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Thin bone slices were prepared from the cortex of bovine femurs, incubated in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing water-soluble sulfo-N-hydroxysuccinimide-biotin (2 mg/ml) (Pierce, Rockford, IL) for 2 hours, washed repeatedly, and rinsed overnight in PBS. Osteoclast cultures (9) were fixed at 48 hours in 3% paraformaldehyde for 10 min, and cells were permeabilized in 0.5% Triton TX-100. Biotinylated material was visualized with FITC-conjugated streptavidin (Sigma) for 2 hours at room temperature. After extensive washes, samples were incubated in TRITC-labeled phalloidin (Sigma). Samples from eight independent experiments (each containing 18 bone slices with 200 to 300 osteoclasts per slice) were studied with conventional immunofluorescence microscopy. At 48 hours, 63% of the osteoclasts were resorbing and 37% were nonresorbing. Fifty-one resorbing osteoclasts and 16 nonresorbing osteoclasts were scanned with laser scanning confocal microscopy (Leica Aristoplan CLSM, Leica Lasertechnik, Heidelberg, Germany).
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note
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Species-specific polyclonal antibodies (Biogenesis, Poole, England) that recognize bovine but not rat osteocalcin were used (dilution, 1:100, for 60 min at 37°C). Eight independent experiments were performed. Rat osteoclasts were cultured as described for Fig. 1.
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1842370599
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note
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LF-BON-I antibodies to purified bovine bone osteonectin were a gift from L. W. Fisher, NIH, Bethesda, MD.
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note
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A growing piglet, aged 4 weeks, received daily intramuscular injections of oxytetracycline (Terramycin/ LA, Pfizer) at a dose of 20 mg per kilogram of body weight for 6 weeks. After the pig was killed, thin bone slices were prepared from the cortex of the femurs. Approximately one-fourth of the cortical bone area revealed intensive tetracycline fluorescence, whereas the remaining three-fourths served as a negative control. Four independent experiments were performed, and 16 osteoclasts were analyzed in detail with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Rat osteoclasts were cultured on these bone slices (Fig. 1).
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1842328944
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note
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2 (0.6 mg/ml) reaction was carried out. Cells were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 90 min at 4°C and osmicated. Bone slices were then decalcified in sodium cacodylate-buffered EDTA (4.13 mg/ml) containing 0.1% glutaraldehyde for 3 days at 4°C, dehydrated, and embedded in Epon LX-112. Thin sections (100 nm) were stained with lead citrate and observed with a transmission electron microscope (Philips 410, at 60 kV). Twenty individual osteoclasts from three independent cultures were analyzed.
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note
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Supported by the Finnish Academy of Sciences and by Astra Hässle AB, Sweden. We thank S. Seinijoki and A. Haimakainen for technical assistance.
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