukin-2 plus lymphokine-activated killer cells for advanced renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 1992; 10:275-81.
43. McCabe MS, Stablein D, Hawkins MJ. The modified group C experience-phase III randomized trials of IL-2 versus IL-2/LAK in advanced renal cell carcinoma and advanced melanoma [abstract]. Proceedings of American Society of Clinical Oncology; 1991; 10: 213a.
44. Rosenberg SA, Lotze MT, Yang JC, et al. Prospective randomized trial of high-dose interleukin-2 alone or in conjunction with lymphokine-activated killer cells for the treatment of patients with advanced cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993; 85:622-32.
45. Murray Law T, Motzer RJ, Mazumdar M, et al. Phase III randomized trial of interleukin-2 with or without lymphokine activated killer cells in the treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Cancer 1995; 76: 824-32.
46. Kimura H, Yamaguchi Y: A phase III randomized study of interleukin-2 lymphokine-activated killer cell immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy or radiotherapy after curative or noncurative resection of primary lung carcinoma. Cancer 1997; 80:42-9.
47. Boldt DH, Mills BJ, Gemlo BT, et al. Laboratory correlates of adoptive immunotherapy with recombinant interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells in humans. Cancer Res 1988; 48:4409-16.
48. Margolin KA, Rayner AA, Hawkins MJ, et al. Interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cell therapy of solid tumors: analysis of toxicity and management guidelines. J Clin Oncol 1989; 7:486-98.
49. Négrier S, Philip T, Stoter G, et al. Interleukin-2 with or without LAK cells in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a report of a European multicentre study. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1989; 25(suppl 3):S21-S28.
50. Escudier B, Farace F, Droz JP, et al. Abstract Proceedings of American Society of Clinical Oncology 1991; 10:527a.
51. Attal M, Blaise D, Marit G, et al. Consolidation treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a prospective, randomized trial comparing allogeneic versus autologous bone marrow trasplantation and testing the impact of recombinant interleukin-2 after autologous bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1995; 86:1619-28.
52. Fefer A, Benyunes M, Higuchi C, et al. IL-2+/- lymphokine activated killer cells as consolidative immunotherapy after autologous bone marrow transplantation for hematologic malignancies. Acta Hematol 1993; 89:2-7.
53. Beaujean F, Bernaudin F, Kuentz M, et al. Successful engraftment after autologous transplantation of 10-day cultured bone marrow activated by interleukin 2 in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 1995; 15:691-6.
54. Mechan KR, Verma UN, Cahill R, et al. Interleukin-2-activated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for breast cancer: investigation of dose level with clinical correlates. Bone Marrow Transplant 1997; 20:643-51.
55. Olivieri A, Cantori I, Montanari M, et al. GM-CSF plus IL-2 administration associated with multiple autologous LAK reinfusions can induce a major cytogenetic response in early relapsed CML after autologous transplantation: a case report [abstract]. Bone Marrow Transplant 1998; 21:S65.
56. Klingemann HG, Deal H, Reid D, Eaves CJ. Design and validation of a clinically applicable culture procedure for the generation of interleukin-2 activated natural killer cells in human bone marrow autografts. Exp Hematol 1993; 21:1263-70.
57. Silva MRG, Parreira A, Ascensao JL. Natural killer cell numbers and activity in mobilized peripheral blood stem cell grafts: conditions for in vitro expansion. Exp Hematol 1995; 23:1676-81.
58. Miller JS, Klingsporn S, Lund J, et al. Large-scale ex vivo expansion and activation of human natural killer cells for autologous therapy. Bone Marrow Transplant 1994; 14:555-62.
59. Vujanovic NL, Rabinowich H, Lee YJ Jost L, Herberman RB, Whiteside TL. Distinct phenotypes and functional characteristics of human natural killer cells obtained by rapid interleukin-induced adherence to plastic. Cell Immunol 1993; 151:133-57.
60. Sheffold C, Brandt K, Johnston V. Potential of autologous immunologic effector cells for bone marrow purging in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 1995; 15:33-9.
61. Spiess PJ, Yang JC, Rosenberg SA. In vivo antitumor activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes expanded in recombinant IL-2. J Natl Cancer Inst 1987; 79:1067-75.
62. Balch CM, Riley LB, Bae YJ, et al. Patterns of human tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in 120 human cancers. Arch Surg 1990; 12:200-5.
63. Haas GP Solomon D, Rosenberg SA. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes from nonrenal urological malignancies. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1990; 30:342-50.
64. Heo DS Whiteside TL, Johnson JT, Chen KN, Barnes EL, Herberman RB. Long term interleukin-2-dependent growth and cytotoxic activity of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes from human squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cancer Res 1987; 47: 6353-62.
65. Rodolfo M, Salvi C, Bassi C, Parmiani G. Adoptive immunotherapy of a mouse colon carcinoma with recombinant interleukin-2 alone or combined with lymphokine-activated killer cells or tumor-immune lymphocytes. Survival benefit of adjuvant post-surgical treatments and comparison with experimental metastases model. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1990; 31:28-36.
66. Griffin JD. Hemopoietins in oncology: factoring out myelosuppression. J Clin Oncol 1989; 7:151-5.
67. Wong RA, Alexander RB, Puri RK, Rosenberg SA. In vivo proliferation of adoptively transferred tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in mice. J Immunother 1991; 10: 120-30.
68. Fisher B, Packard BS, Read EJ, et al. Tumor localization of adoptively transferred indium-111 labeled tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol 1989; 7:250-61.
69. Rosenberg SA, Aebersold P, Cornetta K, et al. Gene transfer into humans: immunotherapy of patients with advanced melanoma using tumor infiltrating lymphocytes modified by retroviral gene transfer. N Engl J Med 1990; 323:570-8.
70. Aebersold P, Hyatt C, Johnson S, et al. Lysis of autologous melanoma cells by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes: association with clinical response. J Natl Cancer Inst 1991; 83:932-7.
71. Barth RJ, Mulé JJ, Spiess PJ, Rosenberg SA. Interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor have a role in tumor regressions mediated by murine CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. J Exp Med 1991; 173:647-58.
72. Treisman J, Hwu P, Minamoto S, et al. Interleukin-2 transduced lymphocytes grow in an autocrine fashion and remain responsive to antigen. Blood 1995; 85: 139-45.
73. Bani MR, Garofalo A, Scanziani E, Giavazzi R. Effect of interleukin-1-β on metastases formation in different tumor systems. J Natl Cancer Inst 1991; 83:119-23.
74. Malik STA, Naylor S, EAST N, Oliff A, Balkwill FR. Cells secreting tumour necrosis factor show enhanced metastases in nude mice. Eur J Cancer 1990; 26: 1031-4.
75. Robbins PF, Kawakami Y. Human tumor antigens recognized by T-cells. Curr Opin Immunol 1996; 8:628-36.
76. Rosenberg SA, Packard BS, Aebersold PM, et al. Use of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and interleukin-2 in the immunotherapy of patients with metastatic melanoma. A preliminary report. N Engl J Med 1988; 319:1676-80.
77. Kradin RL, Lazarus DS, Dubinett SM, et al. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and interleukin-2 in treatment of advanced cancer. Lancet 1989; 1:577-9.
78. Deeg HJ, Spitzer TR, Cootler-Fox M, et al. Conditioning-related toxicity and acute graft-versus-host disease in patients given methotrexate/cyclosporine prophylaxis. Bone Marrow Transplant 1991; 7:193-8.
79. Vogelsang GB, Hess AD. Graft-versus-host disease: new directions for a persistent problem. Blood 1994; 84:2061-7.
80. Xun CQ, Thompson JS, Jennings CD, et al. The effect of human IL-2-activated natural killer and T-cells on graft-versus-host disease and graft-versus-leukemia in SCID mice bearing human leukemic cells. Transplantation 1995; 6:821-7.
81. Miller JS, Prosper F, Mc Cullar V. Natural killer cells are functionally abnormal and NK cell progenitors are diminished in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cell collections. Blood 1997; 90:3098-105.
82. Albi N, Ruggeri L, Aversa F, et al. Natural killer (NK) function and antileukemic activity of a large population of CD3+/CD8+ T cells expressing NK receptors for major histocompatibility complex class I after three-loci HLA-incompatible bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1996; 87:3993-4000.
