메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 79, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 83-94

Recent advances in bone biology provide insight into the pathogenesis of bone diseases

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACID PHOSPHATASE; ARACHIDONATE 5 LIPOXYGENASE; BISPHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR 1; ESTROGEN; FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR; GENE PRODUCT; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; OSTEOCALCIN; PARATHYROID HORMONE RELATED PROTEIN; PROTEIN C FOS; SIALOPROTEIN; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR;

EID: 0032985446     PISSN: 00236837     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (132)

References (113)
  • 1
    • 0031013458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bcl-2 lies downstream of parathyroid hormone-related peptide in a signaling pathway that regulates chondrocyte maturation during skeletal development
    • Amling M, Neff L, Tanaka S, Inoue D, Kuida K, Weir E, Philbrick WM, Broadus AE, and Baron R (1997). Bcl-2 lies downstream of parathyroid hormone-related peptide in a signaling pathway that regulates chondrocyte maturation during skeletal development. J Cell Biol 136:205-213.
    • (1997) J Cell Biol , vol.136 , pp. 205-213
    • Amling, M.1    Neff, L.2    Tanaka, S.3    Inoue, D.4    Kuida, K.5    Weir, E.6    Philbrick, W.M.7    Broadus, A.E.8    Baron, R.9
  • 3
    • 0029977750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective toxic effects of tamoxifen on osteoclasts: Comparison with the effects of oestrogen
    • Arnett TR, Lindsay R, Kilb JM, Moonga BS, Spowage M, and Dempster DW (1996). Selective toxic effects of tamoxifen on osteoclasts: comparison with the effects of oestrogen. J Endocrinol 149:503-508.
    • (1996) J Endocrinol , vol.149 , pp. 503-508
    • Arnett, T.R.1    Lindsay, R.2    Kilb, J.M.3    Moonga, B.S.4    Spowage, M.5    Dempster, D.W.6
  • 4
    • 0000122688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Knockout mice lacking bone sialoprotein expression have bone abnormalities
    • Aubin JE, Gupta AK, Zirngbl R, and Rossant J (1996). Knockout mice lacking bone sialoprotein expression have bone abnormalities (Abstract). J Bone Miner Res 11:S102.
    • (1996) J Bone Miner Res , vol.11
    • Aubin, J.E.1    Gupta, A.K.2    Zirngbl, R.3    Rossant, J.4
  • 10
    • 0032577276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noggin, cartilage morphogenesis, and joint formation in the mammalian skeleton
    • Burnet L, McMahon J, McMahon A, and Harland R (1998). Noggin, cartilage morphogenesis, and joint formation in the mammalian skeleton. Science 280:1455-1457.
    • (1998) Science , vol.280 , pp. 1455-1457
    • Burnet, L.1    McMahon, J.2    McMahon, A.3    Harland, R.4
  • 11
    • 0032498962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of NF-κB activity results in disruption of the apical ectodermal ridge and aberrant limb morphogenesis
    • Bushdid PB, Brantley DM, Yull FE, Blaeuer GL, Hoffman LH, Niswander L, and Kerr LD (1998). Inhibition of NF-κB activity results in disruption of the apical ectodermal ridge and aberrant limb morphogenesis. Nature 392:615-618.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.392 , pp. 615-618
    • Bushdid, P.B.1    Brantley, D.M.2    Yull, F.E.3    Blaeuer, G.L.4    Hoffman, L.H.5    Niswander, L.6    Kerr, L.D.7
  • 12
    • 0028041418 scopus 로고
    • Ectopic expression of Hoxb8 causes duplication of the ZPA in the forelimb and homeotic transformation of axial structures
    • Charite J, deGraaff W, Shen S, and Deschamps J (1994). Ectopic expression of Hoxb8 causes duplication of the ZPA in the forelimb and homeotic transformation of axial structures. Cell 78:589-601.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.78 , pp. 589-601
    • Charite, J.1    DeGraaff, W.2    Shen, S.3    Deschamps, J.4
  • 14
    • 0030980636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide acts in conjunction with proinflammatory cytokines to promote cell death in osteoblasts
    • Damoulis PD and Hauschka PV (1997). Nitric oxide acts in conjunction with proinflammatory cytokines to promote cell death in osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Res 12:412-422.
