Ectopic Expression of Mammalian Olfactory Receptors

Springer Handbooks

Volumn , Issue , 2017, Pages 83-84

  Veitinger, Sophie ^a   Hatt, Hanns ^a  

^a RUHR UNIVERSITY BOCHUM   (Germany)

Author keywords

Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Olfactory Epithelium; Olfactory Receptor; Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid; Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type

Indexed keywords

EID: 85070842079     PISSN: 25228692     EISSN: 25228706     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-26932-0_33     Document Type: Chapter

References (140)

1. L. Buck, R. Axel: A novel multigene family may encode odorant receptors: A molecular basis for odor recognition, Cell 65, 175–187 (1991)
2. M. Parmentier, F. Libert, S. Schurmans, S. Schiff-mann, A. Lefort, D. Eggerickx, C. Ledent, C. Mollereau, C. Gérard, J. Perret: Expression of members of the putative olfactory receptor gene family in mammalian germ cells, Nature 355, 453–455 (1992)
3. E. Feldmesser, T. Olender, M. Khen, I. Yanai, R. Ophir, D. Lancet: Widespread ectopic expression of olfactory receptor genes, BMC Genomics 7, 121 (2006)
4. C. Flegel, S. Manteniotis, S. Osthold, H. Hatt, G. Gisselmann: Expression profile of ectopic olfactory receptors determined by deep sequencing, PLoS One 8(2), e55368 (2013)
5. O. De La Cruz, R. Blekhman, X. Zhang, D. Nicolae, S. Firestein, Y. Gilad: A signature of evolutionary constraint on a subset of ectopically expressed olfactory receptor genes, Mol. Biol. Evol. 26, 491– 494 (2009)
6. X. Zhang, M. Rogers, H. Tian, X. Zhang, D.-J. Zou, J. Liu, M. Ma, G.M. Shepherd, S.J. Firestein: High-throughput microarray detection of olfactory receptor gene expression in the mouse, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 101, 14168–14173 (2004)
7. X. Zhang, O. De la Cruz, J.M. Pinto, D. Nicolae, S. Firestein, Y. Gilad: Characterizing the expression of the human olfactory receptor gene family using a novel DNA microarray, Genome Biol. 8, R86 (2007)
8. H. Asai, H. Kasai, Y. Matsuda, N. Yamazaki, F. Na-gawa, H. Sakano, A. Tsuboi: Genomic structure and transcription of a murine odorant receptor gene: Differential initiation of transcription in the olfactory and testicular cells, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 221, 240–247 (1996)
9. A. Branscomb, J. Seger, R.L. White: Evolution of odorant receptors expressed in mammalian testes, Genetics 156, 785–797 (2000)
10. E. Linardopoulou, H.C. Mefford, O. Nguyen, C. Friedman, G. van den Engh, D.G. Farwell, M. Coltrera, B.J. Trask: Transcriptional activity of multiple copies of a subtelomerically located olfactory receptor gene that is polymorphic in number and location, Hum. Mol. Genet. 10, 2373–2383 (2001)
11. M. Thomas, S. Haines, R.A. Akeson: Chemoreceptors expressed in taste, olfactory and male reproductive tissues, Gene 178, 1–5 (1996)
12. P. Vanderhaeghen, S. Schurmans, G. Vassart, M. Parmentier: Olfactory receptors are displayed on dog mature sperm cells, J. Cell Biol. 123, 1441– 1452 (1993)
13. P. Vanderhaeghen, S. Schurmans, G. Vassart, M. Parmentier: Specific repertoire of olfactory receptor genes in the male germ cells of several mammalian species, Genomics 39, 239–246 (1997)
14. P. Vanderhaeghen, S. Schurmans, G. Vassart, M. Parmentier: Molecular cloning and chromosomal mapping of olfactory receptor genes expressed in the male germ line: Evidence for their wide distribution in the human genome, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 237, 283–287 (1997)
15. A. Volz, A. Ehlers, R. Younger, S. Forbes, J. Trows-dale, D. Schnorr, S. Beck, A. Ziegle: Complex transcription and splicing of odorant receptor genes, J. Biol. Chem. 278, 19691–19701 (2003)