83. Lee S, Suen Y, Chang L, et al. Decreased interleukin-12 from activated cord versus adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells and upregulation of interferon-γ, natural killer, and lymphokine activated killer activity by IL-12 in cord blood mononuclear cells. Blood 1996; 88:945-54.
84. Verfaillie C, Miller W, Kay N, McGlave PB. Adherent lymphokine activated killer (ALAK) cells in chronic myelogenous leukemia: a benign cell population with potent cytotoxic activity. Blood 1989; 74:793-7.
85. Hauch M, Gazzola MV, Small T, et al. Anti-leukemia potential of interleukin-2 activated natural killer cells after bone marrow transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia. Blood 1990; 75:2250-62.
86. Miller JS, Verfaillie C, McGlave P. Expansion and activation of human natural killer cells for autologous therapy. J Hematother 1994; 3:71-4.
87. Cervantes F, Pierson BA, McGlave PB, Verfaillie CM, Miller JS. Autologous activated natural killer cells suppress primitive chronic myelogenous leukemia progenitors in long-term culture. Blood 1996; 87:2476-85.
88. Lanier LL, Phillips JH. Inhibitory MHC class I receptors on NK cells and T cells, Immunol Today 1986; 17:86-92.
89. Schmidt-Wolf IGH, Lefterova P, Johnston V. Propagation of large numbers of T cells with natural killer cell markers. Br J Haematol 1994; 87:453-8.
90. Scheffold C, Brandt K, Johnston V. Potential of autologous immunologic effector cells for bone marrow purging in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 1995; 15:33-9.
91. Hoyle C, Bangs CD, Chang P, Kamel O, Metta B, Negrin RS. Expansion of Philadelphia chromosome-negative CD3+ CD56+ cytotoxic cells from chronic myeloid leukemia patients: in vitro and in vivo efficacy in severe combined immunodeficiency disease mice. Blood 1998; 92:3318-27.
92. Nalesnik MA, Rao AS, Furukawa H, et al. Autologous lymphokine-activated killer cell therapy of Epstein-Barr virus-positive and -negative lymphoproliferative disorders arising in organ transplant recipients. Transplantation 1997; 63:1200-5.
93. Katsumoto Y, Monden T, Takeda T, et al. Analysis of cytotoxic activity of the CD4+ T lymphocytes generated by local immunotherapy. Br J Cancer 1996; 73: 110-6.
94. Tsurushima H, Qin Liu S, Tsuboi K, Yoshii Y, Nose T, Ohno T. Induction of human autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes against minced tissues of glioblastoma multiforme. J Neurosurg 1996; 84:258-63.
95. Schultze JL, Seamon MJ, Michalak S, Gribben JG, Nadler LM. Autologous tumor-infiltrating T cells cytotoxic for follicular lymphoma cells can be expanded in vitro. Blood 1997; 89:3806-16.
96. Kanegane H, Tosato G. Activation of naive and memory T cells by interleukin-15. Blood 1996; 88:230-5.
97. Robertson M, Soffier R, Wolf S, et al. Response of human natural killer (NK) cell to NK cell stimulatory factor (NKSF): cytolytic activity and proliferation of NK cells are differentially regulated by NKSF. J Exp Med 1992; 175:779-88.
98. Rossi AR, Pericle F, Rashleigh S, Janiec J, Djeu J. Lysis of neuroblastoma cell lines by human natural killer cells activated by interleukin-12. Blood 1994; 83: 1323-8.
99. Kusher DI, Rashlegh SR, Endicott JN, Djeu J. Interleukin-2 and interleukin-12 activate killer cell cytolytic response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [abstract]. Proceedings of the American Association of Cancer Research 1994; 35: 3119a.
100. Vitale A, Guarini A, Latagliata R, Cignetti A, Foa R. Cytotoxic effectors activated by low-dose IL-2 plus IL-12 lyse IL-2-resistant autologous acute myeloid leukemia blasts. Br J Haematol 1998; 101:150-7.
101. Satoh M, Seki S, Hashimoto W, et al. Cytotoxic γδ or αβ T cells with a natural killer cell marker, CD56, induced from human peripheral blood lymphocytes by a combination of IL-12 and IL-2. J Immunol 1996; 157:3886-92.
102. Olivieri A, Cantori I, Provinciali M, et al. The association of GM-CSF plus IL-2 for cytotoxic cell expansion: influence of monocyte and GM-CSF concentration [abstract]. Blood 1997; 90:4302a.
103. Basse P, Goldfarb RH. Localization of immune effector cells to tumor metastases. In: Goldfarb R, Whiteside T, eds. Tumor Immunology and Cancer Therapy, New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1994. p. 149-58.
104. Kuznetsov VA, Makalkin IA, Taylor MA, Perelson AS. Nonlinear dynamics of immunogenic tumors: parameter estimation and global bifurcation analysis. Bull Math Biol 1994; 56:295-321.
105. Zhu H, Melder RJ, Baxter LT, Jain RK. Physiologically based kinetic model of effector cell biodistribution in mammals: implications for adoptive immunotherapy. Cancer Res 1996; 56:3771-81.
106. Okada K, Nannmark U, Vujanovic N, et al. Elimination of established liver metastases by human interleukin-2-activated natural killer cells after locoregional or systemic adoptive transfer. Cancer Res 1996; 56:1599-608.
107. Sasaki A, Jain RK, Maghazachi AA, Goldfarb RH, Herberman RB. Low deformability of lymphokine-activated killer cells as a possible determinant of in vivo biodistribution. Cancer Res 1989; 49:3742-6.
108. Melder RJ, Jain RK. Kinetics of interleukin-2 induced changes in rigidity of human natural killer cells. Cell Biophys 1992; 20:161-76.
109. Shiloni E, Eisenthal A, Sachs D, et al. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity mediated by murine lymphocytes activated in recombinant interleukin-2. J Immunol 1987; 6:1992-8.
110. Eisenthal A, Cameron RB, Uppenkamp I, et al. Effect of combined therapy with lymphokine-activated killer cells, interleukin-2 and specific monoclonal antibody on established B16 melanoma lung metastases. Cancer Res 1988; 48:7140-5.
111. Kolb HJ, Mittermuller J, Clemm C, et al. Donor leukocyte transfusions for treatment of recurrent chronic myelogenous leukemia in marrow transplant patients. Blood 1990; 76:2462-5.
112. Locatelli F. The role of repeat transplantation of haematopoietic stem cells and adoptive immunotherapy in treatment of leukaemia relapsing following allogeneic transplantation. Br J Haematol 1998; 102:633-8.
113. Mackinnon S, Papadopoulos EB, Carabasi MH, et al. Adoptive immunotherapy evaluating escalating doses of donor leukocytes for relapse of chronic myeloid leukemia after bone marrow transplantation: separation of graft-versus-leukemia responses from graft-versus-host disease. Blood 1995; 86:1261-68.
114. van Rhee F, Lin F, Cullis JO, et al. Relapse of chronic myeloid leukemia after allogeneic bone marrow transplant: the case for giving donor leukocyte transfusions before the onset of hematologic relapse. Blood 1994; 83:3377-83.
115. Collins-RH J, Shpilberg O, Drobyski WR, et al. Donor leukocyte infusions in 140 patients with relapsed malignancy after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. J Clin Oncol 1997; 15:433-44.
116. Kolb HJ, Schattenberg A, Goldman JM, et al. Graft-versus-leukemia effect of donor lymphocyte transfusions in marrow grafted patients. European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Working Party Chronic Leukemia. Blood 1995; 86:2041-50.
117. Mehta J, Powles R, Treleaven J, et al. Outcome of acute leukemia relapsing after bone marrow transplantation: utility of second transplants and adoptive immunotherapy. Bone Marrow Transplant 1997; 19: 709-19.
118. Raanani P, Dazzi F, Sohal J, et al. The rate and kinetics of molecular response to donor leucocyte transfusions in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients treated for relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Br J Haematol 1997; 99:945-50.
119. Giralt S, Hester J, Huh Y, et al. CD8-depleted donor lymphocyte infusion as treatment for relapsed chronic myelogenous leukemia after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1995; 86:337-43.
