Human tumor antigens recognized by T cells

Current Opinion in Immunology

Volumn 8, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 628-636

  Robbins, Paul F ^a   Kawakami, Yutaka ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CANCER VACCINE; TUMOR ANTIGEN;

ADOPTIVE IMMUNOTHERAPY; ANTIGEN RECOGNITION; CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY; HUMAN; MELANOCYTE; REVIEW; T LYMPHOCYTE; TUMOR ASSOCIATED LEUKOCYTE; TUMOR REGRESSION;

EID: 0030272856     PISSN: 09527915     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0952-7915(96)80078-1     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Van Pel A, Van der Bruggen P, Coulie PG, Brichard VG, Lethe B, Van der Eynde B, Uyttenhove C, Renauld J-C, Boon B. Genes coding for tumor antigens recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes. Immunol Rev. 145:1995;229-250.
2. Rosenberg SA, Kawakami Y, Robbins PF, Wang R-F. Identification of the genes encoding cancer antigens: implications for cancer immunotherapy. Adv Cancer Res. 70:1996;145-177.
3. Van der Bruggen P, Traversani C, Chomez P, Lurquin C, De Plaen E, Van den Eynde B, Knuth A, Boon T. A gene encoding an antigen recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes on a human melanoma. Science. 254:1991;1643-1647.
4. Traversari C, Van der Bruggen P, Luescher IF, Lurquin C, Chomez P, Van Pel A, De Plaen E, Amar-Costesec A, Boon T. A nonapeptide encoded by human gene MAGE-1 is recognized on HLA-A1 by cytolytic T lymphocytes directed against tumor antigen MZ2-E. J Exp Med. 176:1992;1453-1457.
5. Van der Bruggen P, Szikora J-P, Boel P, Wildmann C, Somville M, Sensi M, Boon T. Autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes recognize a MAGE-1 nonapeptide on melanomas expressing Cw1601. Eur J Immunol. 24:1994;2134-2140.
6. Gaugler B, Van den Eynde B, Van der Bruggen P, Romero P, Gaforio JJ, De Plaen E, Lethe B, Brasseur F, Boon T. Human gene MAGE-3 codes for an antigen recognized on a melanoma gene autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes. J Exp Med. 179:1994;921-930.
7. Celis E, Tsai V, Crimi C, Demars R, Wentworth PA, Chestnut RW, Grey HM, Sette A, Serra HM. Induction of anti-tumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes in normal humans using primary cultures and synthetic peptide epitopes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 91:1994;2105-2109.
8. Van der Bruggen P, Bastin J, Gajewski T, Coulie PG, Boel P, De Smet C, Traversari C, Townsend A, Boon T. A peptide encoded by human gene MAGE-3 and presented by HLA-A2 induces cytolytic T lymphocytes that recognize tumor cells expressing MAGE-3. Eur J Immunol. 24:1994;3038-3043.
9. Boel P, Wildmann C, Sensi ML, Brasseur R, Renauld J-C, Coulie P, Boon T, Van der Bruggen P. BAGE: a new gene encoding an antigen recognized on human melanomas by cytolytic T lymphocytes. Immunity. 2:1995;167-175.
10. Van den Eynde B, Peeters O, De Backers O, Gaugler B, Lucas S, Boon T. A new family of genes coding for an antigen recognized by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes on a human melanoma. J Exp Med. 182:1995;689-698.
11. Kawakami Y, Eliyahu S, Delgado CH, Robbins PF, Sakaguchi K, Appella E, Yannelli JR, Adema GJ, Miki T, Rosenberg SA. Identification of a human melanoma antigen recognized by tumor infiltrating lymphocytes associated with in vivo tumor rejection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 91:1994;6458-6462.
12. Coulie PG, Brichard V, Van Pel A, Wolfel T, Schneider J, Traversari C, Mattei S, De Plaen ED, Lurquin C, Szikora J-P, et al. A new gene coding for a differentation antigen recognized by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes on HLA-A2 melanomas. J Exp Med. 180:1994;35-42.
13. Kawakami Y, Eliyahu S, Delgaldo CH, Robbins PF, Rivoltini L, Topalian SL, Miki T, Rosenberg SA. Cloning of the gene coding for a shared human melanoma antigen recognized by autologous T cells infiltrating into tumor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 91:1994;3515-3519.
