Thymopoiesis in 4 dimensions

Seminars in Immunology

Volumn 17, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 95-102

  Witt, Colleen M ^a   Robey, Ellen A ^a  

^a Dept Ophthalmol Univ C   (United States)

Author keywords

Cell migration; Development; Thymic architecture; Thymocyte

Indexed keywords

CELL ADHESION MOLECULE; CHEMOKINE;

BONE MARROW; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL LINEAGE; CELL MATURATION; CELL MIGRATION; CELL MOTILITY; IMAGING SYSTEM; LASER MICROSCOPY; MEDULLA OBLONGATA; ONTOGENY; PHOTON; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; STEM CELL; T LYMPHOCYTE; THYMOCYTE; THYMUS;

EID: 9644303116     PISSN: 10445323     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2004.09.008     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. C.C. Blackburn, and N.R. Manley Developing a new paradigm for thymus organogenesis Nat Rev Immunol 4 2004 278 289
2. M. Itoi, H. Kawamoto, Y. Katsura, and T. Amagai Two distinct steps of immigration of hematopoietic progenitors into the early thymus anlage Int Immunol 13 2001 1203 1211
3. N.R. Manley, and C.C. Blackburn A developmental look at thymus organogenesis: where do the non-hematopoietic cells in the thymus come from Curr Opin Immunol 15 2003 225 232
4. G. Balciunaite, M.P. Keller, E. Balciunaite, L. Piali, S. Zuklys, and Y.D. Mathieu Wnt glycoproteins regulate the expression of FoxN1, the gene defective in nude mice Nat Immunol 3 2002 1102 1108
5. C.C. Blackburn, C.L. Augustine, R. Li, R.P. Harvey, M.A. Malin, and R.L. Boyd The nu gene acts cell-autonomously and is required for differentiation of thymic epithelial progenitors Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93 1996 5742 5746
6. D.M. Su, S. Navarre, W.J. Oh, B.G. Condie, and N.R. Manley A domain of Foxn1 required for crosstalk-dependent thymic epithelial cell differentiation Nat Immunol 4 2003 1128 1135
7. G. Anderson, and E.J. Jenkinson Lymphostromal interactions in thymic development and function Nat Rev Immunol 1 2001 31 40
8. J. Gill, M. Malin, J. Sutherland, D. Gray, G. Hollander, and R. Boyd Thymic generation and regeneration Immunol Rev 195 2003 28 50
9. P. Naquet, M. Naspetti, and R. Boyd Development, organization and function of the thymic medulla in normal, immunodeficient or autoimmune mice Semin Immunol 11 1999 47 55
10. A.G. Farr, J.L. Dooley, and M. Erickson Organization of thymic medullary epithelial heterogeneity: implications for mechanisms of epithelial differentiation Immunol Rev 189 2002 20 27
11. J.J. Munoz, C.L. Alonso, R. Sacedon, T. Crompton, A. Vicente, and E. Jimenez Expression and function of the Eph A receptors and their ligands ephrins A in the rat thymus J Immunol 169 2002 177 184
12. A. Vergara-Silva, K.L. Schaefer, and L.J. Berg Compartmentalized Eph receptor and ephrin expression in the thymus Mech Dev 119 Suppl 1 2002 S225 S229
13. J.E. Cooke, and C.B. Moens Boundary formation in the hindbrain: Eph only it were simple Trends Neurosci 25 2002 260 267
14. U. Tepass, D. Godt, and R. Winklbauer Cell sorting in animal development: signalling and adhesive mechanisms in the formation of tissue boundaries Curr Opin Genet Dev 12 2002 572 582
15. E.F. Lind, S.E. Prockop, H.E. Porritt, and H.T. Petrie Mapping precursor movement through the postnatal thymus reveals specific microenvironments supporting defined stages of early lymphoid development J Exp Med 194 2001 127 134
16. E. Donskoy, D. Foss, and I. Goldschneider Gated importation of prothymocytes by adult mouse thymus is coordinated with their periodic mobilization from bone marrow J Immunol 171 2003 3568 3575