    • (1997) J Bone Miner Res , vol.12 , pp. 412-422
    • Damoulis, P.D.1    Hauschka, P.V.2
  • 15
    • 0028927556 scopus 로고
    • Two distinct osteoblast-specific cis-acting elements control expression of a mouse osteocalcin gene
    • Ducy P and Karsenty G (1995). Two distinct osteoblast-specific cis-acting elements control expression of a mouse osteocalcin gene. Mol Cell Biol 15:1858-1869.
    • (1995) Mol Cell Biol , vol.15 , pp. 1858-1869
    • Ducy, P.1    Karsenty, G.2
  • 17
    • 0030678549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osf2/Cbfa 1: A transcriptional activator of osteoblast differentiation
    • Ducy P, Zhang R, Geoffroy V, Ridall AL, and Karsenty G (1997). Osf2/Cbfa 1: A transcriptional activator of osteoblast differentiation. Cell 89:747-754.
    • (1997) Cell , vol.89 , pp. 747-754
    • Ducy, P.1    Zhang, R.2    Geoffroy, V.3    Ridall, A.L.4    Karsenty, G.5
  • 20
    • 0030200262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of BMP-2 and BMP-4 alters the size and shape of developing skeletal elements in the chick limb
    • Duprez D, Bell E, Richardson M, Archer C, Wolpert L, Brickell P, and Francis-West P (1996). Overexpression of BMP-2 and BMP-4 alters the size and shape of developing skeletal elements in the chick limb. Mech Dev 57:145-157.
    • (1996) Mech Dev , vol.57 , pp. 145-157
    • Duprez, D.1    Bell, E.2    Richardson, M.3    Archer, C.4    Wolpert, L.5    Brickell, P.6    Francis-West, P.7
  • 22
    • 0025363948 scopus 로고
    • Electron microscopy of developing calvaria reveals images that suggest that osteoclasts engulf and destroy osteocytes during bone resorption
    • Elmardi AS, Katchburian MV, and Katchburian E (1990). Electron microscopy of developing calvaria reveals images that suggest that osteoclasts engulf and destroy osteocytes during bone resorption. Calcif Tissue Int 46:239-245.
    • (1990) Calcif Tissue Int , vol.46 , pp. 239-245
    • Elmardi, A.S.1    Katchburian, M.V.2    Katchburian, E.3
  • 28
    • 0029851956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mice lacking tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (Acp5) have disrupted endochondral ossificiation and mild osteopetrosis
    • Hayman AR, Jones SJ, Boyde A, Foster D, Colledge WH, Carlton MB, Evans MJ, and Cox TM (1996). Mice lacking tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (Acp5) have disrupted endochondral ossificiation and mild osteopetrosis. Development 122:3151-3162.
    • (1996) Development , vol.122 , pp. 3151-3162
    • Hayman, A.R.1    Jones, S.J.2    Boyde, A.3    Foster, D.4    Colledge, W.H.5    Carlton, M.B.6    Evans, M.J.7    Cox, T.M.8
  • 29
    • 0029063164 scopus 로고
    • Nucleolar localization of parathyroid hormone-related peptide enhances survival of chondrocytes under conditions that promote apoptotic cell death
    • Henderson JE, Amizuka N, Warshawsky D, Biasotto D, Lanske BMK, Goltzman D, and Karaplis AC (1995). Nucleolar localization of parathyroid hormone-related peptide enhances survival of chondrocytes under conditions that promote apoptotic cell death. Mol Cell Biol 15:4064-4075.
    • (1995) Mol Cell Biol , vol.15 , pp. 4064-4075
    • Henderson, J.E.1    Amizuka, N.2    Warshawsky, D.3    Biasotto, D.4    Lanske, B.M.K.5    Goltzman, D.6    Karaplis, A.C.7
  • 30
    • 0030854867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple extracellular signals promote osteoblast survival and apoptosis
    • Hill PA, Tumber A, and Meikle MC (1997). Multiple extracellular signals promote osteoblast survival and apoptosis. Endocrinology 138:3849-3858.
