The regulation of neurotransmitter secretion by protein kinase C

Molecular Neurobiology

Volumn 18, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 125-155

  Vaughan, Peter F T ^a,b   Walker, John H ^a,b   Peers, Chris ^a,b  

^a Inst for Cardiovascular Research   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Ca2+ channels; Cytoskeleton; Protein kinase C; Secretion; SH SY5Y; Vesicles

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM CHANNEL; PROTEIN KINASE C;

ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CYTOSKELETON; ENZYME PHOSPHORYLATION; NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; NONHUMAN;

EID: 0032446136     PISSN: 08937648     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF02914269     Document Type: Article

References (241)

1. Acs P., Szallasi Z., Kazanietz M. S., and Blumberg P. M. (1995) Differential activation of PKC isoforms by 14-3-3 zeta proteins. Biochein. Biophys. Res. Commun. 216,103-109.
2. Adem A., Mattsson M. E., Nordberg A., and Pahlman S. (1987) Muscarinic receptors in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line: regulation by phorbol ester and retinoic acid. Brain Res. 430,235-242.
3. Aderem A. (1995) The MARCKS family of protein kinase-C substrates. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 23, 587-591.
4. Aidley D. J. and Stanfield P. R. (1996) Ion Channels; Molecules in Action. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
5. Aitken A., Howell S., Jones D., Madrazo J., Martin H., Patel Y, et al. (1995) Post-translationally modified 14-3-3 isoforms and inhibition of protein kinase C. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 149,4119.
6. Alien L. A. and Aderem A. (1995) Protein kinase C regulates MARCKS cycling between the plasma membrane and lysosomes in fibroblasts. EMBO J. 14,1109-1120.
7. Ammer H. and Schultz R. (1994) Retinoic acidinduced differentiation of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells is associated with changes in the abundance of G-proteins. J. Nenrochem. 62, 1310-1318.
8. Asai T., Pelzer S., McDonald T. F., and Pelzer D. J. (1991) A phorbol ester reduces L-type calcium channel current in isolated cardiomyocytes independently of protein kinase C activation. J. Physiol 438,226P.
9. Aunis D. and Bader M. E (1988) The cytoskeleton as a barrier to exocytosis in secretory cells. J. Exp. Biol. 139,253-266.
10. Baizer L. and Weiner N. (1985) Regulation of dopamine release from PC12 pheochromocytoma cell cultures during stimulation with elevated potassium or carbachol. J. Nenrochem. 44, 495-501.
11. Barrie A. P. and Nicholls D. G. (1993) Adenosine AI receptor inhibition of glutamate exocytosis and protein kinase C-mediated decoupling. J. Nenrochem. 60,1081-1086.
12. Barrie A. P., Nicholls D. G., Sanchez-Prietro J., and Sihra T. S. (1991) An ion channel locus for the protein kinase C potentiation of transmitter glutamate release from guinea pig cerebrocortical synaptosomes. J. Neurochem. 57,1398-1404.
13. Barwise J. and Walker J. H. (1996) Annexins IUV,V and Vi relocate in response to rises in intracellular calcium in human foreskin fibroblasts. J. Cell Set. 109, 247-255.
14. Bauerfeind R., Jelink R., and Huttner W. B. (1995) Synaptotagmin I- and II-deficient PC12 cells exhibit calcium-dependent, depolarisationinduced neurotransmitter release from synapticlike microvesicles. FEES Lett. 364,328-334.
15. Bauerfeind R., Ohashi M., and Huttner W. B. (1994) Biogenesis of secretory granules and synaptic vesicles. Facts and hypotheses. Ann. NY Acad. Sei. 733,233-244.
16. Bauerfeind R., Regnier-Vigouroux A., Fiatmark T., and Huttner W. B. (1993) Selective storage of acetylcholine, but not catecholamines, in neuroendocrine synaptic-like microvesicles of early endosomal origin. Neuron 11,105-121.
17. Baumert M. Maycox P. R., Navone F., DeCamilli P., and Jahn R. (1989) Synaptobrevin: an integral membrane protein of 18 000 daltons in small synaptic vesicles of rat brain EMBO J. 8,379-384.
18. Bennett M. K. Calakos N., and Scheller R. H. (1992) Syntaxin: a synaptic protein inplicated in docking of synaptic vesicles at presynaptic synaptic active zones. Science 257,255-259.
19. Benowitz L. I. and Routtenberg A. (1997) GAP-43: an intrinsic determinant of neuronal development and plasticity. Trends Nenrosci. 20,84-91.
20. Blackshear P. J. (1993) The MARCKS family of celluar protein kinase C substrates. J. Biol. Cliein. 268,1501-1504.
21. Blanchard 5., Barvvise J. L., Gerke V., Goodall A., Vaughan P. F. T., and Walker J. H. (1996) Annexins in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y. Demonstration of relocations of annexins II and V to membrane in response to elevation of intracellular calcium by membrane depolarisation and by the calcium ionophore A23187. J. Nenroclietn. 67, 805-813.
22. Blasi J., Chapman E. R., Yamasaki S., Binz T., Nieman H., and Jahn R. (1993) Botulinum neurotoxin Cl blocks neurotransmitter release by means of cleaving HPC-1/syntaxin. EMBO J. 12, 4821-4828.
23. Bourinet E., Fournier F., Nargeot J., and Charnet P. (1992) Endogenous Xenopiis oocyte Ca- channels are regulated by protein kinases A and C. FEES Lett. 299,5-9.
24. Bramham C. R., Alkon D. L., and Lester D. S. (1994) Arachidonic acid and diacylglycerol act synergis/' tically through protein kinase C to persistently enhance synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. Neuroscience 60,737-743.
25. Brasch'H. (1993) Field stimulation-induced noradrenaline release from guinea pig atria is modulated by prejunctional alpha 2-adrenoceptors and protein kinase C. Basic Res. Cardiol. 88,545-556.
26. Budd D. C. and Nicholls D. G. (1995) Protein kinase C-mediated suppression of the presynaptic adenosine Ai receptor by a facilitatory metabotropic glutamate receptor. J. Neurochem. 65, 615-621.