14. Bakker ABH, Schreurs MWJ, DE Boer AJ, Kawakami Y, Rosenberg SA, Adema GJ, Figdor CG. Melanocyte lineage-specific antigen gp100 is recognized by melanocyte-derived tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. J Exp Med. 179:1994;1005-1009.
15. Kawakami Y, Eliyahu S, Sakaguchi K, Robbins PF, Rivoltini L, Yannelli JB, Appella E, Rosenberg SA. Identification of the immunodominat peptides of the MART-1 human melanoma antigen recognized by the majority of HLA-A2 restricted tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. J Exp Med. 180:1994;347-352.
16. + cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Exp Med. 181:1995;363-368.
17. Kawakami Y, Eliyahu S, Jennings C, SAkaguchi K, Kang X-Q, Southwood S, Robbins PF, Sette A, Appella E, Rosenberg SA. Recognition of multiple epitopes in the human melanoma antigen gp100 associated with in vivo tumor regression. of outstanding interest J Immunol. 154:1995;3961-3968 Five T cell epitopes were identified in the gp100 melanoma antigen using HLA-A2-restricted TILs. These peptides contained nondominant amino acids at many of the primary anchor positions, and in addition were found to have relatively low HLA-A2 binding affinities, suggesting that these nonmutated melanoma epitopes may be cryptic subdominant self determinants. A significant correlation was also observed between gp100 recognition by TILs and the clinical response to adoptive transfer of these TILs, suggesting that gp100 may be a tumor rejection antigen.
18. Bakker A, Schreurs M, Tafazzul G, De Boer A, Kawakami Y, Adema G, Figdor C. Identification of novel peptide derived from the melanocyte-specific gp100 antigen as the dominant epitope recognized by an HLA-A2-restricted anti-melanoma CTL line. Int J Cancer. 62:1995;97-102.
19. Cox AL, Skipper J, Cehn Y, Henderson RA, Darrow TL, Shabanowitz J, Engelhard VH, Hunt DF, Slingluff CL. Identification of a peptide recognized by five melanoma-specific human cytotoxic T cell lines. Sciences. 264:1994;716-719.
20. Brichard V, Van Pel A, Wölfel T, Wölfel C, De Plaen E, Lethe B, Coulie P, Boon T. The tyrosinase gene codes for an antigen recognized by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes on HLA-A2 melanomas. J Exp Med. 178:1993;489-495.
21. Wölfel T, Van Pel A, Brichard V, Schneider J, Seliger B, Meyer Zum Buschenfelde K-H, Boon T. Two tyrosinase nonapeptides recognized on HLA-A2 melanomas by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol. 24:1994;759-764.
22. Robbins PF, El-Gamil M, Kawakami Y, Stevens E, Yannelli J, Rosenberg SA. Recognition of tyrosinase by tumor infiltrating lymphocytes from a patient responding to immunotherapy. Cancer Res. 54:1994;3124-3126.
23. Kang X-Q, Kawakami Y, Sakaguchi IK, El-Gamil M, Wang R-F, Yannelli JR, Appella E, Rosenberg SA, Robbins PF. Identification of a tyrosinase epitope recognized by HLA-A24 restricted tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. J Immunol. 155:1995;1343-1348.
24. Brichard VG, Herman J, Van Pel A, Wildmann C, Gaugler B, Wolfel T, Boon T, Lethe B. A tyrosinase nonapeptide presented by HLA-B44 is recognized by a human melanoma by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol. 26:1996;224-230.
25. Skipper JCA, Hendrickson RC, Guiden PH, Brichard V, Van Pel A, Chen Y, Shabanowitz J, Wölfel T, Slingluff CLIR, Boon T, et al. An HLA-A2-restricted tyrosinase antigen on melanoma cells results from posttranslational modification and suggests a novel pathway for processing of membrane proteins. of outstanding interest J Exp Med. 183:1996;527-534 The natural T cell epitope recognized by tyrosinase-reactive T cells isolated from the surface of melanoma cells was found to contain an aspartic acid residue rather that asparagine that was encoded by the tyrosinase gene present in this cell. This appeared to result from enzymatic deamidation, and represents the first example of post-translational modification of a tumor antigen epitope.
26. Wang R-F, Robbins PF, Kawakami Y, Kang X-Q, Rosenberg SA. Identification of a gene encoding a melanoma tumor antigen recognized by HLA-A31-restricted tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. J Exp Med. 181:1995;799-804.