    • (1997) Endocrinology , vol.138 , pp. 3849-3858
    • Hill, P.A.1    Tumber, A.2    Meikle, M.C.3
  • 31
    • 0027204149 scopus 로고
    • Mutations at the mouse microphthalmia locus are associated with defects in a gene encoding a novel basic-helix-loop-helix-zipper protein
    • Hodgkinson CA, Moore KJ, Nakayama A, Steingrimsson E, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, and Arnheiter H (1993). Mutations at the mouse microphthalmia locus are associated with defects in a gene encoding a novel basic-helix-loop-helix-zipper protein. Cell 74:395-404.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.74 , pp. 395-404
    • Hodgkinson, C.A.1    Moore, K.J.2    Nakayama, A.3    Steingrimsson, E.4    Copeland, N.G.5    Jenkins, N.A.6    Arnheiter, H.7
  • 32
    • 0029737070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone morphogenetic proteins: Multifunctional regulators of vertebrate development
    • Hogan BLM (1996). Bone morphogenetic proteins: Multifunctional regulators of vertebrate development. Genes Dev 10: 1580-1594.
    • (1996) Genes Dev , vol.10 , pp. 1580-1594
    • Hogan, B.L.M.1
  • 33
    • 0027174296 scopus 로고
    • Cytokines and estrogen in bone; anti-osteoporotic effects
    • Horowitz MC (1993). Cytokines and estrogen in bone; anti-osteoporotic effects. Science 260:626-627.
    • (1993) Science , vol.260 , pp. 626-627
    • Horowitz, M.C.1
  • 34
    • 0030773251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 and the human chondrodysplasias
    • Horton WA (1997). Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 and the human chondrodysplasias. Curr Opin Pediatr 9:437-442.
    • (1997) Curr Opin Pediatr , vol.9 , pp. 437-442
    • Horton, W.A.1
  • 41
    • 0031745167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limb development: Molecular dysmorphology is at hand!
    • Innis J and Mortlock D (1998). Limb development: Molecular dysmorphology is at hand! Clin Genet 53:337-348.
    • (1998) Clin Genet , vol.53 , pp. 337-348
    • Innis, J.1    Mortlock, D.2
  • 42
    • 0030715563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osteopetrosis in mice lacking NF-κB1 and NF-κb2
    • Iotsova V, Caamano J, Loy J, Lewin A, and Bravo R (1997). Osteopetrosis in mice lacking NF-κB1 and NF-κB2. Nature Med 3:1285-1289.
    • (1997) Nature Med , vol.3 , pp. 1285-1289
    • Iotsova, V.1    Caamano, J.2    Loy, J.3    Lewin, A.4    Bravo, R.5
  • 43
    • 0029785002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skeletal and hematopoietic defects in mice transgenic for collagen X
    • Jacenko O, Ito S, and Olsen BR (1996). Skeletal and hematopoietic defects in mice transgenic for collagen X. Ann N Y Acad Sci 785:278-280.
    • (1996) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.785 , pp. 278-280
    • Jacenko, O.1    Ito, S.2    Olsen, B.R.3
  • 44
    • 0031976864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osteoblast programmed cell death (apoptosis): Modulation by growth factors and cytokines
    • Jilka RL, Weinstein RS, Bellido T, Parfitt AM, and Manolagas SC (1998). Osteoblast programmed cell death (apoptosis): Modulation by growth factors and cytokines. J Bone Miner Res 13:793-802.
    • (1998) J Bone Miner Res , vol.13 , pp. 793-802
    • Jilka, R.L.1    Weinstein, R.S.2    Bellido, T.3    Parfitt, A.M.4    Manolagas, S.C.5
  • 45
    • 0028936354 scopus 로고
    • Macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-1α maintain the survival of osteoclast-like cells
    • Jimi E, Shuto T, and Koga T (1995). Macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-1α maintain the survival of osteoclast-like cells. Endocrinology 136:808-811.
    • (1995) Endocrinology , vol.136 , pp. 808-811
    • Jimi, E.1    Shuto, T.2    Koga, T.3
  • 46
    • 0032499286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of rel/NFκB transcription factors during the outgrowth of the vertebrate limb
    • Kanegae Y, Tavares AT, Izpisua-Belmonte JC, and Verma IM (1998). Role of rel/NFκB transcription factors during the outgrowth of the vertebrate limb. Nature 392:611-614.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.392 , pp. 611-614
    • Kanegae, Y.1    Tavares, A.T.2    Izpisua-Belmonte, J.C.3    Verma, I.M.4
  • 48
    • 0015383455 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis: A basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics
    • Kerr JFR, Wyllie AH, and Currie AR (1972). Apoptosis: A basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. Br J Cancer 26:239-257.