27. Burgoyne R. C., Morgan A., and O'Sullivan A. J. (1988) A major role for protein kinase C in calcium-activated exocytosis in permeabilised adrenal chromaffin cells. FEBS Lett. 238,151-155.
28. Calakos N. and Scheller R. H. (1996) Synaptic vesicle biogenesis, docking and fusion: A molecular description. Physiol. Rev. 76,1-29.
29. Calle R., Ganesan S., Smallwood J. L, and Rasmussen H. (1992) Glucose-induced phosphorylation of myristoylated alanine-rich c kinase substrate (MARCKS) in isolated rat pancreatic islets. J. Biol. Chem. 267,18,723-18,727.
30. Cantrell A. R., Ma J. Y., Sheuer T., and Catterall W. A. (1996) Muscarinic modulation of sodium current by activation of protein kinase C in rat hippocampal neurons. Neuron 16,1019-1026.
31. 2 channels. Ann. NY Acad. Sei. 707, 1-19.
32. Catterall W. A. (1996a) Molecular properties of sodium and calcium channels. J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. 28,219-230.
33. Catterall W. A. (1996b) Structure and function of voltage-gated ion channels. Ann. Rev. Biocheni. 64,493-531.
34. Chamberlain L. H., Roth D., Morgan A., and Burgoyne R. C. (1995) Distinct effect of oc-SNAP, 143-3 proteins and calmodulin on priming and triggering of regulated exocytosis. J. Cell Biol. 130,1063-1070.
35. Chang S., Hemmings H. C., and Aderem A. (1996) Stimulus-dependent phosphorylation of MacMARCKS, a protein kinase C substrate, in nerve termini and PC12 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 1174-1178.
36. Chapman E. R. and Jahn R. (1994) Calcium-dependent interaction of the cytoplasmic region of synaptotagmin with membranes. Autonomous function of a single C2-homologous domain. J. Biol. Chem. 269,5735-5741.
37. 2 regulates the interaction between synaptotagmin and syntaxin I. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 23,667-23,671.
38. Chasserotgolaz S., Vitale N., Sagot L, Delouche B., Dirig S., Pradel L. A., et al. (1996) Annexin II in exocytosis: catecholamine secretion requires the translocation of p36 to the subplasmalemmal region in chromaffin cells. J. Cell Biol. 133, 1217-1236.
39. Cheek T. R., and Burgoyne R. C. (1986) Nicotineevoked disassembly of cortical actin filaments in adrenal chromaffin cells. FEBS Lett. 207,110-114.
40. Chen F. and Wagner P. C. (1997) Pertussis toxin modification of PC12 cells lowers cytoskeletal Factin and enhances norepinephrine secretion: involvement of protein kinase C and protein phosphatases. Arch. Physiol. Biochem. 105, 317-328.
41. Chesselet M. F. (1984) Presynaptic regulation of neurotransmitter release in the brain: Facts and hypothesis. Nenroscience 12,347-375.
42. Chulak C, Couture R., and Foucart S. (1995). Modulatory effect of bradykinin on the release of noradrenaline from rat isolated atria. Br. J. Phariimcol 115,330-334.
43. Coffey E. T., Herrero I., Sihra T. S., Sanchez-Prieto J., and Nicholls D. G. (1994) Glutamate exocytosis and MARCKS phosphorylation are enhanced by a metabotropic glutamate receptor coupled to a protein kinase C synergistically activated by diacylglycerol and arachidonic acid. J. Neurocliem. 63,1303-1310.
44. Coffey E. T., Shira T. S., and Nicholls D. G. (1993) Protein kinase C and the regulation of glutamate '' exocytosis from cerebrocortical synaptosomes. J. Biol. Chem. 268,21,060-21,065.
45. Collins D. R. and Davies S. N. (1993) Co-administration of (lS,3R)-l-aminocyclopentane-l,3-dicarboxylic acid and arachidonic acid potentiates synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal slices. Enr. J. Pharinacol 210, 325,326.
46. Costa M., Barrington M, and Majewski H. (1993) Evidence that Mi muscarinic receptors enhance noradrenaline release in mouse atria by activating protein kinase C. Br. J. Pharmacol. 110,910-916.
47. Cox M. E. and Parsons S. J. (1997) Roles for protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase in nicotinic-induced secretion from bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. J. Neurochem. 69,1119-1130.
48. Creutz C. E. (1992) The annexins and exocytosis. Science 258, 924-931.
49. Cukierman S. (1996) Regulation of voltage-dependent sodium channels. J. Memb. Biol. 151, 203-214.
50. Damer C. K. and Creutz C. E. (1994) Synergistic membrane interactions of the two C2 domains of synaptotagmin. J. Biol. Chem. 269,31,115-31,123.
51. Danks K., Wade J. A., Batten T. F. C., Walker J., Ball S. G., and Vaughan P. F. T. (1999) Redistribution of actin and large dense covered vesicles in the human neuroblastoma SH-5454 in response to secretagogues and protein kinase Ca activation. Mol. Brain Res., in press.
52. Davis A. J., Butt J. T. C., Walker J. H., Moss S. E., and Gawler D. J. (1996) The CaLB domain of P120GAP mediates protein-protein interactions with Ca2+-dependent membrane-binding proteins: evidence for a direct interaction between annexin VI and P120GAP. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 24,333-24,336.
53. De Camilli P., Benfenati E, Valtorta K, and Greengard P. (1990) The synapsins. Ann. Rev. Cell Biol. 6,433-460.
54. De Potter W. P., Kurzawa R., Miserez B., and Coen E. P. (1995) Evidence against differential release of noradrenaline, NPY, and dopamine-betahydroxylase from adrenergic nerves in the isolated perfused sheep spleen. Synapse 19,67-76.
55. De Potter W. P., Parteoens P., Schoups A., Llona I., and Coen E. P. (1997) Noradrenergic neurons release both noradrenaline and neuropeptides from a single pool: the large dense cored vesicles. Synapse 25,44-55.
56. Deeney J. T., Cunningham B. A., Chheda S., Bokvist K. Juntti-Berggren L., Lam K., et al., (1996) Reversible Ca2+-dependent translocation of protein kinase C and glucose-induced insulin release. J. Biol Chem. 271,18,154-18,160.