120. Lokhorst HM, Schattenberg A, Cornelissen JJ, Thomas LLM, Verdonck LF. Donor leukocyte infusions are effective in relapsed multiple myeloma after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1997; 90: 4206-11.
121. Dazzi F, Raanani P, van Rhee P, et al. Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) for relapse of CML after allo-BMT: comparison of two regimens. Bone Marrow Transplant 1998; 21(Suppl. 1):S70.
122. Slavin S, Naparstek E, Nagler A, et al. Allogeneic cell therapy with donor peripheral blood cells and recombinant human interleukin-2 to treat leukaemia relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1996; 87:2195-204.
123. Murphy WJ, Longo DL.The potential role of NK cells in the separation of graft-versus-tumor effects from graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, Immunol Rev 1997; 157:167-76.
124. Falkenburg, JH, Smit WM, Willemze R. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses against acute or chronic myeloid leukemia, Immunol Rev 1997; 157:223-30
125. Goulmy E. Human minor histocompatibility antigens: new concepts for marrow transplantation and adoptive immunotherapy. Immunol Rev 1997; 157:125-40.
126. Faber LM, van der Hoeven J, Goulmy E, et al. Recognition of clonogenic leukemic cells, remission bone marrow and HLA identical donor bone marrow by CD8+ or CD4+ minor histocompatibility antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Clin Invest 1995; 96: 877-83.
127. Faber LM, van Luxemburg-Heijs SAP, Veenhof WFJ, Willemze R, Falkenburg JHF. Generation of CD4+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes clones from a patient with severe graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: implications for graft-versus-leukemia reactivity. Blood 1995; 86:2821-8.
128. Jiang JYZ, Mavroudis DA, Dermine S, Molldrem J, Hensel NF, Barrett AJ. Preferential usage of T cell receptor (TCR) V by allogeneic T cells recognizing myeloid leukemia cells: implications for separating graft-versus-leukemia effect from graft-versus-host disease. Bone Marrow Transplant 1997; 19:899-903.
129. Barrett AJ, Malkovska V. Graft-versus-leukemia: understanding and using the alloimmune response to treat haematological malignancies. Br J Haematol 1996; 93:754-61.
130. Faber LM, van-Luxemburg Heijs SA, Willemze R, Falkenburg, JH. Generation of leukemia-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones from the HLA-identical bone marrow donor of a patient with leukemia. J Exp Med 1992; 176: 1283-9.
131. Montagna D, Locatelli F, Calcaterra V, et al. Does the emergence and persistence of donor derived leukemia-reactive cytotoxic T-lymphocytes protect patients given an allogeneic BMT from recurrence? Results of a preliminary study. Bone Marrow Transplant 1998; 22: 743-50.
132. Falkenburg JH, Wafelman AR, van Bergen CAM, et al. Leukemia-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) induce complete remission in a patient with refractory accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Blood 1997; 90(Suppl. 1):589a.
133. Bonini C, Ferrari G, Verzelletti S, et al. HSV-TK gene transfer into donor-lymphocytes for control of allogeneic graft-versus-leukaemia. Science 1997; 276: 1719-24.
134. Horowitz MM, Gale RP, Sondel PM, et al. Graft-versus-leukemia reactions after bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1990; 75:555-62.
135. Molldrem J, Dermime S, Parker K, et al. Targeted T-cell therapy for human leukemia: cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for a peptide derived from proteinase 3 preferentially lyse human myeloid leukemia cells. Blood 1996; 88:2450-7.
136. Janeway CA Jr, Bottomly K. Signals and signs for lymphocyte responses. Cell 1994; 76:275-85.
137. Gimmi CD, Freeman GJ, Gribben JG, Gray G, Nadler LM. Human T-cell clonal anergy is induced by antigen presentation in the absence of B7 costimulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90:6586-90.
138. Noel PJ, Boise LH, Green JM, Thompson CB. CD28 costimulation prevents cell death during primary T cell activation. J Immunol 1996; 157:636-42.
139. Cardoso AA, Schultze JL, Boussiotis VA, et al. Pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells may induce T-cell anergy to alloantigen. Blood 1996; 88:41-8.
140. Cardoso AA, Seamon MJ, Afonso HM, et al. Ex vivo generation of human anti-pre-B leukemia-specific autologous cytolytic T cells. Blood 1997; 90:549-61.
141. Barrett AJ, Mavroudis D, Molldrem J, et al. Optimizing the dose and timing of lymphocytes add-back in T-cell depleted BMT between HLA-identical siblings. Blood 1996; 88 (Suppl. 1): 460a.
142. Aversa F, Tabilio A, Terenzi A, et al. Successful engraftment of T-cell-depleted haploidentical "three-loci" incompatible transplants in leukemia patients by addition of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells to bone marrow inoculum. Blood 1994; 84: 3948-55.
143. Gribben JG, Guinan EC, Boussiotis VA, et al. Complete blockade of B7 family-mediated costimulation is necessary to induce human alloantigen-specific anergy: a method to ameliorate graft-versus-host disease and extend the donor pool. Blood 1996; 87:4887-93.
144. Comoli P, Montagna D, Moretta A, Zecca M, Locatelli F, Maccario R. Alloantigen-induced human lymphocytes rendered nonresponsive by a combination of anti-CD80 monoclonal antibodies and cyclosporin-A suppress mixed lymphocyte reaction in vitro. J Immunol 1995; 155:5506-11.
145. Comoli P, Locatelli F, Montagna D, et al. Induction of alloantigen-specific anergy do not impair cytolytic activity of leukemia-reactive human T cells. Blood 1997; 90(suppl. 1):535a.
146. Cavazzana-Calvo M, Fromont C, Le Deist F, et al. Specific elimination of alloreactive T cells by an anti-interleukin-2 receptor B chain-specific immunotoxin. Transplantation 1990; 50:1-7.
147. Mickey B, Kohn C, Lowdell MW, Prentice HG. Selective removal of alloreactive lymphocytes from peripheral blood mononuclear cell preparations. Blood 1996; 88(suppl 1):253a.
148. Valteau-Couanet D, Cavazzana-Calvo M, Le Deist F, Fromont C, Fisher A. Functional study of residual T lymphocytes after specific elimination of alloreactive T cells by a specific anti-interleukin-2 receptor B chain immunotoxin. Transplantation 1993; 56:1574-6.
149. Montagna D, Yvon E, Calcaterra V, et al. Depletion of alloreactive T cells by a specific anti-interleukin-2 receptor p55 chain immunotoxin does not impair in vitro antileukemia and antiviral activity. Blood 1999; 93:3550-7.
150. Cavazzana-Calvo M, Stephan JL, Sarnacki S, et al. Attenuation of graft-versus-host disease and graft rejection by ex vivo immunotoxin elimination of alloreactive T cells in an H-2 haplotype disparate mouse combination. Blood 1994; 83:288-98.
151. Groux H, O'Garra A, Bigler M, et al. A CD4+ T-cell subset inhibits antigen specific T-cell responses and prevents colitis. Nature 1997; 389:737-42.
152. Riddell SR, Greenberg PD. Principles for adoptive T cell therapy of human viral disease. Annu Rev Immunol 1995; 13:545-86.
153. Riddell SR, Watanabe KS, Goodrich JM, Li CR, Agha ME, Greenberg PD. Restoration of viral immunity in immunodeficient humans by the adoptive transfer of T cell clones. Science 1992; 257:238-41.
154. Locatelli F, Percivalle E, Comoli P, et al. Human cytomegalovirus infection in pediatric patients given allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: role of early treatment of antigenemia on patients' outcome. Br J Haematol 1994; 88:64-71.
155. Goodrich JM, Bowden RA, Fisher L, Keller C, Schoch G, Meyers JD. Ganciclovir prophylaxis to prevent cytomegalovirus disease afetr allogeneic marrow transplant. Ann Intern Med 1993; 118:173-8.
156. Reusser P, Riddell SR, Meyers JD, Greenberg PD. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response to cytomegalovirus after human allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: pattern of recovery and correlation with cytomegalovirus infection and disease. Blood 1991; 78:1373-80.