27. Wang R-F, Parkhurst M, Kawakami Y, Robbins PF, Rosenberg SA. Utilization of an alternative open reading frame of a normal gene in generating a novel human cancer antigen. of outstanding interest J Exp Med. 183:1996;1131-1140 The T cell epitope recognized on the TRP-1 gene product by a HLA-A31 restricted T cell was shown to be encoded within a different ORF from the normal TRP-1 product. This represents one of the only examples in eukaryotes demonstrating usage of an alternative ORF to produce a protein product.
28. Guilloux Y, Lucas S, Brichard VG, Van Pel A, Viret C, De Plaen E, Brasseur F, Lethe B, Jotereau F, Boon T. A peptide recognized by human cytolytic T lymphocytes on HLA-A2 melanoma is encoded by an intron sequence of the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V gene. of outstanding interest J Exp Med. 183:1996;1173-1183 A cryptic promoter within the intron of a widely expressed gene appeared to be activated specifically in melanoma cells, resulting in the transcription of a short ORF containing a T cell epitope that was recognized by HLA-A2 restricted T cells. This may represent a tumor-specific epitope, since normal tissues did not appear to express this product.
29. Robbins PF, El-Gamil M, Li YF, Topalian SL, Rivoltini L, Sakaguchi K, Appella E, Kawakami Y, Rosenberg SA. Cloning of a new gene encoding an antigen recognized by melanoma-specific HLA-A24 restricted tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. J Immunol. 154:1995;5944-5950.
30. Walter ER, Greenberg PD, Gilbert MJ, Finch RJ, Watanabe KS, Thomas ED, Riddell SR. Reconstitution of cellular immunity against cytomegalovirus in recipients of allogeneic bone marrow by transfer of T-cell clones from the donor. N Engl J Med. 333:1996;1038-1044.
31. + T lymphocytes recognize human melanoma antigens processed and presented by Epstein-Barr-transformed B cells. Int J Cancer. 58:1994;69-79.
32. + T lymphocytes against human melanoma: evidence for a shared malanoma antigen presented by HLA-DR15. J Immunol. 154:1995;772-779.
33. + T cells specifically recognize a shared melanoma-associated antigen encoded by the tyrosinase gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 91:1994;9461-9465.
34. + TIL line. The peptides appeared to bind with low affinity to this allele, and modified peptides which bound with a higher affinty were recognized by T cells at 100-1000-fold lower concentrations than the normal product.
35. Coulie PG, Lehmann F, Lethe B, Herman J, Lurquin C, Andrawiss M, Boon T. A mutated intron sequence codes for an antigenic peptide recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes on a human melanoma. of outstanding interest Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 92:1995;7976-7980 A previously undescribed gene was isolated and the T cell epitope was found to span the intron-exon boundary of an incompletely spliced gene product that appeared to be expressed in some normal tissues. The peptide epitope was encoded by a region of the intron that contained a point mutation, and a peptide corresponding to the normal gene product was not recognized by tumor-reactive T cells.
36. INK4a inhibitor was impaired, thus implicating this mutation in the development of tumorigenesis.
37. Kamb A, Gruis NA, Weaver-Feldhaus J, Liu Q, Harsham K, Tavtigian SV, Stockert E, Day RS, Johnson Be, Skolnick MH. A cell cycle regulator potentially involved in genesis of many tumor types. Science. 264:1994;436-440.
38. Robbins PF, El-Gamil M, Li YF, Kawakami Y, Loftus D, Appella E, Rosenberg SA. A mutated β-catenin gene encodes a melanoma-specific antigen recognized by tumor filtrating lymphocytes. of outstanding interest J Exp Med. 183:1996;1185-1192 A mutated β-catenin gene was isolated following the screening of the cDNA library with HLA-A24 restricted, melanoma-reactive T cells, and the T cell epitope was found to result from a point mutation that created an optimal HLA-A24 binding peptide. Since β-catenin is involved with cell-cell adhesion, and in addition has been shown to bind to the adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor, mutation in this gene product could be involved with tumorigenesis.
39. Grunwald GB. The structural and functional analysis of cadherin caldium-dependent cell adhesion molecules. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 5:1993;797-805.