16. L.D. Walensky, A.J. Roskams, R.J. Lefkowitz, S.H. Snyder, G.V. Ronnett: Odorant receptors and desensitization proteins colocalize in mammalian sperm, Mol. Med. 1, 130–141 (1995)
17. 0-splicing, J. Biol. Chem. 273, 9378–9387 (1998)
18. A. Ziegler, G. Dohr, B. Uchanska-Ziegler: Possible roles for products of polymorphic MHC and linked olfactory receptor genes during selection processes in reproduction, Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 48, 34–42 (2002)
19. A. Ichimura, T. Kadowaki, K. Narukawa, K. Togiya, A. Hirasawa, G. Tsujimoto: In silico approach to identify the expression of the undiscovered molecules from microarray public database: Identification of odorant receptors expressed in non-olfactory tissues, Naunyn. Schmiedebergs. Arch. Pharmacol. 377, 159–165 (2008)
20. S. Serizawa, K. Miyamichi, H. Sakano: One neu-ron-one receptor rule in the mouse olfactory system, Trends Genet. 20, 648–653 (2004)
21. T. Braun, P. Voland, L. Kunz, C. Prinz, M. Gratzl: Enterochromaffin cells of the human gut: Sensors for spices and odorants, Gastroenterology 132, 1890–1901 (2007)
22. D. Busse, P. Kudella, N.-M. Grüning, G. Gisselmann, S. Ständer, T. Luger, F. Jacobsen, L. Stein-sträßer, R. Paus, P. Gkogkolou, M. Böhm, H. Hatt, H. Benecke: A synthetic sandalwood odorant induces wound healing processes in human keratinocytes via the olfactory receptor OR2AT4, J. Invest. Dermatol 134(11), 2823–2832 (2014)
23. N. Fukuda, K. Yomogida, M. Okabe, K. Touhara: Functional characterization of a mouse testicular olfactory receptor and its role in chemosensing and in regulation of sperm motility, J. Cell Sci. 117, 5835–5845 (2004)
24. D. Maßberg, A. Simon, D. Häussinger, V. Keitel, G. Gisselmann, H. Conrad, H. Hatt: Monoterpene (-)-citronellal affects hepatocarcinoma cell signaling via an olfactory receptor, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 566, 100–109 (2015)
25. C in mouse sertoli cells, J. Physiol. 589(21), 5033–5055 (2011)
26. 2C dynamics correlate with diverse behavioral phenotypes in human sperm, J. Biol. Chem. 286, 17311–17325 (2011)
27. W. Zhao, L. Ho, M. Varghese, S. Yemul, K. Dams-O’Connor, W. Gordon, L. Knable, D. Freire, V. Haroutunian, G.M. Pasinetti: Decreased level of olfactory receptors in blood cells following traumatic brain injury and potential association with tauopathy, J. Alzheimers Dis. 34, 417–429 (2013)
28. N. Fukuda, K. Touhara: Developmental expression patterns of testicular olfactory receptor genes during mouse spermatogenesis, Genes to Cells 11, 71–81 (2006)
29. J.M. Otaki, H. Yamamoto, S. Firestein: Odorant receptor expression in the mouse cerebral cortex, J. Neurobiol. 58, 315–327 (2004)
30. F. Rodríguez-Trelles, R. Tarrío, F.J. Ayala: Is ectopic expression caused by deregulatory mutations or due to gene-regulation leaks with evolutionary potential?, BioEssays 27, 592–601 (2005)
31. Ł. Durzyński, J.C. Gaudin, M. Myga, J. Szydłowski, A. Goździcka-Józefiak, T. Haertlé: Olfactory-like receptor cDNAs are present in human lingual cDNA libraries, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 333, 264–272 (2005)
32. S. Itakura, K. Ohno, T. Ueki, K. Sato, N. Kanayama: Expression of Golf in the rat placenta: Possible implication in olfactory receptor transduction, Placenta 27, 103–108 (2006)
33. G. Drutel, J. Arrang, J. Diaz, C. Wisnewsky, K. Schwartz, J. Schwartz: Cloning of OL1, a putative olfactory receptor and its expression in the developing rat heart, Recept. Channels 3, 33–40 (1995)
34. P. Blache, L. Gros, G. Salazar, D. Bataille: Cloning and tissue distribution of a new rat olfactory receptor-like (OL2), Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 242, 669–672 (1998)
35. S. Nef, P. Nef: Olfaction: Transient expression of a putative odorant receptor in the avian noto-chord, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 94, 4766–4771 (1997)
