Real-time imaging of lymphocytes in vivo

Current Opinion in Immunology

Volumn 15, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 372-377

  Cahalan, Michael D ^a   Parker, Ian ^a   Wei, Sindy H ^a   Miller, Mark J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHEMOKINE;

ANIMAL CELL; ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELL; ARTICLE; CELL INTERACTION; CELL MIGRATION; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; EXPLANT; IMAGING SYSTEM; IN VIVO STUDY; LYMPH NODE; LYMPHOID ORGAN; MAGNETISM; NONHUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PHOTON; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; STOCHASTIC MODEL; T LYMPHOCYTE;

EID: 0042405136     PISSN: 09527915     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0952-7915(03)00079-7     Document Type: Review

References (25)

1. Gretz J.E., Anderson A.O., Shaw S. Cords, channels, corridors and conduits: critical architectural elements facilitating cell interactions in the lymph node cortex. Immunol Rev. 156:1997;11-24.
2. Gretz J.E., Norbury C.C., Anderson A.O., Proudfoot A.E., Shaw S. Lymph-borne chemokines and other low molecular weight molecules reach high endothelial venules via specialized conduits while a functional barrier limits access to the lymphocyte microenvironments in lymph node cortex. J Exp Med. 192:2000;1425-1440.
3. Cyster J.G. Chemokines and cell migration in secondary lymphoid organs. Science. 286:1999;2098-2102.
4. Jenkins M.K., Khoruts A., Ingulli E., Mueller D.L., McSorley S.J., Reinhardt R.L., Itano A., Paper K.A. In vivo activation of antigen-specific CD4 T cells. Annu Rev Immunol. 19:2001;23-45.
5. Grakoui A., Bromley S.K., Sumen C., Davis M.M., Shaw A.S., Allen P.M., Dustin M.L. The immunological synapse: a molecular machine controlling T cell activation. Science. 285:1999;221-227.
6. Dustin M.L., de Fougerolles A.R. Reprogramming T cells: the role of extracellular matrix in coordination of T cell activation and migration. Curr Opin Immunol. 13:2001;286-290.
7. Dustin M.L., Allen P.M., Shaw A.S. Environmental control of immunological synapse formation and duration. Trends Immunol. 22:2001;192-194.
8. Gunzer M., Schafer A., Borgmann S., Grabbe S., Zanker K.S., Brocker E.B., Kampgen E., Friedl P. Antigen presentation in extracellular matrix: interactions of T cells with dendritic cells are dynamic, short lived, and sequential. Immunity. 13:2000;323-332.
9. Kantele J.M., Kurk S., Juntila M.A. Effects of continuous exposure to stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha on T cell rolling and tight adhesion to monolayers of activated endothelial cells. J Immunol. 164:2000;5035-5040.
10. Bousso P., Bhakta N.R., Lewis R.S., Robey E. Dynamics of thymocyte-stromal cell interactions visualized by two-photon microscopy. Science. 296:2002;1876-1880 Two-photon microscopy was employed to image motility of and interactions between thymocytes and stromal cells in a reaggregated thymic organ culture system during positive selection.
11. Hommel M., Kyewski B. Dynamic changes during the immune response in T cell-antigen-presenting cell clusters isolated from lymph nodes. J Exp Med. 197:2003;269-280.
12. Poznansky M.C., Evans R.H., Foxall R.B., Olszak I.T., Piascik A.H., Hartman K.E., Brander C., Meyer T.H., Pykett M.J., Chabner K.T.et al. Efficient generation of human T cells from a tissue-engineered thymic organoid. Nat Biotechnol. 18:2000;729-734.
13. Tan J.T., Dudl E., LeRoy E., Murray R., Sprent J., Weinberg K.I., Surh C.D. IL-7 is critical for homeostatic proliferation and survival of naive T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 98:2001;8732-8737.
14. Miller M.J., Wei S.H., Parker I., Cahalan M.D. Two-photon imaging of lymphocyte motility and dynamic antigen responses in intact lymph node. Science. 296:2002;1869-1873 This paper introduces two-photon microscopy to examine lymphocyte motility and antigen responses in an explanted lymph node preparation. Highly motile T and B cells were observed and shown to have differing velocities in their respective compartments. Changes in response to antigen included T-cell enlargement, formation of stable clusters and swarms, and a resumption of vigorous motility following cell division.
15. Stoll S., Delon J., Brotz T.M., Germain R.N. Dynamic imaging of T cell-dendritic cell interactions in lymph nodes. Science. 296:2002;1873-1876 Confocal imaging was used to image T cells interacting with DCs in explanted lymph node cultures. Naïve T cells were reportedly immotile, and stable conjugates between T cells and APCs were observed.
16. Contag C.H., Bachmann M.H. Advances in in vivo bioluminescence imaging of gene expression. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 4:2002;235-260.
17. Dodd S.J., Williams M., Suhan J.P., Williams D.S., Koretsky A.P., Ho C. Detection of single mammalian cells by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Biophys J. 76:1999;103-109.
18. Dubey P., Su H., Adonai N., Du S., Rosato A., Braun J., Gambhir S.S., Witte O.N. Quantitative imaging of the T cell antitumor response by positron-emission tomography. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 100:2003;1232-1237.
19. Cahalan M.D., Parker I., Wei S.H., Miller M.J. Two photon tissue imaging: seeing the immune response in a fresh light. Nature Reviews Immunology. 2:2002;872-880 This review provides a technical description and a comparison of two-photon and confocal imaging methods applied to the immune system.
20. Wei S.H., Miller M.J., Cahalan M.D., Parker I. Two-photon imaging in intact lymphoid tissue. Adv Exp Med Biol. 512:2002;203-208.
21. von Andrian U.H. Immunology. T cell activation in six dimensions. Science. 296:2002;1815-1817.
22. Delon J., Stoll S., Germain R.N. Imaging of T-cell interactions with antigen presenting cells in culture and in intact lymphoid tissue. Immunol Rev. 189:2002;51-63.
23. Caldwell C.C., Kojima H., Lukashev D., Armstrong J., Farber M., Apasov S.G., Sitkovsky M.V. Differential effects of physiologically relevant hypoxic conditions on T lymphocyte development and effector functions. J Immunol. 167:2001;6140-6149.
24. Miller M.M., Wei S.H., Parker I., Cahalan M.D. Autonomous T cell trafficking examined in vivo using intravital two-photon microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 100:2003;2604-2609 The combination of two-photon microscopy with an intravital preparation allowed naïve T cells to be tracked inside the inguinal lymph node of an anesthetized mouse. T-cell migration was randomly distributed in three dimensions, leading to the suggestion that the default antigen recognition algorithm consists of an autonomous random walk through the T-cell zone.
25. + T cells, in an explanted lymph node preparation. T cells made stable, long-lasting contacts with antigen-pulsed DCs, rather than a series of short contacts.