40. Vleminckx K, Vakaet L Jr, Mareel M, Fiers W, Van Roy F. Genetic manipulation of E-cadherin expression by epithelial tumor cells reveals an invation suppressor role. Cell. 66:1991;107-119.
41. Su L-K, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW. Association of the APC tumor suppressor protein with catenins. Science. 262:1993;1734-1737.
42. Wiedenfeld EA, FErnandez-Vina M, Berzofsky JA, Carbone DP. Evidence for selection against human lung cancers bearing p 53 missense mutations which occur within the HLA A-0201 peptide consensus motif. Cancer Res. 54:1994;1175-1177.
43. *0201 by more that 10-fold relative to the native peptide. The results of in vitro stimulators carried out with these peptides indicated that the modified peptides were more efficient at inducing melanoma-reactive CTLs from patients PBLs than the native peptides. The use of modified peptides with higher binding-affinities for HLA class I gene products may lead to the development of more effective anticancer vaccines.
44. Peoples GE, Goedegebuure PS, Smith R, Linehan DC, Yoshino I, Eberlein TJ. Breast and ovarian cancer-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize the same HER2/neu-derived peptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 92:1995;432-436.
45. Fisk B, Blevins TL, Wharton J, loannides C. Identification of an immunodominant peptide of HER2/neu protooncogene recognized by ovarian tumor specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes lines. J Exp Med. 181:1995;2109-2117.
46. Disis ML, Gralow JR, Bernhard H, Hand SL, Rubin WD, Cheever MA. Peptide-based, but not hwle protein, vaccines elicit immunity to HER-2/neu, an oncogenic self-protein. J Immunol. 156:1996;3151-3158.
47. Fin OJ, Jerome KR, Hernderson A, Pecher G, Domenech N, Magarian-Blander J, Barratt-Boyes SM. MUCI epithelial tumor mucin-based immunity and cancer vaccines. Immunol Rev. 145:1995;61-89.
48. Tsang KY, Zaremba S, Nieroda CA, Zhu MZ, Hamilton JM. Generation of human cytotoxic T cells specific for human carcinoembryonic antigen epitopes from patients immunized with recombinant vaccinia-CEA vaccine. J Natl Cancer Inst. 87:1995;982-990.
49. *-restricted E7-encoded epitope. Cancer Res. 56:1996;582-588.
50. Alexander M, Salgaller ML, Calis E, Sette A, Barnes WA, Rosenberg SA, Steller MA. Generation of tumor specific cytolytic T-lymphocytes from peripheral blood of cervical cancer patients by in vitro stimulation with a synthetic HPV-16 E7 epitope. Am J Obst Gyn. 1996;. in press.
51. Elas AV, Nijman HW, Van Der Minne CE, Mourer JS, Kast WM, Melief CJM, Schrier PI. Induction and characterization of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes recognizing a mutated p21 RAS peptide presented by HLA-A2010. Int J Cancer. 61:1995;389-396.
52. Houbiers JGA, Nijman HW, Van Der Burg SH, Drijfhout JW, Kenemans P, Van De Velde CJH, Brand A, Momberg F, Kast WM, Melief CJM. In vitro induction of human cytotoxyc T lymphocyte responses against peptides of mutant and wild-type p53. Eur J Immunol. 23:1993;2072-2077.
53. Theobald M, Biggs J, Dittmer D, Levine AJ, Sherman LA. Targeting p53 as a general tumor antigen. of special interest Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 92:1995;11993-11997 An HLA-A2. 1 transgenic mouse immunized with HLA-A2. 1-binding peptides from p53, and T cells that could bind to endogenous peptides expressed in human tumors where identified, indicating that some p53 epitopes can be endegenously processed and presented in tumors.
54. Sette A, Vitiello A, Reherman B, Fowler P, Nayersina R, Kast WM, Melief CJ, Oseroff C, Yuan L, Ruppert J. The relationship between class I binding affinity and immunogenicity of potential cytotoxic T cell epitopes. J Immunol. 153:1994;5586-5592.
55. Chen W, Khiko S, FEcondo J, Margulies DH, McClusky J. Determinant selection of major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted antigenic peptides is explained by class I-peptide affinity and is strongly influenced by nondominant anchor residues. J Exp Med. 180:1994;1471-1483.