36. W.J. Dreyer: The area code hypothesis revisited: Olfactory receptors and other related transmem-brane receptors may function as the last digits in a cell surface code for assembling embryos, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95, 9072–9077 (1998)
37. W.J. Dreyer, J. Roman-Dreyer: Cell-surface area codes: Mobile-element related gene switches generate precise and heritable cell-surface displays of address molecules that are used for constructing embryos, Genetica 107, 249–259 (1999)
38. P. Mombaerts: Targeting olfaction, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 6, 481–486 (1996)
39. P. Mombaerts, F. Wang, C. Dulac, S.K. Chao, A. Nemes, M. Mendelsohn, J. Edmondson, R. Axel: Visualizing an olfactory sensory map, Cell 87, 675– 686 (1996)
40. M. Spehr, G. Gisselmann, A. Poplawski, J.A. Riffell, C.H. Wetzel, R.K. Zimmer, H. Hatt: Identification of a testicular odorant receptor mediating human sperm chemotaxis, Science 299, 2054–2058 (2003)
41. C.A. Griffin, K.A. Kafadar, G.K. Pavlath: MOR23 promotes muscle regeneration and regulates cell adhesion and migration, Dev. Cell 17, 649–661 (2009)
42. T. Goto, A. Salpekar, M. Monk: Expression of a testis-specific member of the olfactory receptor gene family in human primordial germ cells, Mol, Hum. Reprod. 7, 553–558 (2001)
43. M. Kidd, I.M. Modlin, B.I. Gustafsson, I. Droz-dov, O. Hauso, R. Pfragner: Luminal regulation of normal and neoplastic human EC cell serotonin release is mediated by bile salts, amines, tas-tants, and olfactants, Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 295, G260–G272 (2008)
44. I. Kaji, S. Karaki, A. Kuwahara: Effects of luminal thymol on epithelial transport in human and rat colon, Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol 300, G1132–G1143 (2011)
45. S.D. Primeaux, H.D. Braymer, G.A. Bray: High fat diet differentially regulates the expression of olfactory receptors in the duodenum of obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats, Dig. Dis. Sci. 58, 72–76 (2013)
46. A.C. Sondersorg, D. Busse, J. Kyereme, M. Rother-mel, G. Neufang, G. Gisselmann, H. Hatt, H. Conrad: Chemosensory information processing between keratinocytes and trigeminal neurons, J. Biol. Chem. 289, 17529–17540 (2014)
47. J.L. Pluznick: Renal and cardiovascular sensory receptors and blood pressure regulation, Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol. 305, F439–F444 (2013)
48. J.L. Pluznick, D.-J. Zou, X. Zhang, Q. Yan, D.J. Ro-driguez-Gil, C. Eisner, E. Wells, C.A. Greer, T. Wang, S. Firestein, J. Schnermann, M.J. Caplan: Functional expression of the olfactory signaling system in the kidney, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 106, 2059– 2064 (2009)
49. J.L. Pluznick, R.J. Protzko, H. Gevorgyan, Z. Peter-lin, A. Sipos, J. Han: Olfactory receptor responding to gut microbiota-derived signals plays a role in renin secretion and blood pressure regulation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 110, 4410–4415 (2013)
50. T. Cui, A.V. Tsolakis, S.C. Li, J.L. Cunningham, T. Lind, K. Öberg, V. Giandomenico: Olfactory receptor 51E1 protein as a potential novel tissue biomarker for small intestine neuroendocrine carcinomas, Eur. J. Endocrinol 168, 253–261 (2013)
51. S. Fuessel, B. Weigle, U. Schmidt, G. Baretton, R. Koch, M. Bachmann, E.P. Rieber, M.P. Wirth, A. Meye: Transcript quantification of Dresden G protein-coupled receptor (D-GPCR) in primary prostate cancer tissue pairs, Cancer Lett. 236, 95– 104 (2006)
52. V. Giandomenico, T. Cui, L. Grimelius, K. Öberg, G. Pelosi, A.V. Tsolakis: Olfactory receptor 51E1 as a novel target for diagnosis in somatostatin receptor-negative lung carcinoids, J. Mol. Endocrinol. 51, 277–286 (2013)