    • (1972) Br J Cancer , vol.26 , pp. 239-257
    • Kerr, J.F.R.1    Wyllie, A.H.2    Currie, A.R.3
  • 53
    • 0027199847 scopus 로고
    • Osteocytes, strain detection, bone modelling and remodelling
    • Lanyon LE (1993). Osteocytes, strain detection, bone modelling and remodelling. Calcif Tissue Int 53:S102-S107.
    • (1993) Calcif Tissue Int , vol.53
    • Lanyon, L.E.1
  • 54
    • 0028569704 scopus 로고
    • Sonic hedgehog and Fgf-4 act through a signaling cascade and feedback loop to intetrate growth and paterning of the developing limb bud
    • Laufer E, Nelson C, Johnson R, Morgan B, and Tabin C (1994). Sonic hedgehog and Fgf-4 act through a signaling cascade and feedback loop to intetrate growth and paterning of the developing limb bud. Cell 79:993-1003.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.79 , pp. 993-1003
    • Laufer, E.1    Nelson, C.2    Johnson, R.3    Morgan, B.4    Tabin, C.5
  • 55
    • 0029806309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parathyroid hormone-related peptide delays terminal differentiation of chondrocytes during endochondral bone development
    • Lee K, Lanske B, Karaplis AC, Deeds JD, Kohno H, Nissenson RA, Kronenberg HM, and Segre GV (1996). Parathyroid hormone-related peptide delays terminal differentiation of chondrocytes during endochondral bone development. Endocrinology 137:5109-5118.
    • (1996) Endocrinology , vol.137 , pp. 5109-5118
    • Lee, K.1    Lanske, B.2    Karaplis, A.C.3    Deeds, J.D.4    Kohno, H.5    Nissenson, R.A.6    Kronenberg, H.M.7    Segre, G.V.8
  • 56
    • 0026748311 scopus 로고
    • Chondroclasts and endothelial cells collaborate in the process of cartilage resorption
    • Lewinson D and Silbermann M (1992). Chondroclasts and endothelial cells collaborate in the process of cartilage resorption. Anat Rec 233:504-514.
    • (1992) Anat Rec , vol.233 , pp. 504-514
    • Lewinson, D.1    Silbermann, M.2
  • 57
    • 0031977199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates inhibit the mevalonte pathway and prevent post-translational prenylation of GTP-binding proteins, including Ras
    • Luckman SP, Hughes DE, Coxon FP, Graham R, Russell G, and Rogers MJ (1998). Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates inhibit the mevalonte pathway and prevent post-translational prenylation of GTP-binding proteins, including Ras. J Bone Miner Res 13:581-589.
    • (1998) J Bone Miner Res , vol.13 , pp. 581-589
    • Luckman, S.P.1    Hughes, D.E.2    Coxon, F.P.3    Graham, R.4    Russell, G.5    Rogers, M.J.6
  • 58
    • 0029865369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osteoclast demise in the rat: Physiological versus degenerative cell death
    • Lutton JD, Moonga BS, and Dempster DW (1996). Osteoclast demise in the rat: Physiological versus degenerative cell death. Exp Physiol 81:251-260.
    • (1996) Exp Physiol , vol.81 , pp. 251-260
    • Lutton, J.D.1    Moonga, B.S.2    Dempster, D.W.3
  • 59
    • 0345266620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphogenesis of digits in the avian limb is controlled by FGFs, TGFbetas, and noggin through BMP signaling
    • Merino R, Ganan Y, Macias D, Economides A, Sampath K, and Hurle J (1998). Morphogenesis of digits in the avian limb is controlled by FGFs, TGFbetas, and noggin through BMP signaling. Dev Biol 200:33-45.
    • (1998) Dev Biol , vol.200 , pp. 33-45
    • Merino, R.1    Ganan, Y.2    Macias, D.3    Economides, A.4    Sampath, K.5    Hurle, J.6
  • 60
    • 0029881459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osteocyte density changes in aging and osteoporosis
    • Mullender MG, van der Meer DD, Huiskes R, and Lips P (1996). Osteocyte density changes in aging and osteoporosis. Bone 18:109-113.
    • (1996) Bone , vol.18 , pp. 109-113
    • Mullender, M.G.1    Van Der Meer, D.D.2    Huiskes, R.3    Lips, P.4
  • 61
    • 0031035441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heritable diseases of the skeleton: Part I - Molecular insights into skeletal development-transcription factors and signaling pathways
    • Mundlos S and Olsen B (1997a). Heritable diseases of the skeleton: Part I - Molecular insights into skeletal development-transcription factors and signaling pathways. FASEB J 11:125-132.