57. Dekker L. V., De Graan P. N. E., and Gispen W. H. (1991) Transmitter release: target of regulation by protein kinase C? in Progress in Brain Research, (Gispen W. H. and Routtenberg A., eds.) Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 209-233.
58. Dellambra E., Patrone M., Sparatore B., Negri A., Ceciliani F., Bondanza S., et al. (1995) Stratifin, a keratinocyte specific 14-3-3 protein, harbors a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and enhances protein kinase C activity. J. Cell Sei. 108,3569-3579.
59. DeReimer S. A., Strong J. A., Albert K. A., Greengard P., and Kaczmarek L. K. (1985) Enhancement of calcium current in Aplysia neurones by phorbol ester and protein kinase C. Nature 313, 313-316.
60. Doerner D., Abdel-Latif M., Rogers T. B., and Alger B. E. (1990) Protein kinase C-dependent andindependent effects of phorbol esters on hippocampal calcium channel current. J. Netirosci. 10,1699-1706.
61. Dolphin A. C. (1995) Voltage-dependent calcium channels and their modulation by neurotransmitters and G-proteins. Exp. Physiol. 80,1-36.
62. 2+ channels in mammalian central neurons. Trends Neurosci. 18,89-98.
63. 2+-mediated exocytosis of insulin by activation of protein kinase C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 94,4435-4439.
64. Elferink L. A., Peterson M. R., and Scheller R. H. (1993) A role for synaptotagmin p650 in regulated exocytosis. Cell 72,153-159.
65. Ferro-Novic S. and Jahn R. (1994) Vesicle fusion from yeast to man. Nature 370,191-193.
66. Fielder W. and Walker J. H. (1985) Electron microscopic localisation of calelectrin a Mr 36000 calcium-binding protein at the cholinergic electromotor synapse of Torpedo. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 38,34-41.
67. Fujita Y., Sasaki T., Fukui K., Kotani H., Kimura T., Hâta Y., et al. (1996) Phosphorylation of Munc18/n-sec/rbSec-l by protein kinase C: its implication in regulating the interaction of Munc-18/nSecl with syntaxin. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 7265-7268.
68. Garcia E. P., Gatti E., Butler M., Burton J., and De Camilli P. (1994) A rat brain Sec 1 homologue / related to Rop and UNC 18 interacts with syntaxin. Proc. Natl. Acnd. Sei. USA 91, 2003-2007.
69. Gengyo-Ando K., Kitayama H., Mukaida M., and Ikawa Y. (1996) A murine neuraral specific homologue corrects cholinergic defects in Caenorhabditis elegans unc-18 mutants. J. Nenrosci. 16, 6695-6702.
70. Gillis K. C., Mossner R., and Neher E. (1996) Protein kinase C enhances exocytosis from chromaffin cells by increasing the size of the recently releasable pool of secretory vesicles Neuron 16, 1209-1220.
71. Goodall A. R., Danks K., Walker J. H., Ball S. G., and Vaughan P. F. T. (1997a) Occurrence of two types of secretory vesicles in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y. J. Neiirochem. 68,1542-1552.
72. Goodall A. R., Turner N. A., Walker J. H., Ball S. G., and Vaughan P. F. T. (1997b) Activation of protein kinase C alpha and translocation of the myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate correlate \vith phorbol ester-enhanced noradrenaline release from SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. J. Neiirochem. 68,392-401.
73. Gotow T., Sakata M., Funkoshi T., and Uchiyama Y. (1996) Preferential localization of annexin V to the axon terminal. Neuroscience 75,507-521.
74. Graff J. M., Toung T. N., Johnson J. C., and Blackshear P. J. (1989) Phosphorylation-regulated calmodulin binding to a prominent cellular substrate for protein kinase C. J. Biol. Chem. 264, 21,818-21,823.
75. Halachmi N. and Lev Z. (1996) The Sec-1 family: a novel family of proteins involved in synaptic transmission and general secretion. J. Neiirochem. 66,889-897.
76. Hamill O. P., Marty A., Neher E., Sakmann B., and Sigworth F. J. (1981) Improved patch-clamp techniques for high resolution current recording from
77. cells and cell-free membrane patches. Pflugers Arch. 391,85-100.
78. 2 current in snail neurons that appears to be mediated by protein kinase C. Nature 325, 809-811.
79. Hamprecht B. (1986) Biochemistry, physiology and pharmacology of astrocytes, in Cellular Neurobiology: A Scries. Astrocytes, vol. 2 (Federoff S. and Vernadakis A., eds.), Academic, New York, pp. 77-106.
80. Hanson P. I., Heuser J. E., and Jahn R. (1997) Neurotransmitter release-four years of SNARE complexes Curr. Opinion Neurobiol. 7,310-315.
81. Harder T. and Gerke V. (1993) The subcellular distribution of early endosomes is affected by the annexin II2pll(2) complex. J. Cell Biol. 123, 1119-1132.
82. Harlan D. M., Graff J. M., Stumpo D. J., et al. (1991) The human myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) gene (MACS). Analysis of its gene product, promoter, and chromosomal localization. J. Biol. Cliem. 266,14,399-14,405.
83. Harris K. M., Kongsamut S., and Miller R. J. (1985) Protein kinase C mediated regulation of calcium channels in PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 134,1298-1305.
84. Harrison S. C., Broadie K., van de Goor J., and Rubin G. M. (1994). Muations in the drosophila rop gene suggests a function in general secretion and synaptic transmission. Neuron 13, 555-566.
85. Hartwig J. H., Thelen M., Rosen A., Janmey P. A., Nairn A. C., and Aderem A. (1992) MARCKS is an actin filament crosslinking protein regulated by protein kinase C and calcium-calmodulin. Nature 356,618-622.
86. Hata Y, Slaughter C. A., and Sudhof T. C. (1993) Synaptic vesicle fusion complex contains unc-18 homologue bound to syntaxin. Nature 366, 347-351.
87. Heikkila J. E., Akerlind G., and Akerman K. E. (1989) Protein kinase C activation and down-regulation in relation to phorbol ester-induced differentiation og SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. / Cell Physiol. 140,593-600.