53. B. Weigle, S. Fuessel, R. Ebner, A. Temme, M. Schmitz, S. Schwind, A. Kiessling, M.A. Rieger, A. Meye, M. Bachmann, M.P. Wirth, E.P. Rieber: D-GPCR: A novel putative G protein-coupled receptor over expressed in prostate cancer and prostate, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 322, 239–249 (2004)
54. J. Weng, J. Wang, X. Hu, F. Wang, M. Ittmann, M. Liu: PSGR2, a novel G-protein coupled receptor, is overexpressed in human prostate cancer, Int. J. Cancer 118, 1471–1480 (2006)
55. C. Xia, W. Ma, F. Wang, S. Hua, M. Liu: Identification of a prostate-specific G-protein coupled receptor in prostate cancer, Oncogene 20, 5903– 5907 (2001)
56. L.L. Xu, B.G. Stackhouse, K. Florence, W. Zhang, N. Shanmugam, I.A. Sesterhenn, Z. Zou, V. Srikan-tan, M. Augustus, V. Roschke, K. Carter, D.G. Mc Leod, J.W. Moul, D. SoppcH, S. Srivastava: PSGR, a novel prostate-specific gene with homology to a G protein-coupled receptor, is overexpressed in prostate cancer receptor, Cancer Res. 60(23), 6568–6572 (2000)
57. L.L. Xu, C. Sun, G. Petrovics, M. Makarem, B. Fu-rusato, W. Zhang, I.A. Sesterhenn, D.G. McLeod, L. Sun, J.W. Moul, S. Srivastra: Quantitative expression profile of PSGR in prostate cancer, Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 9, 56–61 (2006)
58. E.M. Neuhaus, W. Zhang, L. Gelis, Y. Deng, J. Noldus, H. Hatt: Activation of an olfactory receptor inhibits proliferation of prostate cancer cells, J. Biol. Chem. 284, 16218–16225 (2009)
59. M. Rigau, J. Morote, M.C. Mir, C. Ballesteros, I. Ortega, A. Sanchez, E. Colás, M. Garcia, A. Ruiz, M. Abal, J. Planas, J. Reventós, A. Doll: PSGR and PCA3 as biomarkers for the detection of prostate cancer in urine, Prostate 70, 1760–1767 (2010)
60. S. Matsueda, M. Wang, J. Weng, Y. Li, B. Yin, J. Zou, Q. Li, W. Zhao, W. Peng, X. Legras, C. Loo, R.F. Wang, H.Y. Wang: Identification of prostate-specific G-protein coupled receptor as a tumor antigen recognized by CD8C T cells for cancer im-munotherapy, PLoS One 7(9), e45756 (2012)
61. M. Rodriguez, W. Luo, J. Weng, L. Zeng, Z. Yi, S. Siwko, M. Liu: PSGR promotes prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer xenograft growth through NF-B, Oncogenesis 3, e114 (2014)
62. A.M. Brodie, W.M. Garrett, J.R. Hendrickson, C.H. Tsai-Morris, J.G. Williams: 1. Estrogen antagonists. Aromatase inhibitors, their pharmacology and application, J. Steroid Biochem. 19, 53–58 (1983)
63. R.E. Duncan, D. Lau, A. El-Sohemy, M.C. Archer: Geraniol and ˇ-ionone inhibit proliferation, cell cycle progression, and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells independent of effects on HMG-CoA reductase activity, Biochem. Pharmacol 68, 1739–1747 (2004)
64. C. Elson, D. Peffley, P. Hentosh, H. Mo: Isoprenoid-mediated inhibition of mevalonate synthesis: Potential application to cancer, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 221, 294–311 (1999)
65. J.-R. Liu, X.-R. Sun, H.-W. Dong, C.-H. Sun, W.-G. Sun, B.-Q. Chen, Y.-Q. Song, B.-F. Yang: Beta-Ionone suppresses mammary carcinogene-sis, proliferative activity and induces apoptosis in the mammary gland of the Sprague–Dawley rat, Int, J, Cancer 122, 2689–2698 (2008)
66. H. Mo, C.E. Elson: Apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in human and murine tumor cells are initiated by isoprenoids, J. Nutr. 129, 804–813 (1999)
67. G. Sanz, I. Leray, A. Dewaele, J. Sobilo, S. Lerondel, S. Bouet, D. Grébert, R. Monnerie, E. Pajot-Augy, L.M. Mir: Promotion of cancer cell invasiveness and metastasis emergence caused by olfactory receptor stimulation, PLoS One 9(1), e85110 (2014)
68. A.C. Cunha, B. Weigle, A. Kiessling, M. Bachmann, E.P. Rieber: Tissue-specificity of prostate specific antigens: Comparative analysis of transcript levels in prostate and non-prostatic tissues, Cancer Lett. 236, 229–238 (2006)