    • (1997) FASEB J , vol.11 , pp. 125-132
    • Mundlos, S.1    Olsen, B.2
  • 62
    • 0030894287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heritable diseases of the skeleton: Part II - Molecular insights into skeletal development-matrix components and their homeostasis
    • Mundlos S and Olsen B (1997b). Heritable diseases of the skeleton: Part II - Molecular insights into skeletal development-matrix components and their homeostasis. FASEB J 11:227-233.
    • (1997) FASEB J , vol.11 , pp. 227-233
    • Mundlos, S.1    Olsen, B.2
  • 63
    • 0031971765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of PTH-rp in the hypercalcemia of malignancy and osteolytic bone disease
    • Mundy GR and Guise TA (1998). Role of PTH-rp in the hypercalcemia of malignancy and osteolytic bone disease. Endocr-Relat Cancer 5:15-26.
    • (1998) Endocr-Relat Cancer , vol.5 , pp. 15-26
    • Mundy, G.R.1    Guise, T.A.2
  • 64
    • 0029871929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered growth and branching patterns in synpolydactyly caused by mutations in HOXD13
    • Muragaki Y, Mundlos S, Upton J, and Olsen B (1996). Altered growth and branching patterns in synpolydactyly caused by mutations in HOXD13. Science 272:548-551.
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 548-551
    • Muragaki, Y.1    Mundlos, S.2    Upton, J.3    Olsen, B.4
  • 65
    • 1842409589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of two mouse alkaline phosphatase genes and establishment of a model of infantile hypophosphatasia
    • Narisawa S, Frohlander N, and Millan JL (1997). Inactivation of two mouse alkaline phosphatase genes and establishment of a model of infantile hypophosphatasia. Dev Dyn 208:432-446.
    • (1997) Dev Dyn , vol.208 , pp. 432-446
    • Narisawa, S.1    Frohlander, N.2    Millan, J.L.3
  • 66
    • 0030895688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trafficking of matrix collagens through bone-resorbing osteoclasts
    • Nesbitt SA and Horton MA (1997). Trafficking of matrix collagens through bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Science 276: 266-269.
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 266-269
    • Nesbitt, S.A.1    Horton, M.A.2
  • 67
    • 0030882412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limb mutants: What can they tell us about normal limb development?
    • Niswander L (1997). Limb mutants: What can they tell us about normal limb development? Curr Opin Gen Dev 7:530-536.
    • (1997) Curr Opin Gen Dev , vol.7 , pp. 530-536
    • Niswander, L.1
  • 70
    • 0029783770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen, cytokines, and pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis
    • Pacifici R (1996). Estrogen, cytokines, and pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 11:1043-1051.
    • (1996) J Bone Miner Res , vol.11 , pp. 1043-1051
    • Pacifici, R.1
  • 72
    • 0028362416 scopus 로고
    • Osteonal and hemi-osteonal remodeling: The spatial and temporal framework for signal traffic in adult human bone
    • Parfitt AM (1994). Osteonal and hemi-osteonal remodeling: The spatial and temporal framework for signal traffic in adult human bone. J Cell Biochem 55:273-286.
    • (1994) J Cell Biochem , vol.55 , pp. 273-286
    • Parfitt, A.M.1
  • 73
    • 0020509916 scopus 로고
    • Relationships between surface, volume and thickness of iliac trabecular bone in aging and in osteoporosis. Implications for the microanatomic and cellular mechanisms of bone loss
    • Parfitt AM, Mathews CHE, Villanueva AR, Kleerekoper M, Frame B, and Rao DS (1983). Relationships between surface, volume and thickness of iliac trabecular bone in aging and in osteoporosis. Implications for the microanatomic and cellular mechanisms of bone loss. J Clin Invest 72:1396-1409.
    • (1983) J Clin Invest , vol.72 , pp. 1396-1409
    • Parfitt, A.M.1    Mathews, C.H.E.2    Villanueva, A.R.3    Kleerekoper, M.4    Frame, B.5    Rao, D.S.6
  • 75
    • 0028877380 scopus 로고
    • The heterogeneity of the osteopetroses reflects the diversity of cellular influences during skeletal development
    • Popoff SN and Marks SC Jr (1995). The heterogeneity of the osteopetroses reflects the diversity of cellular influences during skeletal development. Bone 17:437-445.