88. Hens J. J., Ghijsen W. E., Dimjati W., Wiegant V. M. Oestreicher A. B., Gispen W. H., et al. (1993a) Evidence for a role of protein kinase C substrate B-50 (GAP-43) in Ca2+-induced neuropeptide cholecystokinin-8 release from permeated synaptosomes. J. Neurochem. 61,602-609.
89. 2 trigger. J. Neiirochem. 60,1264-1273.
90. Hens J. J., De Wit M., Boomsma R, Mercken M., Oestreicher A. B., Gispen W. H., and et al. (1995) N-terminal-specific anti-B-50 (GAP-43) antibodies inhibit Ca2+-induced noradrenaline release, B50 phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, and calmodulin binding. J. Neiirochem. 64,1127-1136.
91. Herget T., Oehrlein S. A., Pappin D. J. C., Rozengurt E., and Parker P. J. (1995) The myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) is sequentially phosphorylated by conventional, 'novel and atypical isotopes of protein kinase C. Eur. J. Biochem. 233,448-457.
92. Hockberger P., Toselli M., Swandulla D., and Lux H. C. (1989) A diacylglycerol analogue reduces neuronal calcium currents independently of protein kinase C activation. Nature 338,340-342.
93. Hodel A., Schafer T., Gerosa D., and Burger M. M. (1994) In chromaffin cells, the mamalian Sec Ip homologue is a syntaxin lA-binding protein associated with chromaffin granules. J. Biol Client. 269, 8623-8626.
94. Hong D. H., Forstner J. R, and Forstner G. G. (1997) Protein kinase C epsilon is the likely mediator of mucin exocytosis in human colonie cell lines. Am. J. Phijsiol. 272, 631-637.
95. House C. and Kemp B. E. (1987) Protein kinase C .contains a pseudosubstrate prototype in its regu ! latory domain. Science 238,1726-1728.
96. Hyatt S. L., Liao L., Chapline C., and Jaken S. (1994) Identification and characterisation of alpha-protein kinase C binding proteins in normal and transformed REF52 cells. Biocliemistry 33, 1223-1228.
97. Ivins K. J., Neve K. A, Feller D. J., Fidel S. A., and Neve R. L. (1993) Antisense GAP-43 inhibits the evoked release of dopamine from PC12 cells. J. Neiirochem. 60, 626-633.
98. Jahn R. and Sudhof T. C. (1994) Synaptic vesicles and exocytosis. Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 17,219-246.
99. Jalava A., Akerman K., and Heikkila J. (1993) Protein kinase inhibitor, staurosporine, induces a mature neuronal phenotype in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells through an alpha-, beta- and zeta-protein kinase C-independent pathway. J. Cell. Physiol. 155,301-312.
100. Jones D. H., Martin H., Madrazo J., Robinson K. A., Nielsen P., Roseboom P. H., et al. (1995) Exprès-
101. sion and structural analysis os 14-3-3 proteins. J. Mol Biol. 245, 375-384.
102. Kazmi S. M. and Mishra R. K. (1987) Comparative pharmacological properties and functional coupling of mu and delta opioid receptor sites in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Mol. Plmrmacol. 32,109-118.
103. Kazmi S. M. and Mishra R. K. (1989) Identification of alpha 2-adrenergic receptor sites in human neuroblastoma (Y-79) and neuroblastoma (SHSY5Y) cells. Biochim. Biophys. Res Commun. 158, 921-928.
104. Kiley S. C, Parker P.}., Fabbro D., and Jaken S. (1992) Hormone- and phorbol ester-activated protein kinase C isozymes mediate a reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton associated with prolactin secretion in GH4C1 cells. Mol. Endocrinol. 6,120-131.
105. Kim K. M., Kim D. K., Park Y. M., Kim C., and Na D. S. (1994) Annexin-I inhibits phospholipase A2 by specific interaction, not by substrate depletion. FEBS Lett. 343,251-255.
106. Knight D. E. and Baker P. F. (1983) A phorbol ester TPA increases the affinity of exocytosis for calcium in leaky adrenal medullary cells. FEBS Lett. 160,98-100.
107. Kurz T., Tolg R., and Richardt G. (1997) Bradykinin Bi-receptor-mediated stimulation of exocytotic noradrenaline release from cardiac sympathetic neurons. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 29,2561-2569.
108. 2 channels. Nature 335, 249-251.
109. 2 Biochem. J. 265,555-562.
110. Lambert D. G., Ghataorre A. S., and Nahorski S. R. (1989) Muscarinic receptor binding characteristics of a human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH and its clones SH-SY5Y and SH-EP1. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 165, 71-77.
111. Leli U., Cataldo A., Shea T. B., Nixon R. A., and Hauser G. (1992) Distinct mechanisms of differentiation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells by protein kinase C activators and inhibitors. J. Neiirochem. 58,1191-1198.
112. Leli U., Shea T. B., Cataldo A., Hauser G. Grynspan F. Beermann M. L., et al. (1993) Differential expression and subcellular localisation of protein kinase C alpha, bêta, gamma, delta and epsilon isoforms in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells: modification during differentiation. J. Neiirochem. 60, 289-298.
113. Levitan I. B. (1994) Modulation of ion channels by protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Ann. Rev. Physlol. 56,193-212.
114. Lipscombe D., Bley K., and Tsien R. W. (1988) Modulation of neuronal Ca channels by cAMP and phorbol esters. Soc. Nenrosci. Abst-Act 14, 153, 64.12.
115. Liu J. P., Powell K. A., Sudhof T. C, and Robinson P. J. (1994) Dynamin I is a Ca2+-sensitive phospholipid-binding protein with a very high affinity for protein kinase C. J. Biol. Cliem. 269, 21,043-21,050.
116. Liu J. P., Zhang Q. X., Baldwin G., and Robinson P. J. (1996) Calcium binds dynamin I and inhibits its GTPase activity. J. Neitrochem. 66,2074-2081.
117. Ludowyke R. I., Scurr L. L., and McNally C. M. (1996) Calcium-ionophore-induced secretion from mast cells correlates with myosin light chain phosphorylation by protein kinase C. J. Immunol. 157,5130-5138.