56. Van Der Burg SH, Visseren MJW, Brandt RMP, Kast WM, Melief CJM. Immunogenicity of peptides bound to MHC class I molecules depends on the MHC-peptides complex stability. of special interest J Immunol. 156:1996;3308-3314 A number of HLA-A 0201-binding peptides were examined for their affinity to HLA-A 0201, as measured in a competitive binding assay, as well as for their dissociation rate from this class I allele. The immunogenicity of these peptides appeared to be better correlated with their dissociation rate than with their affinity for HLA-A 0201.
57. Rosenberg SA, White DE. Vitiligo in patients with melanoma: normal tissue antigens can be target for cancer immunotherapy. of special interest J Immunother. 19:1996;81-84 A correlation was found between the development of vitiligo and the response to immunotherapy, indicating the normal melanocyte antigens may represent tumor regression antigens.
58. Jaeger E, Berhard H, Romero P, Ringhoffer M, Arand M, Karbach J, IIsemann C, Hagedorn M, Knuth A. Generation of cytotoxic T-cell responses with synthetic melanoma-associated peptides in vivo: implications for tumor vaccines with melanoma associated antigens. of special interest Int J Cancer. 66:1996;162-169 Melanoma patients were immunized with peptides derived from MART 1/MelanA, gp100 and tyrosinase and in vitro responses to these epitopes were analyzed. Some increases in in vitro reactivity to the tyrosinase and MART-1 peptides were noted following immunization.
59. Salgaller ML, Afshar A, Marincola FM, Rivoltini L, Kawakami Y, Rosenberg SA. Recognition of multiple epitopes in the human melanoma antigen gp100 by peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated in vitro with synthetic peptides. Cancer Res. 55:1995;4972-4979.
60. Marchand M, Weynants P, Rankin E, Arienti F, Belli F, Parmiani G, Cascinelli N, Bourlond A, Vanwijck R, Humblet Y, et al. Tumor regression responses in melanoma patients treated with a peptide encoded by gene MAGE-3. of special interest Int J Cancer. 63:1996;883-885 Preliminary results indicate some clinical responses to immunization with a peptide derived from MAGE-3.
61. Rivoltini L, Kawakami Y, Sakaguchi K, Southwood S, Sette A, Robbins PF, Marindola FM, Salgaller ML, Yannelli JR, Appella E, Rosenberg SA. Induction of tumor-reactive CTL from peripheral blood and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of melanoma patients by in vitro stimulation with an immunodominant peptide of the human melanoma antigen MART-1. J Immunol. 154:1995;2257-2265.
62. Salgaller ML, Weber JS, Koenig S, Yanelli JR, Rosenberg SA. Generation of specific anti-melanoma reactivity by stimulation of human tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with MAGE-1 synthetic peptide. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 39:1994;105-116.
63. Bakker ABH, Marland G, De Boer AJ, Huijbens RJF, Danen EHJ, Adema GJ, Figdor CG. Generation of antimelanoma cytotoxic T lymphocytes from healthy donor after presentation of melanoma-associated antigen-derived epitopes by dendritic cells in vitro. Cancer Res. 55:1995;5330-5334.
64. Alijagic S, Moller P, Artuc M, Jurgovsky K, Czarnetzki BB, Schadendorf D. Dendritic cells generated from peripheral blood transfected with human tyrosinase induce specific T cell activation. Eur J Immunol. 25:1995;3100-3107.
65. Hsu FJ, Benike C, Fagnoni F, Liles TM, Czerwinski D, Taidi B, Engelman EG, Levy R. Vaccination of patients with B-cell lymphoma using autologous antigen-pulsed dentritic cells. of special interest Nat Med. 2:1996;52-58 Preliminary results demonstrate clinical responses following immunization with dendritic cells pulsed with an idiotype protein expressed on a B-cell lymphoma.
66. Zhai Y, Yang JC, Kawakami Y, Spiess P, Wadsworth SC, Caedoza LM, Couture LA, Smith AE, Rosenberg SA. Antigen specific tumor vaccines: development and characterization of recombinant adenoviruses encoding MART-1 or gp100 for cancer therapy. J Immunol. 156:1996;700-710.
67. MUkherji B, Chakraborty N, Yamasaki S, Okino T, Yamase H, Sporn JR, Kurtzman SK, Ergin MT, Ozols J, Meehan J, Mauri F. Induction of antigen-specific cytolytic T cells in situ in human melanoma by immunization iwth synthetic peptide-pulsed autologous antigen presenting cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 92:1995;8078-8082.