157. Li CR, Greenberg PD, Gilbert MJ, Goodrich JM, Riddell SR. Recovery of HLA-restricted cytomegalovirus (CMV) specific T cell responses after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: correlation with CMV disease and effect of ganciclovir prophylaxis. Blood 1994; 83:1971-9.
158. Walter EA, Greenberg PJ, Gilbert MJ, et al. Reconstitution of cellular immunity against cytomegalovirus in recipients of allogeneic bone marrow by transfer of T-cell clones from the donor. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 1038-44.
159. Nalesnik MA. Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD): current perspectives. Semin Thor Cardiov Surg 1996; 8:139-48.
160. Heslop EE, Rooney CM. Adoptive cellular immunotherapy for EBV lymphoproliferative diseases. Immunol Rev 1997; 157:217-22.
161. O'Reilly R, Small TN, Papadopulos E, Lucas K, Lacerda J, Koulova L. Biology and adoptive cell therapy of Epstein-Barr-virus associated lymphoproliferative disorders in recipients of marrow allografts. Immunol Rev 1997; 157:195-216.
162. Hale G, Waldmann H. Risks of developing Epstein Barr virus-related lymphoproliferative disorders after T cell depleted marrow transplants. Blood 1998; 91: 3079-83.
163. Rooney CM, Loftin SK, Holladay MS, Brenner MK, Krance RA, Heslop HE. Early identification of Epstein-Barr virus associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. Br J Haematol 1995; 89:98-103.
164. Papadopoulos EB, Ladanyi M, Emanuel D, et al. Infusions of donor leukocytes as treatment of Epstein-Barr virus associated lymphoprolipherative disorders complicating allogeneic marrow transplantation. N Engl J Med 1994; 330:1185-91.
165. Rooney CM, Smith CA, Ng CY, et al. Use of gene-modified virus-specific T
166. Rooney CM, Smith CA, Ng CYC, et al. Infusion of cytotoxic T cells for the prevention and treatment of Epstein Barr virus-induced lymphoma in allogeneic transplant recipients. Blood 1998; 92:1549-55.
167. Heslop HE, Ng CY, Li C, et al. Long-term restoration of immunity against Epstein-Barr virus infection by adoptive transfer of gene-modified virus-specific T lymphocytes. Nature Med 1996; 2:551-5.
168. Haque T, Amlot PL, Helling N, et al. Reconstitution of EBV specific T cell immunity in solid organ transplant recipients. J Immunol 1998; 160:6204-9.
169. Comoli P, Locatelli F, Gerna G, Grossi P, Viganò M, Maccario R. Autologous EBV-specific cytotoxic T cells to treat EBV-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) [abstract]. Blood 1997; 90 (Suppl. 1):249a.
170. Sing AP, Ambinder RF, Hong DJ, et al. Isolation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes that lyse Reed-Sternberg cells: implications for immune-mediated therapy of EBV+ Hodgkin disease. Blood 1997; 89:1978-86.
171. Roskrow MA, Suzuki N, Gan Y, et al. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes for the treatment or patients with EBV positive relapsed Hodgkin's disease. Blood 1998; 91:2925-34.
172. Smith CA, Woodruff LS, Kitchingman GR, Rooney CM. Adenovirus-pulsed dendritic cells stimulate human virus-specific T-cell responses in vitro. J Virol 1996; 70:6733-40.
173. Spitzer G, Velasquez W, Dunphy FR, Spencer V. Autologous bone marrow transplantation in solid tumors. Curr Opin Oncol 1992; 4:272-8.
174. Jones RJ. Autologous bone marrow transplantation. Curr Opin Oncol 1993; 5:270-5.
175. O'Reilly R. Bone marrow transplantation. Curr Opin Hematol 1993; 1:221-2.
176. Thomas ED, Clift RA, Fefer A, et al. Marrow transplantation for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Ann Intern Med 1986; 104:155-63.
177. Santos GW, Hess AD, Volgelsang GB. Graft-versus-host reactions and disease, Immunol Rev 1985; 88: 169-92.
178. Kernan NA, Bordignon C, Collins NH, et al. Bone marrow failure in HLA-identical T-cell depleted allogeneic transplants for leukemia: I Clinical aspects. Blood 1989; 74:2227-36.
179. Goldman JM, Gale RP, Horowitz MM, et al. Bone marrow transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia in chronic phase. Ann Intern Med 1988; 108: 806-14.
180. Zutter MM, Martin PJ, Sale GE, et al. Epstein-Barr virus lymphoproliferation after bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1988; 72:520-9.
181. Shapiro RS, McClain K, Frizzera G, et al. Epstein-Barr virus associated lymphoproliferative disorders following bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1988; 71: 1234-43.
182. Tosato G. The Epstein-Barr virus and the immune system. Adv Cancer Res 1987; 49:75-125.
183. Heslop HE, Brenner MK, Rooney CM. Donor T cells to treat EBV-associated lymphoma [letter]. N Engl J Med 1994; 331:679-80.
184. Smith CA, Heslop E, Hollyday MS, et al. Production of genetically modified EBV-specific cytotoxic T cells for adoptive transfer to patient at high risk of EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disease. J Hematother 1995; 4:473-9.
185. Servida P, Rossini S, Traversari C, et al. Gene transfer into peripheral blood lymphocytes for in vivo immunomodulation of donor anti-tumor immunity in a patient affected by EBV-induced lymphoma [abstract]. Blood 1993; 82:214a.
186. Bordignon C, Bonini C, Verzeletti S, et al. Transfer of the HSV-tk gene into donor peripheral blood lymphocytes for in vivo modulation of donor anti-tumor immunity after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Hum Gene Ther 1995; 6:813-9.
187. Moolten FL. Drug sensitivity ("suicide") genes for selective cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Gene Ther 1994; 1:279-87.
188. Tiberghien P, Reynolds CW, Keller J, et al. Ganciclovir treatment of herpes simplex thymidine kinase-transduced primary T lymphocytes: an approach for spe cific in vivo donor T-cell depletion after bone marrow transplantation? Blood 1994; 84:1333-41.
189. Verzeletti S, Bonini C, Traversari C, et al. Transfer of the HSV-tk gene into donor peripheral blood lymphocytes for in vivo immunomodulation of donor anti-tumor Immunity after allo-BMT. Hum Gene Ther 1998; 6:813-9.
190. Mavilio F, Ferrari G, Rossini S, et al. Peripheral blood lymphocytes as target cells of retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer. Blood 1994; 83:1988-97.
191. Sullivan KM, Storb R, Buckner CD, et al. Graft-versus-host disease as adoptive immunotherapy in patients with advance hematologic neoplasms. N Engl J Med 1989; 320:828-34.
192. Porter DL, Roth MS, Mc Garigle C, Ferrara JLM, Antin JH. Induction of a graft-versus-host disease as immunotherapy for relapsed chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med 1994; 330:100-6.
193. Drobyski WR, Keever CA, Roth MS, et al. Salvage immunotherapy using donor leukocyte infusions as treatment for relapsed chronic myelogenous leukemia after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: efficacy and toxicity of a defined T-cell dose. Blood 1993; 82:2310-8.
194. Tricot G, Vesole DH, Jagganath S, Hilton J, Munshi N, Barlogie B. Graft-versus-myeloma effect: proof of principle. Blood 1996; 87:1196-8.
195. Riddell SR, Elliott M, Lewinsohn DA, et al. T-cell mediated rejection of gene-modified HIV-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes in HIV-infected patients. Nature Med 1996; 2:216-23.
196. Bonini C, Verzelletti S, Servida P, et al. Immunity against the transgene product may limit efficacy of HSV-tk-transduced donor peripheral blood lymphocytes after allo-BMT [abstract]. Blood 1995; 84:628a.
197. Phillips K, Gentry T, McCowange G, Gilboa E, Smith C. Cell-surface markers for assessing gene transfer into human hematopoietic cells. Nature Med 1996; 2: 1154-6.
198. Ciceri F, Marktel S, Bonini C, et al. HSV-TK genetically engineered donor lymphocytes restore anti-viral immunity early after T-depleted BMT [abstract]. Blood 1998; 92:667a.
199. Bancherau J, Steinman, RM. Dendritic cells and the control of immunity. Nature 1998; 392:245-52.
200. Guery JC, Adorini L. Dendritic cells are the most efficient in presenting endogenous naturally processed self-epitopes to class II-restricted T cells. J Immunol 1995; 154:536-44.