118. Lui J. P., Engler D., Funder J. W., and Robinson P. J. 1994, Arginine vasopressin (AVP) causes the reversible phosphorylation of the myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) protein in the ovine anterior pituitary: evidence that MARCKS phosphorylation is associated with adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) secretion. Mol. Cell Endocrinol. 105,217-226.
119. Majewski H. K, and Musgrave I. F. (1995) Second messenger pathways in the modulation of neurotransmitter release Anst. N. Z. J. Med. 25,817-821.
120. Malenka R. C., Ayoub G. S., and Nicoll R. A. (1987) Phorbol esters enhance transmitter release in rat hippocampal slices. Brain Res. 403,198-203.
121. Malenka R. C., Madison D. V., and Nicoll R. A. (1986) Potentiation of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus by phorbol esters, Nature 321, 175-177.
122. Manenti S., Sorokine O., Van Dorsselaer A., and Taniguchi H. (1992) Affinity purification and and characterisation of myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate (MARCKS) from bovine brain. Comparison of the cytoplasmic and the membrane bound forms. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 22,310-22,315.
123. Marcu M. G., Rodriguez del Castillo A., Vitale M. L., and Trifaro J. M. (1994) Molecular cloning and functional expression of chromaffin cell scinderin indicates that it belongs to the family of Ca2+dependent F-actin severing proteins. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 141,153-165.
124. Martin T. F. J. (1997). Stages of regulated exocytosis. Trends Cell Biol. 7, 271-278.
125. May V., Brandenburg C. A., and Brass K. M. (1995 Differential regulation of sympathetic neuron neuropeptide Y and catecholamine content and sectretion. J. Nenrosci. 15,4580-4591.
126. McClure S. J. and Robinson P. J. (1996) Dynamin, endocytosis and intracellular signalling Mol. Mem]}. Biol. 13,189-215.
127. McDonald R. L., Balmforth A. J., Palmer A. C. V., Ball S. G., Peers C, and Vaughan P. F. T. (1995) The effect of the angiotensin II (ATiA) receptor stably transfected into human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells on noradrenaline release and changes in intracellular calcium. Neurosci. Lett. 119,115-118.
128. 2 channel currents in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells by [Ala31]NPY, an L-alanine substituted analogue of neuropeptide Y. Neurosci. Lett. 190,179-182.
129. 2 channels. Br. J. Pharmacol 113, 621-627.
130. 2 channel currents in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells by neuropeptide Y and a novel cyclic neuropeptide Y analogue. Nenropliarmacology 34, 1507-1514.
131. McDonald R., Kaye D. F., Reeve H. L., Ball S. G., Peers C., and Vaughan P. F. T. (1994) Bradykininevoked release of [3H]noradrenaline from the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y. Biocliem. Plmrmacol 48, 23-30.
132. McMahon H. T. and Nicholls D. G. (1991) The bioenergetics of neurotransmitter release. Biocliim. Biophys. Ada. 1059, 243-246.
133. Meldolesi J., Gatti G., Ambrosini A., Pozzan T., and Westhead E. W. (1988) Second-messenger control of catecholamine release from PC12 cells. Biochem. J. 255, 761-768.
134. Meneray M. A. and Bennett D. J. (1995) Identification of G proteins in lacrimal glands. Inves. Optlialmol. Vis. Sei. 36,1173-1180.
135. Middlemiss D. N. (1988), Receptor-mediated control of neurotransmitter release from brain slices or synaptosomes. Trends. Pliann. Sei. 9,83,84.
136. Mira J-P, Dubois T., Oudinet J-P, Lukowski S., Russo-Marie F., and Geny B. (1997) Inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase Aa by annexin V in dif-ferentiated permeabilized HL-60 cells. Evidence of crucial importance of domain I type II Ca2+-binding site in the mechanism of inhibition. J. Biol. Chem. 272,10,474-10,482.
137. Mochly-Rosen D., Khaner H., Lopez J., and Smith B. L. (1991) Intracellular receptors for activated protein kinase C. Identification of a binding site for the enzyme. J. Biol. Chem. 266,14,866-14,868.
138. Mohti J., Caswell A. M., and Walker J. H. (1995) Calcium-induced relocation of annexins IV and V in the human oseosarcoma cell line MG-63. Mol. Membr. Biol. 12,321-329.
139. Montecucco C. and Schiavo G. (1994) Mechanism of action of tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins Mol. Microbiol. 13,1-8.
140. Morgan A. and Burgoyne R. C. (1992) Exol and Exo2 proteins stimulate calcium-dependent exocytosis in permeabilised adrenal chromaffin cells. Nature 355, 833-835.
141. Morgan A. and Burgoyne R. C. (1997) Common mechanisms for regulated exocytosis in the chromaffin cell and the synapse. Cell Dev. Biol. 8, 141-149.
142. Murphy N. P., Ball S. G., and Vaughan P. F. T. (1991) Potassium and carbachol evoked release of [3H] noradrenaline from human neuroblastoma cells, SH-SY5Y. J. Neiirochem. 56,1810-1815.
143. 2 in human neurob/'' lastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Biochem. J. 282, 645-650.
144. Murphy N. P., Vaughan P. F. T., Ball S. G., and McCormack J. G. (1991) The cholinergic regulation of intracellular calcium in the human neuroblastoma, SH-SY5Y. J. Neiirochem. 57,2116-2123.
145. Nichols R. A., Haycock J. W., Wang J. K. T., and Greengard P. (1987) Phorbol ester enhancement of neurotransmitter release from rat brain synaptosomes. J. Neiirochem. 48,615-621.
146. Nichols R. A., Suplick G. R., and Brown J. M. (1994) Calcineurin-mediated protein dephosphorylation in brain nerve terminals regulates the release of glutamate. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 23,817-23,823.
147. Nieman H., Blasi J., and Jahn R. (1994) Clostridial neurotoxins: new tools for dissecting exocytosis. Trends Cell Biol. 4,179-185.
148. Nishiki T., Shoji-Kasai Y, Sekiguchi M., Iwasaki S., Kumakura K., and Takahashi M. (1997) Comparison of exocytotic mechanisms between acetylcholine- and catecholamine-containing vesicles
149. in rat pheochromocytoma cells Bicheni. Biopliys. Res. Commun. 239,57-62.