    • (1995) Bone , vol.17 , pp. 437-445
    • Popoff, S.N.1    Marks S.C., Jr.2
  • 76
    • 0028859990 scopus 로고
    • Genetic interaction between hoxb-5 and hoxb-6 is revealed by non-allelic noncomplementation
    • Rancourt D, Tsuzuki T, and Capecchi M (1995). Genetic interaction between hoxb-5 and hoxb-6 is revealed by non-allelic noncomplementation. Genes Dev 9:108-122.
    • (1995) Genes Dev , vol.9 , pp. 108-122
    • Rancourt, D.1    Tsuzuki, T.2    Capecchi, M.3
  • 77
    • 0028040019 scopus 로고
    • Bcl-2 and the regulation of programmed cell death
    • Reed JC (1994). Bcl-2 and the regulation of programmed cell death. J Cell Biol 124:1-6.
    • (1994) J Cell Biol , vol.124 , pp. 1-6
    • Reed, J.C.1
  • 78
    • 0027760995 scopus 로고
    • Sonic hedgehog mediates the polarizing activity of the ZPA
    • Riddle R, Johnson R, Laufer E, and Tabin C (1993). Sonic Hedgehog mediates the polarizing activity of the ZPA. Cell 75:1401-1416.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.75 , pp. 1401-1416
    • Riddle, R.1    Johnson, R.2    Laufer, E.3    Tabin, C.4
  • 79
    • 0031955217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A unitary model for involutional osteoporosis: Estrogen deficiency causes both type I and type II osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and contributes to bone loss in aging men
    • Riggs BL, Khosla S, and Melton LJ III (1998). A unitary model for involutional osteoporosis: Estrogen deficiency causes both type I and type II osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and contributes to bone loss in aging men. J Bone Miner Res 13:763-773.
    • (1998) J Bone Miner Res , vol.13 , pp. 763-773
    • Riggs, B.L.1    Khosla, S.2    Melton L.J. III3
  • 81
    • 0028826658 scopus 로고
    • Osteogenic differentiation of hypertrophic chondrocytes involves cell divisions and apoptosis
    • Roach HI, Erenpreisa J, and Aigner T (1995). Osteogenic differentiation of hypertrophic chondrocytes involves cell divisions and apoptosis. J Cell Biol 131:483-494.
    • (1995) J Cell Biol , vol.131 , pp. 483-494
    • Roach, H.I.1    Erenpreisa, J.2    Aigner, T.3
  • 82
    • 0020118107 scopus 로고
    • The proximodistal determination of skeletal parts in the developing chick Jeg
    • Rowe DA and Fallon JF (1982). The proximodistal determination of skeletal parts in the developing chick Jeg. J Embryol Exp Morphol 68:1-7.
    • (1982) J Embryol Exp Morphol , vol.68 , pp. 1-7
    • Rowe, D.A.1    Fallon, J.F.2
  • 83
    • 0031002026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Removal of osteoclast bone resorption products by transcytosis
    • Salo J, Lehenkari P, Mulari M, Metsikko K, and Vaananen HK (1997). Removal of osteoclast bone resorption products by transcytosis. Science 276:270-273.
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 270-273
    • Salo, J.1    Lehenkari, P.2    Mulari, M.3    Metsikko, K.4    Vaananen, H.K.5
  • 85
    • 0028943780 scopus 로고
    • A constitutively active mutant PTH-PTHrP receptor in Jansen-type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia
    • Schipani E, Kruse K, and Juppner H (1995). A constitutively active mutant PTH-PTHrP receptor in Jansen-type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia. Science 268:98-100.
    • (1995) Science , vol.268 , pp. 98-100
    • Schipani, E.1    Kruse, K.2    Juppner, H.3
  • 86
    • 0015012597 scopus 로고
    • The initiation of limb bud outgrowth in the embryonic chick
    • Searls RL and Janners MY (1971). The initiation of limb bud outgrowth in the embryonic chick. Dev Biol 24:198-213.