69. T.T.T. Yuan, P. Toy, J.A. McClary, R.J. Lin, N.G. Miyamoto, P.J. Kretschmer: Cloning and genetic characterization of an evolutionarily conserved human olfactory receptor that is differentially expressed across species, Gene 278, 41–51 (2001)
70. J. Leja, A. Essaghir, M. Essand, K. Wester, K. Oberg, T.H. Tötterman, R. Lloyd, G. Vasmatzis, J.-B. De-moulin, V. Giandomenico: Novel markers for enterochromaffin cells and gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinomas, Mod. Pathol. 22, 261–272 (2009)
71. C. Wu, Y. Jia, J.H. Lee, Y. Kim, S. Sekharan, V.S. Batista, S.-J. Lee: Activation of OR1A1 suppresses PPAR- expression by inducing HES-1 in cultured hepatocytes, Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 64, 75–80 (2015)
72. L. Xu, H. Tang, D.W. Chen, A.K. El-Naggar, P. Wei, E.M. Sturgis: Genome-wide association study identifies common genetic variants associated with salivary gland carcinoma and its subtypes, Cancer 121(14), 2367–2374 (2015)
73. X. Zhang, A.V. Bedigian, W. Wang, U.S. Eggert: G protein-coupled receptors participate in cytoki-nesis, Cytoskeleton 69, 810–818 (2012)
74. S.W. Edwards, C.M. Tan, L.E. Limbird: Localization of G-protein-coupled receptors in health and disease, Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 21, 304–308 (2000)
75. R. Lappano, M. Maggiolini: GPCRs and cancer, Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 33, 351–362 (2012)
76. M. O’Hayre, M.S. Degese, J.S. Gutkind: Novel insights into G protein and G protein-coupled receptor signaling in cancer, Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 27, 126–135 (2014)
77. B.A. Teicher: Targets in small cell lung cancer, Biochem. Pharmacol. 87, 211–219 (2014)
78. B. Ansoleaga, P. Garcia-Esparcia, F. Llorens, J. Moreno, E. Aso, I. Ferrer: Dysregulation of brain olfactory and taste receptors in AD, PSP and CJD, and AD-related model, Neuroscience 248, 369– 382 (2013)
79. P. Garcia-Esparcia, A. Schlüter, M. Carmona, J. Moreno, B. Ansoleaga, B. Torrejón-Escribano, S. Gustincich, A. Pujol, I. Ferrer: Functional genomics reveals dysregulation of cortical olfactory receptors in Parkinson disease: Novel putative chemoreceptors in the human brain, J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 72, 524–539 (2013)
80. J. Ho, J.M. Perez-Aguilar, L. Gao, J.G. Saven, H. Matsunami, R.G. Eckenhoff: Molecular recognition of ketamine by a subset of olfactory G protein–coupled receptors, Sci. Signal 8(370), ra33 (2015)
81. J. Weng, W. Ma, D. Mitchell, J. Zhang, M. Liu: Regulation of human prostate-specific G-protein coupled receptor, PSGR, by two distinct promoters and growth factors, J. Cell. Biochem. 96, 1034– 1048 (2005)
82. J. Weng, J. Wang, Y. Cai, L.J. Stafford, D. Mitchell, M. Ittmann, M. Liu: Increased expression of prostate-specific G-protein-coupled receptor in human prostate intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancers, Int. J. Cancer 113, 811–818 (2005)
83. J. Spehr, L. Gelis, M. Osterloh, S. Oberland, H. Hatt, M. Spehr, E.M. Neuhaus: G protein-coupled receptor signaling via Src kinase induces endogenous human transient receptor potential vanilloid type 6 (TRPV6) channel activation, J. Biol. Chem. 286, 13184–13192 (2011)
84. H. Wiese, L. Gelis, S. Wiese, C. Reichenbach, N. Jo-vancevic, M. Osterloh, H.E. Meyer, E.M. Neuhaus, H.H. Hatt, G. Radziwill, B. Warscheid: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals the protein tyrosine kinase Pyk2 as a central effector of olfactory receptor signaling in prostate cancer cells, Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Proteins Proteomics 1854, 632– 640 (2015)
85. J. Mao, X. Zhang, P.T. Sieli, M.T. Falduto, K.E. Torres, C.S. Rosenfeld: Contrasting effects of different maternal diets on sexually dimorphic gene expression in the murine placenta, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 107, 5557–5562 (2010)