150. O'Neil C. M., Ball S. G., and Vaughan P. F. T. (1994) Effects of ischaemic conditions on uptake of glutamate, aspartate and noradrenaline by cell lines derived from the human nervous system. J. Neurochem. 63,603-611.
151. Oda H. Murayama T., and Nomura Y. (1997) Inhibition of protein kinase C-dependent noradrenaline release by wortmannin in PC12 cells. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 337, 96-102.
152. Ou X. M., Partoens P. M., Wang J. M., Danks K., Vaughan P. E T., and De Potter W. P. (1998) The storage of noradrenaline, neuropeptide Y and chromogranins in and stochiometric release from large dense cored vesicles of the undifferentiated human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Int J. Mol. Med. 1,105-112.
153. Oyler G. A., Higgins G. A., Hart R. A., Battenberg E., Billingsley M., Bloom F. E., and Wilson M. C. (1989) The identification of a novel synaptosomal-associated protein SNAP-25, differentially expressed by neuronal subpopulations. J. Cell Biol. 109,3039-3052.
154. Pahlman S., Mamaeva S., Meyerson G., Mattsson M. E., Bjelfmat C., Ortoft E., and Hammerling U. (1990) Human neuroblastoma cells in culture: a model for neuronal differentiation and function. Ada Plnjsiol. Scand. 592,25-37.
155. Pallanck L., Ordway R. W, and Ganetzky B. (1995) A drosophila NSF mutant. Nature 376,25.
156. Pang D. T., Wang J. K. T., Valtorta F., Benfenati F., and Greengard P. (1988) Protein tyrosine phosphorylation in synaptic vesicles. Proc. Nntl. Acnd. Sei. USA 85, 762-766.
157. Parfitt K. D. and Madison D. V. (1993) Phorbol esters enhance synaptic transmission by a presynaptic, calcium-dependent mechanism in rat hippocampus. J. Physiol. 471,245-268.
158. Parrow V., Fagerstrom S., Meyerson G., Nanberg E., and Pahlman S. (1995) Protein kinase C-alpha and -epsilon are enriched in growth cones of differentiating SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. J. Neurosci. Res. 41,782-791.
159. Pevsner J. (1996) The role of Sec lp-related proteins in vesicle trafficking in the nerve terminal. J. Neurosci. Res. 45, 89-95.
160. Pevsner J., Hsu S. C., Braun J. E. A., Calakos N., Ting A. E., Bennett M. K., and Scheller R. H. (1994) Specificity and regulation of a synaptic vesicle docking complex. Neuron 13,353-361.
161. Pocock J. M., Cousin M. A., Parkin J., and Nicholls D. G. (1995) Glutamate exocytosis from cerebellar
162. 2 channel coupling. Nenwscience 67, 595-607.
163. Popli M., (1993) Synaptotagmin is endogenously phosphofylated by Ca2+/calmodiulin protein kinase II in synaptic vesicles. FEES Lett. 317, 85-88.
164. Powell K. A. and Robinson P. J. (1995) Dephosphin/dynamin is a neuronal phosphoprotein concentrated in nerve terminals: evidence from rat cerebellum. Nciirosdence 64, 821-833.
165. Prekeris R., Mayhew M. W., Cooper J. B., and Terrian D. M. (1996) Identification and localization of an actin-binding motif that is unique to to the epsilon isoform of protein kinase C and participates in the regulation of synaptic function. J. Cell - ' Biol. 132, 77-90.
166. 2 stores supports bradykinin-and muscarinic-evoked release of [3H] noradrenaline from SH-SY5Y cells. J. Neurochem. 64,1175-1182.
167. Qi Y, Wang J. K. T., McMillian M., and Chikaraishi D. M. (1997) Characterisation of a CNS cell line, CAD, in which morphological differentiation is initiated by serum deprivation. J. Neitrosci. 17, 1217-1225.
168. Rabe C. S. and McGee R. (1983) Regulation of depolarisation-dependent release of neurotransmitters by adenosine: cyclic AMP-dependent enhancement of release from PC12 cells. J. Neurochem. 41,1623-1634.
169. Rabe C. S., Delomore E., and Weight F. F. (1987) Muscarine-stimulated
170. Rane S. G. and Dunlap K. (1986) Kinase C activator 1,2-oleoylacetylglycerol attenuates voltagedependent calcium current in sensory neurons. Proc. Nail. Acad. Sei. USA 83,184-188.
171. 2 calmodulin with protein kinase C. J. Cell. Biochem. 64,514-523.
172. Raynal P. and Pollard H. B. (1994) Annexins: the problem of assessing the biological role for a gene family of multifunctional calcium-and phospholipid-binding proteins. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1179, 63-69.
173. Raynal P., Hullin R, Ragab-Thomas J. M. R, Fauvel J., and Chap H. (1993) Annexin V as a potential
174. regulator of annexin I phosphorylation by protein kinase C. Biochem. J. 292, 759-765.
175. 2 channel currents in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells by phorbol esters with and without activation of protein kinase C. Pflngers Archi. 429, 729-737.
176. Regnouf E, Sagot L, Delouche B., Devilliers G., Cartaud J., Henry J. P., and Pradel L. A. (1995) "In vitro" phosphorylation of annexin 2 heterotetramer by protein kinase C. Comparative properties of the unphosphorylated and phosphorylated annexin 2 on the aggregation and fusion of chromaffin granule membranes. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 27,143-27,150.
177. Ritchie A. K. (1979) Catecholamine secretion in a rat pheochromocytoma cell line: two pathways for calcium entry. J. Physiol. 286,541-561.
178. Robinson P. J. (1991) The role of protein kinase C and its neuronal substrates dephosphin. B-50 and MARCKS in neurotransmitter release. Mol. Nenrobiol. 5, 87-130.
179. Robinson P. J. Sontag J. M., Liu J. P., Fykse E. M., Slaughter C., McMahon H., et al. (1993) Dynamin GTPase regulated by protein kinase C in nerve terminals. Nature 365,163-166.
180. Robinson P. J., Liu J. P., Powell K. A., Fykse E. M., and Sudhof T. C. (1994) Phosphorylation of dynamin I and synaptic-vesicle recycling. Trends Nenrosci. 17, 348-353.