17. D.L. Foss, E. Donskoy, and I. Goldschneider The importation of hematogenous precursors by the thymus is a gated phenomenon in normal adult mice J Exp Med 193 2001 365 374
18. S.S. Perry, H. Wang, L.J. Pierce, A.M. Yang, S. Tsai, and G.J. Spangrude L-selectin defines a bone marrow analog to the thymic early T-lineage progenitor Blood 103 2004 2990 2996
19. G.E. Tjonnfjord, R. Steen, O.P. Veiby, L. Morkrid, and T. Egeland Haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation: flow cytometric assessment in bone marrow and thymus Br J Haematol 91 1995 1006 1016
20. H. Spits Early stages in human and mouse T-cell development Curr Opin Immunol 6 1994 212 221
21. C. Lancrin, E. Schneider, F. Lambolez, M.L. Arcangeli, C. Garcia-Cordier, and B. Rocha Major T cell progenitor activity in bone marrow-derived spleen colonies J Exp Med 195 2002 919 929
22. C.H. Martin, I. Aifantis, M.L. Scimone, U.H. von Andrian, B. Reizis, and H. von Boehmer Efficient thymic immigration of B220+ lymphoid-restricted bone marrow cells with T precursor potential Nat Immunol 4 2003 866 873
23. M. Kondo, I.L. Weissman, and K. Akashi Identification of clonogenic common lymphoid progenitors in mouse bone marrow Cell 91 1997 661 672
24. M. Shimonaka, K. Katagiri, T. Nakayama, N. Fujita, T. Tsuruo, and O. Yoshie Rap1 translates chemokine signals to integrin activation, cell polarization, and motility across vascular endothelium under flow J Cell Biol 161 2003 417 427
25. A. de la Hera, A. Acevedo, W. Marston, and F. Sanchez-Madrid Function of CD44(Pgp-1) homing receptor in human T cell precursors Int Immunol 1 1989 598 604
26. D.D. Patel, L.P. Hale, L.P. Whichard, G. Radcliff, C.R. Mackay, and B.F. Haynes Expression of CD44 molecules and CD44 ligands during human thymic fetal development: expression of CD44 isoforms is developmentally regulated Int Immunol 7 1995 277 286
27. L.J. Picker, L.W. Terstappen, L.S. Rott, P.R. Streeter, H. Stein, and E.C. Butcher Differential expression of homing-associated adhesion molecules by T cell subsets in man J Immunol 145 1990 3247 3255
28. S.G. Kitchen, and J.A. Zack CXCR4 expression during lymphopoiesis: implications for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of the thymus J Virol 71 1997 6928 6934
29. S. Khaldoyanidi, D. Schnabel, N. Fohr, and M. Zoller Functional activity of CD44 isoforms in haemopoiesis of the rat Br J Haematol 96 1997 31 45
30. L. Wu, P.W. Kincade, and K. Shortman The CD44 expressed on the earliest intrathymic precursor population functions as a thymus homing molecule but does not bind to hyaluronate Immunol Lett 38 1993 69 75
31. A.P. Lepique, S. Palencia, H. Irjala, and H.T. Petrie Characterization of vascular adhesion molecules that may facilitate progenitor homing in the post-natal mouse thymus Clin Dev Immunol 10 2003 27 33
32. H.E. Porritt, K. Gordon, and H.T. Petrie Kinetics of steady-state differentiation and mapping of intrathymic-signaling environments by stem cell transplantation in nonirradiated mice J Exp Med 198 2003 957 962
33. H.E. Porritt, L.L. Rumfelt, S. Tabrizifard, T.M. Schmitt, J.C. Zuniga-Pflucker, and H.T. Petrie Heterogeneity among DN1 prothymocytes reveals multiple progenitors with different capacities to generate T cell and non-T cell lineages Immunity 20 2004 735 745
34. C. Borowski, C. Martin, F. Gounari, L. Haughn, I. Aifantis, and F. Grassi On the brink of becoming a T cell Curr Opin Immunol 14 2002 200 206
35. S. Prockop, and H.T. Petrie Cell migration and the anatomic control of thymocyte precursor differentiation Semin Immunol 12 2000 435 444
36. F. Radtke, A. Wilson, G. Stark, M. Bauer, J. van Meerwijk, and H.R. MacDonald Deficient T cell fate specification in mice with an induced inactivation of Notch1 Immunity 10 1999 547 558