86. N. Kang, Y.Y. Bahk, N. Lee, Y. Jae, Y.H. Cho, C.R. Ku, Y. Byun, E.J. Lee, M.-S. Kim, J. Koo: Olfactory receptor Olfr544 responding to azelaic acid regulates glucagon secretion in ˛-cells of mouse pancreatic islets, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 460, 616–621 (2015)
87. K. Raming, S. Konzelmann, H. Breer: Identification of a novel G-protein coupled receptor expressed in distinct brain regions and a defined olfactory zone, Recept. channels 6, 141–151 (1998)
88. K. Abe, Y. Kusakabe, K. Tanemura, Y. Emori, S. Arai: Primary structure and cell-type specific expression of a gustatory G protein-coupled receptor related to olfactory receptors, J. Biol. Chem. 268, 12033–12039 (1993)
89. J.C. Gaudin, L. Breuils, T. Haertlé: New GPCRs from a human lingual cDNA library, Chem. Senses 26, 1157–1166 (2001)
90. J.C. Gaudin, L. Breuils, T. Haertlé: Mouse orthologs of human olfactory-like receptors expressed in the tongue, Gene 381, 42–48 (2006)
91. N. Kang, H. Kim, Y. Jae, N. Lee, C.R. Ku, F. Mar-golis, E.J. Lee, Y.Y. Bahk, M.-S. Kim, J. Koo: Olfactory marker protein expression is an indicator of olfactory receptor-associated events in non-olfactory tissues, PLoS One 10, e0116097 (2015)
92. N. Ferrand, M. Pessah, S. Frayon, J. Marais, J.M. Garel: Olfactory receptors, Golf alpha and adenylyl cyclase mRNA expressions in the rat heart during ontogenic development, J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 31, 1137–1142 (1999)
93. M. Weber, U. Pehl, H. Breer, J. Strotmann: Olfactory receptor expressed in Ganglia of the autonomic nervous system, J. Neurosci. Res. 68, 176–184 (2002)
94. S.-H. Kim, Y.C. Yoon, A.S. Lee, N. Kang, J. Koo, M.R. Rhyu, J.-H. Park: Expression of human olfactory receptor 10J5 in heart aorta, coronary artery, and endothelial cells and its functional role in angiogenesis, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 460, 404–408 (2015)
95. E.A. Feingold, L.A. Penny, A.W. Nienhuis, B.G. Forget: An olfactory receptor gene is located in the extended human-globin gene cluster and is expressed in erythroid cells, Genomics 61(1), 15–23 (1999)
96. A. Malki, J. Fiedler, K. Fricke, I. Ballweg, M.W. Pfaffl, D. Krautwurst: Class I odorant receptors, TAS1R and TAS2R taste receptors, are markers for subpopulations of circulating leukocytes, J. Leukoc. Biol. 97, 533–545 (2015)
97. J.J. Li, H.L. Tay, M. Plank, A.T. Essilfie, P.M. Hans-bro, P.S. Foster, M. Yang: Activation of olfactory receptors on mouse pulmonary macrophages promotes monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production, PLoS One 8(11), e80148 (2013)
98. X. Gu, P.H. Karp, S.L. Brody, R.A. Pierce, M.J. Welsh, M.J. Holtzman, Y. Ben-Shahar: Chemosensory functions for pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 50, 637–646 (2014)
99. S. Conzelmann, O. Levai, B. Bode, U. Eisel, K. Raming, H. Breer, J. Strotmann: A novel brain receptor is expressed in a distinct population of olfactory sensory neurons, Eur. J. Neurosci 12, 3926–3934 (2000)
100. S. Manteniotis, R. Lehmann, C. Flegel, F. Vogel, A. Hofreuter, B.S.P. Schreiner, J. Altmüller, C. Becker, N. Schöbel, H. Hatt, G. Gisselmann: Comprehensive RNA-Seq expression analysis of sensory ganglia with a focus on ion channels and GPCRs in trigeminal ganglia, PLoS One 8(11), e79523 (2013)
101. H. Hatt, G. Gisselmann, C.H. Wetzel: Cloning, functional expression and characterization of a human olfactory receptor, Cell Mol Biol 45, 285– 291 (1999)
102. H. Saito, Q. Chi, H. Zhuang, H. Matsunami, J.D. Mainland: Odor coding by a Mammalian receptor repertoire, Sci. Signal. 2(60), ra9 (2009)