201. Inaba K, Metlay JP, Crowley MT, Steinman RM. Dendritic cells pulsed with protein antigens in vitro can prime antigen-specific MHC-restricted T cells in situ. J Exp Med 1990; 172:631-40.
202. Young JW, Steiman RM. Dendritic cells stimulate primary human cytolytic lymphocyte responses in the absence of CD4+ helper T cells. J Exp Med 1990; 171: 1315-20.
203. Bhardwaj N, Bender A, Gonzales N, et al. Influenza virus-infected dendritic cells stimulate strong proliferative and cytolytic responses from human CD8+ T cells. J Clin Invest 1994; 94:797-801.
204. Metha Damani A, Markowicz S, Engleman EG. Generation of antigen-specific CD8+ CTLs from naive precursors. J Immunol 1994; 153:996-1003.
205. Winzler C, Rovere P, Rescigno M, et al. Maturation stages of mouse dendritic cells in growth factor-dependent long-term cultures. J Exp Med 1997; 185: 317-28.
206. Macatonia SE, Hosken NA, Litton M, et al. Dendritic cells produce IL-12 and direct the development ofTH1 cells from the naive CD4+ T cells. J Immunol 1995; 154:5071-9.
207. Cella M, Scheidegger D, Palmer-Lehmann K, et al. Ligation of CD40 on dendritic cells triggers production of high levels of interleukin-12 and enhances T cell stimulatory capacity: T-T help via APC activation. J Exp Med 1996; 184:747-52.
208. Ridge JP, Di Rosa F, Matzinger P. A conditioned dendritic cell can be a temporal bridge between a CD4+ T-helper and a T-killer cell. Nature 1998; 394:474-8.
209. Bennet SRM, Carbone FR, Karamalis F, Flavell RA, Miller JFAP, Hearth WR. Help for cytotoxic T-cell responses is mediated by CD40 signalling. Nature 1998; 394: 478-80.
210. Schoenberger SP, Toes REM, van der Voort EIH, Offringa R, Melief CJM. T-cell help for cytotoxic T lymphocytes is mediated by CD40-CD40L interactions. Nature 1998; 394:480-3.
211. Steinman RM, Swanson J. The endocytic activity of dendritic cells. J Exp Med 1995; 182:283-8.
212. Koch F, Stanzl U, Jennewein P, et al. High level IL-12 production by murine dendritic cells: upregulation via MHC class II and CD40 molecules and down regulation by IL-4 and IL-10. J Exp Med 1996; 184:741-7.
213. Gabrilovich DI, Chen HL, Girgis KR, et al. Production of vascular endothelial growth factor by human tumors inhibits the functional maturation of dendritic cells. Nature Med 1996; 2:1096-103.
214. Romani N, Gruner S, Brang D, et al. Proliferating dendritic cell progenitors in human blood. J Exp Med 1994; 180:83-93.
215. Sallusto F, Lanzavecchia A. Efficient presentation of soluble antigen by cultured human dendritic cells is maintained by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin-4 and down regulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha. J Exp Med 1994; 179: 1109-18.
216. Reid CDL, Stackpole A, Meager A, Tikepae J. Interaction of tumor necrosis factor with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and other cytokines in the regulation of dendritic cell growth in vitro from early bipotent CD34+ progenitors in human bone marrow. J Immunol 1992; 149:2681-8.
217. Caux C, Dezutter-Dambuyant S, Schmitt D, Bancherau J. GM-CSF and TNF-α cooperate in the generation of dendritic Langherans cells. Nature 1992; 360:258-61.
218. Strunk D, Rappersberger K, Egger C, et al. Generation of human dendritic cells/Langherans cells from circulating CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. Blood 1996; 87:1292-302.
219. Szabolcs P, Moore MAS, Young JW. Expansion of immunostimulatory dendritic cells among the myeloid progeny of human CD34+ bone marrow precursors cultured with c-kit ligand, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and TNF-α. J Immunol 1995; 154:5851-61.
220. Siena S, Di Nicola M, Bregni M, et al. Massive ex vivo generation of functional dendritic cells from mobilized CD34+ blood progenitors for anticancer therapy. Exp Hematol 1995; 23:1463-71.
221. Fisch P, Kohler G, Garbe A, et al. Generation of antigen-presenting cells for soluble protein antigens ex vivo from peripheral blood CD34+ cells hematopoietic progenitor cells in cancer patients. Eur J Immunol 1996; 26:595-600.
222. Romani N, Reider D, Heuer M, et al. Generation of mature dendritic cells from human blood. An improved method with special regard to clinical applicability. J Immunol Methods 1996; 196:137-51.
223. Bender A, Sapp M, Schuler G, Steinman RM, Bhardwaj N. Improved methods for the generation of dendritic cells from non-proliferating progenitors in human blood. J Immunol Methods 1996; 196:121-35.
224. Bhardwaj N, Young JW, Nisanian AJ, Biggers J, Steinman RM. Small amounts of superantigen, when presented on dendritic cells, are sufficient to initiate T cell responses. J Exp Med 1993; 178:633-42.
225. Ratta M, Rondelli D, Fortuna A, et al. Generation and functional characterization of human dendritic cells derived from CD34+ mobilized into peripheral blood: comparison with bone marrow CD34+ cells. Br J Haematol 1998;101:756-65.
226. Rosenzwajg M, Canque B, Gluckman JC. Human dendritic cell differentiation pathway from CD34+ hematopoietic precursor cells. Blood 1996; 87:535-44.
227. Haug JS, Todd G, Bremer R, Link D, Brown R, DiPersio JF. Mobilization of CD80+ dendritic cells into the peripheral circulation by GM-CSF but not G-CSF [abstract]. Blood 1998; 92 (Suppl 1):444a.
228. Lebsack ME, Maraskowsky E, Roux E, et al. Increased circulating dendritic cells in healthy human volunteers following administration of FLT3 ligand alone or in combination with GM-CSF or G-CSF [abstract]. Blood 1998; 92 (Suppl 1):507a.
229. Mortarini R, Anichini A, Di Nicola M, et al. Autologous dendritic cells derived from CD34+ progenitors and monocytes are not functionally equivalent APC in the induction of Melan-A/Mart-27-35-specific CTL from PBL of melanoma patients with low frequency of CTL precursors. Cancer Res 1997; 57:5534-41.
230. Gong J, Chen D, Kashiwaba M, Kufe D. Induction of antitumor activity by immunization with fusions of dendritic and carcinoma cells. Nature Med 1997; 3: 558-61.
231. Albert LM, Sauter B, Bhardwaj N. Dendritic cells acquire antigen from apoptotic cells and induce class I-restricted CTLs. Nature 1998; 392:86-9.
232. Reeves ME, Royal RE, Lam JS, Rosenberg SA, Hwu P. Retroviral transduction of human dendritic cells with a tumor-associated antigen gene. Cancer Res 1996; 56:5672-7.
233. Gong J, Chen L, Chen D, et al. Induction of antigen-specific antitumor immunity with adenovirus-transduced dendritic cells. Gene Ther 1998; 4:1023-8.
234. Dietz AB, Vuk-Pavlovic S. High efficiency adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to human dendritic cells. Blood 1998; 91:392-8.
235. Di Nicola M, Siena S, Bregni M, et al. Gene transfer into human dendritic antigen-presenting cells by vaccinia virus and adenovirus vectors. Cancer Gene Ther 1998; 5:350-6.
236. Akagi J, Hodge JW, McLaughlin JP, et al. Therapeutic antitumor response after immunization with an admixture of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing a modified MUC1 gene and the murineT-cell costimulatory molecule B-7. J Immunother 1997; 20:38-47.
237. McLaughlin JP, Schlom J, Kantor JA, et al. Improved immunotherapy of a recombinant carcinoembryonic antigen vaccinia vaccine when given in combination with interleukin-2. Cancer Res 1997; 56:2361-7.
238. Borysiewicz LK, Fiander A, Nimako M, et al. A recombinant vaccinia virus encoding human papillomavirus types 16 and 18, E6 and E7 proteins as immunotherapy for cervical cancer. Lancet 1996; 347:1523-7.