37. J. Plotkin, S.E. Prockop, A. Lepique, and H.T. Petrie Critical role for CXCR4 signaling in progenitor localization and T cell differentiation in the postnatal thymus J Immunol 171 2003 4521 4527
38. H. von Boehmer, I. Aifantis, O. Azogui, J. Feinberg, C. Saint-Ruf, and C. Zober Crucial function of the pre-T-cell receptor (TCR) in TCR beta selection TCR beta allelic exclusion and alpha beta versus gamma delta lineage commitment Immunol Rev 165 1998 111 119
39. H. von Boehmer, and H.J. Fehling Structure and function of the pre-T cell receptor Annu Rev Immunol 15 1997 433 452
40. A.M. Michie, and J.C. Zuniga-Pflucker Regulation of thymocyte differentiation: pre-TCR signals and beta-selection Semin Immunol 14 2002 311 323
41. A.P. Chidgey, and R.L. Boyd Thymic stromal cells and positive selection Apmis 109 2001 481 492
42. L.M. Minter, and B.A. Osborne Cell death in the thymus - it' s all a matter of contacts Semin Immunol 15 2003 135 144
43. R. Scollay, and D.I. Godfrey Thymic emigration: conveyor belts or lucky dips Immunol Today 16 1995 268 273 [Discussion 73-74]
44. M.S. Anderson, E.S. Venanzi, L. Klein, Z. Chen, S.P. Berzins, and S.J. Turley Projection of an immunological self shadow within the thymus by the AIRE protein Science 298 2002 1395 1401
45. A. Liston, S. Lesage, J. Wilson, L. Peltonen, and C.C. Goodnow AIRE regulates negative selection of organ-specific T cells Nat Immunol 4 2003 350 354
46. R.K. Chin, J.C. Lo, O. Kim, S.E. Blink, P.A. Christiansen, and P. Peterson Lymphotoxin pathway directs thymic AIRE expression Nat Immunol 4 2003 1121 1127
47. S. Zuklys, G. Balciunaite, A. Agarwal, E. Fasler-Kan, E. Palmer, and G.A. Hollander Normal thymic architecture and negative selection are associated with AIRE expression, the gene defective in the autoimmune-polyendocrinopathy- candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) J Immunol 165 2000 1976 1983
48. J. Derbinski, A. Schulte, B. Kyewski, and L. Klein Promiscuous gene expression in medullary thymic epithelial cells mirrors the peripheral self Nat Immunol 2 2001 1032 1039
49. L. Klein, B. Roettinger, and B. Kyewski Sampling of complementing self-antigen pools by thymic stromal cells maximizes the scope of central T cell tolerance Eur J Immunol 31 2001 2476 2486
50. D. Uchida, S. Hatakeyama, A. Matsushima, H. Han, S. Ishido, and H. Hotta AIRE functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase J Exp Med 199 2004 167 172
51. E.A. Robey, and P. Bousso Visualizing thymocyte motility using 2-photon microscopy Immunol Rev 195 2003 51 57
52. P. Bousso, N.R. Bhakta, R.S. Lewis, and E. Robey Dynamics of thymocyte-stromal cell interactions visualized by two-photon microscopy Science 296 2002 1876 1880
53. J. Delon, N. Bercovici, G. Raposo, R. Liblau, and A. Trautmann Antigen-dependent and -independent Ca2+ responses triggered in T cells by dendritic cells compared with B cells J Exp Med 188 1998 1473 1484
54. P.A. Negulescu, T.B. Krasieva, A. Khan, H.H. Kerschbaum, and M.D. Cahalan Polarity of T cell shape, motility, and sensitivity to antigen Immunity 4 1996 421 430
55. M. Gunzer, A. Schafer, S. Borgmann, S. Grabbe, K.S. Zanker, and E.B. Brocker Antigen presentation in extracellular matrix: interactions of T cells with dendritic cells are dynamic, short lived, and sequential Immunity 13 2000 323 332
56. D.M. Underhill, M. Bassetti, A. Rudensky, and A. Aderem Dynamic interactions of macrophages with T cells during antigen presentation J Exp Med 190 1999 1909 1914