103. C.H. Wetzel, M. Oles, C. Wellerdieck, M. Kuczkowiak, G. Gisselmann, H. Hatt: Specificity and sensitivity of a human olfactory receptor functionally expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and Xenopus laevis oocytes, J. Neurosci. 19, 7426–7433 (1999)
104. J.C. Sacchettini, C.D. Poulter: Creating isoprenoid diversity, Sci 277, 1788–1789 (1997)
105. W. Jäger, G. Buchbauer, M. Jirovetz, M. Fritzer: Percutaneous absorption of lavender oil from a massage oil, J.Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 43, 49–54 (1992)
106. J. Beauchamp, F. Kirsch, A. Buettner: Real-time breath gas analysis for pharmacokinetics: Monitoring exhaled breath by on-line proton-trans-fer-reaction mass spectrometry after ingestion of eucalyptol-containing capsules, J. Breath Res. 4(2), 026006 (2010)
107. F. Kirsch, A. Buettner: Characterisation of the Metabolites of 1,8-cineole transferred into human milk: Concentrations and ratio of enantiomers, Metabolites 3, 47–71 (2013)
108. M.L. Pelchat, C. Bykowski, F.F. Duke, D.R. Reed: Excretion and perception of a characteristic odor in urine after asparagus ingestion: A psychophysical and genetic study, Chem. Senses 36, 9–17 (2011)
109. M. Wagenstaller, A. Buettner: Characterization of odorants in human urine using a combined chemo-analytical and human-sensory approach: A potential diagnostic strategy, Metabolomics 9, 9–20 (2013)
110. M. Wagenstaller, A. Buettner: Quantitative determination of common urinary odorants and their glucuronide conjugates in human urine, Metabolites 3, 637–657 (2013)
111. M. Bugaut: Occurrence, absorption and metabolism of short chain fatty acids in the digestive tract of mammals, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part B Comp. Biochem. 86, 439–472 (1987)
112. K.M. Maslowski, A.T. Vieira, A. Ng, J. Kranich, F. Sierro, D. Yu, H.C. Schilter, M.S. Rolph, F. Mackay, D. Artis, R.J. Xavier, M.M. Teixeira, C.R. Mackay: Regulation of inflammatory responses by gut microbiota and chemoattractant receptor GPR43, Nature 461(7268), 1282–1286 (2009)
113. T.L. Born, J.S. Blanchard: Structure/function studies on enzymes in the diaminopimelate pathway of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis, Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 3, 607–613 (1999)
114. N. Triballeau, E. Van Name, G. Laslier, D. Cai, G. Paillard, P.W. Sorensen, R. Hoffmann, H.O. Bertrand, J. Ngai, F.C. Acher: High-po-tency olfactory receptor agonists discovered by virtual high-throughput screening: Molecular probes for receptor structure and olfactory function, Neuron 60, 767–774 (2008)
115. C. Hartmann, A. Triller, M. Spehr, R. Dittrich, H. Hatt, A. Buettner: Sperm-activating odorous substances in human follicular fluid and vaginal secretion: Identification by gas chromatography– olfactometry and Ca2C imaging, Chempluschem 78, 695–702 (2013)
116. A. Keller, H. Zhuang, Q. Chi, L.B. Vosshall, H. Matsunami: Genetic variation in a human odorant receptor alters odour perception, Nature 449, 468–472 (2007)
117. R. Claus, W. Alsing: Occurrence of 5-androst-16en-3-one, a boar pheromone, in man and its relationship to testosterone, J. Endocrinol. 68, 483–484 (1976)
118. D.B. Gower, K.T. Holland, A.L. Mallet, P.J. Rennie, W.J. Watkins: Comparison of 16-androstene steroid concentrations in sterile apocrine sweat and axillary secretions: Interconversions of 16-androstenes by the axillary microflora – A mechanism for axillary odour production in man?, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 48, 409–418 (1994)
119. S. Bird, D. Gower: Estimation of the odorous steroid 5-alpha-androst-16-en-3-one in human saliva, Experientia 39, 790–792 (1983)
120. C. Hartmann, F. Mayenzet, J.-P. Larcinese, O.P. Haefliger, A. Buettner, C. Starkenmann: Development of an analytical approach for identification and quantification of 5-˛-androst-16-en-3-one in human milk, Steroids 78, 156–160 (2013)