239. McAneny D, Ryan CA, Beazley RM, et al. Results of a phase I trial of a recombinant vaccinia virus that expresses carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 1996; 3: 495-500.
240. Rescigno M, Citterio S, Thery C, et al. Bacteria-induced neo-biosynthesis, stabilization, and surface expression of functional class I molecules in mouse dendritic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998; 95: 5229-34.
241. Boczkowski D, Nair KS, Snyder D, Gilboa E. Dendritic cells pulsed with RNA are potent antigen-presenting cells in vitro and in vivo. J Exp Med 1996; 184:465-72.
242. Mayordomo JL, Zorina T, Storkus WJ, et al. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells pulsed with synthetic tumor peptides elicit protective and therapeutic antitumor immunity. Nature Med 1995; 1:1297-302.
243. Celluzzi CM, Mayordomo JL, Storkus WJ, Lotze MT, Falo LD. Peptide-pulsed dendritic cells induce antigen-specific CTL-mediated protective tumor immunity. J Exp Med 1996; 183:283-7.
244. Paglia P, Chiodoni C, Rodolfo M, Colombo MP. Murine dendritic cells loaded in vitro with soluble protein prime cytotoxic T lymphocytes against tumor antigen in vivo. J Expl Med 1996; 183:317-22.
245. Porgador A, Snyder D, Gilboa E. Induction of antitumor immunity using bone marrow-generated dendritic cells. J Immunol 1996; 156:2918-26.
246. Flamand V, Sornasse T, Thielemans K, et al. Murine dendritic cells pulsed in vitro with tumor antigen induce tumor resistance in vivo. Eur J Immunol 1994; 24:605-10.
247. Mukherji B, Charkraborty NG, Yamasaki S, et al. Induction of antigen specific cytolytic T cells in situ in human melanoma by immunization with synthetic peptide-pulsed autologous antigen presenting cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92:8078-82.
248. Hu X, Charkraborty NG, Sporn JR, et al. Enhancement of cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors frequency in melanoma patients following immunization with the MAGE-1 peptide loaded antigen presented-based vaccine. Cancer Res 1996; 56:2479-83.
249. Nestle FO, Alijagic S, Gilliet M, et al. Vaccination of melanoma patients with peptide-or tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells. Nature Med 1998; 4:328-32.
250. Salgaller ML, Tjoa BA, Lodge PA, et al. Dendritic cell-based immunotherapy of prostate cancer. Crit Rev Immunol 1998; 18:109-19.
251. Tao MH, Levy R. Idiotype/granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor fusion protein as a vaccine for B-cell lymphoma. Nature 1993; 362:755-8.
252. Campbell MJ, Esserman L, Byars NE, et al. Idiotype vaccination against murine B cell lymphoma. Humoral and cellular requirements for the full expression of antitumor immunity. J Immunol 1990; 145:1029-36.
253. Hsu FJ, Caspar CB, Czerwinsky D, et al. Tumor-specific idiotype vaccines in the treatment of patients with B-cell lymphoma. Long-term results of a clinical study. Blood 1997; 89:3129-35.
254. Hsu FJ, Benike C, Fagnoni F, et al. Vaccination of patients with B-cell lymphoma using autologous antigen-pulsed dendritic cells. Nature Med 1996; 2:52-8.
255. Liso A, Stockerl-Goldstein KE, Reichardt VL, et al. Idiotype vaccination using dendritic cells after autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation for multiple myeloma [abstract]. Blood 1998; 92(Suppl. 1):105a.
256. Kaufmann SHE. Immunity to intracellular bacteria. Annu Rev Immunol 1993; 11:129-63.
257. Paglia P, Arioli I, Frahm N, Chakraborty T, Colombo MP, Guzman CA. The defined attenuated Listeria monocytogenes Δmp 12 mutant is an effective oral vaccine carrier to trigger a long-lasting immune response against a mouse fibrosarcoma. Eur J Immunol 1997; 27:1570-5.
258. Paglia P, Medina E, Arioli I, Guzman CA, Colombo MP. Oral DNA vaccination with Salmonella typhimurium mediates gene transfer to antigen presenting cells and results in protective immunity against a murine fibrosarcoma. Blood 1998; 92:3172-6.
259. Lanzavecchia A. Identifying strategies for immune intervention. Science 1993; 260:937-43.
260. Hellstrom KE, Hellstrom I, Chen L. Can co-stimulated tumor immunity be therapeutically efficacious? Immunol Rev 1995; 145:123-45.
261. Lauritzsen GF, Hofgaard PO, Scenck K, Bogen B. Clonal deletion of thymocytes as a tumor escape mechanism. Int J Cancer 1998; 78:216-22.
262. Nagata S. Fas ligand and immune evasion. Nat Med 1996; 2:1306-17.
263. Chen L, Ashe S, Brady WA, et al. Costimulation of antitumor immunity by the B7 counter-receptor for the T lymphocyte molecules CD28 and CTLA-4. Cell 1992; 71:1093-102.
264. Townsend SE, Allison JP. Tumor rejection after direct costimulation of CD8+ T cells by B7-transfected melanoma cells. Science 1993; 259:368-70.
265. Lanzavecchia A. Antigen-specific interactions between T and B cells. Nature 1985; 314:537-9.
266. Kurt-Jones EA, Liano D, Hayglass KA, Benacerraf B, MS Sy, Abbas AK. The role of antigen-presenting B cells in T cell priming in vivo. Studies of B cell-deficient mice. J Immunol 1988; 140:3773-8.
267. Schwartz RH. Models ofT cell anergy: is there a common molecular mechanism? J Exp Med 1996;184:1-8.
268. Noelle RJ. CD40 and its ligand in host defense. Immunity 1996; 4:415-9.
269. Yang Y, Wilson JM. CD40 ligand-dependent T cell activation: requirement of B7-CD28 signaling through CD40. Science 1996; 273:1864-7.
270. Ranheim EA, Kipps TJ. Activated T cells induce expression of B7/BB1 on normal or leukemic B cells through a CD40-dependent signal. J Exp Med 1993; 177:925-35.
271. Yellin MJ, Sinning J, Covey LR, et al. T lymphocyte T cell-B cell-activating molecule/CD40-L molecules induce normal B cells to express CD80 (B7/BB-1) and enhance their costimulatory activity. J Immunol 1994; 153:666-74.
272. Ranheim EA, Kipps TJ. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha facilitates induction of CD80 (B7-1) and CD54 on human B cells by activated T cells: complex regulation by IL-4, IL-10, and CD40L Cell Immunol 1995; 161: 226-35.
273. Cantwell MJ, Sharma S, Friedmann T, Kipps TJ. Adenovirus vector infection of chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. Blood 1996; 88:4676-83.
274. Funakoshi S, Longo DL, Beckwith M, et al. Inhibition of human B-cell lymphoma growth by CD40 stimulation. Blood 1994; 83:2787-94.
275. Vyth-Dreese FA, Dellemijn TAM, van Oostveen JW, Feltkamp CA, Hekman A. Functional expression of adhesion receptors and costimulatory molecules by fresh and immortalized B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells. Blood 1995; 85:2802-12.
276. Schultze JL, Cardoso AA, Freeman GJ, et al. Follicular lymphomas can be induced to present alloantigen efficiently: a conceptual model to improve their tumor immunogenicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92: 8200-4.
277. Inge TH, Hoover SK, Susskind BM, Barret SK, Bear HD. Inhibition of tumor-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses by transforming growth factor beta 1. Cancer Res 1992; 52:1386-92.
278. Harada M, Matsunaga K, Oguchi Y, et al. The involvement of transforming growth factor beta in impaired antitumor T-cell response at the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Cancer Res 1995;55:6146-51.
279. Rondelli D, Andrews RG, Hansen JA, Ryncarz R, Faerber MA, Anasetti C. Alloantigen presenting function of normal human CD34+ hematopoietic cells. Blood 1996; 88:2619-25.
280. Rondelli D, Anasetti C, Fortuna A, et al. T cell allore-activity induced by normal G-CSF-mobilized CD34+ blood cells. Bone Marrow Transplant 1998; 21:1183-91.
281. Ryncarz R, Anasetti C. Expression of CD86 on human marrow CD34+ cells identifies immunocompetent committed precursors of macrophages and dendritic cells. Blood 1998; 91:3892-900.