57. M. Gunzer, P. Friedl, B. Niggemann, E.B. Brocker, E. Kampgen, and K.S. Zanker Migration of dendritic cells within 3-D collagen lattices is dependent on tissue origin, state of maturation, and matrix structure and is maintained by proinflammatory cytokines J Leukoc Biol 67 2000 622 629
58. S.K. Bromley, D.A. Peterson, M.D. Gunn, and M.L. Dustin Cutting edge: hierarchy of chemokine receptor and TCR signals regulating T cell migration and proliferation J Immunol 165 2000 15 19
59. A. Grakoui, S.K. Bromley, C. Sumen, M.M. Davis, A.S. Shaw, and P.M. Allen The immunological synapse: a molecular machine controlling T cell activation Science 285 1999 221 227
60. C.R. Monks, B.A. Freiberg, H. Kupfer, N. Sciaky, and A. Kupfer Three-dimensional segregation of supramolecular activation clusters in T cells Nature 395 1998 82 86
61. E. Hailman, W.R. Burack, A.S. Shaw, M.L. Dustin, and P.M. Allen Immature CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes form a multifocal immunological synapse with sustained tyrosine phosphorylation Immunity 16 2002 839 848
62. L.I. Richie, P.J. Ebert, L.C. Wu, M.F. Krummel, J.J. Owen, and M.M. Davis Imaging synapse formation during thymocyte selection: inability of CD3zeta to form a stable central accumulation during negative selection Immunity 16 2002 595 606
63. K.E. Chaffin, and R.M. Perlmutter A pertussis toxin-sensitive process controls thymocyte emigration Eur J Immunol 21 1991 2565 2573
64. C. Feng, K.J. Woodside, B.A. Vance, D. El-Khoury, M. Canelles, and J. Lee A potential role for CD69 in thymocyte emigration Int Immunol 14 2002 535 544
65. T. Nakayama, D.J. Kasprowicz, M. Yamashita, L.A. Schubert, G. Gillard, and M. Kimura The generation of mature, single-positive thymocytes in vivo is dysregulated by CD69 blockade or overexpression J Immunol 168 2002 87 94
66. M. Matloubian, C.G. Lo, G. Cinamon, M.J. Lesneski, Y. Xu, and V. Brinkmann Lymphocyte egress from thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs is dependent on S1P receptor 1 Nature 427 2004 355 360
67. H. Rosen, C. Alfonso, C.D. Surh, and M.G. McHeyzer-Williams Rapid induction of medullary thymocyte phenotypic maturation and egress inhibition by nanomolar sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonist Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 2003 10907 11112
68. V. Brinkmann, J.G. Cyster, and T. Hla FTY720: sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 in the control of lymphocyte egress and endothelial barrier function Am J Transplant 4 2004 1019 1025
69. S. Manes, E. Mira, C. Gomez-Mouton, R.A. Lacalle, and C. Martinez Cells on the move: a dialogue between polarization and motility IUBMB Life 49 2000 89 96
70. D.J. Kwiatkowski Functions of gelsolin: motility, signaling, apoptosis, cancer Curr Opin Cell Biol 11 1999 103 108
71. C.C. Cunningham Actin structural proteins in cell motility Cancer Metastasis Rev 11 1992 69 77
72. R. Warn, D. Brown, P. Dowrick, A. Prescott, and A. Warn Cytoskeletal changes associated with cell motility Symp Soc Exp Biol 47 1993 325 338
73. W.W. Tso, and J. Adler Negative chemotaxis in Escherichia coli J Bacteriol 118 1974 560 576
74. M.J. Ward, and D.R. Zusman Regulation of directed motility in Myxococcus xanthus Mol Microbiol 24 1997 885 893
75. M.T. Keating, and J.T. Bonner Negative chemotaxis in cellular slime molds J Bacteriol 130 1977 144 147
76. S.G. Kramer, T. Kidd, J.H. Simpson, and C.S. Goodman Switching repulsion to attraction: changing responses to slit during transition in mesoderm migration Science 292 2001 737 740
77. V.H. Hopker, D. Shewan, M. Tessier-Lavigne, M. Poo, and C. Holt Growth-cone attraction to netrin-1 is converted to repulsion by laminin-1 Nature 401 1999 69 73