181. Ron D., Chen C. H., Caldwell J., Jamieson. Ortr E., and Mochly-Rosen D. (1994) Cloning of an intracellular receptor for protein kinase C: a homolog of the beta subunit of G proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 91, 839-843.
182. Ross R. A. and Biedler J. L. (1985) Presence and regulation of tyrosinase activity in human neuroblastoma cell variants in vitro. Cancer Res. 45, 1628-1632.
183. Roth D. and Burgoyne R. C. (1995) Stimulation of catecholamine secretion from adrenal chromaffin cells by 14-3-3 proteins is due to reorganisation of the cortical actin network. FEES Lett. 374,77-81.
184. Rothhut B., Dubois T., Feliers D., Russo-Marie F., and Oudinet J-P. (1995) Inhibitory effect of annexin V on protein kinase C activity in mesangial cell lysates. Enr. J. Biochem. 232, 865-872.
185. Rothman J. E. (1994) Intracellular membrane fusion. Adv. Sec. Mess, and Pliosphoprot. Res. 29, 81-96.
186. Rothman J. E. (1994) Mechanisms of intracellular protein transport. Nature 372,55-62.
187. Sanchez-Merino J. A., Martin J., Balfagon G., and Ferrer M. (1995) Involvement of alpha 2-adreno-
188. ceptors and protein kinase C on nicotine-induced facilitation of noradrenaline release in bovine cerebral arteries. Gen. Pharnmcol. 26,827-833.
189. Sanchez-Prieto J., Budd D. C., Herrero I., Vazquez E., and Nicholls D. G. (1996) Presynaptic receptors and the control of glutamate exocytosis. Trends Neurosci. 19,235-239.
190. Sarafian T., Pradel L. A., Henry J. P., Aunis D., and Bader M. F. (1991) The participation of annexin II (calpactin) in calcium-evoked exocytosis requires protein kinase C. J. Cell Biol 114,1135-1147.
191. Schiavo G., Benfenati F., Poulain B. Rosetto O., Polverino de Laurreto P., DasGupta B. R., and Montecucco C (1992) Tetanus and botulinum B neurotoxins block neurotransmitter release by proteolytic cleavage of synaptobrevin. Nature 359,832-855.
192. Schlaepfer D. C., Jones J., and Haigier H. T. (1992) Inhibition of protein kinase C by annexin V. Biochemistry 31,1886-1891.
193. Schmidt A., Hannah M. J., and Huttner W. B. (1997) Synaptic-like microvesicles of neuroendocrine cells origionate from a novel compartment that is continuous with the plasma membrane and devoid of transferrin receptor. J. Cell Biol. 137, 445-158.
194. Schroeder G. E., Kotsonis P., Musgrave I. F., and Majewski H. (1995) Protein kinase C involvement in maintenance and modulation of noradrenaline release in the mouse brain cortex. Br. J. Pharnmcol. 116,2757-2763.
195. Schroeder J. E., Fischbach P. S., and McCleskey E. W. (1990) T-type calcium channels: heterogeneous expression in rat sensory neurons and elective modulation by phorbol esters. J. Neurosci. 10,947-951.
196. 2 calmodulin kinase II inhibitor KN-62. J. Cell Sei. 108, 2619-2628.
197. Scott I. G., Akerman K. E. O., Heikkila J. E., Kaila K., and Andersson L. C. (1986) Development of a neural phenotype in differentiating ganglion cellderived human neuroblastoma cells. J. Cell Phi/siol. 128, 285-292.
198. 2 channels and catecholamine secretion in adrenal chromaffin cells. FEBS Lett. 359,137-141.
199. Shearman M. S., Sekiguchi K., and Nishizuka Y. (1989) Modulation of ion channel activity: a key
200. function of the protein kinase C enzyme family. Pharmacol. Rev. 41,211-237.
201. 2 channels in Xenopiis oocytes by protein kinase C. FEES Lett. 306,113-118.
202. Sollner T, Whiteheart S. W., Brunner M., ErdjumentBromage H., Geromanos S., Tempst P., and Rothman J. E. (1993a) SNAP receptors implicated in vesicle docking and fusion. Nature 362,318-324.
203. Sollner T., Bennett M. K., Whiteheart S. W., Scheller R. H., and Rothman J. E. (1993b) A protein assembly-disassembly pathway in vitro that may correspond to sequential steps of synaptic vesicle docking, activation and fusion. Cell 75,409118.
204. Strong J. A., Fox A. P., Tsien R. W., and Kaczmarek L. K. (1987) Stimulation of protein kinase C recruits covert calcium channels in Aplysia bag cell neurons. Nature 325,714-717.
205. Sudhof T. C. (1995) The synaptic vesicle cycle: a cascade of protein-protein interactions. Nature 375, 645-653.
206. Sudhof T. C. and Jahn R. (1991) Proteins of synaptic vesicles involved in exocytosis and membrane recycling. Neuron 6,665-667.
207. Sudhof T. C. and Rizo J. (1996) Synaptotagmins: C2domain proteins that regulate membrane traffic. Neuron 17,379-388.
208. Suri C., Fung B. P., Tischler A. S., and Chikaraishi D. M. (1993) Catecholaminergic cell lines from the brain and adrenal glands of tyrosine hydroxylase-SV40 T antigen transgenic mice. J. Neurosci. 13,1280-1291.
209. 2 channels by protein kinase C in rat central and peripheral neurons: disruption of G-protein-mediated inhibition. Neuron 11,305-320.
210. Takei N., Sasaoka K., Inoue K., Takahashi M., Endo Y., and Hatanaka H. (1997) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor increases the stimulation-evoked release of glutamate and levels of exocytosisassociated proteins in cultured cortical neurons from embryonic rats. J. Neurocliein. 68, 370-375.
211. Tanji M., Horwitz R., Rosenfeld G., and Waymire J. C. (1994) Activation of protein kinase C by purified bovine brain 14-3-3: comparison with tyrosine hydroxylase activation. J. Neurocliein. 63, 1908-1916.