282. Bocchia M, Wentworth PA, Southwood S, et al. Specific binding of leukemia fusion protein peptides to HLA class I molecules. Blood 1995; 85:2680-4.
283. Bocchia M, Korontsvit T, Xu Q, et al. Specific human cellular immunity to bcr-abl oncogene-derived peptides. Blood 1996; 87:3587-92.
284. Pawelec G, Max H, Halder T, et al. BCR/ABL leukemia oncogene fusion peptides selectively bind to certain HLA-DR alleles and can be recognized by T cells found at low frequency in the repertoire of normal donors. Blood 1996; 88:2118-24.
285. Mannering SI, McKenzie JL, Fearnley DB, Hart DNJ. HLA-DR-restricted bcr-abl (b3a2)-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes respond to dendritic cells pulsed with b3a2 peptide and antigen-presenting cells exposed to b3a2 containing cell lysates. Blood 1997; 90:290-7.
286. Papadopoulos KP, Suciu-Foca N, Hesdorffer CS, Tugulea S, Maffei A, Harris PE. Naturally processed tissue- and differentiation stage-specific autologous peptides bound by HLA class I and II molecules of chronic myeloid leukemia blasts. Blood 1997; 90: 4938-46.
287. Eibl B, Ebner S, Duba C, et al. Dendritic cells generated from blood precursors of chronic myelogenous leukemia patients carry the Philadelphia translocation and can induce a CML-specific primary cytotoxic T-cell response. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1997; 20:215-23.
288. Choudhury A, Gajewski JL, Liang JC, et al. Use of leukemic dendritic cells for the generation of antileukemic cellular cytotoxicity against Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia. Blood 1997;89:1133-42.
289. Choudhury A, Toubert A, Sutaria S, Charron D, Champlin RE, Claxton DF. Human leukemia-derived dendritic cells: ex-vivo development of specific antileukemic cytotoxicity. Crit Rev Immunol 1998; 18: 121-31.
290. Smit WM, Rijnbeek M, van Bergen CAM, et al. Generation of dendritic cells expressing bcr-abl from CD34-positive chronic myeloid leukemia precursor cells. Hum Immunol 1997; 53:216-23.
291. Carlo-Stella C, Garau D, Regazzi E, et al. Generation of BCR/ABL positive dendritic cells from chronic myelogenous leukemia CD34+ cells [abstract]. Blood 1998;92(Suppl. 1):2590.
292. Misery L, Campos L, Dezutter-Dambuyant C, et al. CD1-reactive leukemic cells in bone marrow: presence of Langherans cell marker on leukemic monocytic cells. Eur J Haematol 1992; 48:27-32.
293. Santiago-Schwarz F, Coppock DL, Hindenburg AA, Kern J. Identification of a malignant counterpart of the monocyte-dendritic cell progenitor in an acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 1994; 84:3054-62.
294. Strunk D, Linkesch W. Acute myelogenous leukemia cells can be differentiated into dendritic cells in vitro [abstract]. Blood 1997; 90 (Suppl. 1):829.
295. Matulonis UA, Dosiou C, Lamont C, et al. Role of B7-1 in mediating an immune response to myeloid leukemia cells. Blood 1995; 85:2507-15.
296. Matulonis UA, Dosiou C, Freeman G, et al. B7-1 is superior to B7-2 costimulation in the induction and maintenance of T-cell mediated anti-leukemia immunity. Further evidence that B7-1 and B7-2 are functionally distinct. J Immunol 1996; 156:1126-31.
297. Dunussi-Joannopoulos K, Weistein HJ, Nickerson PW, et al. Irradiated B7-1 transduced primary acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells can be used as therapeutic vaccines in murine AML. Blood 1996; 87:2938-46.
298. Mutis T, Schrama E, Melief CJM, Goulmy E. CD80-transfected acute myeloid leukemia cells induce primary allogeneic T-cell responses directed at patient specific minor histocompatibility antigens and leukemia-associated antigens. Blood 1998; 92:1677-84.
299. Li Y, Hellstrom KE, Newby SA, Chen L. Costimulation by CD48 and B7-1 induces immunity against poorly immunogenic tumors. J Exp Med 1996; 183:639-44.
300. Colombo MP, Ferrari G, Stoppacciaro A, et al. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor gene transfer suppresses tumorigenicity of a murine adenocarcinoma in vivo. J Exp Med 1991; 173:889-97.
301. Zilocchi C, Stoppacciaro A, Chiodoni C, Parenza M, Terrazzini N, Colombo MP. Interferon gamma-independent rejection of interleukin 12-transduced carcinoma cells requires CD4+ T cells and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J Exp Med 1998; 188:133-43.
302. Zitvogel L, Robbins PD, Storkus WJ, et al. Interleukin-12 and B7.1 co-stimulation cooperate in the induction of effective antitumor immunity and therapy of established tumors. Eur J Immunol 1996; 26:1335-41.
303. Dunussi-Joannopoulos K, Dranoff G, Weinstein HJ, Ferrara JL, Bierer BE, Croop JM. Gene immunotherapy in murine acute myeloid leukemia: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor tumor cell vaccines elicit more potent antitumor immunity compared with B7 family and other cytokine vaccines. Blood 1998; 91:222-30.
304. Grange JM, Stanford JL, Rook GA. Tuberculosis and cancer: parallels in host responses and therapeutic approaches? Lancet 1995; 345:1350-2.
305. Boon T, van der Bruggen P. Human tumor antigens recognized by T lymphocytes. J Exp Med 1996; 183: 725-30.
306. Forni G, Giovarelli M, Cavallo F, et al. Cytokine induced tumor immunogenicity: from exogenous cytokines to gene therapy. J Immunother 1993; 14: 253-7.
307. Huang YC, Golumbeck P, Ahmadzadeh M, Jaffee E, Pardon D, Levitsky H. Role of bone-marrow derived cells in presenting MHC class I-restricted tumor antigens. Science 1994; 264:961-5.
308. Arienti F, Sulé-Suso J, Belli F, et al Limited antitumor T cell response in melanoma patients vaccinated with interleukin-2 gene-transduced allogeneic melanoma cells. Hum Gene Ther 1996; 7:1955-63.
309. Morton DL, Foshag LJ, Hoon DSB, et al. Prolongation of survival in metastatic melanoma after active specific immunotherapy with a new polyvalent melanoma vaccine. Ann Surg 1992; 216:463-82.
310. Marchand M, Weynants P, Rankin E.Tumor regression responses in melanoma patients treated with a peptide encoded by gene MAGE-3, Int J Cancer 1995; 63:883-5.
311. Rodolfo M, Melani C, Zilocchi C, et al. IgG2a induced by IL-12-producing tumor cell vaccines but not IgG1 induced by IL-4 vaccine are associated with the eradication of experimental metastases. Cancer Res 1998; 58:5812-7.
312. Rodolfo M, Zilocchi C, Cappetti B, Parmiani G, Melani C, Colombo MP. Eradication of experimental metastases by IL-12-transduced tumor vaccine is associated with GM-CSF producing CD8 lymphocytes recognizing tumor antigens that are not immunoselected. Gene Therapy 1999, in press.
313. Colombo MP, Forni G. Cytokine gene transfer in tumor inhibition and tentative tumor therapy: Where are we now? Immunol Today 1994; 15:48-51.
314. Scott MA, Gordon MY. In search of the haemopoietic stem cell. Br J Haematol 1995; 90:738-43.
315. Gronthos S, Simmons PJ. The biology and application of human bone marrow stromal cell precursors. J Hematother 1996; 5:15-23.
316. Dexter TM. Regulation of hemopoietic cell growth and development: experimental and clinical studies. Leukemia 1989; 3:469-74.
317. Morrison SJ, Shah NM, Anderson DJ. Regulatory mechanisms in stem cell biology. Cell 1997; 88:287-98.
318. Trentin JJ. Influence of hematopoietic organ stroma (hematopoietic inductive microenvironments) on stem cell differentiation. In: Gordon AS, ed. Regulation of hematopoiesis. vol 1. New York: Appleton, 1970. p. 161-185.