    • (1971) Dev Biol , vol.24 , pp. 198-213
    • Searls, R.L.1    Janners, M.Y.2
  • 88
    • 0030878664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fossils, genes and the evolution of animal limbs
    • Shubin N, Tabin C, and Carroll S (1997). Fossils, genes and the evolution of animal limbs. Nature 388:639-648.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.388 , pp. 639-648
    • Shubin, N.1    Tabin, C.2    Carroll, S.3
  • 90
    • 0026023289 scopus 로고
    • Targeted disruption of the c-src proto-oncogene leads to osteopetrosis in mice
    • Soriano P, Montgomery C, Geske R, and Bradley A (1991). Targeted disruption of the c-src proto-oncogene leads to osteopetrosis in mice. Cell 64:693-702.
    • (1991) Cell , vol.64 , pp. 693-702
    • Soriano, P.1    Montgomery, C.2    Geske, R.3    Bradley, A.4
  • 91
    • 0028157152 scopus 로고
    • They type II collagenopathies: A spectrum of chondrodysplasias
    • Spranger J, Wintrpacht A, and Zabel B (1994). They type II collagenopathies: A spectrum of chondrodysplasias. Eur J Pediatr 153:56-65.
    • (1994) Eur J Pediatr , vol.153 , pp. 56-65
    • Spranger, J.1    Wintrpacht, A.2    Zabel, B.3
  • 92
    • 0030481707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint patterning defects caused by single and double mutations in members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family
    • Storm E and Kingsley D (1996). Joint patterning defects caused by single and double mutations in members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family. Development 233: 3969-3979.
    • (1996) Development , vol.233 , pp. 3969-3979
    • Storm, E.1    Kingsley, D.2
  • 97
    • 0030884639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The death of osteocytes via apoptosis accompanies estrogen withdrawal in human bone
    • Tomkinson A, Reeve J, Shaw RW, and Noble BS (1997a). The death of osteocytes via apoptosis accompanies estrogen withdrawal in human bone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82: 3128-3135.
    • (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.82 , pp. 3128-3135
    • Tomkinson, A.1    Reeve, J.2    Shaw, R.W.3    Noble, B.S.4
  • 100
    • 0029750190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of rate of cartilage differentiation by Indian Hedgehog and PTH-related protein
    • Vortkamp A, Lee K, Lanske B, Segre GV, Kronenberg HM, and Tabin CJ (1996). Regulation of rate of cartilage differentiation by Indian Hedgehog and PTH-related protein. Science 273:613-622.
    • (1996) Science , vol.273 , pp. 613-622
    • Vortkamp, A.1    Lee, K.2    Lanske, B.3    Segre, G.V.4    Kronenberg, H.M.5    Tabin, C.J.6
  • 103
    • 0029811142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted overexpression of parathyroid hormone-related peptide in chondrocytes causes chondrodysplasia and delayed endochondral bone formation
    • Weir EC, Philbrick WM, Amling M, Neff LA, Baron R, and Broadus AE (1996). Targeted overexpression of parathyroid hormone-related peptide in chondrocytes causes chondrodysplasia and delayed endochondral bone formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93:10240-10245.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.93 , pp. 10240-10245
    • Weir, E.C.1    Philbrick, W.M.2    Amling, M.3    Neff, L.A.4    Baron, R.5    Broadus, A.E.6
  • 105
  • 107
    • 26544437662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of osteoclast apoptosis in mutated src proteins and a src SH2 inhibitor
    • Xing L, Schwartzberg P, Sawyer T, Varmus HE, and Boyce BF (1997). Induction of osteoclast apoptosis in mutated src proteins and a src SH2 inhibitor (Abstract). J Bone Miner Res 12:S109.
    • (1997) J Bone Miner Res , vol.12
    • Xing, L.1    Schwartzberg, P.2    Sawyer, T.3    Varmus, H.E.4    Boyce, B.F.5
  • 112
    • 0029876835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Requirement for BMP signaling in interdigital apoptosis and scale formation
    • Zou H and Niswander L (1996). Requirement for BMP signaling in interdigital apoptosis and scale formation. Science 272:738-741.
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 738-741
    • Zou, H.1    Niswander, L.2
  • 113
    • 0030955344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct roles of type I bone morphogenetic protein receptors in the formation and differentiation of cartilage
    • Zou H, Wieser R, Massague J, and Niswander L (1997). Distinct roles of type I bone morphogenetic protein receptors in the formation and differentiation of cartilage. Genes Dev 11:2191-2203.
    • (1997) Genes Dev , vol.11 , pp. 2191-2203
    • Zou, H.1    Wieser, R.2    Massague, J.3    Niswander, L.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.