212. Tchakarov L., Vitale M. L., Jeypapragasan M., Rodrigue/ Del Castillo A., and Trifaro J-M. (1990) Expression of scinderin, an actin filament-scevering protein in different tissues. FEBS Lett. 268, 209-212.
213. Terrian D. M. (1995) Persistent enhancement of sustained calcium-dependent glutamate release by phorbol esters: requirement for localized calcium entry. J. Nenrochem. 64,172-180.
214. Terrian D. M. and Ways D. K. (1995) Persistent enhancement of sustained calcium-dependent glutamate release by phorbol esters; role of calmodulin-independent serine/threonine phosphorylation and F-actin disassembly. J. Neurochem. 64,181-190.
215. Thelen M., Rosen A., Nairn A. C., and Aderem A. (1991) Regulation by phosphorylation of reversible association of a myristoylated protein kinase C substrate with the plasma membrane. Nat lire 351,320-322.
216. Trifaro J-M., and Vitale M. L. (1993) Cytoskeleton dynamics during neurotransmitter release. Trends Nciirosci. 16,466-472.
217. Trifaro J-M., Rodriguez del Castillo A., and Vitale M. L. (1992) Dynamic changes in chromaffin cell cytoskeleton as prelude to exocytosis. Mol. Nenrobiol. 6,339-358.
218. Trimble W. S., Cowan D. M., and Scheller R. H. (1988) VAMP-1: a synaptic vesicle-associated integral membrane protein. Proc. Null. Acnd. Sei. USA 85,4538-4542.
219. 2 concentration during binding determines the manner in which annexin V binds to membranes. Biochem.}. 308,591-598.
220. Turner N. A., Rumsby M. G., Walker J. H., McMorris F. A., Ball S. G., and Vaughan P. F. T. (1994) A role for protein kinase C subtypes a and e in phorbol ester-enhanced potassium- and carbachol-evoked noradrenaline release from the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y. Biochem. J. 297, 407-413.
221. Turner N. A., Walker J. H., Ball S. G., and Vaughan P. F. T. (1996) Phorbol ester-enhanced noradrenaline secretion correlates with the presence and activity of protein kinase C-alpha in human SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells. J. Neiirocliem. 66, 2381-2389.
222. Vaughan P. F. T., Kaye D. F., Reeve H. L., Ball S. G., and Peers C. (1993) Nicotinic-receptor-mediated release of noradrenaline in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y. J. Nenrochem. 60, 2159-2166.
223. Vaughan P. F. T., Kaye D. F., Reeve H. L., and Peers C. (1995a) The effect of barium on [3H]noradrenaline release from the human neuroblastoma SHSY5Y. Eur.}. Neiirosci. 7, 875-880.
224. Vaughan P. F. T., Peers C., and Walker J. H. (1995b) The use of the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y to
225. study the effect of second messengers on noradrenaline release. Gen. Phannacol. 26,1191-1200.
226. Vitale M. L., Rodriguez Del Castillo A., and Trifaro J-M (1992a) Loss and Ca2+-dependent retention of scinderin in digitonin-permeabilized chromaffin cells: correlation with Ca2+-evoked catecholamine release. J. Neiirocliein. 59,1717-1728.
227. Vitale M. L., Rodriguez Del Castillo A., and Trifaro J. M. (1992b) Protein kinase C activation by phorbol esters induces chromaffin cell cortical filamentous actin disassembly and increases the initial rate of exocytosis in response to nicotinic receptor stimulation. Nettroscience 51,463-474.
228. Vitale M. L., Rodriguez Del Castillo A., Tchakarov L., and Trifaro J-M. (1991) Cortical filamentous actin disassembly and scinderin redistribution during chromaffin cell stimulation precede exocytosis, a phenomenon not exhibited by gelsolin. J. Cell Biol. 113,1057-1067.
229. Vitale M. L., Seward E. P., and Trifaro J.-M. (1995) Chromaffin cell cortical actin network dynamics control the size of the release-ready vesicle pool and the initial rate of exocytosis. Neuron 14, 353-363.
230. Waisman D. M. (1995) Annexin II tetramers: structure and function. Mol. Cell Biochem. 149/150, 301-322.
231. Walch-Solimena C., Takei K., Marek K. L., Midyett K., Sudhof T. C., De Camilli P., et al. (1993) Synaptotagmin: a membrane constituent of neuropeptide containing large dense-core vesicles. J. Nenrosci. 13,3895-3903.
232. Walker J. H. (1982) Isolation of a protein from cholinergic synapses which binds to membranes in a calcium dependent manner. J. Neiirocliein. 39, 815-823.
233. Wendland B. and Scheller R. H. (1994) Secretion in At-20 cells stably transfected with soluble synaptotagmins. Mol. Endocrinol. 8,1070-1082.
234. Wheeler-Jones C. P., Learmonth M. P., Martin H., and Aitken A. (1996) Identification of 14-3-3 proteins in human platelets: effects of synthetic peptides on protein kinase C activation. Biochem. J. 315,41-17.
235. Wigge P., Vallis Y, and McMahon H. T. (1997) Inhibition of receptor-mediated endocytosis by the amphiphysin SH3 domain. GOT Biol. 7,554-560.
236. Woolgar J. A., Boustead C. M., and Walker J. H. (1990) Characterisation of annexins in mammalian brain. J. Neiirocliein. 54, 62-71.
237. Xiao B., Smerdon S. J., Jones D. H., Dodson G. G., Soneji Y, Aitken A., et al. (1995) Structure of a 143-3 protein and implications for coordination of
238. multiple signalling pathways. Nature 376, 188-191.
239. Yang J. and Tsien R. W. (1993) Enhancement of N- and L-type calcium channel currents by protein kinase C in frog sympathetic neurons. Neuron 10, 127-136.
240. Zhang L., Marcu M. G., Nau-Staudt K., and Trifaro J-M. (1996a) Recombinant scinderin enhances exocytosis, an effect blocked by two scinderinderived actin-binding peptides and PIP2. Neuron 17,287-296.
241. Zhang L., Ruehr M. L., and Dorman R. V. (1996b) Arachidonic acid and oleoylacetylglycerol induce a synergistic facilitation of calcium-dependent glutamate release from hippocampal mossy fibre nerve endingsJ. Neiirochem. 66,177-185.