68. Hu X, Chakraborty NG, Sporn JR, Kurtzman SH, Ergin MT, Mukherji B. Enhancement of cytolytic T lymphocyte precursor frequncy in melanoma patients following immunization with the MAGE-1 peptide loaded antigen presenting cell-based vaccine. Cancer Res. 56:1996;2479-2483.
69. Cole DJ, Weil DP, Sharnamian P, Rivoltini L, Kawakami Y, Toplaian S, Jennings C, Eliyafu S, Rosenberg SA, Nishimura MI. Identification of MART-1-specific T-cell receptors: T cells utilizing distinct T-cell receptor variable and joining regions recognize the same tumor epitope. Cancer Res. 54:1994;5265-5268.
70. Sensi M, Traversai C, Radrizzani M, Salvi S, Maccalli C, Mortarini R, Rivoltini L, Farina C, Nicolini G, Wölfel T, et al. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones from different patients display limited T-cell receptors variable gene usage in HLA-A2 restricted recognition of MelanA/Mart-1 melanoma antigen. of special interest Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 92:1995;5674-5678 A limited repertoire of TCRs was observed in response to MelanA/Mart-1; thus, it may be possible to monitor patient responses to immunotherapy by monitoring the frequency of T cells bearing these receptors.
71. Romero P, Pannetier C, Herman J, Jongeneel CV, Cerottini J-C, Coulie PG. Multiple specificities in the repertoire of a melanoma patient's cytolytic T lymphocytes directed against tumor antigen MAGE-1.A1. J Exp Med. 182:1995;1019-1028.
72. Cole DJ, Weil DP, Shilyansky J, Custer M, Kawakami Y, Rosenberg SA, Nishimura MI. Characterization of the functional specificity of a cloned T-cell receptor heterodimer recognizing the MART-1 melanoma antigen. Cancer Res. 55:1995;748-752.
73. Gervois N, Guilloux Y, Diez E, Jotereau F. Suboptimal activation of melanoma infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) due to low avidity of TCR/MHC-tumor peptide interactions. J Exp Med. 183:1996;2403-2407.
74. Visseren MJW, Van Elsas A, Van Der Voort EIH, Ressing ME, Kast WM, Schrier PI, Melief CJM. CTL specific for the tyrosinase autoantigen can be induced form healthy donor blood to lyse melanoma cells. J Immunol. 154:1995;3991-3998.
75. Alexander-Miller MA, Leggatt GR, Berzofsky JA. Selective expansion of high-or low-avidity cytotoxic T lymphocytes and efficacy for adoptive immunotherapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 93:1996;4102-4107.
76. Rivoltini L, Loftus DJ, Barracchini K, Arienti F, Mazzocchi A, Biddison WE, Salgaller ML, Appella E, Parmiani G, Marincola FM. Binding and presentation of peptides derived from melanoma antigens MART-1 and glycoprotein-100 by HLA-A2 subtypes. J Immunol. 156:1996;3882-3891.
77. Lehmann F, Marchand M, Hainaut P, Pouillart P, Sastre X, Ikeda H, Boon T, Coulie PG. Differences in the antigens recognized by cytolytic T cells on two successive metastases fo a melanoma patient are consistent with immune selection. of special interest Eur J Immunol. 25:1995;340-347 Evidence was obtained indicating that a recurrent tumor derived from a melanoma patient has lost expression of multiple antigens, indicating that in vivo immunoselection may have occured.
78. Restifo NP, Esquivel F, Kawakami Y, Yewdell JW, Mule JJ, Rosenberg SA, Benninki JR. Identification of human cancers deficient in antigen processing. J Exp Med. 177:1993;265-272.
79. Sanda MG, Restifo NP, Walsh JC, Kawakami Y, Nelson WG, Pardoll DM, Simons JW. Molecular characterization of defective antigen processing in human prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 87:1995;280-285.
80. 2-microglobulin in recurrent tumors isolated following immunotherapy may represent one mechanism of tumor escape that may necessitate the development of additional strategies for immunotherapy.
81. Marincola FM, Shamamian P, Alexander RB, Gnarra JR, Turetskaya RL, Nedospasov SA, Simonis TB, Taubenberger JK, Yannelli J, Mixon A, et al. Loss of HLA haplotype of B locus down-regulation in melanoma cell lines. J Immunol. 153:1994;1225-1237.