78. M.C. Poznansky, I.T. Olszak, R. Foxall, R.H. Evans, A.D. Luster, and D.T. Scadden Active movement of T cells away from a chemokine Nat Med 6 2000 543 548
79. M.C. Poznansky, I.T. Olszak, R.H. Evans, Z. Wang, R.B. Foxall, and D.P. Olson Thymocyte emigration is mediated by active movement away from stroma-derived factors J Clin Invest 109 2002 1101 1110
80. H.C. Berg Princeton, New Jersey Random walks in biology 1993 Princeton University Press [Expanded ed.]
81. E.P. Bowman, J.J. Campbell, D. Soler, Z. Dong, N. Manlongat, and D. Picarella Developmental switches in chemokine response profiles during B cell differentiation and maturation J Exp Med 191 2000 1303 1318
82. C.C. Bleul, and T. Boehm Chemokines define distinct microenvironments in the developing thymus Eur J Immunol 30 2000 3371 3379
83. L.P. Bignold Measurement of chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro. The problems of the control of gradients of chemotactic factors, of the control of the cells and of the separation of chemotaxis from chemokinesis J Immunol Methods 108 1988 1 18
84. J. Kwan, and N. Killeen CCR7 directs the migration of thymocytes into the thymic medulla J Immunol 172 2004 3999 4007
85. S.L. Gares, and L.M. Pilarski Beta1-integrins control spontaneous adhesion and motility of human progenitor thymocytes and regulate differentiation-dependent expression of the receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility Scand J Immunol 50 1999 626 634
86. L.M. Pilarski, A. Masellis-Smith, A.R. Belch, B. Yang, R.C. Savani, and E.A. Turley RHAMM a receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility, on normal human lymphocytes, thymocytes and malignant B cells: a mediator in B cell malignancy Leuk Lymphoma 14 1994 363 374
87. C. Laudanna, J.Y. Kim, G. Constantin, and E. Butcher Rapid leukocyte integrin activation by chemokines Immunol Rev 186 2002 37 46
88. S.E. Prockop, S. Palencia, C.M. Ryan, K. Gordon, D. Gray, and H.T. Petrie Stromal cells provide the matrix for migration of early lymphoid progenitors through the thymic cortex J Immunol 169 2002 4354 4361
89. P. Bousso Real-time imaging of T-cell development Curr Opin Immunol 16 2004 400 405
90. M.D. Cahalan, I. Parker, S.H. Wei, and M.J. Miller Real-time imaging of lymphocytes in vivo Curr Opin Immunol 15 2003 372 377
91. S.H. Wei, M.J. Miller, M.D. Cahalan, and I. Parker Two-photon imaging in intact lymphoid tissue Adv Exp Med Biol 512 2002 203 208
92. K.H. Lee, A.R. Dinner, C. Tu, G. Campi, S. Raychaudhuri, and R. Varma The immunological synapse balances T cell receptor signaling and degradation Science 302 2003 1218 1222
93. E.A. Jares-Erijman, and T.M. Jovin FRET imaging Nat Biotechnol 21 2003 1387 1395
94. T. Zal, and N.R. Gascoigne Photobleaching-corrected FRET efficiency imaging of live cells Biophys J 86 2004 3923 3939
95. Y. Chen, J.D. Mills, and A. Periasamy Protein localization in living cells and tissues using FRET and FLIM Differentiation 71 2003 528 541
96. Y. Chen, and A. Periasamy Characterization of two-photon excitation fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy for protein localization Microsc Res Tech 63 2004 72 80
97. N.R. Gascoigne, and T. Zal Molecular interactions at the T cell-antigen-presenting cell interface Curr Opin Immunol 16 2004 114 119
98. T. Zal, M.A. Zal, and N.R. Gascoigne Inhibition of T cell receptor-coreceptor interactions by antagonist ligands visualized by live FRET imaging of the T-hybridoma immunological synapse Immunity 16 2002 521 534
99. A.J. Pelletier, L.J. van der Laan, P. Hildbrand, M.A. Siani, D.A. Thompson, and P.E. Dawson Presentation of chemokine SDF-1 alpha by fibronectin mediates directed migration of T cells Blood 96 2000 2682 2690