319. Simmons PJ, Zannettino A, Gronthos S, Leavesley D. Potential adhesion mechanisms for localisation of haemopoietic progenitors to bone marrow stroma. Leuk Lymphoma 1994; 12:353-63.
320. Gordon MY, Riley GP, Watt SM, Greaves MF. Compartimentalization of a haemopoietic growth factor (GM-CSF) by glycosaminoglycans in the bone marrow microenvironment. Nature 1987; 326:403-5.
321. Carlo-Stella C, Tabilio A. Stem cells and stem cell transplantation. Haematologica 1996; 81:573-87.
322. Gordon MY. Physiological mechanisms in BMT and haemopoiesis - revisited. Bone Marrow Transplant 1993; 11:193-7.
323. Schofield R. The relationship between the haemopoietic stem cell and the spleen colony-forming cell: a hypothesis. Blood Cells 1978; 4:7-25.
324. McGinnes K, Quesniaux V, Hitzler J, Paige C. Human B-lymphopoiesis is supported by bone marrow-derived stromal cells. Exp Hematol 1991; 19:294-303.
325. Landreth KS, Dorshkind K. Pre-B cell generation potentiated by soluble factors from a bone marrow stromal cell line. J Immunol 1988; 140:845-52.
326. Kierney PC, Dorshkind K. B lymphocyte precursors and myeloid progenitors survive in diffusion chamber cultures but B cell differentiation requires close association with stromal cells. Blood 1987; 70:1418-24.
327. Touw I, Löwenberg B. Production of T lymphocyte colony-forming units from precursors in human long-term bone marrow cultures. Blood 1984; 64:656-61.
328. Dorshkind K, Johnson A, Collins L, Keller GM, Phillips RA. Generation of purified stromal cell cultures that support lymphoid and myeloid precursors. J Immunol Methods 1986; 89:37-47.
329. Barda-Saad M, Rozenszain LA, Globerson A, Zhang AS, Zipori D. Selective adhesion of immature thymocytes to bone marrow stromal cells: relevance to T cell lymphopoiesis. Exp Hematol 1996; 24:386-91.
330. Prockop DJ. Marrow stromal cells as stem cells for nonhematopoietic tissues. Science 1997; 276:71-4.
331. Owen ME, Cave J, Joyner CJ. Clonal analysis in vitro of osteogenic differentiation of CFU-F. J Cell Sci 1987; 87:731-9.
332. Owen ME, Friedenstein AJ. Stromal stem cells: marrow-derived osteogenic precursors. CIBA Found Symp 1988; 136:42-60.
333. Bennet JH, Joyner CJ, Triffitt JT, Owen ME. Adipocyte cells cultured from marrow have osteogenic potential. J Cell Sci 1991; 99:131-9.
334. Castro-Malaspina H, Gay RE, Resnick G, et al. Characterization of human bone marrow fibroblast colony-forming cells (CFU-F) and their progeny. Blood 1980; 56:289-301.
335. Friedenstein AJ, Chailakhjan RK, Lalykina KS. The development of fibroblast colonies in monolayer cultures of guinea-pig bone marrow and spleen cells. Cell Tissue Kinet 1970; 3:393-403.
336. Ashton BA, Allen TD, Howlett CR, et al. Formation of bone and cartilage by marrow stromal cells in diffusion chambers in vivo. Clin Orthop 1980; 151:294-307.
337. Friedenstein AJ, Chailakhyan RK, Latsinik NV, et al. Stromal cells responsible for transferring the microenvironment of the hemopoietic tissues. Cloning in vitro and retransplantation in vivo. Transplantation 1974; 17:331-40.
338. Gronthos S, Graves SE, Ohta S, Simmons PJ. The STRO-1+ fraction of adult human bone marrow contains the osteogenic precursors. Blood 1994; 84: 4164-73.
339. Owen M. Lineage of osteogenic cells and their relationship to the stromal system. J Bone Miner Res 1985; 3:1-12.
340. Simmons PJ, Torok-Storb B. Identification of stromal cell precursors in human bone marrow by a novel monoclonal antibody, STRO-1. Blood 1991; 78:55-62.
341. Simmons PJ, Torok-Storb B. CD34 expression by stromal precursors in normal human adult bone marrow. Blood 1991; 78:2848-53.
342. Majumdar MK, Thiede MA, Mosca JD, Moorman M, Gerson SL. Phenotypic and functional comparison of cultures of marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and stromal cells. J Cell Physiol 1998; 176:57-66.
343. Almeida-Porada G, Ascensao JL, Zanjani ED.The role of sheep stroma in human haemopoiesis in the human/sheep chimaeras. Br J Haematol 1996; 93: 795-802.
344. Gan OI, Murdoch B, Larochelle A, Dick JE. Differential maintenance of primitive human SCID-repopulating cells, clonogenic progenitors, and long-term culture-initiating cells after incubation on human bone marrow stromal cells. Blood 1997; 90:641-50.
345. Li S, Champlin R, Fitchen JH, Gale RP. Abnormalities of myeloid progenitor cells after "successful" bone marrow transplantation. J Clin Invest 1984; 75:234-41.
346. O'Flaherty E, Sparrow R, Szer J. Bone marrow stromal function from patients after bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 1995; 15:207-12.
347. Domenech J, Gihana E, Dayan A, et al. Haemopoiesis of transplanted patients with autologous marrows assessed by long-term marrow culture. Br J Haematol 1994; 88:488-96.
348. Carlo-Stella C, Tabilio A, Regazzi E, et al. Effect of chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia on hematopoietic and fibroblast marrow progenitors. Bone Marrow Transplant 1997; 20:465-71.
349. Keating A, Horsfall W, Hawley RG, Toneguzzo F. Effect of different
350. van Beusechem VW, Kukler A, Heidt PJ, Valerio D. Long-term expression of human adenosine deaminase in rhesus monkeys transplanted with retrovirus-infected bone-marrow cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992; 89:7640-4.
351. Klyushnenkova E, Mosca JD, McIntosh KR, Thiede MA. Human mesenchymal stem cells suppress allogeneic T cell responses in vitro: implications for allogeneic transplantation [abstract]. Blood 1998; 92 (suppl 1):2652.
352. Gronthos S, Simmons PJ. The growth factor requirements of STRO-1 -positive human bone marrow stromal precursors under serum-deprived conditions in vitro. Blood 1995; 85: 929-40.
353. Perkins S, Fleischman RA. Hematopoietic microenvironment: origin, lineage, and transplantability of the stromal cells in long-term bone marrow cultures from chimeric mice. J Clin Invest 1988; 81:1072-7.
354. Anklesaria P, Kase K, Glowacki J, et al. Engraftment of a clonal bone marrow stromal cell line in vivo stimulates hematopoietic recovery from total body irradiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987; 84:7681-5.
355. El-Badri NS, Wang BY, Cherry, Good RA. Osteoblasts promote engraftment of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells. Exp Hematol 1998; 26:110-6.
356. Nolta JA, Hanley MB, Kohn DB. Sustained human hematopoiesis in immunodeficient mice by co-transplantation of marrow stroma expressing human interleukin-3: analysis of gene transduction of long-lived progenitors. Blood 1994; 83:3041-51.
357. Anklesaria P, Fitzgerald TJ, Kase K, Ohara A, Greenberger JS. Improved hematopoiesis in anemic SI/SId mice by splenectomy and therapeutic transplantation of a hematopoietic microenvironment. Blood 1989; 74:1144-51.
358. Simmons PJ, Przepiorka D, Thomas ED, Torok-Storb B. Host origin of marrow stromal cells following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Nature 1987; 328:429-32.
359. Keating A, Singer JW, Killen PD, et al. Donor origin of the in vitro haemopoietic microenvironment after marrow transplantation in man. Nature 1982; 298:280-3.
360. Henschler R, Junghahn I, Fichtner I, Becker M, Goan SR. Donor fibroblasts from human blood engraft in immunodeficient mice [abstract]. Blood 1998; 92 (suppl 1): 2417.
361. Lazarus HM, Haynesworth SE, Gerson SL, Rosenthal NS, Caplan A. Ex vivo expansion and subsequent infusion of human bone marrow-derived stromal progenitor cells (mesenchymal progenitor cells): implications for therapeutic use. Bone Marrow Transplant 1995; 16:557-64.