121. T. Kwan, D. Trafford, H. Makin, A. Mallet, D. Gower: GC–MS studies of 16-androstenes and other C19 steroids in human semen, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 43, 549–556 (1992)
122. N. Kanageswaran, M. Demond, M. Nagel, B.S.P. Schreiner, S. Baumgart, P. Scholz, J. Altmüller, C. Becker, J.F. Doerner, H. Conrad, S. Oberland, C.H. Wetzel, E.M. Neuhaus, H. Hatt, G. Gisselmann: Deep sequencing of the murine olfactory receptor neuron transcriptome, PLoS One 10, e0113170 (2015)
123. S. Frayon, M. Pessah, M.H. Giroix, D. Mercan, C. Boissard, W.J. Malaisse, B. Portha, J.M. Garel: Galphaolf identification by RT-PCR in purified normal pancreatic B cells and in islets from rat models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 254, 269–272 (1999)
124. D. Hervé, M. Lévi-Strauss, I. Marey-Semper, C. Verney, J.P. Tassin, J. Glowinski, J.A. Girault: G(olf) and Gs in rat basal ganglia: Possible involvement of G(olf) in the coupling of dopamine D1 receptor with adenylyl cyclase, J. Neurosci. 13, 2237–2248 (1993)
125. J.C. Corvol, J.M. Studler, J.S. Schonn, J.A. Girault, D. Hervé: G˛olf is necessary for coupling D1 and A2a receptors to adenylyl cyclase in the striatum, J. Neurochem 76, 1585–1588 (2001)
126. K.B. Jourdan, N.A. Mason, L.U. Long, P.G. Philips, M.R. Wilkins, N.W. Morrell, B. Karen, L. Long, G. Philips: Characterization of adenylyl cyclase isoforms in rat peripheral pulmonary arteries, Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 280(6), 1359–1369 (2001)
127. S.R. Foster, E. Roura, W.G. Thomas: Extrasensory perception: Odorant and taste receptors beyond the nose and mouth, Pharmacol. Ther. 142, 41–61 (2014)
128. D.C.J.B.P. Gonzalez-Kristeller: do Nascimento, P.A.F. Galante, B. Malnic: Identification of agonists for a group of human odorant receptors, Front. Pharmacol. 6, 35 (2015)
129. K. Nara, L.R. Saraiva, X. Ye, L.B. Buck: A large-scale analysis of odor coding in the olfactory epithelium, J. Neurosci. 31, 9179–9191 (2011)
130. G. Sanz, C. Schlegel, J.C. Pernollet, L. Briand: Comparison of odorant specificity of two human olfactory receptors from different phylogenetic classes and evidence for antagonism, Chem. Senses 30, 69–80 (2005)
131. V. Jacquier, H. Pick, H. Vogel: Characterization of an extended receptive ligand repertoire of the human olfactory receptor OR17-40 comprising structurally related compounds, J. Neurochem 97, 537–544 (2006)
132. Y. Oka, A. Nakamura, H. Watanabe, K. Touhara: An odorant derivative as an antagonist for an olfactory receptor, Chem. Senses 29, 815–822 (2004)
133. R.C. Araneda, A.D. Kini, S. Firestein: The molecular receptive range of an odorant receptor, Nat. Neurosci. 3, 1248–1255 (2000)
134. Y. Oka, M. Omura, H. Kataoka, K. Touhara: Olfactory receptor antagonism between odorants, EMBO J. 23, 120–126 (2004)
135. N. Kang, J. Koo: Olfactory receptors in non-chemosensory tissues, BMB Rep. 45, 612–622 (2012)
136. E.M. Neuhaus, A. Mashukova, W. Zhang, J. Barbour, H. Hatt: A specific heat shock protein enhances the expression of mammalian olfactory receptor proteins, Chem. Senses 31, 445–452 (2006)
137. H. Zhuang, H. Matsunami: Evaluating cell-surface expression and measuring activation of mammalian odorant receptors in heterologous cells, Nat. Protoc. 3, 1402–1413 (2008)
138. J. Vockley, R. Ensenauer: Isovaleric acidemia: New aspects of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, Am. J. Med. Genet. C. Semin. Med. Genet. 142C, 95–103 (2006)
139. E.A. Bremner, J.D. Mainland, R.M. Khan, N. Sobel: The prevalence of Androstenone Anosmia, Chem. Senses 28(5), 423–432 (2003)
140. C.J. Wysocki, G.K. Beauchamp: Ability to smell androstenone is genetically determined, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 81, 4899–4902 (1984)